745 results on '"Carlos, Aguiar"'
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2. Portuguese Heart Failure Prevalence Observational Study (PORTHOS) rationale and design – A population-based study
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Rui Baptista, José Silva Cardoso, Helena Canhão, Ana Maria Rodrigues, Irina Kislaya, Fátima Franco, Filipa Bernardo, Joana Pimenta, Lígia Mendes, Sara Gonçalves, Ana Teresa Timóteo, Aurora Andrade, Brenda Moura, Cândida Fonseca, Carlos Aguiar, Dulce Brito, Jorge Ferreira, Luís Filipe Azevedo, Marisa Peres, Paulo Santos, Pedro Moraes Sarmento, Rui Cernadas, Mário Santos, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Adalberto Campos Fernandes, Hugo Martinho, José Ramon González-Juanatey, Luís Filipe Pereira, Victor Gil, Cláudia Raquel Marques, Mário Almeida, Marisa Pardal, Veneranda Barbosa, and Cristina Gavina
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Insuficiência cardíaca ,Prevalência ,Qualidade de vida ,Portugal ,Epidemiologia ,PORTHOS ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Introduction and objectives: Current epidemiological data on heart failure (HF) in Portugal derives from studies conducted two decades ago. The main aim of this study is to determine HF prevalence in the Portuguese population. Using current standards, this manuscript aims to describe the methodology and research protocol applied. Methods: The Portuguese Heart Failure Prevalence Observational Study (PORTHOS) is a large, three-stage, population-based, nationwide, cross-sectional study. Community-dwelling citizens aged 50 years and older will be randomly selected via stratified multistage sampling. Eligible participants will be invited to attend a screening visit at a mobile clinic for HF symptom assessment, anthropomorphic assessment, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) testing, one-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and a sociodemographic and health-related quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D). All subjects with NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL or with a prior history of HF will undergo a diagnostic confirmatory assessment at the mobile clinic composed of a 12-lead ECG, comprehensive echocardiography, HF questionnaire (KCCQ) and blood sampling. To validate the screening procedure, a control group will undergo the same diagnostic assessment. Echocardiography results will be centrally validated, and HF diagnosis will be established according to the European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines. A random subsample of patients with an equivocal HF with preserved ejection fraction diagnosis based on the application of the Heart Failure Association preserved ejection fraction diagnostic algorithm will be invited to undergo an exercise echocardiography. Conclusions: Through the application of current standards, appropriate methodologies, and a strong research protocol, the PORTHOS study will determine the prevalence of HF in mainland Portugal and enable a comprehensive characterization of HF patients, leading to a better understanding of their clinical profile and health-related quality of life. Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: Os dados epidemiológicos atuais sobre insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em Portugal provêm de estudos realizados há mais de duas décadas. O objetivo principal deste estudo é determinar a prevalência da síndrome de IC na população portuguesa com 50 ou mais anos, sendo, especificamente, objetivo deste artigo descrever as abordagens metodológicas e o protocolo de investigação aplicados. Métodos: O Estudo de Prevalência de Insuficiência Cardíaca em Portugal (PORTHOS) é um estudo observacional transversal de grande dimensão, de base populacional, nacional, constituído por três fases. Serão selecionados aleatoriamente por amostragem estratificada multietapas cidadãos com 50 ou mais anos residentes na comunidade em Portugal. Os participantes elegíveis serão convidados a participar numa visita de triagem, que decorrerá numa clínica móvel, durante a qual serão submetidos a avaliação de sintomas de IC, avaliação antropomórfica, um teste de N-terminal pró-peptídeo natriurético tipo B (NT-proBNP), eletrocardiograma de 1 derivação, questionários sociodemográficos e questionário de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (EQ-5D). Todos os participantes com NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL ou história prévia de IC serão submetidos a uma avaliação diagnóstica confirmatória composta por eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, ecocardiografia completa, questionário de IC (KCCQ) e colheita de sangue. Para validar o procedimento de triagem, um grupo controlo passará pela mesma avaliação diagnóstica. Os resultados dos ecocardiogramas realizados serão validados centralmente e o diagnóstico de IC será confirmado de acordo com as recomendações de IC da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia. Uma subamostra aleatória de participantes com diagnóstico questionável de IC com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp), após a aplicação do algoritmo de diagnóstico de fração de ejeção preservada da Heart Failure Association (HFA-PEFF) será convidada a realizar ecocardiografia de esforço. Conclusão: Através da aplicação das recomendações atuais e abordagens metodológicas adequadas, o estudo PORTHOS irá determinar a prevalência da IC em Portugal Continental e permitir uma caracterização abrangente dos doentes com IC, para melhor compreensão do seu perfil clínico e qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde.
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- 2023
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3. Inventory of tiger- and ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Caraboidea, Cicindelidae and Carabidae) in two sampling seasons of the Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique
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Artur Serrano, Martim Baptista, Rui Carvalho, Mário Boieiro, Sara Mendes, Marie Bartz, Sérgio Timóteo, Henrique Azevedo-Pereira, Carlos Aguiar, António Alves da Silva, Joana Alves, Maria Briones, Paulo Borges, José Sousa, and Pedro Martins da Silva
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biodiversity conservation ,diversity assessment ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The Gorongosa National Park (Mozambique) is one of the most emblematic protected areas in Africa, well known for its vertebrate biodiversity and restoration ecology efforts following the Mozambican civil war in 1992. The invertebrate biodiversity of Gorongosa National Park is still poorly studied, although the scarce information available indicates the existence of a rich number of species, namely in the case of tiger- and ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Caraboidea). Moreover, the study of arthropod assemblages is key for designing conservation practices since they are potentially accurate biodiversity and ecological indicators. Hence, the diversity assessment of Caraboidea beetles using standardised methodologies is likely to provide a new insight for future conservation planning and help to quantify the effects of climate change in areas identified as vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures, such as the Gorongosa National Park.We report the occurrence of five tiger beetles (Cicindelidae) and 93 ground-beetles (Carabidae) species/morphospecies in Gorongosa National Park from a field survey funded by the ECOASSESS project. Sampling was performed in the four main habitat types present in the Park (miombo tropical forest, mixed dry forest, transitional forest and grasslands) between 25 October and 25 November 2019. In this sampling window, the turnover of Caraboidea species from the dry season to the wet season was recorded for the first time. Twenty-eight species of ground-beetles are new records to Mozambique, including three new subgenera and three new genera. Additional information on species phenology and habitat preferences is also provided.
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- 2023
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4. Atingimento das Metas de Colesterol LDL em Pacientes com Histórico de Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio: Estudo Transversal do Mundo Real
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Daniel A. Gomes, Mariana Sousa Paiva, Pedro Freitas, Francisco Albuquerque, Maria Rita Lima, Rita Reis Santos, João Presume, Marisa Trabulo, Carlos Aguiar, Jorge Ferreira, António M. Ferreira, and Miguel Mendes
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Colesterol LDL ,Aterosclerose ,Prevenção Secundária ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo Fundamento: As diretrizes da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia recomendam um nível de colesterol LDL (LDL-C) < 55 mg/dL para pacientes com doença cardiovascular estabelecida. Embora a fórmula de Friedewald ainda seja amplamente utilizada para estimar o LDL-C, a fórmula mais recente de Martin-Hopkins mostrou maior precisão. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar: A) a proporção de pacientes que atingiram a meta de LDL-C e as terapias utilizadas em um centro terciário; B) o impacto da utilização do método de Martin-Hopkins em vez do método de Friedewald na proporção de pacientes controlados. Métodos: Estudo transversal monocêntrico, incluindo pacientes consecutivos pós-infarto do miocárdio, acompanhados por 20 cardiologistas, em um hospital terciário. Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente de consultas clínicas realizadas após abril de 2022. Para cada paciente, os níveis de LDL-C e o atingimento das metas foram estimados a partir de um perfil lipídico ambulatorial, utilizando as fórmulas de Friedewald e Martin-Hopkins. Um valor-p bicaudal < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo para todos os testes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 400 pacientes (com 67 ± 13 anos, 77% do sexo masculino). Utilizando a fórmula de Friedewald, a mediana de LDL-C sob terapia foi de 64 (50-81) mg/dL, e 31% tinham LDL-C dentro da meta. Estatinas de alta intensidade foram usadas em 64% dos pacientes, 37% estavam em uso de ezetimiba e 0,5% estavam em uso de inibidores de PCSK9. A terapia combinada de estatina de alta intensidade + ezetimiba foi utilizada em 102 pacientes (26%). A aplicação do método de Martin-Hopkins reclassificaria um total de 31 pacientes (7,8%). Entre aqueles considerados controlados pela fórmula de Friedewald, 27 (21,6%) teriam LDL-C estimado por Martin-Hopkins acima da meta. Conclusões: Menos de um terço dos pacientes pós-infarto do miocárdio apresentaram LDL-C dentro da meta. A aplicação da fórmula de Martin-Hopkins reclassificaria um quinto dos pacientes presumivelmente controlados no grupo de pacientes não controlados.
