27 results on '"Cartenì, F."'
Search Results
2. Ring formation in clonal plants
- Author
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Bonanomi, G., Incerti, G., Stinca, A., Cartenì, F., Giannino, F., and Mazzoleni, S.
- Published
- 2014
3. Parasitic plant causes ephemeral banding pattern in a reservoir bank
- Author
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BONANOMI G, SALVATORI N, ZOTTI M, STINCA A, MOTTI R, IDBELLA M, CARTENÌ F, MAZZOLENI S, GIANNINO F, Bonanomi, G, Salvatori, N, Zotti, M, Stinca, A, Motti, R, Idbella, M, Cartenì, F, Mazzoleni, S, and Giannino, F
- Subjects
invasive specie ,numerical simulation ,rainbow pattern ,vegetation pattern ,Cuscuta ,mathematical modelling ,soil heterogeneity - Abstract
Question: In the fall 2018 we observed an atypical pattern with concentric belts of green, yellow, and brown vegetation. What are the causes of the pattern? Localized water depletion, soil spatial heterogeneity and the activity of pathogenic organisms were tested as alternative hypotheses. Location: Banks of a water reservoir, Alento basin in south Italy (40°19′04.50″ N; 15°06′45.35″ E). Methods: Belts were monitored for floristic composition and plant health status. In each zone, 17 soil parameters were analysed (soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, limestone content, organic C, Olsen P, total N, C/N ratio, cations exchange capacity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). Soil moisture was monitored by soil probes, positioned at 10cm depth. The incidence of pathogens and parasitic plants was visually estimated. Finally, model simulations were carried out to explore the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in the formation of the belts. Results: The vegetation survey revealed that the green belt was characterized by a monospecific stand of Xanthium italicum with a plant density >190 individuals per m2. All plants were healthy. In the yellow belt, instead, Xanthium italicum was attacked by the parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris with an incidence >70%. In the brown belt all Xanthium italicum was still standing but dead, with an incidence of Cuscuta campestris attack >94%. No differences in soil chemistry were recorded in the three belts, while soil moisture was slightly lower in the green belt, likely as a result of a higher evapotranspiration rate. The modelling simulation well reproduced the banded vegetation, supporting the role of the parasitic plant in the formation of the pattern. Conclusions: By combining extensive field measurements with detailed modelling work, we revealed, for the first time, the primary role of a parasitic plant in the formation of a regular and ephemeral vegetation pattern.
- Published
- 2020
4. Biogeography and shape of fungal fairy rings in the Apennine mountains, Italy
- Author
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Marina Allegrezza, Giuliano Bonanomi, Maurizio Zotti, Fabrizio Carteni, Mauro Moreno, Letizia Olivieri, Matteo Garbarino, Giulio Tesei, Francesco Giannino, Stefano Mazzoleni, Allegrezza, M., Bonanomi, G., Zotti, M., Cartenì, F., Moreno, M., Olivieri, L., Garbarino, M., Tesei, G., Giannino, F., and Mazzoleni, S.
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ecosystem engineer ,Agaricus arvensis ,Arcs and rotors ,basidiomycota ,vegetation pattern ,Ecology ,Agaricus arvensi ,Arcs and rotor ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Aim: Fungal ‘fairy rings’ (FRs) are regular bands of vegetation caused by a centrifugal expansion of fungal mycelia. It is well established that FR fungi affect both soil chemistry and microbiome, but nothing is known about the distribution of these patterns at the regional scale. Here, we assess the abundance and occurrences of different FR shapes i.e. rings, arcs and rotors, and explore their association with geomorphology and climate. Location: The Apennine Mountains, 300-km latitudinal gradient along the Italian Peninsula. Taxon: Basidiomycetous fungi. Methods: High-resolution freely available images were gathered to study FR shapes and distribution in the Apennine region of Italy. First, 12 mountains with different elevations and geomorphology were studied to assess the colonial density and relative distribution of FR type. FR distribution and shape and size of additional 616 FRs were studied in 61 study sites and relationship with selected climatic and topographic variables were assessed using different modelling approaches. Results: Overall, 1163 FR structures were found across the study area. Arcs were the most common shape followed by rings. Rotors were rare, accounting for less than 2% of all observations. Fungal colony density varied largely both among and within sites, averaging 6.7 arcs, 2.2 rings and only 0.1 rotors per ha. On average, arcs (18.8 m) were similar in size compared to rotors (18.4 m) whilst rings were smaller (11.7 m). Arcs presented a higher frequency of occurrence on steeper slopes whilst rings were mostly found on flat and moderate slopes. FRs occurred within the altitudinal range between 546 m and 2148 m a.s.l., corresponding to temperatures between 3.4 and 12.7°C and rainfall between 1100 and 1300 mm per year. Main Conclusions: FRs are common elements of the Apennine grassland landscape where they may contribute to the maintenance of plant and microbial diversity. Better systematic identification of the fungal species involved in the formation of FRs is required. Further research that combines long-term field manipulative experiments and modelling work would help to explain the formation of rings, arcs and rotors during the ontogenetic development of fungal fronts.
- Published
- 2022
5. A General Process-Based Model for Describing the Metabolic Shift in Microbial Cell Cultures
- Author
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Fabrizio Carteni, Alessio Occhicone, Francesco Giannino, Christian E. Vincenot, Elisabetta de Alteriis, Emanuela Palomba, Stefano Mazzoleni, Cartenì, F., Occhicone, A., Giannino, F., Vincenot, C. E., de Alteriis, E., Palomba, E., and Mazzoleni, S.
