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As a carnivorous fish, the cannibalism are prone to happen in the early seedling stage in Dongting catfish (Silurus asotus), especailly when there is not enough food, which resulting in the low survival rate of Dongting catfish. To find clues to improve the survival rate of Dongting catfish offspring, the comparative transcriptomics analysis were conducted between normal and malformed larval fish, as well as normal larval fish before and after first food intake. In normal and malformed larval fish groups, a total of 881 differential genes were identified, including 634 up-regulated genes and 247 down-regulated genes. From these genes related to growth hormone synthesis and secretion were screened out as SLA isoform X1, SOCS3, STAT1b, JUNB, respectively. In the group of larval fish before and after the first food intake, 4901 up-regulated genes and 3660 down-regulated genes were found, from which the differential genes related to protein digestion and absorption pathway and pancreatic secretion pathway were screened out as cathepsin D precursor, elastase 2 like precursor, elastase 2 precursor, LPL isoform X1, CTRB1 precursor, CTRL precursor, CPA precursor, FABP, SLC15A1, CEL tandem duplicate 2 precursor. The differential genes screened for association with amino acid metabolism were ASAOC precursor, PLD3, NDPKs, trehalase, UMP-CMP kinase, L-amino-acid oxidase, PLB1, FALDH isoform X2, PLA2 precursor, glucokinase. Meanwhile, nine differential genes were selected for qPCR verification. The results confirmed that the relative expression trends of these genes were consistent with those found in the transcriptome. These findings provide an important reference for developing strategies to enhance the survival rate of Dongting catfish at early seedling stage.

Most of the complex biological regulatory activities occur in three dimensions (3D). To better analyze biological processes, it is essential not only to decipher the molecular information of numerous cells but also to understand how their spatial contexts influence their behavior. With the development of spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies, SRT datasets are being generated to simultaneously characterize gene expression and spatial arrangement information within tissues, organs or organisms. To fully leverage spatial information, the focus extends beyond individual two-dimensional (2D) slices. Two tasks known as slices alignment and data integration have been introduced to establish correlations between multiple slices, enhancing the effectiveness of downstream tasks. Currently, numerous related methods have been developed. In this review, we first elucidate the details and principles behind several representative methods. Then we report the testing results of these methods on various SRT datasets, and assess their performance in representative downstream tasks. Insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each method and the reasons behind their performance are discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook on future developments. The codes and details of experiments are now publicly available at https://github.com/YangLabHKUST/SRT_alignment_and_integration.

This study conducted temporary plugging and diversion fracturing (TPDF) experiments using a true triaxial fracturing simulation system within a laboratory setting that replicated a lab-based horizontal well completion with multi-cluster sand jetting perforation. The effects of temporary plugging agent (TPA) particle size, TPA concentration, single-cluster perforation number and cluster number on plugging pressure, multi-fracture diversion pattern and distribution of TPAs were investigated. A combination of TPAs with small particle sizes within the fracture and large particle sizes within the segment is conducive to increasing the plugging pressure and promoting the diversion of multi-fractures. The addition of fibers can quickly achieve ultra-high pressure, but it may lead to longitudinal fractures extending along the wellbore. The temporary plugging peak pressure increases with an increase in the concentration of the TPA, reaching a peak at a certain concentration, and further increases do not significantly improve the temporary plugging peak pressure. The breaking pressure and temporary plugging peak pressure show a decreasing trend with an increase in single-cluster perforation number. A lower number of single-cluster perforations is beneficial for increasing the breaking pressure and temporary plugging peak pressure, and it has a more significant control on the propagation of multi-cluster fractures. A lower number of clusters is not conducive to increasing the total number and complexity of artificial fractures, while a higher number of clusters makes it difficult to achieve effective plugging. The TPAs within the fracture is mainly concentrated in the complex fracture areas, especially at the intersections of fractures. Meanwhile, the TPAs within the segment are primarily distributed near the perforation cluster apertures which initiated complex fractures.

Abstract Optoelectronic neural interfaces can leverage the photovoltaic effect to convert light into electrical current, inducing charge redistribution and enabling nerve stimulation. This method offers a non-genetic and remote approach for neuromodulation. Developing biodegradable and efficient optoelectronic neural interfaces is important for achieving transdermal stimulation while minimizing infection risks associated with device retrieval, thereby maximizing therapeutic outcomes. We propose a biodegradable, flexible, and miniaturized silicon-based neural interface capable of transdermal optoelectronic stimulation for neural modulation and nerve regeneration. Enhancing the device interface with thin-film molybdenum significantly improves the efficacy of neural stimulation. Our study demonstrates successful activation of the sciatic nerve in rodents and the facial nerve in rabbits. Moreover, transdermal optoelectronic stimulation accelerates the functional recovery of injured facial nerves.