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- 2024
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5. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation bridge to HeartMate 3: An Iberian first
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Sérgio Maltês, Bruno M.L. Rocha, Christopher Strong, Mariana Sousa Paiva, Gonçalo J.L. Cunha, Catarina Brízido, Marta Ramos, António Ventosa, Tiago Nolasco, António Tralhão, Carlos Aguiar, Miguel Mendes, and José Pedro Neves
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2023
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6. Clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and good functional capacity: The illusion of stability
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Sérgio Maltês, Catarína Brízido, Bruno M.L. Rocha, Gonçalo J.L. Cunha, Christopher Strong, Pedro Freitas, Anaí Durazzo, António Tralhão, António Ventosa, Carlos Aguiar, and Miguel Mendes
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Prova de esforço cardiorrespiratória ,Insuficiência Cardíaca ,Terapêutica médica otimizada ,Consumo máximo de oxigénio ,Estratificação de risco ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) remains a prevalent syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality. Optimal drug and device therapies are crucial to reduce the risk of death or HF admission. Yet, less symptomatic patients with good functional capacity are often perceived as having a low risk of adverse events and their attending physicians may suffer from prescription inertia or refrain from performing therapy optimization. Maximum or peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) assessed during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is often used as a prognosis indicator and surrogate marker for functional capacity. Our goal was to assess clinical outcomes in a seemingly low risk HF population in Weber class A (pVO2>20 mL/kg/min) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: Single-center retrospective observational study enrolling consecutive HF patients with LVEF20 mL/kg/min were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death or HF hospitalizations at two years after CPET. We also assessed the rates of N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) elevations at baseline. Results: Seventy-two patients were included (mean age of 53 ± 10 years; 86% male; 90% NYHA I-II; median LVEF 32%; median pVO2 24 mL/kg/min). At baseline, 93% had an NT-proBNP level >125 pg/mL (median NT-proBNP 388 [201–684] pg/mL). Overall, seven patients (10%) met the primary endpoint: three died (4%) and five (7%) had at least one HF admission. Among those who died, only one patient had an HF admission during follow up. Conclusion: In a clinically stable HFrEF population with good functional capacity, persistent neurohormonal activation was present in the majority, and one in ten patients died or had a HF admission at two years’ follow-up. These findings support the urgent need to motivate clinicians to pursue optimal drug uptitration even in less symptomatic patients. Resumo: Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com fração de ejeção reduzida é uma síndrome prevalente com morbimortalidade significativa. O aprimoramento da terapêutica é crucial para reduzir o risco de morte ou admissão por IC. No entanto, doentes paucissintomáticos com boa capacidade funcional são frequentemente considerados como tendo um baixo risco de eventos adversos, não são, por isso, alvo de aprimoramento terapêutico. O consumo máximo de oxigénio (pVO2), avaliado durante provas de esforço cardiorrespiratórias (PECR), é utilizado como um marcador prognóstico e da capacidade funcional do doente. O nosso objetivo foi avaliar o número e tipo de eventos clínicos numa população de IC com aparente baixo risco em classe Weber A (pVO2 > 20 mL/kg/min) e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE) reduzida. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospetivo, unicêntrico, incluindo doentes consecutivos com IC com FEVE 20 mL/kg/min foram incluídos. O endpoint primário foi um composto de morte por todas as causas ou hospitalização por IC nos dois anos após a PECR. Também avaliámos a percentagem de doentes com elevação basal de NT-proBNP. Resultados: Foram incluídos 72 doentes (idade 53 ± 10 anos; 86% homens; 90% classe NYHA I-II; FEVE média 32%; pVO2 mediana 24 mL/kg/min), 93% apresentavamm um nível de NT-proBNP >125 pg/mL (NT-proBNP mediano 388 [201-684] pg/mL). Globalmente, sete doentes (10%) atingiram o endpoint primário: três por óbito (4%) e cinco (7%) tiveram pelo menos uma hospitalização por IC. Entre os doentes que faleceram, apenas um teve uma hospitalização por IC, pelo que contabilizado pelo primeiro evento (hospitalização). Conclusão: Numa população clinicamente estável de doentes com ICFEr e boa capacidade funcional, a maioria apresentou ativação neuro-hormonal persistente e um em cada dez atingiu o endpoint primário (óbito ou internamento por IC) durante um follow-up de dois anos após a PECR. Esses achados fortalecem a necessidade urgente de promover a prescrição otimizada de terapêuticas modificadoras de doença.
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- 2023
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7. TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA FUNDAÇÃO EM BELÉM-PA
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Cunha, Eunice Kelly Costa da, primary, Pampolha, Larissa Navegantes, additional, Costa, Johnny Oliver Negrão Monteiro da, additional, Lopes, Alexsandro dos Santos, additional, Dias, Fagner Medeiros, additional, Santos, Cassandra dos, additional, Soeiro, Janisso Felipe Brabo, additional, Monteiro, Lucas Lima, additional, Oliveira, Aline da Silva, additional, and Neto, Carlos Aguiar Ferreira da Silva, additional
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- 2023
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8. SAÚDE E DOCÊNCIA: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DO RELATO DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DE UMA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL EM BELÉM-PA
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Cunha, Eunice Kelly Costa da, primary, Pinheiro, Welington da Costa, additional, Neto, Carlos Aguiar Ferreira da Silva, additional, Lopes, Alexsandro dos Santos, additional, and Dias, Fagner Medeiros, additional
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- 2023
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9. Use of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in acute heart failure: a practical guidance
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João Pedro Ferreira, Joana Pimenta, Brenda Moura, Carlos Aguiar, and Fátima Franco
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Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors ,Acute heart failure ,Outcomes ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Aims Heart failure (HF) is the most frequent cause of hospital admission among patients 65 years or older. Patients hospitalized for acutely decompensated chronic HF and ‘de novo’ acute heart failure (AHF) continue to experience unacceptably high post‐discharge readmission and mortality rates. Methods and results Until recently, trials had failed to improve outcome in patients with AHF irrespective of ejection fraction with exception of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) that improved clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF in the Study to Test the Effect of Empagliflozin in Patients Who Are in Hospital for Acute Heart Failure (EMPULSE) and in the Effect of Sotagliflozin on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Post Worsening Heart Failure (SOLOIST‐WHF) trials. Conclusions This document reviews the potential utility of SGLT2i in patients hospitalized for AHF.