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Crabtree/Warburg effect ,Microbiology (medical) ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Microbial metabolism ,Bacillus subtilis ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,self-inhibition ,System Dynamics (SD) model ,Escherichia coli ,Bioreactor ,medicine ,Bacillus subtili ,overflow metabolism ,Overflow metabolism ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,high cell-density culture ,Yeast ,Fermentation ,Biochemical engineering - Abstract
The metabolic shift between respiration and fermentation at high glucose concentration is a widespread phenomenon in microbial world, and it is relevant for the biotechnological exploitation of microbial cell factories, affecting the achievement of high-cell-densities in bioreactors. Starting from a model already developed for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, based on the System Dynamics approach, a general process-based model for two prokaryotic species of biotechnological interest, such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, is proposed. The model is based on the main assumption that glycolytic intermediates act as central catabolic hub regulating the shift between respiratory and fermentative pathways. Furthermore, the description of a mixed fermentation with secondary by-products, characteristic of bacterial metabolism, is explicitly considered. The model also represents the inhibitory effect on growth and metabolism of self-produced toxic compounds relevant in assessing the late phases of high-cell density culture. Model simulations reproduced data from experiments reported in the literature with different strains of non-recombinant and recombinant E. coli and B. subtilis cultured in both batch and fed-batch reactors. The proposed model, based on simple biological assumptions, is able to describe the main dynamics of two microbial species of relevant biotechnological interest. It demonstrates that a reductionist System Dynamics approach to formulate simplified macro-kinetic models can provide a robust representation of cell growth and accumulation in the medium of fermentation by-products.
- Published
- 2020
6. Re-Uniting Photosyntesis and Photovoltaics: Design for Architectural Greenhouses
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A. Scognamiglio, L. V. Mercaldo, M. Della Noce, M. Ferrara, P. Delli Veneri, C. Toledo Arias, F. Cartenì, F. Giannino, M. Zotti, N. Salvatori, S. Mazzoleni, Scognamiglio, A., Mercaldo, L. V., Della Noce, M., Ferrara, M., Delli Veneri, P., Toledo Arias, C., Cartenì, F., Giannino, F., Zotti, M., Salvatori, N., and Mazzoleni, S.
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PV Applications and Integration ,BIPV, National Program/Programme, Agrivoltaics, Innovative Photovoltaic Glasses ,PV on/in Buildings, Infrastructure, Landscape, Water and Nature - Abstract
37th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1972-1974, This paper introduces a recently initiated Italian national project on high innovative PV greenhouses considering different scales of experimentation as well as an interdisciplinary approach involving experts in different areas. At small scale, the light transmittance of spectrally selective solar cells devices, which focus different wavelengths on PV modules and plants, will be analyzed in order to obtain the best compromise between electricity production and photosynthesis. At medium and large scale, two greenhouses will be tested: (i) An experimental greenhouse (about 15 m2) equipped with different IoT sensors and innovative PV glasses technologies will monitor the growing environment together the energy production. (ii) Based on the results obtained in the medium scale greenhouse, some PV glasses will be used as envelope material for the renovation of a commercial-size greenhouse (about 100 m2). Both PV greenhouses will be located in a historic environment dating back to the XVIII century, the Botanical garden of Portici, which requires a careful approach to a correct integration with the landscape. Along the two years of the duration of the project is foreseen to finding the best compromise between functional characteristics (energy and food) and aesthetic ones, thus optimizing the integrated system showing the potential of innovative glasses for greenhouses.
- Published
- 2020
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7. The physiological mechanisms behind the earlywood-to-latewood transition: A process-based modeling approach
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Fabrizio Cartenì, Annie Deslauriers, Sergio Rossi, Hubert Morin, Veronica De Micco, Stefano Mazzoleni, Francesco Giannino, Cartenì, F, Deslauriers, A, Rossi, S, Morin, H, De Micco, V, Mazzoleni, S, and Giannino, F.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ecophysiology ,Plant Science ,lcsh:Plant culture ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,wood anatomy ,Botany ,Lignin ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Cambium ,Original Research ,sugar availability ,xylogenesis ,Cell Enlargement ,tree ring ,15. Life on land ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,carbon allocation ,Tracheid ,cell enlargement ,cell-wall thickening ,Deposition (chemistry) ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Cell wall thickening ,Woody plant - Abstract
In extratropical ecosystems, the growth of trees is cyclic, producing tree rings composed of large-lumen and thin-walled cells (earlywood) alternating with narrow-lumen and thick-walled cells (latewood). So far, the physiology behind wood formation processes and the associated kinetics has rarely been considered to explain this pattern. We developed a process-based mechanistic model that simulates the development of conifer tracheids, explicitly considering the processes of cell enlargement and the deposition and lignification of cell walls. The model assumes that (1) wall deposition gradually slows down cell enlargement and (2) the deposition of cellulose and lignin is regulated by the availability of soluble sugars. The model reliably reproduces the anatomical traits and kinetics of the tracheids of four conifer species. At the beginning of the growing season, low sugar availability in the cambium results in slow wall deposition that allows for a longer enlargement time; thus, large cells with thin walls (i.e., earlywood) are produced. In late summer and early autumn, high sugar availability produces narrower cells having thick cell walls (i.e., latewood). This modeling framework provides a mechanistic link between plant ecophysiology and wood phenology and significantly contributes to understanding the role of sugar availability during xylogenesis.
