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Life insurance enhances households' capacity to absorb financial shocks and protects against personal risks that no one likes to contemplate. This is even more important in times of economic hardship such as now, when many Europe countries and particularly Spain are going through difficult times due to rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Although previous studies have analysed the driving forces of life insurance demand, the influence of the individual's financial planning horizon, financial knowledge, and financial self-control have been underexplored. This study analyses the influence of personal financial attributes on life insurance demand and, in so doing, explores whether the effects of such attitudes differ across different generational cohorts (i.e., the silent generation, baby boomers, Gen Xers, and millennials). The data, taken from the Survey of Financial Competences, comprises 7245 Spanish individuals. Evidence from multivariate analyses reflects the relevance of standard sociodemographic characteristics in explaining individuals' decisions to become life insurance holders. In contrast, evidence does not support a statistically significant relationship in the case of behavioural variables such as financial self-control and the financial planning horizon

O presente traballo trata de estudar o comportamento do consumidor con respecto á devolución de compras online de moda en España, así como avaliar o impacto que tivo o cambio na política de devolución do grupo Inditex no comportamento dos seus clientes. A pandemia da Covid 19 provocou un aumento considerable das compras online de moda e, asemade, das devolucións destas, que nestes últimos anos se mantiveron. Ata o de agora, as grandes compañías do sector asumían os custos que estas supoñían, ofrecendo unha política de devolución indulxente que incentivase a compra online. No entanto, os elevados custos económicos e medioambientais que xera a loxística inversa levaron ás empresas do sector téxtil a modificar a súa política de devolución. Dende o pasado 1 de febreiro de 2023 as devolucións con recollida a domicilio das tendas de Inditex en España deixaron de ser gratuítas para ter un custo de 1,95€. Ca fin de coñecer as consecuencias que este cambio puido ter entre os clientes do mercado español, levouse a cabo unha enquisa completada por 153 persoas. Tras a análise dos datos, chegouse á conclusión de que máis de 8 de cada 10 clientes continúan realizando compras online en Inditex. De feito, o 62% dos clientes non se viron afectados por este cambio, pois non empregaban este método de devolución. O principal efecto da modificación é unha diminución das devolucións con recollida a domicilio e un aumento das devolucións nos puntos de recollida e, especialmente, nas tendas físicas.

Despite the growing prevalence of employee exemplification in the workplace, there is limited understanding of this assertive self-focused tactic. This study proposes to expand the exemplification research domain by exploring the emotional and behavioral conditions under which this impression management tactic is effective. Data analysis from 206 supervisor employee dyads reveals that the indirect relationship between exemplification and individual performance through a supervisor’s liking is conditional on an employee’s emotional intelligence. Specifically, the exemplification effect on performance is sharply negative when a salesperson’s emotional intelligence is low, and it becomes insignificant when a salesperson is highly emotionally intelligent. This moderating effect is also strengthened by a supervisor’s age. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed

Research on consumer financial vulnerability (CFV) was especially encouraged in the aftermath of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, becoming a phenomenon of global interest to academics and policy makers. This paper reviews the existing academic literature on CFV with the aim of mapping out four research fields (i.e., the concept, the measures, the methods, and the drivers of this phenomenon) and providing a roadmap for a future research agenda for this field. To this end, we review the last two decades of academic research on households’ financial vulnerability, thereby presenting a hybrid literature review. Evidence from a comprehensive analysis of 98 academic papers suggests that this is still an emerging and highly fragmented field and, therefore, a comprehensive future research agenda is offered, including concrete suggestions for research designs and measurements. The proposal of a homogeneous definition of financial vulnerability, the consideration of measures that include subjective aspects of the phenomenon, the use of qualitative methods, and the development of more detailed theoretical and empirical research on the drivers of CFV, are among the authors’ recommendations for future research

In recent years, households have become increasingly indebted, which constitutes a matter of concern. Based on a sample from the Spanish Survey of Financial Competences, this paper examines the relationship between self-control and consumer borrowing behaviour and, in so doing, it proposes a new multi-item scale of individual’s self-control in financial matters and considers several types of consumer debt, thus overcoming the main gaps identified in previous research. Empirical evidence reveals that, overall, self-control problems lead to more indebtedness. However, comprehensive analyses have demonstrated that the influence of self-control differs across an exhaustive range of credit options. In this regard, the lack of self-control increases the probability of taking out unsecured personal loans, loans from family or friends, and credit card use. Evidence suggests that individuals’ first impulse leads them to ask their social circle for a loan. Overall, individuals might be tempted to get indebted when they cannot make ends meet. However, this first impulse usually faces barriers from the supply perspective, so the evidence suggests that the effect of self-control on borrowing decisions might be shaped not only by the demand side of credit but also by the supply one