Abstract Objective Muscle dysfunction caused by repetitive work or strain in the neck region can interfere muscle responses. Muscle dysfunction can be an important factor in causing cervical spondylosis. However, there has been no research on how the biomechanical properties of the upper cervical spine change when the suboccipital muscle group experiences dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the biomechanical evidence for cervical spondylosis by utilizing the finite element (FE) approach, thus and to provide guidance for clinicians performing acupoint therapy. Methods By varying the elastic modulus of the suboccipital muscle, the four FE models of C0-C3 motion segments were reconstructed under the conditions of normal muscle function and muscle dysfunction. For the two normal condition FE models, the elastic modulus for suboccipital muscles on both sides of the C0-C3 motion segments was equal and within the normal range In one muscle dysfunction FE model, the elastic modulus on both sides was equal and greater than 37 kPa, which represented muscle hypertonia; in the other, the elastic modulus of the left and right suboccipital muscles was different, indicating muscle imbalance. The biomechanical behavior of the lateral atlantoaxial joint (LAAJ), atlanto-odontoid joint (ADJ), and intervertebral disc (IVD) was analyzed by simulations, which were carried out under the six loadings of flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, left and right axial rotation. Results Under flexion, the maximum stress in LAAJ with muscle imbalance was higher than that with normal muscle and hypertonia, while the maximum stress in IVD in the hypertonic model was higher than that in the normal and imbalance models. The maximum stress in ADJ was the largest under extension among all loadings for all models. Muscle imbalance and hypertonia did not cause overstress and stress distribution abnormalities in ADJ. Conclusion Muscle dysfunction increases the stress in LAAJ and in IVD, but it does not affect ADJ.

Abstract Background Deleterious BRCA1/2 (BRCA) mutation raises the risk for BRCA mutation-related malignancies, including breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. Germline variation of BRCA exhibits substantial ethnical diversity. However, there is limited research on the Chinese Han population, constraining the development of strategies for BRCA mutation screening in this large ethnic group. Methods We profile the BRCA mutational spectrum, including single nucleotide variation, insertion/deletion, and large genomic rearrangements in 2,080 apparently healthy Chinese Han individuals and 522 patients with BRCA mutation-related cancer, to determine the BRCA genetic background of the Chinese Han population, especially of the East Han. Incident cancer events were monitored in 1,005 participants from the healthy group, comprising 11 BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic (PLP) variant carriers and 994 PLP-free individuals, including 3 LGR carriers. Results Healthy Chinese Han individuals demonstrated a distinct BRCA mutational spectrum compared to cancer patients, with a 0.53% (1 in 189) prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (PLP) variant, alongside a 3 in 2,080 occurrence of LGR. BRCA1 c. 5470_5477del demonstrated high prevalence (0.44%) in the North Han Chinese and penetrance for breast cancer. None of the 3 LGR carriers developed cancer during the follow-up. We calculated a relative risk of 135.55 (95% CI 25.07 to 732.88) for the development of BRCA mutation-related cancers in the BRCA PLP variant carriers (mean age 42.91 years, median follow-up 10 months) compared to PLP-free individuals (mean age 48.47 years, median follow-up 16 months). Conclusion The unique BRCA mutational profile in the Chinese Han highlights the potential for standardized population-based BRCA variant screening to enhance BRCA mutation-related cancer prevention and treatment.

BackgroundEmerging research suggests the relationship between the oral microbiome and sleep duration with depression, however, the precise mechanisms by which oral microbial diversity influences the sleep-depression nexus remain to be elucidated.MethodsWe analyzed data from 4,692 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), incorporating key demographic variables, oral microbiome diversity metrics, sleep duration, and depression assessment variables. Classical multidimensional scaling facilitated dimensionality reduction, while unsupervised clustering divided participants into groups based on β-diversity dissimilarity matrices. We examined the moderating effects of oral microbiome diversity on the sleep-depression relationship by incorporating interaction terms sleep-oral microbiome diversity into multiple linear regression models.ResultsOur analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and depression. Specifically, α-diversity was a significant moderator, with reduced diversity linked to an increased depression risk in participants with insufficient sleep. Regarding β-diversity, using both Bray-Curtis and UniFrac distance measures, Cluster 2 exhibited the strongest associations in sleep-deprived individuals (Bray-Curtis: β = 1.02, p

ABSTRACTNext point-of-interest (POI) recommendation has been applied by many internet companies to enhance the user travel experience. Recent research advocates deep-learning methods to model long-term check-in sequences and mine mobility patterns of people to improve recommendation performance. Existing approaches model general user preferences based on historical check-ins and can be termed as preference pattern models. The preference pattern is different from the intention pattern, in that it does not emphasize the user mobility pattern of revisiting POIs, which is a common behavior and kind of intention for users. An effective module is needed to predict when and where users will repeat visits. In this paper, we propose a Spatio-Temporal Intention Learning Self-Attention Network (STILSAN) for next POI recommendation. STILSAN employs a preference-intention module to capture the user’s long-term preference and recognizes the user’s intention to revisit some specific POIs at a specific time. Meanwhile, we design a spatial encoder module as a pretrained model for learning POI spatial feature by simulating the spatial clustering phenomenon and the spatial proximity of the POIs. Experiments are conducted on two real-world check-in datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that all the proposed modules can effectively improve recommendation accuracy and STILSAN yields outstanding improvements over the state-of-the-art models.

Abstract Purpose To compare the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic TightRope loop titanium button and clavicular hook plate in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocation of Rockwood III/IV. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with ACJ dislocation in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 was conducted. The patients were assigned to be treated with arthroscopic TightRope loop titanium button (TR group) or clavicular hook plate (HP group). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data and imaging findings of the two groups were compared. Results A total of 58 eligible patients were enrolled in this study. Compared with HP group, TR group had shorter incision length and less blood loss during operation. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 24 months (mean 15.4 months). At 6 months and 12months postoperatively, compared with HP group, TR group had lower VAS and higher CMS, and the difference was statistically significant. At 12 months postoperatively, compared with HP group, TR group had lower ACJ gap and coracoclavicular joint(CCJ) distance, and the difference was statistically significant.In HP group, there were 3 cases of subacromial impact, 1 case of redislocation, 2 cases of traumatic arthritis and 2 cases of wound infection. There was 1 case of redislocation in TR group. Conclusions Compared with clavicular hook plate, arthroscopic TightRope loop titanium button is minimally invasive, safe and effective in the treatment of ACJ dislocation, and has a good trend in clinical application.