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- 2022
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10. Treatment gaps in the implementation of LDL cholesterol control among high- and very high-risk patients in Europe between 2020 and 2021: the multinational observational SANTORINI studyResearch in context
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Kausik K. Ray, Inaam Haq, Aikaterini Bilitou, Marius C. Manu, Annie Burden, Carlos Aguiar, Marcello Arca, Derek L. Connolly, Mats Eriksson, Jean Ferrières, Ulrich Laufs, Jose M. Mostaza, David Nanchen, Ernst Rietzschel, Timo Strandberg, Hermann Toplak, Frank L.J. Visseren, and Alberico L. Catapano
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Cardiovascular disease ,LDL cholesterol ,High cardiovascular risk ,Lipid-lowering therapy ,Real-world evidence ,Cohort study ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: European data pre-2019 suggest statin monotherapy is the most common approach to lipid management for preventing cardiovascular (CV) events, resulting in only one-fifth of high- and very high-risk patients achieving the 2019 ESC/EAS recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. Whether the treatment landscape has evolved, or gaps persist remains of interest. Methods: Baseline data are presented from SANTORINI, an observational, prospective study that documents the use of lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) in patients ≥18 years at high or very high CV risk between 2020 and 2021 across primary and secondary care settings in 14 European countries. Findings: Of 9602 enrolled patients, 9044 with complete data were included (mean age: 65.3 ± 10.9 years; 72.6% male). Physicians reported using 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines as a basis for CV risk classification in 52.0% (4706/9044) of patients (overall: high risk 29.2%; very high risk 70.8%). However, centrally re-assessed CV risk based on 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines suggested 6.5% (308/4706) and 91.0% (4284/4706) were high- and very high-risk patients, respectively. Overall, 21.8% of patients had no documented LLTs, 54.2% were receiving monotherapy and 24.0% combination LLT. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) LDL-C was 2.1 (1.6, 3.0) mmol/L (82 [60, 117] mg/dL), with 20.1% of patients achieving risk-based LDL-C goals as per the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. Interpretation: At the time of study enrolment, 80% of high- and very high-risk patients failed to achieve 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines LDL-C goals. Contributory factors may include CV risk underestimation and underutilization of combination therapies. Further efforts are needed to achieve current guideline-recommended LDL-C goals. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04271280. Funding: This study is funded by Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Munich, Germany.
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- 2023
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11. Economia e política do desenvolvimento recente na China
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CARLOS AGUIAR DE MEDEIROS
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Desenvolvimento econômico ,industrialização ,história econômica da China ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
RESUMO O recente desenvolvimento econômico chinês é uma das conquistas mais importantes deste século. Durante os anos 80, a estratégia americana de derrotar a antiga União Soviética e suas políticas comerciais e cambiais destinadas a diminuir o superávit comercial japonês foram fatores importantes para a estratégia de desenvolvimento chinesa. Isso consistia em um amplo e complexo conjunto de políticas de industrialização destinadas a afirmar a soberania chinesa sobre seu território e população.
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- 2022
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12. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering in the comfort zone and the benefits of stepping out
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Carlos Aguiar
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2022
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13. From Complementarity to Rivalry: The Political Economy of United States-China Relations
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de Medeiros, Carlos Aguiar, primary and Trebat, Nicholas M., additional
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- 2024
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14. Measuring lung water adds prognostic value in heart failure patients undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance
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Bruno M. L. Rocha, Gonçalo J. L. Cunha, Pedro Freitas, Pedro M. D. Lopes, Ana C. Santos, Sara Guerreiro, António Tralhão, António Ventosa, Maria J. Andrade, João Abecasis, Carlos Aguiar, Carla Saraiva, Miguel Mendes, and António M. Ferreira
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract To assess whether a simplified cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)–derived lung water density (LWD) quantification predicted major events in Heart Failure (HF). Single-centre retrospective study of consecutive HF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
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- 2021
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15. Soberania, desenvolvimento e sociedade
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Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros and Fernando Sarti
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Cano ,Wilson ,1937-2020 ,Industrialização ,Desenvolvimentismo ,Abertura financeira ,Política econômica ,Conflito distributivo ,Desnacionalização ,Neoliberalismo ,Economic history and conditions ,HC10-1085 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Resumo A partir da formulação de Wilson Cano (1999) discute-se a questão da soberania da política econômica no contexto das economias latino-americanas. Argumenta-se que em sua evolução histórica, a subordinação da política econômica às finanças internacionais foi o principal divisor de águas entre o período desenvolvimentista e o período que se afirmou após os anos 1970. Estas economias recuperaram parcialmente uma maior autonomia no novo milênio, mas a abandonam sobretudo pós 2015. Argumenta-se que este abandono se deu num contexto externo bastante distinto do que se passou nos anos 1980 e 1990, quando reversão era imposta por crises cambiais e deve ser explicado, no caso da economia brasileira, por razões políticas internas. O conflito distributivo e a desnacionalização contribuíram para o triunfo do neoliberalismo como estratégia de acumulação.
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- 2021
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16. Cost-Effectiveness of the CNIC-Polypill Strategy Compared With Separate Monocomponents in Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease in Portugal: The MERCURY Study
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Carlos Aguiar, Francisco Araujo, Gabriel Rubio-Mercade, David Carcedo, Silvia Paz, Jose María Castellano, and Valentín Fuster
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
**Background:** Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a leading and costly cause of death globally. Patients with previous CV events are at high risk of recurrence. Secondary prevention therapies improve CV risk factor control and reduce disease costs. **Objectives:** To assess the cost-effectiveness of a CV polypill strategy (CNIC-Polypill) compared with the loose combination of monocomponents to improve the control of CV risk factors in patients with previous coronary heart disease or stroke. **Methods:** A Markov model cost-utility analysis was developed using 4 health states, SMART risk equation, and 3-month cycles for year 1 and annual cycles thereafter, over a lifetime horizon from the perspective of the National Health System in Portugal (base case). The NEPTUNO study, Portuguese registries, mortality tables, official reports, and the literature were consulted to define effectiveness, epidemiological costs, and utility data. Outcomes were costs (estimated in 2020 euros) per life-year (LY) and quality-adjusted LY (QALY) gained. A 4% discount rate was applied. Alternative scenarios and one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses tested the consistency and robustness of results. **Results:** The CNIC-Polypill strategy in secondary prevention provides more LY and QALY, at a higher cost, than monocomponents. The incremental cost-utility ratio is €1557/QALY gained. Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of €30 000/QALY gained, there is a 79.7% and a 44.4% probability of the CNIC-Polypill being cost-effective and cost-saving, respectively, compared with the loose combination of monocomponents. Results remain consistent in the alternative scenarios and robust in the sensitivity analyses. **Discussion:** The model reflects increments in the number of years patients would live and in quality of life with the CNIC-Polypill. The clinical effectiveness of the CNIC-Polypill strategy initially demonstrated in the NEPTUNO study has been recently corroborated in the SECURE trial. The incremental cost of the CNIC-Polypill strategy emerges slightly above the comparator, but willingness-to-pay estimates and sensitivity analyses indicate that the CNIC-Polypill strategy is consistently cost-effective compared with monocomponents and remains within acceptable affordability margins. **Conclusion:** The CNIC-Polypill is a cost-effective secondary prevention strategy. In patients with histories of coronary heart disease or stroke, the CNIC-Polypill more effectively controls CV risk factors compared with monocomponents.
