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Aqueous extracts from four different American hops varieties (Mosaic, Chinook, Citra, and Centennial) were produced using the Synergy Pure technique, an innovative extraction distillation process developed by Synergy Flavours, a global specialist in the manufacturing of flavors, extracts and essences. This process is able to preserve and maximize the aromatic characteristics without increasing the bitterness of the final product. Therefore, the aim of this work is to identify the volatile and sensory characteristics of these extracts, with the additional aim to assess their suitability for brewing. GC-MS and sensory analyses were carried out on the four different aqueous extracts. The results highlighted the presence of 33 volatile compounds in a quantity that allowed us to identify the characteristics of the varieties under investigation in each extract. Sensory analysis was carried out using the expert sensory profiling technique. The results regarding the olfactory analysis of the extracts allowed us to define the aroma profiles of the four extracts, highlighting their strong correspondence with the characteristic of the varieties under investigation. Finally, the results showed that the aqueous extracts produced using the Synergy Pure extraction technique had a richer aroma profile, highlighting its higher aptitude in beer production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed JMCQ articles in the specific topic area of mass communication technology and media channels, overall and across four 20-year periods. Primary topics changed from emphasizing media industry and policy issues, international issues of information freedom, audience research, and WWII media issues in early periods to more specific regulatory issues, ratings and audience analyses, macro and social issues, and media technology development issues in more recent periods. JMCQ serves as a treasure trove of the history of broadcast media technology and competition, policy debates, and audience interests, with a recent emphasis on more rigorous empirical analyses.

In 1952, West Germans and Americans held a joint, year-long observation celebrating the centennial of the arrival of German-born Carl Schurz in the USA. The collaborative, transatlantic celebration served to publicize a historical and cultural relationship between the German and American peoples through the memory of Carl Schurz. State and non-state participants publicly remembered Schurz as the quintessential German–American and a "bridge character" that transcended national borders, occupied an important ideological space, legitimized the Cold War relationship between erstwhile enemies, and perpetuated an on-going process to construct a transnational, cultural identity rooted in Western liberal-democratic political culture. For the US government, the historical character of Carl Schurz also became a means of promoting a liberal heritage in the face of on-going Soviet accusations of American imperialism, warmongering, and poor race relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To draw a picture of the evolution of media management research in the context of published scholarly work, this invited piece reviews works related to media management and industry studies published in JMCQ for the past 100 years. Initially, attention was paid to understanding the basics of newspaper as an economic entity. Since then, the status of chain ownership and consolidation, impacts of consolidation on newspaper content, intermedia competition, human resource management, business strategy, adoption/consumption, engagement, and recently, AI in the media industry were the major topics in the media management studies chronologically. Future directions for media management and industry studies were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal and Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ) has documented the struggle members of marginalized groups face in their quest to be treated equally in media content and careers. In this analysis, we note that the journal's century of articles documents the many historical shifts in the representation and treatment of women and minorities in media settings. Articles emphasize the lack of opportunities for advancement, management issues, and systemic inequities perpetuated by media content and practices. Less common were articles that examine the treatment of students and faculty in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very first article published in the new Journalism Quarterly, in January 1924, was titled "The Professional Spirit." It was a fitting start for the journal, which over the next 100 years tracked the maturation of journalism as a profession and journalism studies as a field of scholarly inquiry. This article explores how "journalism" evolved in the pages of the journal through a turbulent century. By analyzing the changing debates and tracking the incremental but steady expansion of knowledge, we seek to provide insights into where journalism scholarship started, the path we traveled, and how we arrived at today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the evolution of public relations from its pre-science period to the present-day using Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific development. The review discusses how public relations scholarship has grown and reached scientific maturity, in parallel with the institutionalization of public relations' professional practice and higher education. This article highlights the evolving nature of the discipline, including the paradigmatic shift toward a multifunctional definition of public relations and focus on relationship theories, ethics, public behavior, and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania celebrated the centennial of the end of the First World War and the creation of Great Romania both nationally, as well as internationally, with public, private, or personal initiatives. Even though creating a complete account of the events of 2018 would seem rather impossible, our online research was designed to identify a common denominator among the organisers and the types of events. Our 2019 research, alongside its 2023 update, was focused on the events that had obtained the right to use the centennial’s official logo and especially on the ones endorsed by the Ministry of Culture and National Identity. We have identified eight major organisers and eight main types of events, alongside the events and projects of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the ones of the Ministry of Defence. The presentation includes statistics, classifications, and examples for each type of event we identified, while attempting to offer an overall view of the hundreds of events that had taken place in Romania in 2018.