Research on salesperson creativity remains as one of the most under-researched topics in the sales literature despite the evidence that encouraging creativity in the sales domain is a source of competitive advantage. This paper aims to fill this research gap by exploring the influence of perceived ethical climate on salesperson creative performance, paying special attention to the role that emotions play in this process. Data provided by 176 supervisor–salesperson dyads confirm that the trust/responsibility dimension of an ethical climate is positively related to salesperson creative selling by increasing salespeople's organizational pride. Similarly, the perception of unethical selling practices negatively affects salesperson organizational pride, reducing the expression of creative behaviors. Moreover, the negative effect of unethical selling practices on creative performance is stronger (more negative) when salespeople's identification with an organization increases. Managerial implications and future research directions are also addressed.

Research on salesperson creativity remains as one of the most under-researched topics in the sales literature despite the evidence that encouraging creativity in the sales domain is a source of competitive advantage. This paper aims to fill this research gap by exploring the influence of perceived ethical climate on salesperson creative performance, paying special attention to the role that emotions play in this process. Data provided by 176 supervisor–salesperson dyads confirm that the trust/responsibility dimension of an ethical climate is positively related to salesperson creative selling by increasing salespeople's organizational pride. Similarly, the perception of unethical selling practices negatively affects salesperson organizational pride, reducing the expression of creative behaviors. Moreover, the negative effect of unethical selling practices on creative performance is stronger (more negative) when salespeople's identification with an organization increases. Managerial implications and future research directions are also addressed

This study aims to explore and understand whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) could be considered as an indirect cue of certain product characteristics, turning it into an effective instrument to encourage credibility and trust in a food brand and thereby influence consumers’ purchase intention; the study also considers how consumers’ integrity influences these effects of trust and credibility. The proposed model and the mediation and moderation hypotheses were tested with conditional process analysis and were generally supported by data collected from 252 consumers. The results have important implications for companies, revealing that CSR dimensions impact consumer purchase intention by generating greater credibility and trust. Moreover, among consumers with higher integrity, the effects are more significant. Finally, it is the economic dimension of CSR that has the clearest impact on consumer intentions

Salespeople turnover is a key issue that can threaten a company’s survival, either by reducing its income or increasing its expenses. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices on the salespeople turnover. Drawing from social network theory, this research suggests that the perception of CSR practices influences salespeople turnover through their impact on the perception of the company’s reputation and the organizational pride that sellers experience. Additionally, the moderating role of interpersonal justice in the CSR-organizational pride relationship is analyzed. The data was collected from a sample of 176 salespeople and their supervisors from 96 companies. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the psychometric properties of the measurement scales and to test the proposed direct hypotheses, and conditional process analysis was used to test the proposed mediation hypothesis. The results indicate that CSR is negatively related to salesperson turnover via the perceived salespeople’s organizational pride and organizational reputation. Furthermore, this study’s findings confirm the importance of a salesperson’s interpersonal justice for these relationships. This study contributes to the existing sales and management literature by enhancing our understanding of how to reduce salespeople turnover intention. Specifically, it underlines the role of CSR practices in reducing those intentions

