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The molten salt reactors are a kind of nuclear reactor that had received additional attention worldwide due to their inherent safety features and the possibility of use the Thorium, a more abundant resource than Uranium, as a fuel. Despite of this promise concept and works being developed or under course, some aspects related to their thermal hydraulics should be better understand. In this work, the initial thermal-hydraulics results obtained using the ANSYS-CFXÒ code are presented. The simulations were conducted in 3D for 1/16 of a cylinder volume that represents the molten reactor core. The results show a good agreement for this simplified geometry and for a theoretical power density distribution between the benchmark work and those obtained within this for the temperature. An evaluation for the other properties and for different turbulence models, among others, are planned for future.

A dotação física e o talento esportivo se manifestam nesse modelo por desempenhar papel significativo no grande conjunto de influências das habilidades físicas naturais unidas às competências treináveis dadas pelo processo desenvolvimentista proporcionado pelo ambiente. O referencial foi o Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT), de Gagné. Assim, o objetivo geral foi investigar a interface Dotação e Talento e Educação Física na Educação Infantil. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza qualitativa. Foram buscados trabalhos acadêmicos em dois bancos de dados: Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), com recorte temporal de cinco anos. Os resultados obtidos foram quatro produções encontradas: uma tese e três dissertações defendidas nos anos de 2017 e 2019. Concluiu-se que há poucas pesquisas que abordem especificamente a dotação física e talento esportivo na Educação Infantil, sendo que as produções encontradas versam sobre outros níveis de ensino. Isso ressalta a importância de se olhar para as crianças dotadas e talentosas desde o início do percurso educacional.

Os nematoides de galha são importantes pragas de solo para a cultura da batata, entre outras solanáceas, onde parasitam raízes e tubérculos causando prejuízos significativos para os produtores. O controle era feito exclusivamente com nematicidas, muitos dos quais foram banidos ou apresentam-se com uso muito restrito em razão de diferentes fatores ambientais e econômicos. O objetivo desse trabalho é testar um produto formulado a partir de fertilizante organomineral líquido contendo substâncias húmicas, nutrientes N, P, K (nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio), carboidratos, aminoácidos e extrato de nim (Azadirachta indica). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com 8 tratamentos (diferentes combinações de aplicação no plantio e/ou na amontoa combinado ou não com abamectina) e 6 repetições. A parcela foi um vaso plástico com 21 L de substrato autoclavado e uma planta de batata ‘Ágata” inoculado artificialmente com Meloidogyne incognita. Os resultados demonstraram o controle exercido pelo formulado nas diferentes combinações de aplicação, à exceção do produto aplicado somente na amontoa. Entretanto, o controle do nematoide não repercutiu no desenvolvimento das plantas, onde não se verificaram diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos para todas as variáveis testadas.

Duloxetine hydrochloride (DUL) is an antidepressant drug that is being increasingly consumed and so, it is classified as an emerging pollutant. As it is found at very low concentration in the envir...

Botriosferana e lacase são biomoléculas produzidas pelo fungo ascomiceto Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05. Esses biomateriais foram empregados na modificação de eletrodos para a construção de (bio)sensores voltamétricos. O polissacarídeo derivatizado carboximetil-botriosferana foi usado para melhorar a dispersão de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas em água. Essa dispersão foi aplicada na modificação de um eletrodo de carbono vítreo para construir um sensor voltamétrico sensível para a determinação de desloratadina, um anti-histamínico tricíclico. Já a associação de botriosferana e lacase foi empregada na construção de um biossensor para a determinação de ácidos clorogênicos em amostras de café coado. A composição do biossensor foi otimizada e apenas e uma pequena quantidade de lacase em relação a botriosferana proporcionou uma maior resposta do biossensor, indicando uma maior atividade de lacase quando mantida em condições próximas a do seu habitat natural. Ambos, sensor e biossensor foram caracterizados usando espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, e os parâmetros experimentais foram avaliados. Os eletrodos quimicamente modificados (sensor e biossensor) foram empregados em análises compreendendo matrizes farmacêutica, biológica e alimentícia. O sensor foi aplicado em análises para o controle de qualidade de formulações farmacêuticas contendo desloratadina, e foi capaz de determinar esse fármaco em soro de rato, enquanto o biossensor de lacase apresentou exatidão satisfatória para a análise de ácidos clorogênicos em cafés coados, e com auxílio de ferramentas quimiométricas foi capaz de diferenciar cafés especiais de tradicionais. Botryosphaeran and laccase are biomolecules produced by the ascomycete fungus Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05. These biomaterials were used in the modification of electrodes for the construction of voltammetric (bio)sensors. The derivatized polysaccharide carboxymethyl-botryosphaeran improved the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in water. This feature was applied to modify a glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive determination of a desloratadine, a tricyclic antihistamine. The association of botryosphaeran and laccase was used in the construction of a biosensor for chlorogenic acid determination in brewed coffee beverages. The biosensor composition was optimized and only a small amount of laccase in relation to botryosphaeran resulted in a greater biosensor response, indicating a higher laccase activity when it is kept in conditions close to its natural habitat. Both sensor and biosensor were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the experimental parameters were evaluated. The chemically modified electrodes (sensor and biosensor) were employed in pharmaceutical, biological, and alimentary matrices. The sensor was applied in the quality control analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing desloratadine and was able to determine this drug in rat serum; the laccase biosensor presented satisfactory accuracy for analysis of chlorogenic acid content in brewed coffees, and with the aid of chemometrics was able to discriminate specialty coffees from traditional ones.