- Published
- 2018
8. Ring formation in clonal plants
- Author
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Adriano Stinca, Guido Incerti, Stefano Mazzoleni, Francesco Giannino, Fabrizio Cartenì, Giuliano Bonanomi, Bonanomi, G, Incerti, G, Stinca, A, Cartenì, F, Giannino, F, Mazzoleni, S., Bonanomi, Giuliano, G., Incerti, A., Stinca, F., Carten?, Giannino, Francesco, and Mazzoleni, Stefano
- Subjects
Litter autotoxicity ,SUCCESSION ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,Ring (chemistry) ,Competition (biology) ,CENTRAL DIEBACK ,Botany ,Vegetation pattern BUNCHGRASS ERAGROSTIS-CURVULA ,RHIZOME GROWTH ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common ,Competition ,Ecology ,MOUNT-FUJI ,fungi ,Litter decomposition ,food and beverages ,Species diversity ,Interspecific competition ,Plant ecology ,SOIL FEEDBACKS ,ERIOPHORUM-ANGUSTIFOLIUM ,Animal ecology ,Facilitation ,Soil-borne pathogens ,REYNOUTRIA-JAPONICA ,VEGETATION ,PATTERNS ,Species richness - Abstract
Ring shaped patches of clonal plants fascinated plant ecologists since long time. In this work we review the reports on the occurrence of ring pattern in different environmental conditions, the growth forms of ring-forming plants, the mecha- nisms underlying ring formation, and the consequences for species diversity at community scale. Rings formed by 83 species of clonal vascular plants have been found in grasslands, deserts, bare substrates of lava flow, harvested peat lands, salt marshes, and sand dunes. Four causal hypotheses have been proposed for the emergence of ring patterns: i. occurrence of architectural constraints for ramets development; ii. induction by fire, drought, trampling or overgrazing; iii. nutrient and water depletion by competition inside the ring; and iv. onset of species-specific negative plant-soil feedback in the inner zone of the clone. Since almost all the available studies are observations of ring structure or modelling exercises, none of the putative mechanisms for ring formation emerged from the literature as either generally applicable or suitable for rejection. Therefore, long-term field experiments are needed to investigate the relative prevalence of different mechanisms in different environments. Ring formation bears important consequences at community scale, because ring forming plants often act as “nurses”, enhancing the recruitment and development of different plant species. In fact, ring establishment modifies above- and below-ground environmental con- ditions, providing specialized safe sites for beneficiaries in the inner zone of the clones. Such interspecific facilitation by ring forming plants, particularly in chronically stressed environments, contributes to increase plant species richness and can locally promote the successional dynamics.
- Published
- 2014
9. Competition between evergreen and deciduous species along a latitudinal gradient: a processed-based approach
- Author
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HAY MELE, BRUNO, ARENA, CARMEN, MAZZOLENI, STEFANO, GIANNINO, FRANCESCO, F. Cartenì, Società Italiana di Ecologia, HAY MELE, Bruno, Arena, Carmen, Cartenì, F., Mazzoleni, Stefano, and Giannino, Francesco
- Subjects
deciduous plant ,ecological modelling ,evergreen plant ,climate ,competition - Published
- 2014
10. Concept maps for combining hard and soft system thinking in the management of socio-ecosystems
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Salerno F, Cuccillato E, Muetzelfeldt R, Bajracharya B, Caroli P, Viviano G, Staiano A, Tartari G., GIANNINO, FRANCESCO, CARTENI', FABRIZIO, MAZZOLENI, STEFANO, A. J. Cañas, P. Reiska, M. Åhlberg, J. D. Novak, Salerno, F., Cuccillato, E., Muetzelfeldt, R., Giannino, Francesco, Bajracharya, B., Caroli, P., Viviano, G., Staiano, A., Cartenì, F., Mazzoleni, Stefano, G., Tartari, Alberto J. Cañas, Priit Reis, Mauri K. Åhlbergka, Joseph D. Novak, Salerno, F, Cuccillato, E, Muetzelfeldt, R, Bajracharya, B, Caroli, P, Viviano, G, Staiano, A, Carteni', Fabrizio, and Tartari, G.
- Abstract
Despite the huge increase in the number of quantitative modeller studies undertaken, little attention in the literature has been given to the communication process among modellers, the researchers and local stakeholders. However, such communication is necessary to ensure that this research effort becomes a useful tool in the decision-making process. The work described here is based on the systems paradigm, and combines scientific environmental analysis and ecosystem modeller (the hard-system approach) with soft-system participatory processes. The development of concept maps is the main tool of the methodology proposed here: combining soft and hard approaches, concept maps are first developed with the involvement of local people and local experts and then used to guide the design of quantitative models. This paper discusses how concept maps and quantitative models were developed to capture the complexity of social and ecological systems in a declarative, systems oriented and user-friendly manner, assisting stakeholders to increase the knowledge of problems and make decisions. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methodology are discussed.
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- 2008
11. Testing the effect of semi-transparent spectrally selective thin film photovoltaics for agrivoltaic application: A multi-experimental and multi-specific approach.