In January 1866, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, began formulating plans to celebrate the community's centennial. Cognizant of their restrained financial resources in the wake of the American Civil War, the community resolved to "get up a celebration in every respect, both outwardly and inwardly." While organizers' visions revealed novel approaches to many aspects of the two-day-long affair, Edward Leinbach's approach to the musical components of the celebration bore out in ways that left enduring marks on a community in need of revitalization, growth, and a renewed sense of community. While dutifully honoring the past, the program Leinbach devised and executed performed Moravianism in distinctly new ways that foreshadowed the cultivation of a postbellum Southern Moravian identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the construction and role of national memory in exile through the intersection of nationalism and memory studies. Building on descriptions of the Georgian émigré memory, its comparison with the Soviet Georgian identity and its travelling trajectory, this study illustrates the potential of subaltern national exilic memory. My research data on prominent Georgian émigrés are juxtaposed with a recent historical study of the internal diaspora of prominent Georgians in the Soviet Union. This is a story of postcolonial intellectuals and nationalist elites who acted as a carrier group in 1921, advocating internationally against the suffering of Soviet Georgians. Exiles produced an alternative account, comprised of four counternarratives, to that of the Soviet Union. These identified narratives constitute a stored memory that became an available past for Georgia. The safeguarded émigré memory was negotiated, recovered, used for centennial celebrations in 2018 and finally reintegrated into the national body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explain social media marketing communication preference and information seeking behavior among digital natives, namely the Millennial and Centennial generations. By conducting a literature review on brand marketing communication on social media and information seeking behavior of millennial and centennial generations, there are both similarities and differences between the two generations preference. Similarities between the two generation lies in the use of social media as a source information about some brands. This causes both millennials and centennials prefer to contents that uploaded by other consumers on social media, both in attractive text and video formats. However, for the millennial generation, the use of influencers and word of mouth spread through social media content about a brand or product is said to have a greater impact than when messages about the brand are uploaded directly by the brand itself. Meanwhile, for the centennial generation, infomercial video format content is preferred and considered attractive compared to other marketing communication formats. In addition, for centennials, content by micro-influencers is also considered more trustworthy when compared to well-known influencers who are prefer by millenials. Therefore, it can be concluded that the difference in social media marketing communication preference for millennial and centennial generations lies on the uploader of the content and the format of the content itself.

The Bibliography highlights new works that were published to mark the Bauhaus centennial year of 2019. The listing is arranged under 10 headings that distinguish the kinds of publication by different category. In compiling the Bibliography, particular efforts were made to identify works in languages beyond English and German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index that we call the Ensemble Oceanic Niño Index (Ensemble ONI). Ensemble ONI uses monthly sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Niño3.4 region from 32 input SST datasets as the basis for the ensemble, and our new monthly ENSO index extends from the present back to the year 1850. We use the input datasets to quantify the uncertainty in the monthly index values. The uncertainty is calculated from datasets that are not completely independent from each other, but we use other estimates of uncertainty in SST, well‐documented historical ENSO events, a detailed consideration of literature‐based definitions of ENSO events, and proxy‐based determinations of past ENSO events, to show that our uncertainty estimate from the ensemble of input datasets is comparable with other studies both in terms of average magnitude and the time‐varying trend. Similar to past research, we find that ENSO events occur every 4–5 years on average, and there have been six "Super" El Niños (1877–1878, 1888–1889, 1972–1973, 1982–1983, 1997–1998, 2015–2016) that statistically rise above all other El Niños since 1850. Finally, the time span of our work shows that El Niño events were most intense at ends of both the 19th century and the 20th century, with a lull in the mid‐1900s, corroborating previous instrumental, written, and proxy records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weather observing stations are subject to changes in instrumentation, location and surrounding environment over time. Parallel observations between old and new conditions are therefore vital to ensure that a reliable dataset can be built and used for long‐term climate analysis. Here, we examine the world's longest known sets of parallel temperature observations: daily data for Adelaide, South Australia, recorded using two different thermometer screens for 60 years from 1887 to 1947. These data are globally significant for their length and completeness, but the daily observations in the Glaisher stand have only recently been digitized for analysis. We find maximum temperatures recorded in the Glaisher stand are warmer than the Stevenson screen observations, with the difference increasing with absolute temperature, while minimum temperatures recorded in the Glaisher stand are consistently slightly cooler. These differences are similar to those identified using monthly means, as well as other studies of shorter datasets. However, the daily resolution enabled us to identify periods of inconsistent relationships due to changes in observations times (particularly from 1938 onwards), and quantify the differences during extreme events. In particular, percentile analysis revealed that the differences for extremely high temperatures are only slightly greater than the average difference during the warmer months. The data provide an opportunity to attempt the development of 160‐year continuous daily temperature record for one of the oldest colonial cities in the Southern Hemisphere. As expected, we find temperatures in recent decades to be the highest since 1859, although the Glaisher stand maximum temperature data in the 1860s are notably warm, likely due to dry conditions and persistent inhomogeneities. While the relationships we have identified cannot be applied to other 19th century Glaisher stand observations without careful metadata examination, they provide a possible tool for analysis and re‐examination of historical mid‐latitude temperature observations elsewhere around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual downy mildew [Pseudoperonospora humuli (Miyabe & Takah.) G.W. Wilson, (1914)] epidemics threaten hop (Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus) production throughout the eastern United States. Rootstock rot complicates foliar disease assessments because dormant buds may rot before producing a symptomatic basal shoot and noncolonized buds produce healthy shoots. We selected 12 cultivars to evaluate downy mildew susceptibility (2016 and 2017) and examined the rhizomes of a subset of six cultivars (2018) that showed clear differences in foliar disease ratings to determine rootstock rot susceptibility. Trials were conducted on nontrellised hop yards established at two research farms in 2016 and managed without fungicides. The relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) values for foliar disease severity and density ratings were consistently higher for ‘Cascade’, ‘Centennial’, and ‘Nugget’ than for ‘Newport’, ‘Tahoma’, and ‘Columbia’. Only ‘Centennial’ had a higher wet-rot cortex discoloration (CD) incidence (71.5%) and severity (31.9%) in its rhizomes than the other cultivars. Among cultivars with low foliar disease levels, Columbia was less vigorous (shoots/plant) than ‘Tahoma’, but had similar wet-rot CD (incidence, 46.4% to 47.2%; severity, 12.5% to 17.7%). The levels of wet-rot CD for ‘Tahoma’, ‘Newport’, and ‘Columbia’ were comparable to those of some cultivars with more severe foliar disease symptoms (‘Nugget’ and ‘Cascade’). Differences in foliar disease among cultivars with similar levels of rootstock rot suggest a resistance defense mechanism to P. humuli. Additional work is needed to clarify rootstock infection sites and characterize defense responses to aid future breeding efforts.

