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3. The language of antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance is blocking global collective action

Author

Karvanen, Matti, Cars, Otto, Karvanen, Matti, and Cars, Otto

Abstract

Sustainable access to effective antibiotics is a foundational need for functioning health care that is increasingly threatened by antibiotic resistance. Although resistance has been known as long as antibiotics have been in clinical use, there are still multiple gaps in the global and local responses. One often cited cause for this complacency is the language that is used to describe the problem and its consequences. In this paper, we survey some examples of the current discussions around antibiotic resistance and seek to offer a path towards unified and understandable messaging that is relevant both to the public and policymakers by using narratives that highlight the individual and societal consequences of antibiotic resistance. Major shortcomings in the current language that hamper both the understanding of antibiotic resistance and needed behaviour change have been identified in scientific papers and special reports. These shortcomings range from terminology that is difficult to understand, through a lack of personal relevance, to a fragmented response in the policy field. We propose that scientists, including behaviour change experts, and other key stakeholders that are engaged in the issue take lead to agreement on the core scientific facts and to formulate a vision that can be a foundation for creation of consistent global narratives. These narratives must in turn be adapted to local contexts. Development of such narratives should be viewed as an essential component in national action plans on AMR to raise awareness, empower citizens and incentivise societal behaviour change, policy development and implementation of governance structures.

Published
2024
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4. Transferable exclusivity voucher : a flawed incentive to stimulate antibiotic innovation

Author

Årdal, Christine, Baraldi, Enrico, Busse, Reinhard, Castro, Rosa, Ciabuschi, Francesco, Cisneros, José Miguel, Gyssens, Inge C, Harbarth, Stephan, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Lacotte, Yohann, Magrini, Nicola, McDonnell, Anthony, Monnier, Annelie A, Moon, Suerie, Mossialos, Elias, Peñalva, Germán, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, Radulović, Momir, Ruiz, Adrián Alonso, Røttingen, John-Arne, Sharland, Michael, Tacconelli, Evelina, Theuretzbacher, Ursula, Vogler, Sabine, Sönksen, Ute Wolff, Åkerfeldt, Kerstin, Cars, Otto, O'Neill, Jim, Årdal, Christine, Baraldi, Enrico, Busse, Reinhard, Castro, Rosa, Ciabuschi, Francesco, Cisneros, José Miguel, Gyssens, Inge C, Harbarth, Stephan, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Lacotte, Yohann, Magrini, Nicola, McDonnell, Anthony, Monnier, Annelie A, Moon, Suerie, Mossialos, Elias, Peñalva, Germán, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, Radulović, Momir, Ruiz, Adrián Alonso, Røttingen, John-Arne, Sharland, Michael, Tacconelli, Evelina, Theuretzbacher, Ursula, Vogler, Sabine, Sönksen, Ute Wolff, Åkerfeldt, Kerstin, Cars, Otto, and O'Neill, Jim

Published
2024
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5. Transferable exclusivity voucher: a flawed incentive to stimulate antibiotic innovation

Author

Cisneros, José Miguel [0000-0001-5001-672X], Peñalva-Moreno, Germán [0000-0001-6986-6230], Årdal, Christine, Baraldi, Enrico, Busse, Reinhard, Castro, Rosa, Ciabuschi, Francesco, Cisneros, José Miguel, Gyssens, Inge C., Harbarth, Stephan, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Lacotte, Yohann, Magrini, Nicola, McDonnell, Anthony, Monnier, Annelie A., Moon, Suerie, Mossialos, Elias, Peñalva-Moreno, Germán, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, Radulović, Momir, Alonso Ruiz, Adrián, Røttingen, John-Arne, Sharland, Michael, Tacconelli, Evelina, Theuretzbacher, Ursula, Vogler, Sabine, Sönksen, Ute Wolff, Åkerfeldt, Kerstin, Cars, Otto, O'Neill, Jim, Cisneros, José Miguel [0000-0001-5001-672X], Peñalva-Moreno, Germán [0000-0001-6986-6230], Årdal, Christine, Baraldi, Enrico, Busse, Reinhard, Castro, Rosa, Ciabuschi, Francesco, Cisneros, José Miguel, Gyssens, Inge C., Harbarth, Stephan, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Lacotte, Yohann, Magrini, Nicola, McDonnell, Anthony, Monnier, Annelie A., Moon, Suerie, Mossialos, Elias, Peñalva-Moreno, Germán, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, Radulović, Momir, Alonso Ruiz, Adrián, Røttingen, John-Arne, Sharland, Michael, Tacconelli, Evelina, Theuretzbacher, Ursula, Vogler, Sabine, Sönksen, Ute Wolff, Åkerfeldt, Kerstin, Cars, Otto, and O'Neill, Jim