Abstract This paper addresses the resource allocation (RA) for ultra‐dense network (UDN), where base stations (BSs) are densely deployed to meet the demands of future wireless communications. However, the design of RA in UDN is challenging, as the RA problem is non‐convex and NP‐hard. Therefore, this paper considers and studies a semi‐distributed resource block (RB) allocation scheme, in order to achieve a well‐balanced trade‐off between performance and complexity. In the context of semi‐distributed RB allocation scheme, the problem can be decomposed into the subproblem of clustering and the subproblem of cluster‐based RB allocation. We first improve the K‐means clustering algorithm by employing the Gaussian modified method, which can significantly decrease the number of iterations for carrying out the K‐means algorithm as well as the failure possibility of clustering. Then, bat algorithm (BA) is introduced to attack the problem of cluster‐based RB allocation. In order to make the original BA applicable to the problem of RB allocation, chaotic sequences are adopted to discretize the initial position of the bats, and simultaneously increase the population diversity of the bats. Furthermore, in order to speed up the convergence of BA, the logarithmic decreasing inertia weight is employed for improving the original BA. Our studies and performance results show that the proposed approaches are capable of achieving a desirable trade‐off between the performance and the implementation complexity.

Abstract Background In this study, an automatic corneal contour extraction algorithm with a shared model is developed to extract contours from dynamic corneal videos containing noise, which improves the accuracy of corneal biomechanical evaluation and clinical diagnoses. The algorithm does not require manual labeling and completes the unsupervised semantic segmentation of each frame in corneal dynamic deformation videos based on a fully convolutional deep-learning network using corneal geometry and texture information. Results We included 1027 corneal videos at Tianjin Eye Hospital (Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital) from May 2020 to November 2021. The videos were obtained by the ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug camera, and then we used the shared model mechanism to accelerate the segmentation of corneal regions in videos, effectively resist noise, determine corneal regions based on shape factors, and finally achieve automatic and accurate extraction of corneal region contours. The Intersection over Union (IoU) of the extracted and real corneal contours using this algorithm reached 95%, and the average overlap error was 0.05, implying that the extracted corneal contour overlapped almost completely with the real contour. Conclusions Compared to other algorithms, the method introduced in this study does not require manual annotation of corneal contour data in advance and can still extract accurate corneal contours from noisy corneal videos with good repeatability.

Biofilms often engender persistent infections, heightened antibiotic resistance, and the recurrence of infections. Therefor, infections related to bacterial biofilms are often chronic and pose challenges in terms of treatment. The main transcription regulatory factor, CsgD, activates csgABC-encoded curli to participate in the composition of extracellular matrix, which is an important skeleton for biofilm development in enterobacteriaceae. In our previous study, a wide range of natural bioactive compounds that exhibit strong affinity to CsgD were screened and identified via molecular docking. Tannic acid (TA) was subsequently chosen, based on its potent biofilm inhibition effect as observed in crystal violet staining. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of TA on the biofilm formation of clinically isolated Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results demonstrated a significant inhibition of E. coli Ec032 biofilm formation by TA, while not substantially affecting the biofilm of the ΔcsgD strain. Moreover, deletion of the csgD gene led to a reduction in Ec032 biofilm formation, alongside diminished bacterial motility and curli synthesis inhibition. Transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR revealed that TA repressed genes associated with the csg operon and other biofilm-related genes. In conclusion, our results suggest that CsgD is one of the key targets for TA to inhibit E. coli biofilm formation. This work preliminarily elucidates the molecular mechanisms of TA inhibiting E. coli biofilm formation, which could provide a lead structure for the development of future antibiofilm drugs.

Objectives: Antibodies to gp210 and sp100 are specific and unique anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Importantly the presence of anti-gp210 and anti-sp100 responses is indicative of poor clinical outcomes. However, the utility of measuring titers of these antibodies remains unclear. Materials and methods: Using the in-house purified gp210 (HSA108-C18) and sp100 (amino acid position 296–386), we quantitatively measured serum autoantibodies to gp210 and sp100 using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) in a very large cohort of 390 patients with PBC, including 259 cases with no prior ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment and 131 cases with UDCA treatment. We also analyzed serial changes in anti-gp210 and anti-sp100 levels in 245 sequential samples from 88 patients. Results: In our cross-sectional analysis, we detected anti-gp210 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-sp100 IgG autoantibodies in 129 out of 390 (33.1%) and 80 out of 390 (20.5%) PBC patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum IgG (st.β = 0.35, P = 0.003) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (st.β = 0.23, P = 0.042) levels at baseline were independently associated with anti-gp210 concentrations. In serial testing, we observed significant fluctuations in anti-gp210 antibody levels. These fluctuations reflected responsiveness to UDCA therapy, particularly in anti-gp210-positive patients with initially lower concentrations in the stages of disease. Conclusions: Our study reflects that quantitative changes of anti-gp210 antibody are indicative of UDCA responses. There is a great need for newer metrics in PBC and we suggest that a more detailed and longer study of these unique ANAs is warranted.