- Author
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Zotti M, Mazzoleni S, Mercaldo LV, Della Noce M, Ferrara M, Veneri PD, Diano M, Esposito S, and Cartenì F
- Abstract
The integration of photovoltaic technologies within the agricultural framework, known as agrivoltaics, emerges as a promising and sustainable solution to meet the growing global demands for energy and food production. This innovative technology enables the simultaneous utilization of sunlight for both photovoltaics (PV) and photosynthesis. A key challenge in agrivoltaic research involves identifying technologies applicable to a wide range of plant species and diverse geographic regions. To address this challenge, we adopt a multi-experimental and multi-species approach to assess the viability of semi-transparent, spectrally selective thin-film silicon PV technology. Our findings demonstrate compatibility with crop production in controlled environments for both plants and algae. Notably, selective thin-film PV exhibits the potential to enhance crop yields and serves as a photo-protectant. We observe that plant and algal growth increases beneath the selective PV film when supplemented with appropriate diffuse light in the growth environment. Conversely, in situations where light intensity exceeds optimal levels for plant growth, the selective PV film provides a photo-protective effect. These results suggest potential supplementary benefits of employing this technology in regions characterized by excessive light irradiation, where it can contribute to healthy plant growth., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2024
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12. Extracellular DNA secreted in yeast cultures is metabolism-specific and inhibits cell proliferation.
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de Alteriis E, Incerti G, Cartenì F, Chiusano ML, Colantuono C, Palomba E, Termolino P, Monticolo F, Esposito A, Bonanomi G, Capparelli R, Iannaccone M, Foscari A, Landi C, Parascandola P, Sanchez M, Tirelli V, de Falco B, Lanzotti V, and Mazzoleni S
- Abstract
Extracellular DNA (exDNA) can be actively released by living cells and different putative functions have been attributed to it. Further, homologous exDNA has been reported to exert species-specific inhibitory effects on several organisms. Here, we demonstrate by different experimental evidence, including
1 H-NMR metabolomic fingerprint, that the growth rate decline in Saccharomyces cerevisiae fed-batch cultures is determined by the accumulation of exDNA in the medium. Sequencing of such secreted exDNA represents a portion of the entire genome, showing a great similarity with extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) already reported inside yeast cells. The recovered DNA molecules were mostly single strands and specifically associated to the yeast metabolism displayed during cell growth. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the observed growth inhibition by exDNA corresponded to an arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle. These unprecedented findings open a new scenario on the functional role of exDNA produced by living cells., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: SM, EdA, GI, FC, MLC, PT, GB, VL, following the discovery of self-DNA inhibition in plants and other organisms, founded the Noself srl company, owner of the patent WO2014020624A9. The patent includes a method for improving the production of microorganisms in bioreactors by removal of DNA inhibition from the culture medium. During the period of development of this research, the PhD grant of EP at the Zoological Station of Naples A. Dohrn has been co-financed by Noself srl. All the other authors have no competing interests., (Copyright: © 2023 de Alteriis et al.)- Published
- 2023
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13. Process based modelling of plants-fungus interactions explains fairy ring types and dynamics.
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Salvatori N, Moreno M, Zotti M, Iuorio A, Cartenì F, Bonanomi G, Mazzoleni S, and Giannino F
- Subjects
- Plants, Soil, Agaricales, Marasmius
- Abstract
Many mushroom-forming fungi can develop circular colonies affecting the vegetation in a phenomenon named fairy rings. Since the nineteenth century, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how fairy ring fungi form ring-like shapes instead of disks and why they produce negative or positive effects on the surrounding vegetation. In this context, we present a novel process-based mathematical model aimed at reproducing the mycelial spatial configuration of fairy rings and test different literature-supported hypotheses explaining the suppressive and stimulating effects of fungi on plants. Simulations successfully reproduced the shape of fairy rings through the accumulation of fungal self-inhibitory compounds. Moreover, regarding the negative effects of fungi on vegetation, results suggest that fungal-induced soil hydrophobicity is sufficient to reproduce all observed types of fairy rings, while the potential production of phytotoxins is not. In relation to the positive effects of fungi on plants, results show that the release of phytostimulants is needed to reproduce the vegetation patterns associated to some fairy ring types. Model outputs can guide future experiments and field work to corroborate the considered hypotheses and provide more information for further model improvements., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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14. PhenoCaB: a new phenological model based on carbon balance in boreal conifers.
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Cartenì F, Balducci L, Dupont A, Salucci E, Néron V, Mazzoleni S, and Deslauriers A
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- Carbon, Climate, Plants, Seasons, Trees, Tracheophyta, Picea
- Abstract
Traditional phenological models use chilling and thermal forcing (temperature sum or degree-days) to predict budbreak. Because of the heightening impact of climate and other related biotic or abiotic stressors, a model with greater biological support is needed to better predict budbreak. Here, we present an original mechanistic model based on the physiological processes taking place before and during budbreak of conifers. As a general principle, we assume that phenology is driven by the carbon status of the plant, which is closely related to environmental variables and the annual cycle of dormancy-activity. The carbon balance of a branch was modelled from autumn to winter with cold acclimation and dormancy and from winter to spring when deacclimation and growth resumption occur. After being calibrated in a field experiment, the model was validated across a large area (> 34 000 km
2 ), covering multiple conifers stands in Québec (Canada) and across heated plots for the SPRUCE experiment in Minnesota (USA). The model accurately predicted the observed dates of budbreak in both Québec (±3.98 d) and Minnesota (±7.98 d). The site-independent calibration provides interesting insights on the physiological mechanisms underlying the dynamics of dormancy break and the resumption of vegetative growth in spring., (© 2023 The Authors New Phytologist © 2023 New Phytologist Foundation.)- Published
- 2023
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15. Adult conspecific density affects Janzen-Connell patterns by modulating the recruitment exclusion zones.