Published
2024

6. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis

Author

Aboderin, Aaron Oladipo, Al-Abri, Seif Salem, Awang Jalil, Nordiah, Benzonana, Nur, Bhattacharya, Sanjay, Brink, Adrian John, Burkert, Francesco Robert, Cars, Otto, Cornaglia, Giuseppe, Dyar, Oliver James, Friedrich, Alex W, Gales, Ana C, Gandra, Sumanth, Giske, Christian Georg, Goff, Debra A, Goossens, Herman, Gottlieb, Thomas, Guzman Blanco, Manuel, Hryniewicz, Waleria, Kattula, Deepthi, Jinks, Timothy, Kanj, Souha S, Kerr, Lawrence, Kieny, Marie-Paule, Kim, Yang Soo, Kozlov, Roman S, Labarca, Jaime, Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Leder, Karin, Leibovici, Leonard, Levy-Hara, Gabriel, Littman, Jasper, Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi, Manchanda, Vikas, Moja, Lorenzo, Ndoye, Babacar, Pan, Angelo, Paterson, David L, Paul, Mical, Qiu, Haibo, Ramon-Pardo, Pilar, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sengupta, Sharmila, Sharland, Mike, Si-Mehand, Massinissa, Silver, Lynn L, Song, Wonkeung, Steinbakk, Martin, Thomsen, Jens, Thwaites, Guy E, van der Meer, Jos WM, Van Kinh, Nguyen, Vega, Silvio, Villegas, Maria Virginia, Wechsler-Fördös, Agnes, Wertheim, Heiman Frank Louis, Wesangula, Evelyn, Woodford, Neil, Yilmaz, Fidan O, Zorzet, Anna, Tacconelli, Evelina, Carrara, Elena, Savoldi, Alessia, Harbarth, Stephan, Mendelson, Marc, Monnet, Dominique L, Pulcini, Céline, Kahlmeter, Gunnar, Kluytmans, Jan, Carmeli, Yehuda, Ouellette, Marc, Outterson, Kevin, Patel, Jean, Cavaleri, Marco, Cox, Edward M, Houchens, Chris R, Grayson, M Lindsay, Hansen, Paul, Singh, Nalini, Theuretzbacher, Ursula, and Magrini, Nicola

Published
2018
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7. Transferable exclusivity voucher: a flawed incentive to stimulate antibiotic innovation

Author

Årdal, Christine, primary, Baraldi, Enrico, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Castro, Rosa, additional, Ciabuschi, Francesco, additional, Cisneros, José Miguel, additional, Gyssens, Inge C, additional, Harbarth, Stephan, additional, Kostyanev, Tomislav, additional, Lacotte, Yohann, additional, Magrini, Nicola, additional, McDonnell, Anthony, additional, Monnier, Annelie A, additional, Moon, Suerie, additional, Mossialos, Elias, additional, Peñalva, Germán, additional, Ploy, Marie-Cécile, additional, Radulović, Momir, additional, Ruiz, Adrián Alonso, additional, Røttingen, John-Arne, additional, Sharland, Michael, additional, Tacconelli, Evelina, additional, Theuretzbacher, Ursula, additional, Vogler, Sabine, additional, Sönksen, Ute Wolff, additional, Åkerfeldt, Kerstin, additional, Cars, Otto, additional, and O'Neill, Jim, additional