Realizaram-se dois experimentos, em casa de vegetação, para verificar as variações que ocorrem na morfometria de populações brasileiras de Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 e o efeito de espécies vegetais com diferentes graus de eficiência hospedeira sobre a morfometria de uma população do nematóide. No primeiro, utilizaram-se oito populações procedentes dos Estados de Mato Grosso (MT), São Paulo (SP1 e SP2), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Goiás (GO1 e GO2), Paraná (PR) e Minas Gerais (MG). Cada planta foi inoculada com 1000 juvenis de segundo estádio, em 20 repetições para cada população, sendo a parcela representada por uma planta de soja FT Cristalina. Após 45 dias, foram extraídos os juvenis de segundo estádio, machos e cistos. Os ovos foram extraídos dos cistos. Estudaram-se 23 caracteres relativos a juvenis, 19 a machos, 12 a cistos e 2 a ovos. Os resultados do primeiro estudo confirmaram que as populações apresentam as características da espécie H. glycines. Apesar disso, foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre as populações, não sendo possível caracterizar uma ou mais populações por causa da sobreposição dos valores numéricos. Entretanto, as populações GO1 e GO2, no caso dos juvenis, e GO2, no caso dos machos, mostraram valores significativamente superior aos das demais para determinados caracteres. Por outro lado, para juvenis, MG, MS e SP1, e para machos, MG, foram as populações que mostraram valores significativamente menores que os das demais para determinados caracteres. Para cistos e ovos, não foi possível verificar alguma população que se destacasse das demais com caracteres apresentando diferenças significativas. Na segunda parte do estudo, inoculou-se cada planta de soja FT Cristalina, feijão comum IAC Carioca, ervilha Maria, chícharo, crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.) IAC 1-2, feijão azuki vermelho AL-9, feijão mungo verde M-80 e tremoço branco com 1000 juvenis de segundo estádio, num total de 20 repetições para cada espécie vegetal. A partir daí, os procedimentos adotados foram semelhantes aos do primeiro estudo. Verificou-se que a ervilha, a crotálaria e o chícharo foram hospedeiras altamente desfavoráveis ao nematóide, obtendo-se a partir delas número insuficiente de espécimes para o estudo morfométrico comparativo com as demais hospedeiras, não sendo possível, inclusive, analisar estatisticamente os seus dados. Para os feijões comum, mungo e azuki e para o tremoço branco, considerados moderadamente resistentes, verificaram-se poucos caracteres com diferenças significativas em comparação à soja, não permitindo evidenciar efeitos negativos dessas hospedeiras sobre a morfometria do parasito. Two trials were carried out, under greenhouse conditions, to assess the morphometric variations occurring among brazilian populations of Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 as well as the effect of plant species with different host suitability degrees on the morphometry of one population of the nematode. In the first one, eight populations proceeding from the States of Mato Grosso (MT), São Paulo (SP1 and SP2), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Goiás (GO1 and GO2), Paraná (PR) and Minas Gerais (MG) were used. Each soybean FT-Cristalina plant was inoculated with 1,000 second-stage juveniles, in 20 repetitions for each population. The juveniles, males and cysts were extracted after 45 days of the inoculations. The eggs were subsequently extracted from the cysts. The study comprised 23 characters regarding to juveniles, 19 to males, 12 to cysts and 2 to eggs. The results confirmed that all the populations featured characteristics of the species H glycines. Even so, significant differences occurred between the populations with regard to some characters, but it was not possible to properly characterize one or more populations because of the frequent overlapping of the numerical values observed. It should be noticed that the populations GO1 and GO2, for juveniles, and GO2, for males, showed significantly higher values for some characters than all other populations. Otherwise, MG, MS and SP1, for juveniles, and MG, for males, showed significantly lower values for some characters than all other populations. For cysts and eggs, no significant differences were observed among the population used in this study. ln the second trial, each plant of the tested hosts (soybean FT-Cristalina, common bean IAC-Carioca, pea Maria, chickpea, sunn hemp IAC 1-2, adzuki bean AL-9 mung bean M-80 and white lupin) was inoculated with 1,000 second-stage juveniles, with 20 repetitions. The other procedures were similar to those adopted in the first trial. Pea, sunn hemp and chickpea showed to be very poor/unfavourable hosts not allowing to the formation of nematode specimens in their roots in sufficient numbers to make possible a comparative study together with the other tested host plants. For common bean, adzuki bean, mung bean and white lupin, rated as moderately resistant hosts, significant differences occurred for some characters in relation to soybean data, but no evidence of negative effects of these plant species on the morphometry of the nematode could be noticed.

