Search

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and highly malignant primary brain tumor characterized by rapid growth and a poor prognosis for patients. Despite advancements in treatment, the median survival time for GBM patients remains low. One of the crucial challenges in understanding and treating GBMs involves its remarkable cellular heterogeneity and adaptability. Central to the survival and proliferation of GBM cells is their ability to undergo metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic reprogramming is a process that allows cancer cells to alter their metabolism to meet the increased demands of rapid growth and to survive in the often oxygen- and nutrient-deficient tumor microenvironment. These changes in metabolism include the Warburg effect, alterations in several key metabolic pathways including glutamine metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, increased uptake and utilization of glutamine, and more. Despite the complexity and adaptability of GBM metabolism, a deeper understanding of its metabolic reprogramming offers hope for developing more effective therapeutic interventions against GBMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the psychometric properties and longitudinal changes of the self-reporting Traditional Chinese version of Biological Rhythms Interview for Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (C-BRIAN-SR) among healthy controls (HC) and patients with major depressive episode (MDE). Eighty patients with a current MDE and 80 HC were recruited. Assessments were repeated after two weeks in HC, and upon the discharge of MDE patients to examine the prospective changes upon remission of depression. The C-BRIAN-SR score was significantly higher in the MDE than HC group. The concurrent validity was supported by a positive correlation between scores of C-BRIAN-SR, Insomnia Severity Index and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. C-BRIAN-SR negatively correlated MEQ in the MDE group (r =.30, p = 0.009), suggesting higher rhythm disturbances were associated with a tendency toward eveningness. A moderate test-retest reliability was found (r =.61, p < 0.001). A cut-off of 38.5 distinguished MDE subjects from HC with 82.9% of sensitivity and 81.0% of specificity. C-BRIAN-SR score normalized in remitted MDE patients but remained higher in the non-remitted. The C-BRIAN-SR is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the biological rhythms and may assist in the screening of patients with MDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous study has shown that a brief cognitive‐behavioral prevention insomnia program could reduce 71% risk of developing insomnia among at‐risk adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the differential response to insomnia prevention in subgroups of at‐risk adolescents. Methods: Adolescents with a family history of insomnia and subthreshold insomnia symptoms were randomly assigned to a 4‐week insomnia prevention program or nonactive control group. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 1 week, and 6‐ and 12‐month after the intervention. Baseline sleep, daytime, and mood profiles were used to determine different subgroups by using latent class analysis (LCA). Analyses were conducted based on the intention‐to‐treat approach. Results: LCA identified three subgroups: (a) insomnia symptoms only, (b) insomnia symptoms with daytime sleepiness and mild anxiety, and (c) insomnia symptoms with daytime sleepiness, mild anxiety, and depression. The incidence rate of insomnia disorder over the 12‐month follow‐up was significantly reduced for adolescents receiving intervention in subgroup 3 compared with the controls (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13–0.99; p =.049) and marginally for subgroup 2 (HR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02–1.08; p =.059). In addition, adolescents who received intervention in subgroups 2 and 3 had a reduced risk of excessive daytime sleepiness (subgroup 2: adjusted OR [AdjOR] = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.87; subgroup 3: AdjOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76) and possible anxiety (subgroup 2: AdjOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27–0.82; subgroup 3: AdjOR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.78) compared with the controls over the 12‐month follow‐up. Conclusions: Adolescents at risk for insomnia can be classified into different subgroups according to their psychological profiles, which were associated with differential responses to the insomnia prevention program. These findings indicate the need for further phenotyping and subgrouping at‐risk adolescents to develop personalized insomnia prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Sleep variability is commonly seen in the young populations. This study aimed to examine the impacts of experimentally induced sleep variability on sleepiness, mood, cognitive performance and sleep architectures among young adults. Thirty‐six healthy individuals (aged 18–22 years) were randomly assigned to either variable sleep schedule (n = 20) or control (n = 16) groups. The protocol involved 1 week of regular sleep (time in bed = 7.5 hr) in the home setting, followed by one adaptation night (time in bed = 7.5 hr), one baseline night (time in bed = 7.5 hr), and 6 nights of sleep manipulation in the laboratory monitored by polysomnography (three cycles of variable sleep schedule by changing daily time in bed alternating between 6 hr and 9 hr for variable sleep schedule group versus fixed sleep schedule with daily time in bed for 7.5 hr for control group). Sleepiness, mood, sustained attention, processing speed, response inhibition and working memory were measured every morning and evening. The variable sleep schedule group reported a higher level of sleepiness, especially in the mornings, and increased negative mood in the evenings. There were no significant differences in positive mood, cognitive performance and sleep macro‐ and micro‐structures. Our results showed the negative effects of sleep variability on daytime functioning especially sleepiness and negative mood, suggesting the need to address variable sleep schedules through sleep intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic features, particularly the use of first-person singular pronouns (FPSPs), have been identified as potential indicators of suicidal ideation. Machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) have shown potential in suicide detection, but their clinical applicability remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify linguistic features associated with suicidal ideation and develop ML models for detection. NLP techniques were applied to clinical interview transcripts (n = 319) to extract relevant features, including four cases of FPSP (subjective, objective, dative, and possessive cases) and first-person plural pronouns (FPPPs). Logistic regression analyses were conducted for each linguistic feature, controlling for age, gender, and depression. Gradient boosting, support vector machine, random forest, decision tree, and logistic regression were trained and evaluated. Results indicated that all four cases of FPSPs were associated with depression (p < 0.05) but only the use of objective FPSPs was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (p = 0.02). Logistic regression and support vector machine models successfully detected suicidal ideation, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.57 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, FPSPs identified during clinical interviews might be a promising indicator of suicidal ideation in Chinese patients. ML algorithms might have the potential to aid clinicians in improving the detection of suicidal ideation in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine multidimensional impulsivity levels across different early stages of α‐synucleinopathy. Methods: This cross‐sectional study investigated motor and decisional impulsivity levels using a panel of computerized tasks among drug‐naïve parkinsonism patients, isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients and their first‐degree relatives (iRBD‐FDRs), and control participants. Trait impulsivity and impulse control behaviors were assessed by self‐reported questionnaires. Results: A total of 27 drug‐naïve parkinsonism patients, 157 iRBD patients, 66 iRBD‐FDRs, and 82 control participants were recruited. Parkinsonism and iRBD patients had fewer numbers of extracted beads in beads task 1 and 2 (both p < 0.001), and a higher rate of irrational choice in task 1 (p = 0.046) before making decisions, and fewer numbers of pumps of unexploded blue balloons in the balloon analog risk task (p = 0.004) than control participants, indicating a higher level of reflection impulsivity and a lower level of risk taking, respectively. iRBD patients had more no‐go errors in the go/no‐go task than control participants (padjusted = 0.036), suggesting a higher level of motor impulsivity. iRBD‐FDRs with dream‐enactment behaviors had fewer numbers of extracted beads (p = 0.047) in beads task 2 than FDRs without dream‐enactment behaviors, suggesting a possible higher level of reflection impulsivity. Interpretation: A complex construct of altered impulsivity with decreased risk taking, but increased reflection and motor impulsivity, has already occurred at the prodromal and early stages of α‐synucleinopathy, which have implications for underlying pathophysiology and clinical management of α‐synucleinopathy, especially for impulse control behaviors upon dopaminergic drug treatment. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:544–557 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]