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- 2022
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17. Evaluation of contemporary treatment of high- and very high-risk patients for the prevention of cardiovascular events in Europe – Methodology and rationale for the multinational observational SANTORINI study
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Kausik K. Ray, Inaam Haq, Aikaterini Bilitou, Carlos Aguiar, Marcello Arca, Derek L. Connolly, Mats Eriksson, Jean Ferrières, Per Hildebrandt, Ulrich Laufs, Jose M. Mostaza, David Nanchen, Ernst Rietzschel, Timo Strandberg, Hermann Toplak, Frank L.J. Visseren, and Alberico L. Catapano
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Cardiovascular disease ,LDL cholesterol ,High cardiovascular risk ,Lipid-lowering therapy ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background and aims: Clinical practice before 2019 suggests a substantial proportion of high and very high CV risk patients taking lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) would not achieve the new LDL-C goals recommended in the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines (
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- 2021
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18. Structural Change and the Manufacturing Sector in the Brazilian Economy: 2000–2014
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de Medeiros, Carlos Aguiar, Freitas, Fabio Neves Peracio, Passoni, Patieene Alves, and Santarcángelo, Juan Eduardo, Series Editor
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- 2019
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19. Geopolitics, Geoeconomics, and Development Strategies in the New Millennium
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de Medeiros, Carlos Aguiar, Mazat, Numa, Fernández, Víctor Ramiro, editor, and Brondino, Gabriel, editor
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- 2019
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20. Posicionamento para Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar de Pacientes com Diagnóstico ou Suspeita de COVID-19 – 2020
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Hélio Penna Guimarães, Sérgio Timerman, Roseny dos Reis Rodrigues, Thiago Domingos Corrêa, Daniel Ujakow Correa Schubert, Ana Paula Freitas, Álvaro Rea Neto, Thatiane Facholi Polastri, Matheus Fachini Vane, Thomaz Bittencourt Couto, Antonio Carlos Aguiar Brandão, Natali Schiavo Giannetti, Thiago Timerman, Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, Fernando Bacal, and Marcelo Antônio Cartaxo Queiroga Lopes
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo A atenção ao paciente vítima de parada cardiorrespiratória no contexto da pandemia da Doença por Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) possui particularidades que devem ser ressaltadas. As seguintes recomendações da Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Emergência (ABRAMEDE), Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) e Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA), representantes oficiais de especialidades afiliadas à Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB), têm por objetivo orientar as diversas equipes assistentes, em uma situação de poucas evidências sólidas, maximizando a proteção das equipes e dos pacientes. É fundamental a paramentação completa com Equipamentos de Proteção Individual para aerossóis durante o atendimento de parada cardiorrespiratória. Também se faz imperativo que se considerem e tratem as potenciais causas nesses pacientes, principalmente hipóxia e arritmias de correntes de QT longo ou miocardite. A instalação de via aérea invasiva avançada deve ser obtida precocemente, e o uso de filtros HEPA na interface com a bolsa-válvula é obrigatório. Situações de ocorrência de parada cardiorrespiratória durante a ventilação mecânica e em posição pronada demandam peculiaridades de ajustes do ventilador e posicionamento de compressões torácicas distintas do padrão de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Dadas essas particularidades logísticas, o atendimento segue de acordo com os protocolos e diretrizes nacionais e internacionais do International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) de 2015, das diretrizes da American Heart Association (AHA) de 2019 e da Atualização da Diretriz de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e Cuidados de Emergência da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia de 2019.
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- 2020
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21. Cuidados intensivos cardíacos em Portugal: projetar a mudança
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Sílvia Monteiro, Ana Teresa Timóteo, Daniel Caeiro, Marisa Silva, António Tralhão, Cláudio Guerreiro, Doroteia Silva, Carlos Aguiar, José Santos, Pedro Monteiro, Victor Gil, and João Morais
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Cardiac intensive care units ,Organizational models ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo: Nos últimos anos, temos assistido a um aumento do número de doentes com necessidade de cuidados cardíacos agudos, com patologia cardiovascular progressivamente mais complexa, muitas vezes complicada por comorbilidades não cardiovasculares agudas ou crónicas, com impacto na abordagem e prognóstico destes doentes. As unidades coronárias têm evoluído para unidades de cuidados intensivos cardíacos, caracterizadas por cuidados de saúde altamente especializados ao doente cardíaco crítico. Tendo em conta que os recursos humanos e técnicos nesta área são limitados, considerámos ser urgente uma reflexão profunda sobre o modelo de organização dos cuidados ao doente cardíaco agudo, incluindo a definição do nível de cuidados, a constituição e formação da equipa e a criação de redes de referenciação.Paralelamente, é fundamental um investimento claro dos serviços nesta área central da cardiologia, de forma a alavancar o desenvolvimento contínuo e sustentado de outras áreas cardiológicas essenciais, nomeadamente a eletrofisiologia e a cardiologia de intervenção, assegurando cuidados de excelência e de elevada diferenciação a todos os doentes cardíacos críticos. Abstract: In recent years, the number of patients requiring acute cardiac care has increased, with progressively more complex cardiovascular conditions, often complicated by acute or chronic non‐cardiovascular comorbidities, which affects the management and prognosis of these patients. Coronary care units have evolved into cardiac intensive care units, which provide highly specialized health care for the critical heart patient. In view of the limited human and technical resources in this area, we consider that there is an urgent need for an in‐depth analysis of the organizational model for acute cardiac care, including the definition of the level of care, the composition and training of the team, and the creation of referral networks. It is also crucial to establish protocols and to adopt safe clinical practices to improve levels of quality and safety in the treatment of patients. Considering that acute cardiac care involves conditions with very different severity and prognosis, it is essential to define the level of care to be provided for each type of acute cardiovascular condition in terms of the team, available techniques and infrastructure. This will lead to improvements in the quality of care and patient prognosis, and will also enable more efficient allocation of resources.
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- 2020
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22. Fulminant Eosinophilic Myocarditis
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Pedro M. Lopes, MD, Bruno M.L. Rocha, MD, Gonçalo J.L. Cunha, MD, Sara Ranchordas, MD, Catarina Albuquerque, MD, António M. Ferreira, MD, Carlos Aguiar, MD, Marisa Trabulo, MD, José P. Neves, MD, and Miguel Mendes, MD
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acute heart failure ,autoimmune ,cardiac assist devices ,Churg-Strauss syndrome ,heart team ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
We describe a case of fulminant eosinophilic myocarditis as the first presentation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, promptly managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. This case highlights the multidisciplinary work involving all health care professionals in the acute management of these patients and discusses it from an educational point of view. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
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- 2020
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23. Haemodynamic effects and potential clinical implications of inhaled nitric oxide during right heart catheterization in heart transplant candidates
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Christopher Strong, Luís Raposo, Mariana Castro, Sérgio Madeira, António Tralhão, António Ventosa, Maria José Rebocho, Manuel Almeida, Carlos Aguiar, José Pedro Neves, and Miguel Mendes
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Heart failure ,Right heart catheterization ,Heart transplantation ,Pulmonary hypertension ,Vasodilator chalange ,Nitric oxide ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Aims Right heart catheterization (RHC) is indicated in all candidates for heart transplantation (HT). An acute vasodilator challenge is recommended for those with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to assess its reversibility. The effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics have been reported only in small series. Our purpose was to describe the response to iNO in a larger population and its potential clinical implications. Methods and results From 210 RHC procedures performed between 2010 and 2019, vasodilator challenge with iNO was used in 108 patients, of which 66 had advanced heart failure undergoing assessment for HT (55±11 years old; 74.2% male gender; 43.9% ischaemic cardiomyopathy; left ventricular ejection fraction 28.4 ± 11,4%; and peak VO2 12.1 ± 3.0 mL/kg/min). iNO was administered through a tight‐fitting facial mask regardless of baseline pulmonary pressures. Clinical endpoints (all‐cause mortality and acute right heart failure) were assessed according to baseline haemodynamic findings over the available follow‐up period. There were no side effects from iNO administration. Typical response consisted of a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance, consequent to an increase in left ventricular filling pressures, no significant change in mean pulmonary artery pressure (resulting in a lower mean transpulmonary gradient) and a mild increase in cardiac ouput. Pulmonary arterial compliance increased significantly, whereas systemic vascular resistance was only mildly affected. In five cases (7.6%), pulmonary vascular resistance increased paradoxically. All‐cause mortality and post‐HT right heart failure events were overall low and similar in patients without PH or reversible PH. Conclusions Vasodilator challenge with iNO is safe in advanced heart failure patients undergoing RHC prior to HT listing. It produces a reasonably predictable haemodynamic response, which occurs predominantly at the pulmonary circulation level. Clinical implications of iNO‐induced reversibility may be relevant, but further systematic validation is warranted in larger cohorts.