The synthesis of a self-doped TiO2 nanotubes (SD-TNT) electrode and its potential applicability as a sensing platform electrode for voltammetric determination of methylene blue (MB) dye is reported. Highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes vertically oriented to the titanium surface were grown and the electrochemical doping did not change the morphology of the TNT. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the electrochemical doping of TNT promoted a blue shift of the Eg1 mode (from 152 to 158 cm−1) which results in an increased conductivity due to the phonon confinement resultant from the formation of non-stoichiometry Ti3+ donor states. The structural changes allowed the application of SD-TNT as a voltammetric sensor of MB without any UV irradiation. The SD-TNT electrode allowed an efficient quantification of MB, with a limit of detection of 0.48 and 0.90 μmol L−1 when considered the oxidation and reduction peak, respectively. Then, SD-TNT electrode was applied to the monitoring of MB concentration during electro-Fenton oxidation. MB removal fitted well with pseudo-first-order kinetics, suggesting a constant formation of •OH radicals and oxidation of MB. These results revealed that the SD-TNT is a versatile, simple, and promising material for the voltammetric determination of synthetic dyes.

A sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the determination of desloratadine (DESL) in different samples employing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and an unmodified boron-doped diamond electrode. Using cyclic voltammetry, an irreversible, well-defined and diffusion-controlled oxidation peak was observed at 1.55 V in phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.0). Using DPV under optimized operating conditions, it was found that the peak current was linear within the DESL concentration range of 0.099–6.3 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 41.0 ηmol L−1. This procedure was successfully applied to assay drugs in tablets and syrup and obtained statistically concordant results with those obtained by spectrophotometry. Applicability was also tested in human urine and tap water samples and obtained excellent recovery percentages.