Gene therapy has been extensively investigated and widely used in biomedical fields, such as cancer treatment. However, the most important issues for gene therapy are stability, targeting effect, transfection efficacy, and safety of gene formulation after administration, which seriously limit the further application of gene therapy in clinic. Therefore, gene delivery could be a promising strategy for overcoming these challenges. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are rising nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties, including large specific surface area, easy modification, high conversion efficiency of light, and good biocompatibility, which have achieved promising applications as vehicles for gene delivery in the disease treatment. In this review, we first summarized the research progress of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy. We discussed that 2D material-based gene delivery nanosystems showed high therapeutic efficacy for many diseases treatment, especially cancer. Furthermore, we also proposed that surface modification of 2D materials might be a promising strategy to prepare multi-functional gene carriers for combination therapy with enhanced treatment efficacy. Finally, the future research progress, challenges, and prospects of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene therapy were discussed and concluded. Conclusively, we believe that 2D material-based nanosystems with good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency would be potentially used in clinical settings to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy.

All-dielectric metamaterials have recently received significant attention in the field of nanophotonics, due to their negligible dissipative losses and strong polariton response compared with metallic metamaterials. However, simultaneously achieving an ultra-narrow resonance linewidth and a significant field enhancement in the all-dielectric metamaterials is still a great challenge, limiting their further practical application. In this work, a novel nanostructure composed of silicon ring and nanodimer arrays is theoretically proposed and numerically simulated. Through introducing the coupling between the anapole mode originating from the ring arrays and the gap mode deriving from the nanodimer arrays, the as-designed dielectric metamaterial manifests dual-band high-quality resonance characteristics with strong electric field enhancement reaching up to 300 times, an ultra-narrow linewidth as narrow as 0.35 nm, and a large Q-factor of 4223.43 synchronously. Benefiting from the exceptional optical spectral characteristics, the proposed dielectric nanodimer-ring metamaterial can work as a high-available refractive index sensor, whose sensitivity can reach 307.69 nm RIU−1 with its figure of merit attaining 879.11 RIU−1, efficiently distinguishing an index change of less than 0.01. This research opens up a promising path for achieving extremely narrow spectral linewidth and significant enhancement of the electric field, exhibiting immense possibilities in applications such as biochemical sensing, nonlinear optics, and surface enhanced spectroscopy.

ObjectiveIn this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of Yinhuapinggan granules (YHPGs) in influenza-infected mice. We also examined how YHPGs affect the composition of the intestinal flora and associated metabolites.MethodsWe used the nasal drip method to administer the influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1 to ICR mice. Following successful model construction, the mice were injected with 0.9% sterile saline and low (5.5 g/kg), medium (11 g/kg), and high (22 g/kg) doses of YHPGs. The pathological changes in the lungs and intestines were evaluated by gavage for 5 consecutive days. Detection of sIgA, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and TGF-β cytokine levels in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the colon. To assess the influence of YHPGs on the intestinal microbiota, feces were obtained from the mice for 16s rRNA sequencing, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured in the feces.ResultsBy reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the relative expression of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 in colon tissues, YHPGs had a protective effect in tissues from the lungs and colon. When YHPGs were administered to mice with IAV infection, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Coprobacillus, Akkermansia, Prevotella, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcus increased, whereas the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio decreased.ConclusionThe therapeutic mechanism of YHPGs against IAV infection in mice may be underpinned by modulation of the structural composition of colonic bacteria and regulation of SCFA production.

Abstract BackgroundSleep efficiency is often used as a measure of sleep quality. Getting sufficiently high-quality sleep has been associated with better cognitive function among older adults; however, the relationship between day-to-day sleep quality variability and cognition has not been well-established. ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the relationship between day-to-day sleep efficiency variability and cognitive function among older adults, using accelerometer data and 3 cognitive tests. MethodsWe included older adults aged >65 years with at least 5 days of accelerometer wear time from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who completed the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word-Learning subtest (CERAD-WL), and the Animal Fluency Test (AFT). Sleep efficiency was derived using a data-driven machine learning algorithm. We examined associations between sleep efficiency variability and scores on each cognitive test adjusted for age, sex, education, household income, marital status, depressive symptoms, diabetes, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, arthritis, heart disease, prior heart attack, prior stroke, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. Associations between average sleep efficiency and each cognitive test score were further examined for comparison purposes. ResultsA total of 1074 older adults from the NHANES were included in this study. Older adults with low average sleep efficiency exhibited higher levels of sleep efficiency variability (Pearson r ConclusionsTargeting consistency in sleep quality may be useful for interventions seeking to preserve cognitive function among older adults.

Abstract The rapid emergence of spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies is revolutionizing our understanding of tissue spatial architecture and biology. Although current ST methods, whether based on next-generation sequencing (seq-based approaches) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (image-based approaches), offer valuable insights, they face limitations either in cellular resolution or transcriptome-wide profiling. To address these limitations, we present SpatialScope, a unified approach integrating scRNA-seq reference data and ST data using deep generative models. With innovation in model and algorithm designs, SpatialScope not only enhances seq-based ST data to achieve single-cell resolution, but also accurately infers transcriptome-wide expression levels for image-based ST data. We demonstrate SpatialScope’s utility through simulation studies and real data analysis from both seq-based and image-based ST approaches. SpatialScope provides spatial characterization of tissue structures at transcriptome-wide single-cell resolution, facilitating downstream analysis, including detecting cellular communication through ligand-receptor interactions, localizing cellular subtypes, and identifying spatially differentially expressed genes.

