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3. Impaired voluntary neuromuscular activation limits muscle power in mobility-limited older adults

Author

Clark, David J., Patten, Carolynn, Reid, Kieran F., Carabello, Robert J., Phillips, Edward M., and Fielding, Roger A.

Subjects
Aged -- Health aspects, Neuromuscular transmission -- Physiological aspects, Neuromuscular transmission -- Health aspects, Aging -- Health aspects, Aging -- Physiological aspects, Health, Seniors
Abstract

Background. Age-related alterations of neuromuscular activation may contribute to deficits in muscle power and mobility function. This study assesses whether impaired activation of the agonist quadriceps and antagonist hamstrings, including amplitude- and velocity-dependent characteristics of activation, may explain differences in leg extension torque and power between healthy middle-aged, healthy older, and mobility-limited older adults. Methods. Torque, power, and electromyography were recorded during maximal voluntary leg extension trials across a range of velocities on an isokinetic dynamometer. Results. Neuromuscular activation was similar between middle-aged and older healthy groups, with differences in torque and power explained predominantly by muscle size. However, the older mobility-limited group demonstrated marked impairment of torque, power, and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits occurring at the fastest movement velocities. Agonist muscle activation was found to be strongly associated with torque output. Conclusions. Similar neuromuscular activation between the middle-aged and older healthy groups indicates that impaired voluntary activation is not an obligatory consequence of aging. However, the finding that the mobility-limited group exhibited impaired activation of the agonist quadriceps and concomitant deficits in torque and power output suggests that neuromuscular activation deficits may contribute to compromised mobility function in older adults. Key Words: Aging--Electromyography--Strength. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq012

Published
2010

8. Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study: a 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans

Author

Das, Sai Krupa, Roberts, Susan B., Bhapkar, Manjushri V., Villareal, Dennis T., Fontana, Luigi, Martin, Corby K., Racette, Susan B., Fuss, Paul J., Kraus, William E., Wong, William W., Saltzman, Edward, Pieper, Carl F., Fielding, Roger A., Schwartz, Ann V., Ravussin, Eric, Redman, Leanne M., Champagne, Catherine, Gupta, Alok, Smith, Steven, Williamson, Donald, Begnaud, Michelle, Cerniauskas, Barbara, Davis, Allison, Gabrielle, Jeanne, Walden, Heather, Currier, Natalie, Shipp, Mandy, Masters, Sarah, Mcnicoll, Melody, Prince, Shelly, Brock, Courtney, Puyau, Renee, Earnest, Conrad, Rood, Jennifer, Stewart, Tiffany, Levitan, Lillian, Traylor, Crystal, Thomas, Susan, Toups, Valerie, Jones, Karen, Tatum, Stephanie, Waguespack, Celeste, Crotwell, Kimberly, Dalfrey, Lisa, Braymer, Amy, Hilliard, Rhonda, Thomas, Onolee, Arceneaux, Jennifer, Laprarie, Stacie, Strate, Allison, Ihrig, Jana, Mancuso, Susan, Beard, Christy, Hymel, Alicia, Shepard, Desti, Correa, John, Jarreau, Denise, Dahmer, Brenda, Bella, Grace, Soroe, Elizabeth, Conner, Bridget, Mccown, Paige, Anaya, Stephanie, Lupo, Melissa, Meydani, Simin, Greenberg, Isaac, Pittas, Anastassios, Scott, Tammy, Gilhooly, Cheryl, Gerber, Kimberly, Kaplan, Marjory, Karabetian, Christy, Kennedy, Russell, Robinson, Lisa, Senait, Assefa, Bembridge, Verona, Berlis, Maria, Buer, Scarlett, Carabello, Robert, Campbell, Cherie, Collins, Lauren, Doherty, Marybeth, Freed, Alicia, Hernandez, Chervonte, Jean-baptiste, Gyna, Krasinski, Mary, Lim-lucas, Marie, Maslova, Ekaterina, Maxwell, Barbara, Mcshea, Jean, Muchowski, Ann, Mulkerrin, Margaret, Murphy, Kerry, Nelsen, Carol, O'Neill, Megan, Rasmussen, Helen, Roche, Brenda, Roman, Eneida, Sproull, Gregory, Victor, St Marie, Storer, Susan, Strissel, Katherine, Valliere, Stephanie, Vilme, Margaret, Wheeler, Justin, Wiley, Jill, Yangarber, Fania, Holloszy, John O., Klein, Sam, Lambert, Charles, Mohammed, B. Selma, Stein, Rick, Cotton, Karen, Hof, Margaret, Massmann, Cherie, Obert, Kathleen, Pearlman, Marni, Reising, Tina M., Weber, Laura, Uhrich, Mary, Schram, Morgan, Meyer, Mel, Carlen, Chelsea, Kee, Lisa, Larson, Barbara, Mcferson, Mary, Sabatino, Rebecca, Toennies, Bridgett, Rochon, James, Bales, Connie W., Galan, Katherine M., Adrian, Richard, Allen, Eleanor Law, Blasko, William, Brown, Nikka, Butts, Maria, Cossin, Elaina K., Curry, Jennifer, Daniel, Jamie, Diemer, Kathleen S., Greiner, Lee, Johnson, Darryl, Jones, Cassandra, Lindblad, Lauren, Mcadams, Luanne, Mansfield, Marty, Murugesan, Senthil, Piner, Lucy, Plummer, Christopher, Revoir, Mike, Smith, Pamela, Spaulding, Monica, Topping, James, Clarke, Lucinda L., Liu, Chun W., Fraley, J. Kennard, Shepherd, John, Palermo, Lisa, Ewing, Susan, Rahorst, Michaela, Navy, Caroline, Lewis, Michael, Tracy, Russell P., Boyle, Rebekah, Cornell, Elaine, Daunais, Patrick, Draayer, Dean, Floersch, Melissa, Gagne, Nicole, Keating, Florence, Patnoad, Angela, Schmidt, Marcia, Gavin, Marcia, Wiener, Frida, Hughes, Ashley, Benken, Laura, Otto, Amy, Halter, Jeffrey, Buchner, David M., Elmer, Patricia, Espeland, Mark, Heymsfield, Steven B., Pi-sunyer, Xavier, Prohaska, Thomas, Shapses, Sue, Speakman, John, Weindruch, Richard, Hadley, Evan C., Hannah, Judy, Romashkan, Sergei, and Evans, Mary