Los granos de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) pueden presentar dormición y sensibilidad al agua poscosecha, que retrasan su utilización industrial. Ambas dependen del genotipo y del ambiente durante la maduración del grano. Con el fin de analizar el efecto de la temperatura media y las precipitaciones acumuladas durante y en el tercio final del llenado de grano, sobre la dormición y la sensibilidad al agua y la relación entre ellas, fueron sembrados tres cultivares de cebada en cuatro fechas durante el 2009 y dos durante 2011. Se registraron temperaturas y precipitaciones diarias desde antesis a madurez fisiológica. La dormición se evaluó como la germinación a los 12 días pos-madurez fisiológica y la sensibilidad al agua como la germinación en exceso de agua, a los 100 días pos-madurez fisiológica. Las variables que presentaron mejor correlación con germinación y sensibilidad al agua fueron la temperatura media y las precipitaciones acumuladas durante el llenado de grano. Ambientes con mayores temperaturas medias durante el llenado de grano disminuyeron la dormición, pero la disminución de la sensibilidad al agua dependió del cultivar. El incremento de las precipitaciones durante el llenado de grano disminuyó la dormición, pero aumentó la sensibilidad al agua en los tres cultivares. After harvesting, barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.) can show dormancy and water sensitivity, which delays industrial use. Both effects depend on the barley genotype and environmental conditions during grain maturation. In order to analyze the effect of the average temperature and the total rainfall accumulated during and in the final third of the grain filling, on the dormancy and water sensitivity and the relationship between them, three cultivars of barley were sownin four dates in 2009 and two in 2011. Temperature and daily rainfall were recorded from anthesis to physiological maturity. The dormancy was evaluated as germination at 12 days post physiological maturity and the water sensitivity as germination in water excess conditions at 100 days post physiological maturity. The variables that presented a higher correlation with germination and water sensitivity were average temperature and accumulated rainfall during grain maturity. Environments with average high temperature during grain filling, reduced dormancy, but on water sensitivity decrease was cultivar dependent. The increase of rainfall during grain filling, decreased dormancy, but increased water sensitivity in all three cultivars. Fil: González Parodi, Silvana N.. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; Uruguay Fil: Viega Cazéres, Luis María. Universidad de la Republica. Facultad de Agricultura; Uruguay Fil: Beretta, Andres. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; Uruguay Fil: Córdoba, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural. Area de Estadística y Biometría; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola; Argentina Fil: Rossi Rodríguez, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; Uruguay

El intervencionismo en mama se inició con la localización preoperatoria de lesiones no palpables. En una segunda etapa, el desarrollo de técnicas de biopsias en las tres modalidades (mamografía, ultrasonido y resonancia magnética), reforzaron las indicaciones de localización de lesiones con histología ya confirmada. La técnica de localización en Argentina se basó casi exclusivamente en la inserción de alambres con arpones e inyección de carbón. A partir del año 2001, se ofreció como alternativa a las localizaciones con arpones la inserción de semilla de Iodo-125, considerando las ventajas para la paciente, el cirujano y el sistema hospitalario al desacoplar los turnos de quirófano y servicios de imágenes, otorgando acceso a cualquier cuadrante con incisiones cosméticas. La provisión del isótopo es la clave para instalar y atender la demanda de los usuarios, una vez que han conocido los méritos del procedimiento. En todos los ámbitos y distintos países, se verificó una lenta incorporación a la rutina de localización de lesiones con material radioactivo, primariamente por las regulaciones fundamentales y justificadas para la adquisición del isótopo. En nuestro medio y en una labor conjunta con la Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN), logramos finalmente, en el año 2017, el reconocimiento de la práctica. Revisamos la bibliografía, describimos la técnica y la logística para lograr autorización de aquellos centros interesados en aplicar un procedimiento universalmente adoptado por sus ventajas respecto a los métodos tradicionales. Diagnostic intervention in breast disease started with preoperative localization of non- palpable lesions. Later, with the histological diagnosis obtained through biopsy techniques in mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, the localization of lesions has become a must. Traditionally, in Argentina, the localization technique was exclusively based on the insertion of harpoon-shaped guided wires and carbon suspension. Since 2001, the iodine-125 radioactive seed localization has emerged as a reliable and advantageous alternative for the patient, the surgeon and the hospital system, reducing scheduling conflicts between the breast imaging department and the surgical department, and allowing access to any quadrant with cosmetic incisions. The isotope provision is the key to satisfying the users demand, once they have known the merits of the procedure. The implementation of radioactive material for the localization of lesions has been tardy in all fields and in different countries, mainly due to justified regulations related to the acquisition of the isotope. As a result of joint efforts with the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (Nuclear Regulatory Authority), the practice finally gained its deserved recognition in 2017. We conducted a review of the existing literature and described the technique and the logistics to obtain the approval of the sites that were interested in the deployment of a widely used procedure that has proved to be more advantageous than traditional methods.

Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el discurso fundacional sobre la región del Río de la Plata, a comienzos del siglo XVI, a partir la articulación de dos ejes interrelacionados: la construcción del “otro” como caníbal y la percepción del espacio como un paraíso terrenal. Se indagan documentos relacionados con las expediciones de Juan Díaz de Solís (1516) y Sebastián Gaboto (1526-1529), principalmente la Carta (1528) de Luis Ramírez. El objetivo es observar el modo en que representaciones previas sobre la alteridad, provenientes de relatos clásicos, tanto medievales como bíblicos, influyeron sobre la construcción-invención de la región y sus habitantes. Descripciones de seres maravillosos, tesoros y espacios edénicos, que conformaban la herencia cultural del viajero y conquistador a finales de la Edad Media, como los que se contienen en El libro de las maravillas de Juan de Mandevilla o los textos sobre América de Cristóbal Colón y Américo Vespucio, servirán de base para describir al “otro” indígena y el paisaje rioplatense.