Introduction: Flavor is a major contributor to consumer preference. Despite being effective at extending the fruit’s commercial life, cold storage also results in a significant loss of flavor volatiles. To date, there has been few studies on the metabolic dynamics and the mechanism underlying the regulatory networks that modulate flavor loss during cold storage for fruit. Methods: The volatile contents were detected by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify structure genes and transcription factors (TFs). DNA methylation was analyzed by whole-genome methylation sequencing during cold storage. Results: We generated a temporal map, over hourly to weekly timescales, for the effects of chilling on flavor volatiles by combining metabolome, transcriptome, and DNA methylome in peach fruit. Based on the big data analysis, we developed a regulatory network for volatile formation and found that a decrease in volatiles during cold storage was significantly correlated with a decrease in the expression of synthesis genes. Moreover, TFs associated with these structure genes were identified. Expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis was reduced while cold tolerance pathway was activated in response to low temperature. Functions of those genes were confirmed through transgenic experiments and across peach cultivars, suggesting our dataset is a useful tool for elucidating regulatory factors that have not yet been clarified in relation to flavor and cold tolerance. Genome wide DNA methylation was induced by chilling and peaked at 7 d followed by a decline during 28 d cold storage. Reduction of gene expression was accompanied by major changes in the methylation status of their promoters, including PpACS1, PpAAT1, PpTPS3 and PpMADS2. Conclusion: Our study revealed the mechanism for chilling-induced flavor loss of peach fruit through time-course transcriptome and DNA methylome analysis.

Abstract The fore‐aft motion of the rotor‐nacelle assembly (RNA) of a rotating floating wind turbine (FWT) can cause an oscillation in aerodynamic thrust, which may be equivalently treated as frequency‐dependent aerodynamic mass and damping effects. In this study, an explicit frequency‐domain analytical model is proposed to calculate the equivalent aerodynamic mass and damping of FWTs, with proper linearization of control system. Assuming that an FWT operates under steady wind conditions and a forced oscillation is exerted at the RNA along the wind direction, the thrust fluctuations are equivalently represented by the force and moment acting on the nacelle instead of pure aerodynamic loads. Based on the thrust oscillation expression, equivalent aerodynamic mass and damping are derived analytically. After verifying the model by numerical comparison, it is used to demonstrate equivalent aerodynamic mass and damping of three wind turbines (5–15 MW). Effects of wind turbine up‐scaling and controller dynamics are addressed. Results show that equivalent aerodynamic mass and damping present a nonlinear characteristic with oscillation frequency in the below‐rated region, while the relationship is close to linear for higher wind speeds. The effect of wind turbine up‐scaling has a visible impact on equivalent aerodynamic mass and damping, especially at near‐rated wind speed. Controller gains affect equivalent aerodynamic mass and damping and should be tuned reasonably in the controller design for FWTs. Outcomes of our study can be used to establish a frequency‐domain coupled model of FWTs and are beneficial for conceptual design and parameter optimization of the platform of FWTs.

Abstract Fine-mapping prioritizes risk variants identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), serving as a critical step to uncover biological mechanisms underlying complex traits. However, several major challenges still remain for existing fine-mapping methods. First, the strong linkage disequilibrium among variants can limit the statistical power and resolution of fine-mapping. Second, it is computationally expensive to simultaneously search for multiple causal variants. Third, the confounding bias hidden in GWAS summary statistics can produce spurious signals. To address these challenges, we develop a statistical method for cross-population fine-mapping (XMAP) by leveraging genetic diversity and accounting for confounding bias. By using cross-population GWAS summary statistics from global biobanks and genomic consortia, we show that XMAP can achieve greater statistical power, better control of false positive rate, and substantially higher computational efficiency for identifying multiple causal signals, compared to existing methods. Importantly, we show that the output of XMAP can be integrated with single-cell datasets, which greatly improves the interpretation of putative causal variants in their cellular context at single-cell resolution.

Abstract Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, and its clinical manifestations are progressive proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and renal failure. The injury and death of glomerular podocytes are the keys to DKD. Currently, a variety of cell death modes have been identified in podocytes, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, etc. The signaling pathways leading to these cell death processes are interconnected and can be activated simultaneously or in parallel. They are essential for cell survival and death that determine the fate of cells. With the deepening of the research on the mechanism of cell death, more and more researchers have devoted their attention to the underlying pathologic research and the drug therapy research of DKD. In this paper, we discussed the podocyte physiologic role and DKD processes. We also provide an overview of the types and specific mechanisms involved in each type of cell death in DKD, as well as related targeted therapy methods and drugs are reviewed. In the last part we discuss the complexity and potential crosstalk between various modes of cell death, which will help improve the understanding of podocyte death and lay a foundation for new and ideal targeted therapy strategies for DKD treatment in the future.