Published
2023
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8. Lessons learnt during 20 years of the Swedish strategic programme against antibiotic resistance/Programme strategique suedois contre la resistance aux antibiotiques--20 annees d'enseignements/Las lecciones aprendidas en 20 anos del programa estrategico sueco contra la resistencia a los antibioticos

Author

Molstad, Sigvard, Lofmark, Sonja, Carlin, Karin, Erntell, Mats, Aspevall, Olov, Blad, Lars, Hanberger, Hakan, Hedin, Katarina, Hellman, Jenny, Norman, Christer, Skoog, Gunilla, Stalsby-Lundborg, Cecilia, Wisell, Karin Tegmark, Ahren, Christina, and Cars, Otto

Subjects
Disease transmission -- Development and progression -- Usage -- Health aspects, Microbial drug resistance -- Development and progression -- Usage -- Health aspects, Decision making -- Usage -- Health aspects, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Increasing use of antibiotics and rising levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics are a challenge to global health and development. Successful initiatives for containing the problem need to be communicated and disseminated. In Sweden, a rapid spread of resistant pneumococci in the southern part of the country triggered the formation of the Swedish strategic programme against antibiotic resistance, also known as Strama, in 1995. The creation of the programme was an important starting point for long-term coordinated efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance in the country. This paper describes the main strategies of the programme: committed work at the local and national levels; monitoring of antibiotic use for informed decision-making; a national target for antibiotic prescriptions; surveillance of antibiotic resistance for local, national and global action; tracking resistance trends; infection control to limit spread of resistance; and communication to raise awareness for action and behavioural change. A key element for achieving long-term changes has been the bottom-up approach, including working closely with prescribers at the local level. The work described here and the lessons learnt could inform countries implementing their own national action plans against antibiotic resistance. L'utilisation croissante d'antibiotiques et l'augmentation de la resistance bacterienne aux antibiotiques constituent un defi pour le developpement et la sante mondiaux. Il est necessaire de communiquer et de diffuser les Initiatives qui parviennent a contenir ce probleme. En Suede, la propagation rapide de pneumocoques resistants dans le sud du pays en 1995 a conduit a la formation du Programme strategique suedois contre la resistance aux antibiotiques, egalement connu sous le nom de Strama. La creation de ce programme a ete un point de depart important pour coordonner des efforts sur le long terme afin de lutter contre la resistance aux antibiotiques dans le pays. Cet article decrit les principales strategies du programme: engagement aux niveaux local et national; suivi de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques afin de prendre des decisions en connaissance de cause; objectif national de prescription d'antibiotiques; surveillance de la resistance aux antibiotiques pour agir au niveau local, national et mondial; observation des tendances de. resistance; lutte contre les infections afin de limiter la progression de la resistance; communication afin d'Inciter a l'action et au changement des comportements. L'adoption d'une demarche ascendante a ete un element cle pour favoriser les changements a long terme, notamment la collaboration etroite avec les prescripteurs au niveau local. Le travail qui est decrit ici et les enseignements tires pourraient aider les pays a mettre en oeuvre leur propre plan d'action national contre la resistance aux antibiotiques. El creciente uso de antibioticos y el aumento de los niveles de resistencia bacteriana a los antibioticos son un desafio para la salud y el desarrollo mundiales. Es necesario comunicar y difundir iniciativas de exito para contener el problema. En Suecia, una rapida propagacion de neumococos resistentes en el sur del pais desencadeno la formacion del programa estrategico sueco contra la resistencia a los antibioticos, tambien conocido como Strama, en 1995. La creacion del programa fue un importante punto de partida de los esfuerzos coordinados a largo plazo para combatir la resistencia a los antibioticos en el pais. En este articulo se describen las principales estrategias del programa: labores dedicadas a nivel local y nacional, supervision del uso de antibioticos para tomar decisiones fundamentadas, un objetivo nacional para las recetas de antibioticos, vigilancia de la resistencia a los antibioticos para la accion local, nacional y global; seguimiento de las tendencias de resistencia, control de las infecciones para reducir la propagacion de la resistencia y comunicacion para sensibilizar sobre las medidas y el cambio de comportamiento. Un elemento clave para conseguir cambios a largo plazo ha sido en enfoque ascendente, que Incluye trabajar estrechamente con los medicos a nivel local. El trabajo aqui descrito y las lecciones aprendidas podrian ofrecer Informacion a los paises que implementan sus propios planes de medidas nacionales contra la resistencia a los antibioticos, Introduction The high global use of antibiotics, the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the lack of new, effective antibiotics has led to an imminent threat to health systems and [...]