Individuals’ financial capability, resulting from the combination of the financial literacy they have and the opportunity to access financial products, is a challenge in today's societies and, particularly, for certain population groups such as the millennial generation. For this reason, it is important to study the financial capability of millennials and to validate whether there are differences regarding that of preceding generations. After the literature review, the empirical analysis is carried out using a sample based on the Survey of Financial Competences (SFC). The sample is composed of 6,852 non-retired individuals under 65 years of age, of which approximately 34% are millennials. Descriptive and econometric analyses are based on this sample. However, financial inclusion is more related to the financial behaviours of respondents. This relationship is clear, regardless of the generational cohort analysed, in the delay in payments, the maintenance of emergency funds and the financial planning horizon. It is also found that the correlation of some behaviours with financial literacy is more similar between millennials and non-millennials than when the former is compared with their peers. This research contributes to the existing financial literature through the analysis of the financial capability of the Spanish millennial generation and the analysis of how this capability influences its financial behaviour. In this sense, the research brings empirical evidence to a field of study in which there is hardly any reference that goes beyond descriptive analyses focused on AngloSaxon contexts., A capacitación ou competencia financeira dos individuos, resultado da combinación da súa cultura financeira e da oportunidade de acceder aos produtos financeiros, supón un reto nas sociedades actuais e, particularmente, para certos colectivos de poboación como a xeración millennial. Por esta razón, é importante coñecer a competencia financeira dos millennials e constatar se existen diferenzas con respecto ás xeracións predecesoras. Tras a revisión da literatura, a análise empírica baséase nunha mostra de datos extraída da Enquisa de Competencias Financeiras (ECF). A mostra está conformada por unhas 6.852 persoas non xubiladas menores de 65 anos, das cales aproximadamente un 34% son millennials, e sobre elas aplicaranse senllas análises estatístico-descritivas e econométricas. A evidencia empírica suxire que a capacidade financeira dos individuos está máis condicionada pola súa cultura financeira que polas súas oportunidades de acceso a produtos financeiros. Con todo, a inclusión financeira relaciónase en maior medida cos comportamentos financeiros dos enquisados. Esta relación é clara, con independencia da cohorte xeracional analizada, no atraso en pagos, no mantemento de fondos de emerxencia e no horizonte de planificación financeira. Tamén se detecta que a relación que manteñen algúns comportamentos coa capacitación financeira é máis similar entre os millennials adultos e os non millennials, que cando se compara aos primeiros cos seus conxéneres. Esta investigación contribúe á literatura financeira existente a través da análise da competencia financeira da xeración millennial en España e de como esta inflúe no seu comportamento financeiro. Neste sentido, o traballo achega evidencias empíricas a un campo de estudo no que apenas existen investigacións que vaian máis aló das análises centradas en contextos anglosaxóns., La capacitación o competencia financiera de los individuos, resultado de la combinación de su cultura financiera y de la oportunidad de acceder a los productos financieros, supone un reto en las sociedades actuales y, particularmente, para ciertos colectivos de población como la generación millennial. Por esta razón, es importante conocer la competencia financiera de los millennials y constatar si existen diferencias con respecto a las generaciones predecesoras. Tras la revisión de la literatura, el análisis empírico se basa en una muestra de datos extraída de la Encuesta de Competencias Financieras (ECF). La muestra está conformada por unas 6.852 personas no jubiladas menores de 65 años, de las cuales aproximadamente un 34% son millennials, y sobre ellas se aplicarán sendos análisis estadístico-descriptivos y econométricos. La evidencia empírica sugiere que la capacidad financiera de los individuos está más condicionada por su cultura financiera que por sus oportunidades de acceso a productos financieros. Sin embargo, la inclusión financiera se relaciona en mayor medida con los comportamientos financieros de los encuestados. Esta relación es clara, con independencia de la cohorte generacional analizada, en el retraso en pagos, en el mantenimiento de fondos de emergencia y en el horizonte de planificación financiera. También se detecta que la relación que mantienen algunos comportamientos con la capacitación financiera es más similar entre los millennials adultos y los no millennials, que cuando se compara a los primeros con sus congéneres. Esta investigación contribuye a la literatura financiera existente a través del análisis de la competencia financiera de la generación millennial en España y de cómo esta influye en su comportamiento financiero. En este sentido, el trabajo aporta evidencias empíricas a un campo de estudio en el que apenas existen investigaciones que vayan más allá de los análisis centrados en contextos anglosajones.

Population ageing, together with the recent economic downturn and its aftermath, are giving considerable cause for concern as regards the future sustainability of public pension systems. Voluntary pension schemes emerge here as an alternative to supplement the public pension pillar, and therefore, understanding how individuals make their financial decisions when participating in voluntary pension schemes becomes a question of key importance. There is a growing literature aimed at analysing this issue, but few studies to date have analysed the effect of behavioural traits on participation in voluntary pension schemes. Particularly, an analysis of the effect of self-control on this financial decision will be the aim of this paper. Based on data from the International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy, this paper analyses, through probit regression models, the effect of financial self-control, besides other control variables, e.g., gender, on the holding of financial assets for retirement savings. Empirical evidence reveals that higher levels of financial self-control are positively associated with saving for retirement. Moreover, when this variable is considered, the statistically significant effect of other driving forces traditionally highlighted by previous literature disappears. Therefore, our empirical evidence supports the need to consider behavioural issues in explaining individuals’ financial decisions

[Abstract] Population ageing, together with the recent economic downturn and its aftermath, are giving considerable cause for concern as regards the future sustainability of public pension systems. Voluntary pension schemes emerge here as an alternative to supplement the public pension pillar, and therefore, understanding how individuals make their financial decisions when participating in voluntary pension schemes becomes a question of key importance. There is a growing literature aimed at analysing this issue, but few studies to date have analysed the effect of behavioural traits on participation in voluntary pension schemes. Particularly, an analysis of the effect of self-control on this financial decision will be the aim of this paper. Based on data from the International Survey of Adult Financial Literacy, this paper analyses, through probit regression models, the effect of financial self-control, besides other control variables, e.g., gender, on the holding of financial assets for retirement savings. Empirical evidence reveals that higher levels of financial self-control are positively associated with saving for retirement. Moreover, when this variable is considered, the statistically significant effect of other driving forces traditionally highlighted by previous literature disappears. Therefore, our empirical evidence supports the need to consider behavioural issues in explaining individuals’ financial decisions.