- Author
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Bonanomi G, Bobrovskikh A, Cartenì F, Mazzoleni S, and Giannino F
- Abstract
Plant-soil negative feedback (NF) is a well-established phenomenon that, by preventing the dominance of a single species, allows species coexistence and promotes the maintenance of biodiversity. At community scale, localized NF may cause the formation of exclusion zones under adult conspecifics leading to Janzen-Connell (JC) distribution. In this study, we explore the connection between adult density, either conspecifics or heterospecifics, on the probability of occurrence of JC distributions. Using an individual-based modelling approach, we simulated the formation of exclusion zones due to the build-up of NF in proximity of conspecific adult plants and assessed the frequency of JC distribution in relation to conspecifics and heterospecifics density ranging from isolated trees to closed forest stands. We found that JC recruitment distribution is very common in the case of an isolated tree when NF was strong and capable to form an exclusion zone under the parent tree. At very low NF intensity, a prevalence of the decreasing pattern was observed because, under such conditions, the inhibitory effect due to the presence of the mother tree was unable to overcome the clustering effect of the seed dispersal kernel. However, if NF is strong the JC frequency suddenly decreases in stands with a continuous conspecific cover likely as a result of progressive expansion of the exclusion zone surrounding all trees in closed forest stands. Finally, our simulations showed that JC distribution should not be frequent in the case of rare species immersed in a matrix of heterospecific adults. Overall, the model shows that a plant suffering from strong NF in monospecific stands can rarely exhibit a recruitment pattern fitting the JC model. Such counterintuitive results would provide the means to reconcile the well-established NF framework with part the forest ecologists' community that is still skeptical towards the JC model., Synthesis: Our model highlights the complex interconnection between NF intensity, stand density, and recruitment patterns explaining where and why the JC distribution occurs. Moreover, predicting the occurrence of JC in relation to stand density we clarify the relevance of this ecological phenomenon for future integration in plant community frameworks., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Bonanomi, Bobrovskikh, Cartenì, Mazzoleni and Giannino.)
- Published
- 2023
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16. Self-DNA Exposure Induces Developmental Defects and Germline DNA Damage Response in Caenorhabditis elegans .
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Germoglio M, Adamo A, Incerti G, Cartenì F, Gigliotti S, Storlazzi A, and Mazzoleni S
- Abstract
All organisms, from bacteria to mammals, sense and respond to foreign nucleic acids to fight infections in order to survive and preserve genome integrity across generations. The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved defence strategy. Complex organisms have developed various cellular processes to respond to and recognise not only infections, i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), but also to sense injury and tissue dysfunctions, i.e., damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mis-localized self-DNA can be sensed as DAMP by specific DNA-sensing pathways, and self-DNA chronic exposure can be detrimental to the organisms. Here, we investigate the effects of dietary delivered self-DNA in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . The hermaphrodite worms were fed on Escherichia coli genomic libraries: a C. elegans library (self) and a legume ( Medicago truncatula ) library (non-self). We show that the self-library diet affects embryogenesis, larval development and gametogenesis. DNA damage and activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent apoptosis occur in gonadal germ cells. Studies of self-DNA exposure in this model organism were not pursued up to now. The genetic tractability of C. elegans will help to identify the basic molecular pathways involved in such mechanisms. The specificity of the adverse effects associated with a self-DNA enriched diet suggests applications in biological pest control approaches.
- Published
- 2022
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17. A Sight on Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Plants Through the Prism of Cell-Based Computational Modeling Approaches: Benefits and Challenges for Data Analysis.
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Bobrovskikh A, Doroshkov A, Mazzoleni S, Cartenì F, Giannino F, and Zubairova U
- Abstract
Single-cell technology is a relatively new and promising way to obtain high-resolution transcriptomic data mostly used for animals during the last decade. However, several scientific groups developed and applied the protocols for some plant tissues. Together with deeply-developed cell-resolution imaging techniques, this achievement opens up new horizons for studying the complex mechanisms of plant tissue architecture formation. While the opportunities for integrating data from transcriptomic to morphogenetic levels in a unified system still present several difficulties, plant tissues have some additional peculiarities. One of the plants' features is that cell-to-cell communication topology through plasmodesmata forms during tissue growth and morphogenesis and results in mutual regulation of expression between neighboring cells affecting internal processes and cell domain development. Undoubtedly, we must take this fact into account when analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data. Cell-based computational modeling approaches successfully used in plant morphogenesis studies promise to be an efficient way to summarize such novel multiscale data. The inverse problem's solutions for these models computed on the real tissue templates can shed light on the restoration of individual cells' spatial localization in the initial plant organ-one of the most ambiguous and challenging stages in single-cell transcriptomic data analysis. This review summarizes new opportunities for advanced plant morphogenesis models, which become possible thanks to single-cell transcriptome data. Besides, we show the prospects of microscopy and cell-resolution imaging techniques to solve several spatial problems in single-cell transcriptomic data analysis and enhance the hybrid modeling framework opportunities., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Bobrovskikh, Doroshkov, Mazzoleni, Cartenì, Giannino and Zubairova.)