Published
2017
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9. Equitable Access to Antibiotics: A Core Element and Shared Global Responsibility for Pandemic Preparedness and Response

Author

Ren, Mengying, So, Anthony D., Chandy, Sujith J., Mpundu, Mirfin, Peralta, Arturo Quizhpe, Åkerfeldt, Kerstin, Sjöblom, Anna Karin, and Cars, Otto

Subjects
Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Issues, ethics and legal aspects, Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance, Health Policy, Pandemic Instrument, Equitable Access, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy, General Medicine, Health System
Abstract

Securing equitable antibiotic access as an essential component for health system resilience and pandemic preparedness requires a systems perspective. This article discusses key components that need to be coordinated and paired with adequate financing and resources to ensure antibiotic effectiveness as a global public good, which should be central while discussing a new global agreement.

Published
2022

11. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions

Author

Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Duse, Adriano, Wattal, Chand, Zaidi, Anita K M, Wertheim, Heiman F L, Sumpradit, Nithima, Vlieghe, Erika, Hara, Gabriel Levy, Gould, Ian M, Goossens, Herman, Greko, Christina, So, Anthony D, Bigdeli, Maryam, Tomson, Göran, Woodhouse, Will, Ombaka, Eva, Peralta, Arturo Quizhpe, Qamar, Farah Naz, Mir, Fatima, Kariuki, Sam, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Coates, Anthony, Bergstrom, Richard, Wright, Gerard D, Brown, Eric D, and Cars, Otto

Published
2013
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18. Antibiotic research and development: business as usual?

Author

Harbarth, S., Theuretzbacher, U., Hackett, J., Adriaenssens, Niels, Anderson, James, Antonisse, Ad, Årdal, Christine, Baillon-Plot, Nathalie, Baraldi, Enrico, Bettiol, Esther, Bhatti, Taimur, Bradshaw, David, Brown, Nicholas, Carmeli, Yehuda, Cars, Otto, Charbonneau, Claudie, Cheng, Sue, Ciabuschi, Francesco, Cirino, Joseph, Clift, Charles, Colson, Abby, Dane, Aaron, De-Lima, Natalie, Dooa, Mindy, Drabik, Dusan, Eisenstein, Barry, Farquhar, Ronald, Fidan, Dogan, Findlay, David, Galli, Frederic, Gilchrist, Kim, Gilman, Steve, Goeschl, Timo, Goodall, Jonathan, Goossens, Herman, Gouglas, Dimitrios, Guise, Tracey, Gyssens, Inge, Hallerbäck, Peter, Heymann, David, Hoffman, Steven, Howell, Jenny, Hulscher, Marlies, Hunt, Timothy, Huttner, Benedikt, Jantarada, Fabricio, Jaquest, Dominique, Joly, Florence, Ka, Lum, Karas, Andreas, Knirsch, Charles, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Le Maréchal, Marion, Legros, Stéphane, Lilliott, Nicky, Lindgren, Eva, Longshaw, Chris, Mahoney, Nicole, Mastrangelo, Dana, McDonald, John, McKeever, Steve, Mepham, Tim, Milanic, Romina, Monnier, Annelie, Morel, Chantal, Morton, Alec, Mossialos, Elias, Nolet, Brigitte, Outterson, Kevin, Payne, David, Piddock, Laura, Plahte, Jens, Potter, Danielle, Pulcini, Céline, Rex, John, Ross, Emma, Rottingen, John-Arne, Ryan, Kellie, Ryan, James, Salimi, Tehseen, Schouten, Jeroen, Schultz, Suzanne, So, Antony, Spiesser, Julie, Stålhammar, Nils-Olov, Stanic, Mirji, Tacconelli, Evelina, Temkin, Liz, Trick, Donald, Vink, Patrick, Vlahovic-Palcevski, Vera, Watt, Maureen, Wells, Marc, Wesseler, Justus, White, Alex, Wood, Susan, Zanichelli, Veronica, and Zorzet, Anna