Abstract Objective To examine and quantify liver and kidney lesions and their response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in a TNF-Tg mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Female TNF-Tg (Tg3647) mice were used as the animal model for chronic RA. Ultrasound, immunofluorescence, histological staining, serology tests, and real-time RT-PCR were used to examine the pathological changes in the liver and kidney. Results TNF-Tg mice showed a significant decrease in the body weight and a dramatic increase in the volumes of the gallbladder, knee cavity, and popliteal lymph nodes. The liver and kidneys of TNF-Tg mice showed increased chronic inflammation and accumulation of immune cells and fibrosis, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, upregulation of inflammatory factors and impaired normal function were observed in the liver and kidneys of TNF-Tg mice. Inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis of the liver and kidneys of female TNF-Tg mice were improved after anti-TNF treatment, and better treatment effects were achieved at 4.5-month-old mice when they were received 8 weeks of intervention. Conclusions We found that TNF drives the development of liver and kidney pathology in female TNF-Tg mice and that there are limitations to the loss of utility of anti-TNF for the prolonged treatment of RA-associated hepatic and renal injury. This study provides a reliable and clinically relevant animal model for further studies exploring the molecular mechanisms and drug discovery for hepatorenal pathologies in RA.

Deregulation of cell cycles can result in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer (BC). In fact, abnormal regulation of cell cycle pathways is often observed in breast cancer, leading to malignant cell proliferation. CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) can block the G1 cell cycle through the cyclin D-cyclin dependent kinase 4/6-inhibitor of CDK4-retinoblastoma (cyclinD-CDK4/6-INK4-RB) pathway, thus blocking the proliferation of invasive cells, showing great therapeutic potential to inhibit the spread of BC. So far, three FDA-approved drugs have been shown to be effective in the management of advanced hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC: palbociclib, abemaciclib, and ribociclib. The combination strategy of CDK4/6i and endocrine therapy (ET) has become the standard therapeutic regimen and is increasingly applied to advanced BC patients. The present study aims to clarify whether CDK4/6i can also achieve a certain therapeutic effect on Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) BC. Studies of CDK4/6i are not limited to patients with estrogen receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (ER+/HER2-) advanced BC, but have also expanded to other types of BC. Several pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated the potential of CDK4/6i in treating HER2+ BC. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge and recent findings on the use of CDK4/6i in this type of BC, and provides ideas for the discovery of new treatment modalities.

The discovery of graphene ignites a great deal of interest in the research and advancement of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. Within it, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are highly regarded due to their exceptional electrical and optoelectronic properties. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a TMDC with intriguing properties, such as biocompatibility, tunable bandgap, and outstanding photoelectric characteristics. These features make it a potential candidate for chemical sensing, biosensing, and tumor therapy. Despite the numerous reviews on the synthesis and application of TMDCs in the biomedical field, no comprehensive study still summarizes and unifies the research trends of WS2 from synthesis to biomedical applications. Therefore, this review aims to present a complete and thorough analysis of the current research trends in WS2 across several biomedical domains, including biosensing and nanomedicine, covering antibacterial applications, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and anticancer treatments. Finally, this review also discusses the potential opportunities and obstacles associated with WS2 to deliver a new outlook for advancing its progress in biomedical research.

Abstract The illegal use of compromised email accounts by adversaries can have severe consequences for enterprises and society. Detecting compromised email accounts is more challenging than in the social network field, where email accounts have only a few interaction events (sending and receiving). To address the issue of insufficient features, we propose a novel approach to detecting compromised accounts by combining time zone differences and alternate logins to identify abnormal behavior. Based on this approach, we propose a compromised email account detection framework that relies on widely available and less sensitive login logs and does not require labels. Our framework characterizes login behaviors to identify logins that do not belong to the account owner and outputs a list of account-subnet pairs ranked by their likelihood of having abnormal login relationships. This approach reduces the number of account-subnet pairs that need to be investigated and provides a reference for investigation priority. Our evaluation demonstrates that our method can detect most email accounts that have been accessed by disclosed malicious IP addresses and outperforms similar research. Additionally, our framework has the capability to uncover undisclosed malicious IP addresses.

Recent studies suggested that cancer was a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's nucleic acid sensor, was discovered to be aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. However, its expression pattern across cancers and association with COVID-19 has not been systematically studied. In this study, we proposed a computational framework to comprehensively study the roles of TLR7 in COVID-19 and pan-cancers at genetic, gene expression, protein, epigenetic, and single-cell levels. We found TLR7 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in 6 cancer types and down-regulated in 6 cancer types, further validated in the HPA database at the protein level. The genes significantly co-expressed with TLR7 were mainly enriched in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, endolysosome, and signaling pattern recognition receptor activity. In addition, the abnormal TLR7 expression was associated with Mismatch repair (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB) in various cancers. Mined by the ESTIMATE algorithm, the expression of TLR7 was also closely linked to various immune infiltration patterns in pan-cancer, and TLR7 was mainly enriched in macrophages, as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, TLR7 expressions were very sensitive to a few targeted drugs, such as Alectinib and Imiquimod. In conclusion, TLR7 might be essential in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cancers.

