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The objective of this research is to identify the main characteristics and geographical distribution of bus stops, associated with collective public transport systems, through data analysis techniques that can identify clustering patterns based on various characteristics of the stops, such as geographical location, passenger flow, service demand, land use, etc. number of routes available, slope of the road, signage, among other relevant factors. The main result of this study is that t he current layout of the stops is distributed according to the main characteristics of their environment, allowing us to conclude that the grouping of transport stops facilitates the interpretation of the location and operability of the stops, thus allowi ng to improve decision-making in the implementation of stops, guaranteeing an adequate operation of the service without compromising coverage and travel time of users.

Valuing urban public transport plays a vital role in the growth and development of a city. In addition, an exemplary system connection allows the formation of functional relationships between the different users and the surrounding environment. That is why, in this research, it is proposed as an objective to carry out a comparative analysis of the levels of coverage offered by Public Transport Systems in cities of the Colombian coffee region to visualize the current state of operation of each city. The research methodology uses geographic accessibility as a visualization tool complemented with the analysis of sociodemographic coverage. The main result is that the assessment of accessibility and coverage shows that the population has easy access in a travel time of less than 35 minutes. It can also be concluded that the evaluation process provides a broad view of the levels of transport supply in each city.

The aim of this research is (1) to identify places with a high probability of crash occurrence (LHPCO) in Villavicencio-Colombia and (2) to carry out road safety audits in each LHPCO to evaluate the behaviour of road users and speed measurements. As a methodological structure, the analysis of crash data is considered, linked to assessments of road safety audits, with which it is obtained that motorcyclists are overrepresented in the statistics of road injuries. In addition, a total of seven LHPCOs were identified. In these locations, pedestrians engaged in a large number of risky behaviours, and speed measurements indicated that car drivers select high speeds near crosswalks. Interventions such as public education or police enforcement are needed to reduce the risky behaviour of pedestrians and motorists near high-risk locations.

The number of opportunities in a specific area significantly influences the planning, development, and zoning of city neighborhoods. In this study, a methodological approach was employed to analyze pedestrian accessibility between two neighborhoods of varying strata in Manizales, Colombia. The research utilized the ArcGIS program, yielding results that highlighted disparities in service access and opportunities between the neighborhoods. It was concluded that higher strata neighborhoods offer greater amenities to residents, emphasizing the need to reconsider urban planning strategies.

The main objective of the research is to determine the efficiency in population and area coverage of the set of bus stops to existing land uses in the city, allowing the identification of possible shortcomings, which leads to the formulation of restructuring proposals in terms of the location of the stops. The research methodology to be applied includes the use of geostatistical models of accessibility based on GIS-type digital tools, supported by the collection of field information and road inventories. As a main result, it is obtained that the stop-system coverage allows the access of more than 80% of the population in a trip time by walking less than 5 minutes. Likewise, it is possible to identify a robust redundancy concerning the system of stops. Thus, it is concluded that the research process facilitates the evaluation and identification of possible interventions, guaranteeing a better coverage of the stops set regarding the city's existing activities.

This research objective is to determine the impact on the operability of private vehicle transport mode, given the proposed implementation of the new bicycle route, pedestrian a transit network in San Jose del Guaviare (Colombia), with the aim to propose an urban planning instrument for decision-making that promotes the insertion of alternative transport means to a private vehicle. The methodology includes the application of transport infrastructure supply models as an evaluation basis, supported by geographical accessibility, coverage and geospatial impact analyses. The main results show that the proposal for the insertion of alternative modes of transport would be beneficial in terms of providing other mobility options for the inhabitants without deteriorating the current mobility conditions of the private mode. The above result point to the benefits that are shown for the municipality's development and planning to maximize their use by decision-makers.

This study evaluates the spatial equity of the educational service provided in the urban areas of Manizales and Villamaría based on the hypothesis that there is inequity in the provision of this service. Methodology involves GIS-based territorial accessibility analysis using average travel times from a network of transport infrastructures as well as the geographical location of all formal education establishments. This methodology is designed to be applied on different locations around the world. As the main results, the areas with mixed values concerning educational provision are in the lower strata, which directly correlates with low spatial educational equity rates.

This research applies the Enhanced Two-step Floating Catchment Area method to determine the accessibility conditions of to the health care network in an intermediate Colombian city. This research aims to evaluate the medical personnel supply concerning the geospatial position of health care services in Armenia, Colombia, considering the operational and geometric particularities of the private transportation network. As a method, the Enhanced Two-step Floating Catchment Area is proposed, complemented with socio-demographic analyses. The most important result is about the level of medical coverage for socioeconomic strata 1, 2, and 3, which are below the average established by the World Bank.

Tourist attraction is related to the provision of services in an urban or rural environment; it is possible to find the relationship between the tourist potential and performance infrastructure that provides access to the points. Aims: Asses accessibility of the routes that make part of the Coffee Cultural Landscape (CCL). Method: accessibility models based on isochronous curves obtained in the analysis of travel time, which allows the determination of population covered by the curves. Results: There is no direct relationship between the sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables, due to the low participation of the tourism in the GDP of the CCL.

In 2011, UNESCO declared the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape (CCL) as a world heritage region. In this research article, we propose a methodology to evaluate the geographic location of a new airport (Coffee Airport in Palestina, Caldas), planned as a push of economic development of CCL. We calculate its benefits in terms of population and tourist equipment coverage through accessibility models. Geostatistical methods are used to construct the curves to complement accessibility measures. The results showed that Coffee Airport produces savings in 16% of travel time and an increase in 1% in accessibility to the tourist points of the CCL.

Actualmente las grandes ciudades colombianas están generando procesos de transformación urbana que involucran la construcción de importantes infraestructuras, buscando en la mayoría de los casos, tratar de mitigar los efectos adversos del creciente tránsito automotor. Por su parte, las ciudades intermedias no ahorran esfuerzos en términos de planificación urbana, impulsando la aplicación de metodologías, que a nivel de prefactibilidad, permiten tomar decisiones respecto a las infraestructuras que se deben construir en determinados sitios de la ciudad. En este artículo se discuten los resultados de aplicar una metodología de priorización como instrumento comparativo entre dos posibles infraestructuras viales en el sector de San Marcel en la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia. Se determina cuál de las propuestas refiere mejores indicadores de cobertura, relacionando los mismos con variables como los costos globales de construcción y vida útil definida a partir de simulaciones de tránsito.