Published
2015
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22. The global need for effective antibiotics: challenges and recent advances

Author

Hogberg, Liselotte Diaz, Heddini, Andreas, and Cars, Otto

Subjects
Drug resistance in microorganisms, Antibiotics, Biological sciences, Chemistry, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2010.08.002 Byline: Liselotte Diaz Hogberg, Andreas Heddini, Otto Cars Abstract: The emerging problem of antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to global public health. The situation is aggravated by a substantial decline in the research and development of antibacterial agents. Hence, very few new antibacterial classes are brought to market when older classes lose their efficacy. There has been renewed and growing attention within policy groups to: (i) address the problem; (ii) discuss incentives for the development of urgently needed new treatments; (iii) preserve the efficacy of existing therapeutic options. We briefly review the basic principles of antibiotic resistance, and contrast the increasing resistance to the dwindling antibacterial 'pipeline'. We also highlight some recent policy initiatives aiming to secure the future need of effective antibiotics. Author Affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden, and ReAct (Action on Antibiotic Resistance), Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden

Published
2010

25. Estimation of cefuroxime dosage using pharmacodynamic targets, MIC distributions, and minimization of a risk function

Author

Viberg, Anders, Cars, Otto, Karlsson, Mats O., and Jonsson, Siv

Subjects
Drug targeting -- Research, Bacterial pneumonia -- Care and treatment, Pneumonia -- Care and treatment, Cefuroxime -- Dosage and administration, Cefuroxime -- Research, Cefuroxime axetil -- Dosage and administration, Cefuroxime axetil -- Research, Escherichia coli infections -- Care and treatment, Health
Published
2008

27. Optimizing drug exposure to minimize selection of antibiotic resistance

Author

Olofsson, Sara K. and Cars, Otto

Subjects
Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Prevention, Communicable diseases -- Patient outcomes, Communicable diseases -- Drug therapy, Microbial mutation -- Health aspects, Pharmacology, Experimental -- Reports, Drugs -- Dosage and administration, Drugs -- Research, Health, Health care industry
Published
2007

29. A European study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance. (Research)

Author

Bronzwaer, Stef L.A.M, Cars, Otto, Buchholz, Udo, Molstad, Sigvard, Goettsch, Wim, Veldhuijzen, Irene K, Kool, Jacob L., Sprenger, Marc J.W., and Degener, John E.

Subjects
Communicable diseases -- Research, Anti-infective agents -- Usage, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research, Streptococcus pneumoniae -- Drug therapy, Antibiotics -- Usage, Beta lactam antibiotics -- Usage, Macrolide antibiotics -- Usage
Abstract

In Europe, antimicrobial resistance has been monitored since 1998 by the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). We examined the relationship between penicillin nonsusceptibility of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae [...]

Published
2002

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