With the rapid development of chemical engineering and biotechnology, polypeptide, as a promising candidate in the biomedical field, has been thoroughly investigated and extensively used as the drug delivery vehicle for diseases treatment, especially cancer, owing to the high biocompatibility, good biodegradability, versatile constructions, and diverse functions. Engineered polypeptide-based drug delivery system (so-called EPP-DDS) can deliver the cargos to the target site via a specific recognition effect, followed by overcoming the barriers like blood brain barrier (BBB) and releasing them by responding to the microenvironment cues, to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side-effect. Herein, it's of great importance to conclude and summarize the updates on EPP-DDS developed by chemical engineering methods. In this review, we first summarized the recent updates in the manufacturing of polypeptide and preparation of EPP-DDS based on green biochemical engineering and/or synthetic processes for cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), gene therapy, and combination therapy. Then, we surveyed the research progress of inflammation-mediated cancer treatment strategies based on EPP-DDS with high anti-inflammation activity. Finally, we concluded the discovery and green production process of engineered polypeptide, challenges, and perspectives of EPP-DDS. Overall, the EPP-DDS has great potential for cancer therapy in the clinic with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effect, which needs the innovation of green biochemical engineering for customized design and production of polypeptides.

In response to the lack of driving force for the growth of the marine economy and the problem of the homogeneous structure of the marine industry, and responding to the policy call of combining "bringing in" and "going global" , so as to improve the quality and efficiency of transformation and upgrading, this paper adopted the difference-in-difference model (DID) to quantitatively evaluate the transformation and upgrading level of marine industrial structure before and after the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, and conducted heterogeneity test, based on the panel data of 11 coastal provinces and municipalities from 2007 to 2019. The results showed that: The Belt and Road Initiative had significantly promoted the transformation and upgrading of marine industrial structure, and there were regional heterogeneity differences. The transformation and upgrading of marine industrial structure in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta were more obvious. FDI had played a significant role in promoting the transformation and upgrading of marine industry. Limited by the lag effect of technology spillover and capital accumulation, the influence of foreign direct investment was not obvious. Therefore, it was proposed that China should rely on the Belt and Road Initiative, actively promote foreign direct investment, improve the innovation capacity of marine science and technology, give full play to regional advantages, and build a diversified open marine industry system.

Molecular rearrangements are ubiquitous in modern synthetic chemistry, providing a powerful strategy to arrive at complex structures in an atom- and step-economic process. Here, the authors disclose a Mn(I)- catalyzed sigmatropic rearrangement of β, γ-unsaturated alcohols via C-C σ-bond activation to site-selectively reorganize carbon skeletons.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus and represents a major cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Current treatment strategies for DN primarily focus on symptom alleviation, lacking effective approaches to halt or reverse DN progression. Circular RNA (circRNA), characterized by a closed-loop structure, has emerged as a novel non-coding RNA regulator of gene expression, attributed to its conservation, stability, specificity, and multifunctionality. Dysregulation of circRNA expression is closely associated with DN progression, whereby circRNA impacts kidney cell injury by modulating cell cycle, differentiation, cell death, as well as influencing the release of inflammatory factors and stromal fibronectin expression. Consequently, circRNA is considered a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for DN. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in the classification, functions, monitoring methods, and databases related to circRNA. The paper focuses on elucidating the impact and underlying mechanisms of circRNA on kidney cells under diabetic conditions, aiming to offer novel insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DN.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of diabetic patients worldwide. The key to treating of DN is early diagnosis and prevention. Once the patient enters the clinical proteinuria stage, renal damage is difficult to reverse. Therefore, developing early treatment methods is critical. DN pathogenesis results from various factors, among which the immune response and inflammation play major roles. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and excessive ROS production. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammation activation is closely related to the occurrence and development of ferroptosis. Moreover, hyperglycemia induces iron overload, lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, all of which are related to DN pathogenesis, indicating that ferroptosis plays a key role in the development of DN. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and the mutual regulatory processes involved in the occurrence and development of DN and inflammation. By discussing and analyzing the relationship between ferroptosis and inflammation in the occurrence and development of DN, we can deepen our understanding of DN pathogenesis and develop new therapeutics targeting ferroptosis or inflammation-related regulatory mechanisms for patients with DN.

Endophytes are core of the plant-associated microbiome, and seed endophytes are closely related to the plant growth and development. Seed germination is an important part of pecan’s life activities, but the composition and changes of microbes during different germination processes have not yet been revealed in pecan seeds. In order to deeply explore the characteristics of endophytes during the germination process of pecan, high-throughput sequencing was performed on seeds at four different germination stages. Findings of present study was found that the diversity and composition of microorganisms were different in different germination stages, and the microbial richness and diversity were highest in the seed endocarp break stage. It was speculated that the change of endophytes in pecan seeds was related to the germination stage. By evaluating the relationship between microbial communities, the core microbiota Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (bacterial) and Anthophyta and Ascomycota (fungal) core microbiota were identified in germinating pecan seeds. Finally, biomarkers in different germination processes of pecan seeds were identified by LEfSe analysis, among which Proteobacteria, Gamma proteobacteria and, Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota and Sordariomycetes were most abundant. Thus, this study will help to explore the interaction mechanism between pecan seeds and endophytes in different germination processes, and provide materials for the research and development of pecan seed endophytes.