A photoelectrochemical biosensing strategy for the highly sensitive detection of the flavonoid rutin was developed by synergizing the photoelectrocatalytic properties of hematite (α-Fe2O3) decorated with palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and the biocatalysis towards laccase-based reactions. The integration of α-Fe2O3.PdNPs with a polyphenol oxidase as a biorecognition element yields a novel biosensing platform. Under visible light irradiation, the photoactive biocomposite can generate a stable photocurrent, which was found to be directly dependent upon the concentration of rutin. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the cathodic photocurrent, measured at 0.33 V vs. Ag/AgCl, from the square-wave voltammograms presented a linear dependence on the rutin concentration within the range of 0.008–30.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 (sensitivity: 1.7 μA·(× 10−8 M−1)·cm−2), with an experimental detection limit (S/N = 3) of 8.4 × 10−11 mol L−1. The proposed biosensor device presented good selectivity towards rutin in the presence of various organic compounds and inorganic ions, demonstrating the potential application of this biosensing platform in complex matrices. This bioanalytical device also exhibited excellent operational and analytical properties, such as intra-day (standard deviation, SD = 0.21%) and inter-day (SD = 1.30%) repeatability, and long storage stability (SD = 2.80% over 30 days). Graphical abstract

The gut microbiota has been a subject of great interest in recent years because the composition and diversity are associated with the maintenance of piglets’ health and welfare. This review aims to summarise the composition and diversity of piglet microbiome, the impact on health maintenance, influence of feed and nutrients, impact of stress situations, and the effect of growth promoters and antimicrobials on gut microbiota. The composition and diversity of microbiota are influenced by animal early experiences, the appropriate development of microbiota is essential for intestinal function, and influence animal health, growth and productivity. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system help maintain epithelial barrier, and protect from post-weaning diarrhoea pathogenies. After weaning, the piglets’ diet changes abruptly, affecting the microbiota and the physiology, but this can be modulated through nutrients such as fibre, protein and minerals. Stress situations contribute to the appearance of intestinal disorders, possibly changing the microbiota and epithelial cell structure, facilitating colonisation of pathogenic bacteria, decreased performance and increase the use of antimicrobials. In swine production, growth promoters and antibiotics are used to reduce mortality and morbidity, especially in weaning piglets, reducing and controlling potential pathogenic bacteria, resulting in more feed intake and body weight. Antimicrobial use reduces the entire gut microbial population; the replacers are probiotics, prebiotics and organic acids, which helps maintain intestinal microbial populations, and inhibits pathogenic bacteria development. Knowing the animal microbiome dynamics helps improve immunity, productive performance and welfare, and also reduce the use of antimicrobials in animal production.

A new protocol for the analysis of the azo-dye carmoisine (CMS) is presented by coupling differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (CPT-BDDE), in phosphate buffer solution (pH 2.0). The CMS presented diffusion-controlled oxidation and reduction peaks at +0.88 and −0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively. The effect of the pretreatment conditions, pH, and supporting electrolytes were evaluated to the voltammetric determination of CMS. Under optimized conditions, the differential pulse voltammetric signals for CMS were linear over the concentration range of 0.059–1.31 μmol L−1 and 0.010–0.079 μmol L−1 with limits of detection of 7.0 and 3.0 nmol L−1, for the anodic and cathodic processes respectively. The method was precise for CMS determination (RSD

In this work a crude laccase preparation from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 was employed to construct an electrochemical biosensor using nanostructured carbon black. The biosensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry under optimized conditions and was utilized in the determination of epinephrine (EPN). The biosensor’s storage stability was evaluated and was found to be stable over seven consecutive days with a reduction of only 7.0% in the EPN response. Under the optimum conditions developed, the biosensor provided a linear current response for the concentration of EPN in the range from 4.98 to 285 μM. The biosensor was successfully applied for determining EPN in pharmaceutical-grade EPN injection samples, and in synthetic cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating its promising analytical performance in drug analysis.