- Published
- 2021
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18. Phenological shifts in conifer species stressed by spruce budworm defoliation.
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Deslauriers A, Fournier MP, Cartenì F, and Mackay J
- Subjects
- Abies parasitology, Animals, Carbon metabolism, Larva, Phenotype, Picea parasitology, Plant Leaves parasitology, Plant Leaves physiology, Seasons, Starch metabolism, Stress, Physiological, Tracheophyta parasitology, Trees, Abies physiology, Host-Parasite Interactions, Moths physiology, Picea physiology, Plant Diseases parasitology, Tracheophyta physiology
- Abstract
Synchrony between host budburst and insect emergence greatly influences the time window for insect development and survival. A few alterations of bud phenology have been reported under defoliation without clear consensus regarding the direction of effects, i.e., advance or delay. Here, we compared budburst phenology between conifers in defoliation and control treatments, and measured carbon allocation as a potential mechanistic explanation of changes in phenology. In a 2-year greenhouse experiment, saplings of balsam fir, black spruce and white spruce of two different provenances (north and south) were subjected to either control (no larvae) or natural defoliation treatment (larvae added) by spruce budworm. Bud and instar phenology, primary and secondary growth, defoliation and non-structural carbohydrates were studied during the growing season. No differences were observed in bud phenology during the first year of defoliation. After 1 year of defoliation, bud phenology advanced by 6-7 days in black spruce and balsam fir and by 3.5 days in white spruce compared with the control. Because of this earlier bud break, apical and shoot growth exceeded 50% of its final length before mature instar defoliation occurred, which decreased the overall level of damage. A sugar-mediated response, via earlier starch breakdown, and higher sugar availability to buds explains the advanced budburst in defoliated saplings. The advanced phenological response to defoliation was consistent across the conifer species and provenances except for one species × provenance combination. Allocation of carbon to buds and shoots growth at the expense of wood growth in the stem and reserve accumulation represents a shift in the physiological resources priorities to ensure tree survival. This advancement in bud phenology could be considered as a physiological response to defoliation based on carbohydrate needs for primary growth, rather than a resistance trait to spruce budworm., (© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
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19. The Physiological Mechanisms Behind the Earlywood-To-Latewood Transition: A Process-Based Modeling Approach.
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Cartenì F, Deslauriers A, Rossi S, Morin H, De Micco V, Mazzoleni S, and Giannino F
- Abstract
In extratropical ecosystems, the growth of trees is cyclic, producing tree rings composed of large-lumen and thin-walled cells (earlywood) alternating with narrow-lumen and thick-walled cells (latewood). So far, the physiology behind wood formation processes and the associated kinetics has rarely been considered to explain this pattern. We developed a process-based mechanistic model that simulates the development of conifer tracheids, explicitly considering the processes of cell enlargement and the deposition and lignification of cell walls. The model assumes that (1) wall deposition gradually slows down cell enlargement and (2) the deposition of cellulose and lignin is regulated by the availability of soluble sugars. The model reliably reproduces the anatomical traits and kinetics of the tracheids of four conifer species. At the beginning of the growing season, low sugar availability in the cambium results in slow wall deposition that allows for a longer enlargement time; thus, large cells with thin walls (i.e., earlywood) are produced. In late summer and early autumn, high sugar availability produces narrower cells having thick cell walls (i.e., latewood). This modeling framework provides a mechanistic link between plant ecophysiology and wood phenology and significantly contributes to understanding the role of sugar availability during xylogenesis.
- Published
- 2018
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20. Faster N Release, but Not C Loss, From Leaf Litter of Invasives Compared to Native Species in Mediterranean Ecosystems.
- Author
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Incerti G, Cartenì F, Cesarano G, Sarker TC, Abd El-Gawad AM, D'Ascoli R, Bonanomi G, and Giannino F
- Abstract
Plant invasions can have relevant impacts on biogeochemical cycles, whose extent, in Mediterranean ecosystems, have not yet been systematically assessed comparing litter carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics between invasive plants and native communities. We carried out a 1-year litterbag experiment in 4 different plant communities (grassland, sand dune, riparian and mixed forests) on 8 invasives and 24 autochthonous plant species, used as control. Plant litter was characterized for mass loss, N release, proximate lignin and litter chemistry by
13 C CPMAS NMR. Native and invasive species showed significant differences in litter chemical traits, with invaders generally showing higher N concentration and lower lignin/N ratio. Mass loss data revealed no consistent differences between native and invasive species, although some woody and vine invaders showed exceptionally high decomposition rate. In contrast, N release rate from litter was faster for invasive plants compared to native species. N concentration, lignin content and relative abundance of methoxyl and N-alkyl C region from13 C CPMAS NMR spectra were the parameters that better explained mass loss and N mineralization rates. Our findings demonstrate that during litter decomposition invasive species litter has no different decomposition rates but greater N release rate compared to natives. Accordingly, invasives are expected to affect N cycle in Mediterranean plant communities, possibly promoting a shift of plant assemblages.- Published
- 2018
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21. Revisiting the Crabtree/Warburg effect in a dynamic perspective: a fitness advantage against sugar-induced cell death.