Copyright of Sociohistórica: Cuadernos del CISH is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ibero-Americana - Nordic Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies is the property of Ubiquity Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Baseflow is an essential water resource because it is the groundwater discharged to streams and represents long‐term storage. Understanding its future changes is a major concern for water supply and ecosystem health. This study examines the impacts of climate and agriculture on monthly baseflow in the U.S. Midwest through the end of the 21st century. We use a statistical approach to evaluate three scenarios. The first scenario is based on downscaled and bias corrected global climate model (GCM) outputs and the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, and agriculture is held constant (and equal to the mean from 2013 to 2019). In the next two scenarios, climate is held constant (2010–2019) to isolate the impact of agriculture on baseflow. In terms of agricultural changes, we consider scenarios representative of either increases or decreases with respect to the production of corn and soybeans. Changes in the climate system point to increases in baseflow that are likely a result of increased precipitation and antecedent wetness. Seasonally, warmer temperature in the winter and spring (i.e., February to July) is expected to cause increasing trends in baseflow. Changes in land use showed that agriculture would either mitigate the impact of climate change or possibly amplify it. Expanding corn and soybean areas would increase baseflow in the Corn Belt region. On the other hand, converting land back to perennial vegetation would decrease baseflow throughout the entire year. Despite its simplicity, this study can provide basic information to understand where to expect adverse effects on baseflow and thus improve land management practices in those areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like the other economy sectors, the food industry sector in Jordan has witnessed great developments to keep up with the social, economic and demographic developments which took place in the country since its establishments in 1921. From a humble, farm level and home food production aiming to meet the needs of a small subsistence- living population, the food industries have grown to reach the markets of more than 80 countries. The significance of the food industries lies not only in its role in achieving food security, but also in supporting the agricultural sector and alleviating the unemployment problem in the country. The development of the food industries sector was supported by a number of factors over the past century including the food – related legislations, investment policies, infrastructure and the availability of the expert manpower in the area of food processing. Despite the great developments, the sector suffers from a number of shortcomings such as competition from imported goods, high production cost and lack of sufficient governmental support. However, despite all these problems, the sector is growing and continues to add to the national economy through the superior quality of its products and the dedication of the people who work in it. This paper which came to mark the first centennial celebrations of the establishment of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, aims to shed light on the major landmarks in the century- long march of the sector, identify its strengths and weaknesses and present an overview of the trends and opportunities that should be exploited to shape a better future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Americanía. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos is the property of Revista Americania - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plurentes is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When a tragic accident occurred in November 1962 in the coalmine of Kings Bay Company in Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard, (78°55´N, 11°56´E) it led to the fall of the labour government that had been ruling Norway since the Second World War. A year later the mine was closed, the infrastructure left unattended, and the community of Ny‐Ålesund evacuated. The Norwegian government was then facing a challenge as it had to establish a new activity in the village in order to keep the sovereignty over the territory. This was in the middle of the Cold War. The Russian population on Svalbard was about twice as large as the Norwegian, while the production of the Russian mines was approximately half the output of the Norwegians. An empty village with well‐developed infrastructure on Svalbard was therefore an enticement for the Soviet Union. Key Point: A personal recollection of the early days of the Chatanika and EISCAT radars [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed a data set of 18 homogenized daily precipitation series from the southern European Alps, covering approximately the last 150 years. Previously available data from stations in Northern Italy have been extended considerably by recent digitization work, and, for the first time, they have been combined with daily data from Swiss stations on a centennial scale. Precipitation frequency in the southern Alps decreased significantly over the period 1890–2017. We show that this trend is related to a step‐like reduction in cyclonic weather types over central Europe that occurred around 1940. This decrease is an example of the large variability that affects precipitation in the region over many different time scales. In particular, strong trends on a decadal scale are related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, although the influence of the latter is present only in the recent decades. Trends in heavy precipitation indices do not show a coherent pattern across the study area. We find a significant increase in heavy precipitation in Switzerland, while a decrease affects the southeastern subset in spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espiga is the property of Revista Espiga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)