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- 2020
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24. A Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia e o futuro: o que queremos e o que não queremos
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Nuno Cardim, Manuel Antunes, Ana G. Almeida, Carlos Aguiar, Dulce Brito, Fátima Pinto, Henrique Girão, Jorge Ferreira, José Carlos Silva Cardoso, Manuel Sousa Almeida, and Mário Oliveira
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2022
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25. Plant Functional Dispersion, Vulnerability and Originality Increase Arthropod Functions from a Protected Mountain Mediterranean Area in Spring
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Bruno Calheiros-Nogueira, Carlos Aguiar, and María Villa
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bottom-up interactions ,plant–arthropod interactions ,ecosystem services ,trait-based ecology ,functional groups ,Natural Park of Montesinho ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Plant diversity often contributes to the shape of arthropod communities, which in turn supply important ecosystem services. However, the current biodiversity loss scenario, particularly worrying for arthropods, constitutes a threat for sustainability. From a trait-based ecology approach, our goal was to evaluate the bottom-up relationships to obtain a better understanding of the conservation of the arthropod function within the ecosystem. Specifically, we aim: (i) to describe the plant taxonomic and functional diversity in spring within relevant habitats of a natural protected area from the Mediterranean basin; and (ii) to evaluate the response of the arthropod functional community to plants. Plants and arthropods were sampled and identified, taxonomic and functional indices calculated, and the plant–arthropod relationships analyzed. Generally, oak forests and scrublands showed a higher plant functional diversity while the plant taxonomic richness was higher in grasslands and chestnut orchards. The abundance of arthropod functional groups increased with the plant taxonomic diversity, functional dispersion, vulnerability and originality, suggesting that single traits (e.g., flower shape or color) may be more relevant for the arthropod function. Results indicate the functional vulnerability of seminatural habitats, the relevance of grasslands and chestnut orchards for arthropod functions and pave the way for further studies about plant–arthropod interactions from a trait-based ecology approach.
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- 2023
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26. Aplicação da técnica de biorremediação Landfarming para remoção de rejeitos oriundos do processo de adsorção de gasolina
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Cavalcante, Jéssica Caroline Freitas, primary, Santos, Jucelino dos, additional, Silva, José Carlos Aguiar da, additional, Lima, Lígia Maria Ribeiro, additional, and Lima, Lenilde Mérgia Ribeiro, additional
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- 2021
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27. Endomyocardial biopsy: a 21st century diagnostic tool
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Rosa Gouveia, Maria Andrade, Carlos Aguiar, and Sância Ramos
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endomyocardial biopsy ,native heart ,cardiac graft ,21st century. ,Medicine - Abstract
The question of the utility of Endomyocardial Biopsy (EMB) often and recurrently raises. It is claimed that the image techniques provide identical results without the risks of an invasive procedure. It is a fact that the impressive technico-scientific development of cardiovascular imagological methodologies covers a broad spectrum of diagnosis. It is also a fact that endomyocardial biopsy is not completely risk-free. Yet, when performed by experienced professionals in reference centres, endomyocardial biopsies my disclose a final unexpected nosologic entity, confirm or exclude a proposed diagnosis and, even when not showing specific lesions in the examined samples, EMB may point to a multifocal involvement of the heart that eventually skipped the fragments collected [1, 2, 3].
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- 2022
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28. Efeito da empagliflozina para além do controlo glicémico: benefício cardiovascular em doentes com DMT2 e doença cardiovascular estabelecida
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Pedro Monteiro, Carlos Aguiar, Pedro Matos, José Silva‐Nunes, Rita Birne, Patrícia Branco, Joaquim Calado, Miguel Melo, and Jorge Polónia
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo: A prevalência da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) continua a aumentar e a sua associação com a doença cardiovascular (CV) tem levado à incorporação e valorização de endpoints CV nos ensaios clínicos sobre o tratamento da DMT2.Este artigo faz uma revisão dos vários ensaios já realizados e em desenvolvimento, neste âmbito, com especial enfoque no estudo EMPA‐REG OUTCOME. Neste estudo, a empagliflozina, um inibidor do cotransportador tipo 2 de sódio/glicose (iSGLT2), demonstrou efeitos benéficos na redução do risco CV em doentes com DMT2 e doença CV estabelecida, para além de segurança CV e diminuição dos valores de HbA1c, representando uma mudança de paradigma com impacto ao nível das recomendações internacionais para o tratamento da DMT2. Estes resultados mantiveram‐se em análises de subgrupos posteriores, nomeadamente na insuficiência cardíaca, doença renal crónica e doença arterial periférica, ainda que muitas questões se coloquem sobre os mecanismos envolvidos nestes efeitos – se efeitos hemodinâmicos, efeitos metabólicos ou se a diminuição das concentrações de sódio citoplasmático no miocárdio.Com a diminuição do risco de eventos CV major em doentes com DMT2, os resultados do estudo EMPA‐REG OUTCOME demonstraram, pela primeira vez, proteção CV associada ao efeito de um fármaco anti‐hiperglicémico e iniciaram uma nova era no tratamento e gestão da DMT2. Este estudo levou ao desenvolvimento de outros ensaios, ainda a decorrer, que permitirão estabelecer quais os doentes que mais beneficiarão desta terapêutica, nomeadamente na relação à existência de comorbilidades. Abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase, and its association with cardiovascular (CV) disease has led to the inclusion of CV endpoints in clinical trials on the treatment of T2D.This article explores the various trials already performed and under development in this field, with particular focus on the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial. In this trial, empagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, demonstrated a reduction in CV risk in patients with T2D and established CV disease, in addition to CV safety and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin. This represents a paradigm shift that has led to changes in the international guidelines for the treatment of T2D. These results were maintained in subsequent subgroup analysis for heart failure, chronic kidney disease and peripheral arterial disease, although there are many questions concerning the mechanisms involved in these effects, including whether they are hemodynamic, metabolic or due to decreased myocardial cytoplasmic sodium concentrations.With this reduction in risk for major CV events in patients with T2D, the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated CV protection from a hypoglycemic drug for the first time, and opened a new era in the treatment and management of T2D. This study has led to the development of ongoing trials that will establish which patients will benefit most from this therapy, particularly with regard to comorbidities. Palavras‐chave: Empagliflozina, Diabetes, Doença cardiovascular, Insuficiência cardíaca, Keywords: Empagliflozin, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Heart failure
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- 2019
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29. CODAP: um consenso multidisciplinar sobre a definição, diagnóstico e tratamento da dislipidemia aterogénica em Portugal
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Alberto Mello e Silva, Carlos Aguiar, João Sequeira Duarte, Luciana Couto, Manuel Teixeira Veríssimo, and Pedro Marques da Silva
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: A dislipidemia aterogénica contribui consideravelmente para o risco residual de doença cardiovascular (DCV); não obstante, esta patologia encontra‐se subdiagnosticada e submedicada. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a opinião dos especialistas portugueses e gerar um consenso sobre o diagnóstico e o tratamento da dislipidemia aterogénica, bem como promover a uniformização da prática clínica neste contexto. Métodos: Este estudo consistiu na aplicação de um questionário a um painel de peritos seguindo uma metodologia Delphi modificada. Resultados: A maioria dos itens (88,4%) foi consensual. Os peritos inquiridos mostraram reconhecer a importância da dislipidemia aterogénica, o papel preponderante do colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (c‐LDL) e do colesterol total, excluindo o das lipoproteínas de alta densidade (colesterol não‐HDL), na indicação do risco cardiovascular e na definição de objetivos terapêuticos, a eleição das estatinas como fármaco antidislipidémico de primeira linha e a pertinência da sua associação com o fenofibrato para a redução do risco residual. Não obstante, o painel manifestou incerteza no que se refere ao papel dos triglicerídeos e ao valor terapêutico dos fibratos. Tendo como base a evidência disponível na literatura e as opiniões recolhidas neste estudo, a comissão científica elaborou um algoritmo de tratamento com o objetivo de promover a sensibilização e adequação da terapêutica a doentes com dislipidemia aterogénica. Conclusões: Os inquiridos mostraram estar familiarizados com o conceito e com a importância da dislipidemia aterogénica; as poucas situações de ausência de consenso poderão estar relacionadas com uma diferente interpretação e/ou valorização da evidência científica disponível. Abstract: Introduction and aims: Atherogenic dyslipidemia is an important contributor to residual cardiovascular (CV) risk, but it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study aimed to assess the opinion of Portuguese experts to generate a consensus concerning the diagnosis and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia, as well as to contribute toward standardization of clinical practice in this disorder. Methods: The study consisted in the application of a questionnaire to an expert panel, following a modified Delphi methodology. Results: The majority (88.4%) of the proposed items were found to be consensual. The expert panel recognized the importance of the atherogenic dyslipidemia phenotype, the role played by low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol as risk markers and therapeutic targets, the choice of statins as first‐line lipid‐lowering drugs, and the value of associating statins with fenofibrate as a means to reduce residual CV risk. However, the role played by triglycerides in CV risk and the therapeutic value of fibrates lacked consensus. Taking into consideration the state of the art and the opinions expressed in this study, the scientific committee developed a treatment algorithm aimed to improve the perception and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The experts involved in this study were shown to be familiar with the concept and the importance of atherogenic dyslipidemia. The few situations in which a consensus could not be found were mainly related to the interpretation and/or relevance of the available evidence. Palavras‐chave: Dislipidemia aterogénica, c‐LDL, Colesterol não‐HDL, Triglicerídeos, Fenofibrato, Risco cardiovascular residual, Keywords: Atherogenic dyslipidemia, Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, Triglycerides, Fenofibrate, Residual cardiovascular risk