- Author
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de Alteriis E, Cartenì F, Parascandola P, Serpa J, and Mazzoleni S
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Glycolysis, Humans, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Apoptosis drug effects, Saccharomyces cerevisiae drug effects, Sugars pharmacology
- Abstract
The mechanisms behind the Warburg effect in mammalian cells, as well as for the similar Crabtree effect in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are still a matter of debate: why do cells shift from the energy-efficient respiration to the energy-inefficient fermentation at high sugar concentration? This review reports on the strong similarities of these phenomena in both cell types, discusses the current ideas, and provides a novel interpretation of their common functional mechanism in a dynamic perspective. This is achieved by analysing another phenomenon, the sugar-induced-cell-death (SICD) occurring in yeast at high sugar concentration, to highlight the link between ATP depletion and cell death. The integration between SICD and the dynamic functioning of the glycolytic process, suggests that the Crabtree/Warburg effect may be interpreted as the avoidance of ATP depletion in those conditions where glucose uptake is higher than the downstream processing capability of the second phase of glycolysis. It follows that the down-regulation of respiration is strategic for cell survival allowing the allocation of more resources to the fermentation pathway, thus maintaining the cell energetic homeostasis.
- Published
- 2018
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22. Self-DNA inhibitory effects: Underlying mechanisms and ecological implications.
- Author
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Cartenì F, Bonanomi G, Giannino F, Incerti G, Vincenot CE, Chiusano ML, and Mazzoleni S
- Subjects
- Feedback, Plants metabolism, Soil, DNA, Plant metabolism, Ecosystem
- Abstract
DNA is usually known as the molecule that carries the instructions necessary for cell functioning and genetic inheritance. A recent discovery reported a new functional role for extracellular DNA. After fragmentation, either by natural or artificial decomposition, small DNA molecules (between ∼50 and ∼2000 bp) exert a species specific inhibitory effect on individuals of the same species. Evidence shows that such effect occurs for a wide range of organisms, suggesting a general biological process. In this paper we explore the possible molecular mechanisms behind those findings and discuss the ecological implications, specifically those related to plant species coexistence.
- Published
- 2016
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23. A novel process-based model of microbial growth: self-inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aerobic fed-batch cultures.
- Author
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Mazzoleni S, Landi C, Cartenì F, de Alteriis E, Giannino F, Paciello L, and Parascandola P
- Subjects
- Aerobiosis, Bioreactors microbiology, Ethanol metabolism, Fermentation, Glucose metabolism, Kinetics, Models, Biological, Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemistry, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Batch Cell Culture Techniques methods, Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth & development
- Abstract
Background: Microbial population dynamics in bioreactors depend on both nutrients availability and changes in the growth environment. Research is still ongoing on the optimization of bioreactor yields focusing on the increase of the maximum achievable cell density., Results: A new process-based model is proposed to describe the aerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured on glucose as carbon and energy source. The model considers the main metabolic routes of glucose assimilation (fermentation to ethanol and respiration) and the occurrence of inhibition due to the accumulation of both ethanol and other self-produced toxic compounds in the medium. Model simulations reproduced data from classic and new experiments of yeast growth in batch and fed-batch cultures. Model and experimental results showed that the growth decline observed in prolonged fed-batch cultures had to be ascribed to self-produced inhibitory compounds other than ethanol., Conclusions: The presented results clarify the dynamics of microbial growth under different feeding conditions and highlight the relevance of the negative feedback by self-produced inhibitory compounds on the maximum cell densities achieved in a bioreactor.
- Published
- 2015
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24. Inhibitory effects of extracellular self-DNA: a general biological process?
- Author
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Mazzoleni S, Cartenì F, Bonanomi G, Senatore M, Termolino P, Giannino F, Incerti G, Rietkerk M, Lanzotti V, and Chiusano ML
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacillus subtilis drug effects, Bacillus subtilis growth & development, Ecosystem, Extracellular Space genetics, Physarum polycephalum drug effects, Physarum polycephalum growth & development, Sarcophagidae growth & development, Scenedesmus drug effects, Scenedesmus growth & development, Soil, Species Specificity, Trichoderma drug effects, Trichoderma growth & development, Arabidopsis genetics, DNA pharmacology, Plants drug effects, Sarcophagidae drug effects
- Abstract
Self-inhibition of growth has been observed in different organisms, but an underlying common mechanism has not been proposed so far. Recently, extracellular DNA (exDNA) has been reported as species-specific growth inhibitor in plants and proposed as an explanation of negative plant-soil feedback. In this work the effect of exDNA was tested on different species to assess the occurrence of such inhibition in organisms other than plants. Bioassays were performed on six species of different taxonomic groups, including bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, protozoa and insects. Treatments consisted in the addition to the growth substrate of conspecific and heterologous DNA at different concentration levels. Results showed that treatments with conspecific DNA always produced a concentration dependent growth inhibition, which instead was not observed in the case of heterologous DNA. Reported evidence suggests the generality of the observed phenomenon which opens new perspectives in the context of self-inhibition processes. Moreover, the existence of a general species-specific biological effect of exDNA raises interesting questions on its possible involvement in self-recognition mechanisms. Further investigation at molecular level will be required to unravel the specific functioning of the observed inhibitory effects., (© 2015 The Authors New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.)
- Published
- 2015
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25. Inhibitory and toxic effects of extracellular self-DNA in litter: a mechanism for negative plant-soil feedbacks?