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, CALERIE, Longevity, Calorie restriction, Medicine (miscellaneous), Body composition, Humans, Longterm, Nonobese, Adipose Tissue, Adiposity, Body Fluid Compartments, Body Weight, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Female, Sex Factors, Time, Torso, Waist Circumference, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Caloric Restriction, Energy Intake, Weight Loss, Nutrition and Dietetics, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Doubly labeled water, Biology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Weight loss, Internal medicine, medicine, Fluid compartments, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, medicine.symptom, Body mass index
Abstract

Background: Calorie restriction (CR) retards aging and increases longevity in many animal models. However, it is unclear whether CR can be implemented in humans without adverse effects on body composition.Objective: We evaluated the effect of a 2-y CR regimen on body composition including the influence of sex and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) among participants enrolled in CALERIE-2 (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy), a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.Design: Participants were 218 nonobese (BMI: 21.9-28.0) adults aged 21-51 y who were randomly assigned to 25% CR (CR, n = 143) or ad libitum control (AL, n = 75) in a 2:1 ratio. Measures at baseline and 12 and 24 mo included body weight, waist circumference, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and appendicular mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; activity-related energy expenditure (AREE) by doubly labeled water; and dietary protein intake by self-report. Values are expressed as means ± SDs.Results: The CR group achieved 11.9% ± 0.7% CR over 2-y and had significant decreases in weight (-7.6 ± 0.3 compared with 0.4 ± 0.5 kg), waist circumference (-6.2 ± 0.4 compared with 0.9 ± 0.5 cm), FM (-5.4 ± 0.3 compared with 0.5 ± 0.4 kg), and FFM (-2.0 ± 0.2 compared with -0.0 ± 0.2 kg) at 24 mo relative to the AL group (all between-group P < 0.001). Moreover, FFM as a percentage of body weight at 24 mo was higher, and percentage of FM was lower in the CR group than in the AL. AREE, but not protein intake, predicted preservation of FFM during CR (P < 0.01). Men in the CR group lost significantly more trunk fat (P = 0.03) and FFM expressed as a percentage of weight loss (P < 0.001) than women in the CR group.Conclusions: Two years of CR had broadly favorable effects on both whole-body and regional adiposity that could facilitate health span in humans. The decrements in FFM were commensurate with the reduced body mass; although men in the CR group lost more FFM than the women did, the percentage of FFM in the men in the CR group was higher than at baseline. CALERIE was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193.

Published
2017
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11. Muscle power failure in mobility-limited older adults: preserved single fiber function despite lower whole muscle size, quality and rate of neuromuscular activation

Author

Reid, Kieran F., primary, Doros, Gheorghe, additional, Clark, David J., additional, Patten, Carolynn, additional, Carabello, Robert J., additional, Cloutier, Gregory J., additional, Phillips, Edward M., additional, Krivickas, Lisa S., additional, Frontera, Walter R., additional, and Fielding, Roger A., additional

Published
2011
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