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- 2019
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30. Suboptimal lipid levels in clinical practice among Portuguese adults with dyslipidemia under lipid-lowering therapy: Data from the DISGEN-LIPID study
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Pedro Marques da Silva, Carlos Aguiar, and João Morais
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Portugal. Hypercholesterolemia has a causal role in atherosclerotic CVD. Guidelines recommend that cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction should be individualized and treatment goals identified. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the primary treatment target. Methods: DISGEN-LIPID was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in 24 centers in Portugal in dyslipidemic patients aged ≥40 years, on lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) for at least three months and with an available lipid profile in the previous six months. Results: A total of 368 patients were analyzed: 48.9% men and 51.1% women (93.9% postmenopausal), of whom 73% had a SCORE of high or very high CV risk. One quarter had a family history of premature CVD; 31% had diabetes; 26% coronary heart disease; 9.5% cerebrovascular disease; and 4.1% peripheral arterial disease. Mean baseline lipid values were total cholesterol (TC) 189 mg/dl, LDL-C 116 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) 53.5 mg/dl, and triglycerides (TG) 135 mg/dl. Women had higher TC (p100 mg/dl (p=0.28), and 58% of men and 47% of women had LDL-C>70 mg/dl (p=0.933). Conclusion: These observational data show that, despite their high-risk profile, more than half of patients under LLT, both men and women, did not achieve the recommended target levels for LDL-C, and a large proportion also had abnormal HDL-C and/or TG. This is a renewed opportunity to improve clinical practice in CV prevention. Resumo: Antecedentes: A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é a principal causa de morbimortalidade em Portugal. Hipercolesterolemia é um reconhecido fator causal na DCV aterosclerótica. As recomendações aconselham a individualização da redução do risco cardiovascular (CV) e da identificação dos objetivos terapêuticos. O LDL-C é o principal alvo do tratamento. Métodos: O DISGEN-LIPID foi um estudo transversal, observacional, com 24 centros em Portugal, que incluiu doentes ≥40 anos e dislipidemia, com tratamento antidislipidémico havia pelo menos três meses e perfil lipídico nos últimos seis meses. Resultados: Foram analisados 368 pacientes: 48,9% homens e 51,1% mulheres (93,9% na pós-menopausa); 73% dos doentes tinham um risco CV alto ou muito alto. Um quarto tinha história familiar de DCV prematura; 31% DMT2, 26% DC; 9,5% doença vascular cerebral; e 4,1% DAP. O perfil lipídico basal médio era CT de 189 mg/dl, LDL-C de 116 mg/dl, HDL-C de 53,5 mg/dl e TG de 135 mg/dl. As mulheres apresentavam um CT (p100 mg/dl (p=0,28) e 58% dos homens e 47% das mulheres apresentavam um valor de LDL-C>70 mg/dl (p=0,933). Conclusão: Os dados mostram que mais de metade dos doentes, homens e mulheres, não alcançou o alvo de LDL-C e um grande número tinha valores indesejáveis de HDL-C e/ou TG. Esta é uma oportunidade para melhorar a prática clínica em prevenção CV. Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Real world, Cardiovascular prevention, Gender, Palavras-chave: Dislipidemia, Mundo real, Prevenção cardiovascular, Género
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- 2019
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31. Reflexiones sobre nueva «Guía cubana de hipertensión arterial»
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Yamila Molina Ramírez, Carlos Aguiar Mota, and María Eugenia Bolufé Vilaza
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2019
32. Nova abordagem para o tratamento da diabetes: da glicemia à doença cardiovascular
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Carlos Aguiar, Rui Duarte, and Davide Carvalho
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo: A diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma das patologias crónicas mais prevalentes no século XXI, constituindo uma doença metabólica com consequências vasculares por aceleração dos processos ateroscleróticos. Caracterizada pela incapacidade de produção ou utilização de insulina, e consequente hiperglicemia e insulinopenia, a DM ocasiona diversas complicações microvasculares, tais como retinopatia e nefropatia, e macrovasculares, incluindo enfarte agudo do miocárdio e acidente vascular cerebral, as quais põem em causa a qualidade e expectativa de vida da pessoa com diabetes. Descrevemos a estreita relação entre DM, fatores de risco cardiovascular e doença cardiovascular e examinamos a abordagem multifatorial para o tratamento dessa doença, incluindo a redução do risco cardiovascular na pessoa com DM tipo 2 (DM2). Por último, analisamos novas perspetivas para o tratamento da DM2, resultantes do desenvolvimento de novos fármacos antidiabéticos. Com esta revisão pretende‐se que o clínico assuma o papel fundamental de orientar a pessoa com diabetes no controlo da sua doença, com vista a melhorar a sua qualidade de vida e o seu prognóstico. Tendo em conta os dados disponíveis atualmente, o aparecimento de novas terapêuticas anti‐hiperglicémicas com comprovado benefício cardiovascular obriga a que a melhor estratégia terapêutica para a DM ultrapasse a redução da hiperglicemia e considere necessariamente a redução do risco cardiovascular. Abstract: Diabetes, a metabolic disease with vascular consequences due to accelerated atherosclerosis, is one of the 21st century's most prevalent chronic diseases. Characterized by inability to produce or use insulin, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency, diabetes causes a variety of microvascular (such as retinopathy and kidney disease) and macrovascular complications (including myocardial infarction and stroke) which reduce the quality of life and life expectancy of individuals with diabetes.We describe the close relationship between diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease, and examine multifactorial approaches to diabetes treatment, including reducing cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Finally, we analyze new prospects for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, resulting from the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.The aim of this review is that the clinician should assume the crucial role of guiding individuals with diabetes in the control of their disease, in order to improve their quality of life and prognosis. In view of the currently available evidence, the emergence of new glucose‐reducing therapies with proven cardiovascular benefit means that the best therapeutic strategy for diabetes must go beyond reducing hyperglycemia and aim to reduce cardiovascular risk. Palavras‐chave: Agonistas do recetor do peptídeo tipo 1 semelhante ao glucagon, Diabetes mellitus, Doenças cardiovasculares, Fatores de risco, Inibidores do cotransportador sódio‐glicose 2, Resultado do tratamento, Keywords: Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Risk factors, Sodium‐glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, Treatment outcome
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- 2019
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33. Características clínicas y laboratoriales de la infección por el virus Chikungunya en pacientes en edad pediátrica del Instituto de Medicina Tropical
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Dolores Lovera, Eliana Gianninoto, Jorge Luis Enrique Ayala Pereira, Fernando Galeano, Sara Amarilla, Carlos Aguiar, Nicolás González, Juan Figueredo, Oscar Merlo, and Celia Martínez de Cuellar
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Fiebre chikungunya ,children ,atypical manifestations ,manifestaciones atípicas ,General Engineering ,Chikungunya fever ,niños - Abstract
RESUMEN Introducción: La fiebre chikungunya (FCHIK) es una enfermedad febril transmitida por mosquitos, que en el niño tiene manifestaciones clínicas diferentes, dependiendo del grupo de edad. Objetivo: el presente trabajo tiene el propósito de identificar las características clínicas y evolutivas de la FCHIK en pacientes ≤15 años, que acudieron al Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT). Materiales y método: estudio observacional, descriptivo retrospectivo, basado en revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes de 0 y 15 años, que consultaron al IMT, entre noviembre/2022 y marzo/ 2023, con diagnóstico de FCHIK. Resultados: de 2050 pacientes febriles que consultaron al IMT entre noviembre/2022 y marzo/2023, 301 fueron casos de FCHIK, 10,6% (32/301) requirió hospitalización, de estos el 62,5% (20/32) era ≤1 año. La presencia de vómitos (p
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- 2023
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34. Challenges of Organ Shortage for Heart Transplant: Surviving Amidst the Chaos of Long Waiting Times
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Sérgio Maltês, MD, Bruno M.L. Rocha, MD, Gonçalo J.L. Cunha, MD, Catarina Brízido, MD, Christopher Strong, MD, António Tralhão, MD, André Weigert, MD, João Sequeira Duarte, MD, Carlos Aguiar, MD, Miguel Mendes, MD, and José P. Neves, MD
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Surgery ,RD1-811 - Published
- 2021
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35. The European Society of Cardiology - A Digital Educator
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Kevin Fox, Susanna Price, Stephan Achenbach, Carlos Aguiar, Nico Bruining, Martin Cowie, Chris Plummer, Marco Roffi, and Mark Westwood
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digital ,education ,cardiology ,european ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
The mission statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) is “to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease”. The ESC is the leading scientific society for cardiovascular health care professionals across Europe and increasingly the world. Recognising the need for democratisation of education in cardiology, the ESC has for many years embraced the digital world within its education programme. As in all areas of medicine, the COVID-19 pandemic required an agile response to be able to continue to provide not only a digital congress but also education, training and assessment in an almost totally digital world. In this paper we will describe the digital learning activities of the ESC, the successes and the challenges of the transformation that has taken place in the last 18 months as well as an overview of the vision for education, training and assessment in the post-COVID digital era. We understand the need to provide a portfolio of educational styles to suit a diverse range of learners. It is clear that digital CME provides opportunities but it is likely that it will not entirely replace in-person learning. In planning for the future, we regard the provision of digital CME as central to fulfiling our mission.