- Author
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Mazzoleni S, Bonanomi G, Incerti G, Chiusano ML, Termolino P, Mingo A, Senatore M, Giannino F, Cartenì F, Rietkerk M, and Lanzotti V
- Subjects
- Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Hydrogen metabolism, Laboratories, Linear Models, Medicago metabolism, Models, Biological, Plant Roots growth & development, Species Specificity, DNA, Plant toxicity, Extracellular Space chemistry, Feedback, Physiological, Plant Leaves chemistry, Soil chemistry
- Abstract
Plant-soil negative feedback (NF) is recognized as an important factor affecting plant communities. The objectives of this work were to assess the effects of litter phytotoxicity and autotoxicity on root proliferation, and to test the hypothesis that DNA is a driver of litter autotoxicity and plant-soil NF. The inhibitory effect of decomposed litter was studied in different bioassays. Litter biochemical changes were evaluated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. DNA accumulation in litter and soil was measured and DNA toxicity was assessed in laboratory experiments. Undecomposed litter caused nonspecific inhibition of root growth, while autotoxicity was produced by aged litter. The addition of activated carbon (AC) removed phytotoxicity, but was ineffective against autotoxicity. Phytotoxicity was related to known labile allelopathic compounds. Restricted (13) C NMR signals related to nucleic acids were the only ones negatively correlated with root growth on conspecific substrates. DNA accumulation was observed in both litter decomposition and soil history experiments. Extracted total DNA showed evident species-specific toxicity. Results indicate a general occurrence of litter autotoxicity related to the exposure to fragmented self-DNA. The evidence also suggests the involvement of accumulated extracellular DNA in plant-soil NF. Further studies are needed to further investigate this unexpected function of extracellular DNA at the ecosystem level and related cellular and molecular mechanisms., (© 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.)
- Published
- 2015
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26. Modelling the development and arrangement of the primary vascular structure in plants.
- Author
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Cartenì F, Giannino F, Schweingruber FH, and Mazzoleni S
- Subjects
- Cell Differentiation, Computer Simulation, Meristem anatomy & histology, Meristem genetics, Meristem growth & development, Phloem anatomy & histology, Phloem genetics, Phloem growth & development, Plant Vascular Bundle anatomy & histology, Plant Vascular Bundle genetics, Plants genetics, Signal Transduction, Xylem anatomy & histology, Xylem genetics, Xylem growth & development, Models, Biological, Plant Development, Plant Vascular Bundle growth & development, Plants anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Background and Aims: The process of vascular development in plants results in the formation of a specific array of bundles that run throughout the plant in a characteristic spatial arrangement. Although much is known about the genes involved in the specification of procambium, phloem and xylem, the dynamic processes and interactions that define the development of the radial arrangement of such tissues remain elusive., Methods: This study presents a spatially explicit reaction-diffusion model defining a set of logical and functional rules to simulate the differentiation of procambium, phloem and xylem and their spatial patterns, starting from a homogeneous group of undifferentiated cells., Key Results: Simulation results showed that the model is capable of reproducing most vascular patterns observed in plants, from primitive and simple structures made up of a single strand of vascular bundles (protostele), to more complex and evolved structures, with separated vascular bundles arranged in an ordered pattern within the plant section (e.g. eustele)., Conclusions: The results presented demonstrate, as a proof of concept, that a common genetic-molecular machinery can be the basis of different spatial patterns of plant vascular development. Moreover, the model has the potential to become a useful tool to test different hypotheses of genetic and molecular interactions involved in the specification of vascular tissues.
- Published
- 2014
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27. Negative plant soil feedback explaining ring formation in clonal plants.
- Author
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Cartenì F, Marasco A, Bonanomi G, Mazzoleni S, Rietkerk M, and Giannino F
- Subjects
- Biomass, Clone Cells, Computer Simulation, Ecosystem, Models, Biological, Feedback, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants anatomy & histology, Soil
- Abstract
Ring shaped patches of clonal plants have been reported in different environments, but the mechanisms underlying such pattern formation are still poorly explained. Water depletion in the inner tussocks zone has been proposed as a possible cause, although ring patterns have been also observed in ecosystems without limiting water conditions. In this work, a spatially explicit model is presented in order to investigate the role of negative plant-soil feedback as an additional explanation for ring formation. The model describes the dynamics of the plant biomass in the presence of toxicity produced by the decomposition of accumulated litter in the soil. Our model qualitatively reproduces the emergence of ring patterns of a single clonal plant species during colonisation of a bare substrate. The model admits two homogeneous stationary solutions representing bare soil and uniform vegetation cover which depend only on the ratio between the biomass death and growth rates. Moreover, differently from other plant spatial patterns models, but in agreement with real field observations of vegetation dynamics, we demonstrated that the pattern dynamics always lead to spatially homogeneous vegetation covers without creation of stable Turing patterns. Analytical results show that ring formation is a function of two main components, the plant specific susceptibility to toxic compounds released in the soil by the accumulated litter and the decay rate of these same compounds, depending on environmental conditions. These components act at the same time and their respective intensities can give rise to the different ring structures observed in nature, ranging from slight reductions of biomass in patch centres, to the appearance of marked rings with bare inner zones, as well as the occurrence of ephemeral waves of plant cover. Our results highlight the potential role of plant-soil negative feedback depending on decomposition processes for the development of transient vegetation patterns., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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