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- 2021
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36. Essays on outsourcing and vertical integration
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Teixeria, Joao Carlos Aguiar
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338.6041 - Published
- 2009
37. Beyond exercise oscillatory ventilations: the prognostic impact of loop gain in heart failure
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Gonçalo J L Cunha, Sérgio Maltês, Bruno M L Rocha, Duarte Nina, Carlos Aguiar, Maria J Andrade, Luís Moreno, Anaí Durazzo, Miguel Mendes, and Piergiuseppe Agostoni
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Epidemiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is a strong prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This phenomenon can be explained through a single quantitative measurement of ventilatory instability, the loop gain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether loop gain could be a better tool than subjective EOV evaluation to identify HF patients with a higher risk of major cardiovascular complications. This was a single-center retrospective study that included patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 50% consecutively referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) from 2016 to 2020. Loop gain was measured through computational evaluation of the minute ventilation graph. Of the 250 patients included, the 66 that presented EOV also had higher values of loop gain, when compared with patients without EOV. Those with both EOV and higher loop gain had more severe HF, with higher NT-proBNP and VE/VCO2 slope as well as lower peak VO2 and LVEF. On multivariable analysis, loop gain was strongly correlated with the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation, urgent left ventricular assist device implantation, or HF hospitalization, even after correcting for peak VO2, LVEF, VE/VCO2 slope, and NT-proBNP. The presence of EOV was not prognostically significant in this analysis. Loop gain is an objective parameter that quantifies ventilatory instability and showed to have a strong prognostic value in a cohort of patients with HF and LVEF ≤50%, outperforming the classification of EOV.
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- 2023
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38. SCA-SSST na Emergência: Você Consegue Adivinhar o que está sob o Guarda-Chuva?
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Bruno Rocha and Carlos Aguiar
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda ,Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST ,Biomarcadores ,Isquemia Miocárdica ,Troponina ,Eletrocardiografia/métodos ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2021
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39. Anorexia nerviosa: trastorno poco frecuente en adolescentes varones
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Mercedes Véliz Sánchez, Carlos Aguiar Mota, and Marileé Graciela Infante Aguirre
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anorexia nerviosa ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno grave, muy frecuente entre los jóvenes en el período de la pubertad, caracterizado por una fuerte limitación autoimpuesta de la dieta, y que a su vez determina una gran pérdida de peso con peligro para la vida, desnutrición, malestar y otros síntomas asociados. El objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar que es posible lograr una respuesta terapéutica efectiva mediante métodos psicoterapéuticos, en pacientes masculinos jóvenes con anorexia nerviosa. La psicoterapia individual y de familia favoreció la concientización y la importancia de una adecuada nutrición para el adolescente. Su peso se restableció a 42 kilogramos durante las primeras 16 semanas de tratamiento.
- Published
- 2018
40. Is the PARADIGM-HF cohort representative of the real-world heart failure patient population?
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Gustavo Rodrigues, António Tralhão, Carlos Aguiar, Pedro Freitas, António Ventosa, and Miguel Mendes
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Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Introduction: A new drug with prognostic impact on heart failure, sacubitril/valsartan, has been introduced in current guidelines. However, randomized trial results can be compromised by lack of representativeness. We aimed to assess the representativeness of the PARADIGM-HF trial in a real-world population of patients with heart failure. Methods: We reviewed the records of 196 outpatients followed in a heart failure clinic between January 2013 and December 2014. After exclusion of 44 patients with preserved ejection fraction, the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the trial were applied. Results: Of the 152 patients with systolic heart failure, 106 lacked one or more inclusion criteria and 45 had at least one exclusion criterion. Considering only patients with ejection fraction ≤35% (HFrEF) (n=88), 43 patients lacked at least one inclusion criterion and 25 patients had at least one exclusion criterion. Combining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24.3% of patients with systolic HF (ejection fraction ≤50%) and 42% of patients with HFrEF would be eligible for the PARADIGM-HF trial. Conclusion: One in four patients with systolic HF followed in a heart failure outpatient clinic would fulfill the reference study criteria for treatment with the new drug, sacubitril/valsartan. Resumo: Introdução: Um novo medicamento com impacto prognóstico em doentes com insuficiência cardíaca foi introduzido nas guidelines mais recentes. Contudo, os resultados de estudos aleatorizados podem ser prejudicados pela falta de representatividade. Os autores ambicionam avaliar a representatividade do estudo PARADIGM-HF numa população do mundo real de doentes com insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: Foram revistos os registos de 196 pacientes seguidos em consulta dedicada a insuficiência cardíaca de um hospital terciário entre janeiro de 2016 e dezembro de 2014. Após exclusão de 44 doentes com fração de ejeção preservada, os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram aplicados. Resultados: Dos 152 doentes com insuficiência cardíaca com disfunção sistólica, 106 não preenchiam um ou mais critérios de inclusão e tinham pelo menos um critério de exclusão. Considerando apenas os doentes com fração de ejeção ≤ 35% (N = 88), 43 doentes não preenchiam pelo menos um critério de inclusão e 25 tinham pelo menos um critério de exclusão. Combinando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 24,3% dos doentes com fração de ejeção < 50% e 42% dos doentes com fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda reduzida seriam elegíveis para o estudo PARADIGM-HF. Conclusão: Um em cada quatro doentes com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, seguidos em ambulatório na consulta de insuficiência cardíaca, cumpririam os critérios do estudo de referência que levou à aprovação do novo fármaco inibidor dos recetores de angiotensina e da neprilisina. Keywords: Heart failure, Sacubitril/valsartan, Reduced ejection fraction, Medical therapy, Palavras-chave: Insuficiência cardíaca, Sacubitril-valsartan, Fração de ejeção reduzida, Terapêutica médica
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- 2018
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41. Inequality and Income Distribution in Global Value Chains
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de Medeiros, Carlos Aguiar and Trebat, Nicholas
- Published
- 2017
42. Dabigatran reversal with idarucizumab in a patient undergoing heart transplantation: first European report
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António Tralhão, Carlos Aguiar, Jorge Ferreira, Maria José Rebocho, Emília Santos, Dinis Martins, and José Pedro Neves
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Dabigatran ,Idarucizumab ,Heart transplantation ,Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor with a favorable effectiveness and safety profile when compared to vitamin K antagonists, both in randomized trials and real world registries of atrial fibrillation patients. Yet, physicians’ fear of high bleeding risk scenarios in daily clinical practice still precludes a more widespread use of oral anticoagulation. We hereby report a successful case of dabigatran reversal with the novel monoclonal antibody fragment idarucizumab in a patient undergoing heart transplantation. Case presentation A 45-year old male patient on dabigatran for atrial fibrillation thromboprophylaxis was enlisted for heart transplantation due to end-stage ischemic heart failure. Upon donor availability and suitability and following the last intake of the drug 12 h previously, activated partial thromboplastin time was measured and found to be elevated. After general anesthesia and before extracorporeal circulation, idarucizumab was administered as two boluses of 2.5 g. Orthotopic heart transplantation ensued under full heparinization and cardiopulmonary bypass. Total chest tube output was 1125 mL after 3 days and 4 units of fresh frozen plasma and one platelet pool were administered in the operating room without further need for blood products. The post-operative period was uneventful. Conclusions Idarucizumab was associated with an effective hemostasis in the setting of heart transplantation. Dabigatran may be considered as an alternative to vitamin K antagonists in heart transplant candidates with an indication for oral anticoagulation.
- Published
- 2017
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43. Sacubitril/valsartan: um importante avanço no puzzle terapêutico da insuficiência cardíaca
- Author
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Pedro Marques da Silva and Carlos Aguiar
- Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Resumo: O sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) é um complexo supramolecular de sal de sódio do pró‐fármaco sacubitril, inibidor da neprilisina, e do valsartan, um antagonista dos recetores da angiotensina (ARB), administrado por via oral, recentemente aprovado no tratamento da insuficiência crónica (classes II‐IV NYHA) com fração de ejeção reduzida (IC‐FER). A inibição neuro‐hormonal é um elemento central no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, os benefícios obtidos com o aumento de outros sistemas, tais como os péptidos natriuréticos, foram muito parcelares (e inconsistentes). O desenvolvimento do sacubitril/valsartan e os resultados do PARADIGM‐HF mudaram a situação e abriram uma alternativa no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca crónica. O PARADIGM‐HF foi um grande estudo prospetivo aleatorizado, com dupla ocultação, que demonstrou que a morbimortalidade na insuficiência cardíaca pode ser melhorada com o sacubitril/valsartan, com redução significativa da morte cardiovascular ou da hospitalização por agravamento da insuficiência cardíaca. O sacubitril/valsartan foi também superior ao enalapril na redução da mortalidade total e na limitação da progressão da insuficiência cardíaca. O novo ARNi foi geralmente bem tolerado, sem incremento dos eventos adversos potencialmente fatais (apesar da maior incidência de hipotensão sintomática, mas com uma baixa ocorrência de angioedema). Por essa razão, o sacubitril/valsartan deve substituir o ACEi (ou o ARB) no tratamento da IC‐FER, afirmação já expressa em muitas das novas recomendações terapêuticas. Abstract: Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696), a supramolecular sodium salt complex of the neprilysin inhibitor prodrug sacubitril and the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan, was recently approved in the EU and the USA for the treatment of chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (NYHA class II‐IV). Inhibition of chronically activated neurohormonal pathways (the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system [RAAS] and sympathetic nervous system [SNS]) is central to the treatment of chronic HFrEF. Furthermore, enhancement of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system, with favorable cardiovascular (CV) and renal effects in HF, is a desirable therapeutic goal to complement RAAS and SNS blockade. Sacubitril/valsartan represents a novel pharmacological approach that acts by enhancing the NP system via inhibition of neprilysin (an enzyme that degrades NPs) and by suppressing the RAAS via AT1 receptor blockade, thereby producing more effective neurohormonal modulation than can be achieved with RAAS inhibition alone. In the large, randomized, double‐blind PARADIGM‐HF trial, replacement of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (enalapril) with sacubitril/valsartan resulted in a significant improvement in morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF. Sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in reducing the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization (composite primary endpoint) and all‐cause death, and in limiting progression of HF. Sacubitril/valsartan was generally well tolerated, with a comparable safety profile to enalapril; symptomatic hypotension was more common with sacubitril/valsartan, whereas renal dysfunction, hyperkalemia and cough were less common compared with enalapril. In summary, sacubitril/valsartan is a superior alternative to ACEIs/ARBs in the treatment of HFrEF, a recommendation that is reflected in many HF guidelines. Palavras‐chave: Sacubitril/valsartan, Insuficiência cardíaca, Inibição da neprilisina, Antagonista do recetor da angiotensina‐inibidor da neprilisina, PARADIGM‐HF, Keywords: Sacubitril/valsartan, Heart failure, Neprilysin inhibition, Angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor, PARADIGM‐HF
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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44. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) as a differential diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndromes
- Author
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Yuri Albuquerque Pessoa Santos, Bruno Rangel Antunes Silva, Pollyanna Natividade Zanconato Barros Assis Lira, Luiz Carlos Aguiar Vaz, Thiago Thomaz Mafort, Leonardo Palermo Bruno, and Agnaldo José Lopes
- Subjects
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis ,Vasculitis ,Hypereosinophilic syndromes ,Eosinophilia ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare systemic disease situated between primary small vessel vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES). Here, we present a case of EGPA in a 38-year-old male, with a previous diagnosis of asthma, who presented with fever, migratory lung infiltrates and systemic eosinophilia that was refractory to previous courses of antibiotics. This case highlights the importance of the primary care physician understanding the differential diagnosis of pulmonary eosinophilic syndromes.
- Published
- 2017
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45. EDUCATION BY WORK FOR HEALTH PROGRAM: O CONTROL SOCIAL AT THE UNITED HEALTH SYSTEM
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Ligia Maria Carlos Aguiar and Monica Caixeta dos Santos
- Published
- 2022
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46. Developmentalism With Chinese Characteristics
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Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros and Esther Majerowicz
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Sociology and Political Science ,Political Science and International Relations - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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47. Challenges in patients living with HIV: The sudden cardiac death conundrum
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Bruno Rocha and Carlos Aguiar
- Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Response to the Letter to the Editor – 'The PARADIGM-HF population may be very different from real-world heart failure patients'
- Author
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Gustavo Rodrigues, António Tralhão, Carlos Aguiar, Pedro Freitas, António Ventosa, and Miguel Mendes
- Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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49. Expert perspectives on strategic factors for the management and prevention of heart failure in Portugal
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Daniel Caldeira, Dulce Brito, Carlos Aguiar, José Silva Cardoso, Cândida Fonseca, Fátima Franco, Filipe Macedo, Brenda Moura, Fausto J. Pinto, and António Vaz-Carneiro
- Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
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50. Perfil sociodemográfico e de formação dos enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Distrito Federal
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Lígia Maria Carlos Aguiar and Maria Fátima De Sousa
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General Medicine - Abstract
O objetivo do artigo foi analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e de formação acadêmica dos enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Distrito Federal. Os dados são oriundos da pesquisa “Práticas de Enfermagem no Contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo nacional de métodos mistos”; foram coletados por questionário eletrônico e analisados pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Responderam ao questionário 329 enfermeiros incluídos pelos critérios de atuação em equipes de saúde da família ou cargos de gestão da atenção primária há pelo menos dois anos, que aceitaram participar do estudo nacional que originou os dados. Foram excluídos enfermeiros residentes, de licença de qualquer natureza ou que tenham recusado a participação. O estudo mostrou perfil sociodemográfico majoritariamente feminino, de meia idade, maioria de pessoas negras/pardas, casadas, católicas. A maioria dos profissionais não nasceu no município onde trabalha, mas optou por nele residir, e atua há 12 anos ou mais. Quanto à formação, a maior parte é graduada em instituições de ensino privadas brasileiras, com grande contingente de especialistas e quantidade reduzida de mestres, doutores e pós doutores. Nota-se influência da formação histórica e social da profissão no perfil da categoria, atravessada por questões elitistas, sexistas e racistas, interligadas às práticas de enfermagem, à estruturação do mundo do trabalho e ao reconhecimento social da profissional. Portanto, é necessário romper com o paradigma sociocultural e histórico excludente da formação profissional, para o progresso da autonomia, do reconhecimento e da valorização profissional.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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