Rheumatoid arthritis poses a significant threat to the well-being of individuals as an autoimmune disorder. Calycosin is a flavonoid isolated from the root of Astragalus that may be beneficial in treating rheumatoid arthritis. The anti-inflammatory role and mechanism of calycosin were validated in this study through the utilization of collagen-induced arthritis mice models and lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. By applying RNA sequencing technology and the network pharmacological method, it is demonstrated in the findings that the treatment with calycosin leads to a significant alleviation of arthritis symptoms, mitigation of synovial proliferation, impediment of bone and cartilage devastation, and suppression of activated synovial macrophages in collagen-induced arthritis. Mechanistically, activation of JNK and NF-κB pathways is inhibited by calycosin in lipopolysaccharide/interferon gamma stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages. These results confirm the potential of calycosin, a natural compound, for attenuating rheumatoid arthritis by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent through multiple pathways.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of age-related dementia. Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) emerge as an effective therapeutic target for AD. A series of new substituted acetamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit BChE. The bioassay results revealed that several compounds displayed attractive inhibition against BChE). Among them, compound 8c exhibited the highest BChE inhibition with IC50 values of 3.94 μM. Lineweaver Burk plot indicated that 8c acted as a mixed-type BChE inhibitor. In addition, docking studies confirmed the results obtained through in vitro experiments, and showed that 8c bound to the catalytic anionic site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of BChE active site. Meanwhile, its ADME parameters were approximated using in silico method. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the complex of 8c-BChE were performed, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and the number of hydrogen bonds were calculated as well. These results implied that 8c could serve as appropriate lead molecule for the development of BChE inhibitor.

Negative air ions (NAIs) are an important indicator of air cleanliness in an area, and play a vital role in promoting the psychological and physiological functions of the human body. However, there are few studies regarding the relationship between NAI concentration and various environmental factors in urban forests. Therefore, we established an observation point in the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area in Yangzhou City and continuously measured concentration changes in NAIs for three years. At the same time, we also monitored 14 meteorological factors. A random forest model was used to determine the important environmental factors that affected changes in negative air ion concentrations from a non-comprehensive perspective, determine the prediction accuracy of the model, and screen out environmental factors that have a significant impact on negative air ions. The results showed that the environmental factor that NAIs were the most sensitive to in the Zhuyu Bay urban forest was humidity, followed by PM2.5, then wind direction, methane gas, and finally, temperature. Humidity was the most critical factor primarily because it directly affects the formation of NAIs in the environment and vegetation. We used big data to analyze the relationship between NAIs and environmental factors in forest parks. The results help deepen our understanding of NAIs characteristics and their application in urban forests.

The process of forming metal components through selective laser melting (SLM) results in inherent spherical effects, powder adhesion, and step effects, which collectively lead to surface roughness in stainless steel, limiting its potential for high-end applications. This study utilizes a laser-electrochemical hybrid process to polish SLM-formed 316L stainless steel (SS) and examines the influence of process parameters such as laser power and scanning speed on surface roughness and micro-morphology. A comparative analysis of the surface roughness, microstructure, and wear resistance of SLM-formed 316L SS polished using laser, electrochemical, and laser-electrochemical hybrid processes is presented. The findings demonstrate that, compared to laser and electrochemical polishing alone, the laser-electrochemical hybrid polishing exhibits the most significant improvement in surface roughness and the highest material wear resistance. Additionally, the hybrid process results in a surface free of cracks and only a small number of tiny corrosion holes, making it more suitable for polishing the surface of 316L SS parts manufactured via SLM.

The rusting of metals brings huge losses to the industry every year, and post-treatment of rusted metals to restore their properties to the initial state is a hot topic of current research. In particular, 20 steel, which is widely used in various structural components such as ships, is prone to oxidation in atmospheric environment. Therefore, in this study, a nanosecond pulsed laser was used to remove the rust layer on the surface of 20 steel. The effects of different energy densities and spot overlap rates on the roughness, surface morphology, chemical composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the rust layer were analyzed. The results showed that the best cleaning effect was achieved at an energy density of 4.26 J/cm2 and a spot overlap rate of 75%. Under these conditions, the rust layer was completely removed without damage to the substrate, and it even improved the corrosion resistance of 20 steel. At energy densities of 1.42 J/cm2 and 2.84 J/cm2, the rust layer was not completely removed, while at 5.68 J/cm2, the rust layer was removed but the substrate was damaged. In addition, the mechanism of rust removal and substrate damage is discussed.

Titanium alloy components often experience damage from impact loads during usage, which makes improving the mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloys crucial. This paper investigates the influence of laser scanning irradiation on the tensile properties of thin titanium alloy sheets. Results indicate that the tensile strength of thin titanium alloy sheets exhibits a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease. Different levels of enhancement are observed in the elongation at break of a cross-section. Optimal improvement in the elongation at break is achieved when the laser fluence is around 8 J/cm2, while the maximum increase in tensile strength occurs at approximately 10 J/cm2. Using femtosecond laser surface irradiation, this study compares the maximum enhancement in the tensile strength of titanium alloy base materials, which is approximately 8.54%, and the maximum increase in elongation at break, which reaches 25.61%. In addition, the results verify that cracks in tensile fractures of TC4 start from the middle, while laser-induced fracture cracks occur from both ends.

In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of cancer is raising worldwide. Traditional approaches for cancer patient management including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies provide unsatisfactory results and are often associated with adverse reactions. Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has been a rapidly emerging area of theragnostic in clinical research. It plays a vital role as a bridge between the science and technology of miscellaneous nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomedicine. In general, NPs with a range of sizes of 1–100 nm are thought to be acceptable for cancer medications. NPs may enhance the consistency and solubility of therapeutic drugs to obtain site-specific targeting, controlled release, and safe for healthy organs. NPs have the benefit of pathophysiological properties, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, and an advantage in cancer targeting. Furthermore, theranostic nanoparticles have been established having incorporated diagnostics and therapy in a single system that might provide more personalized treatment with optimal doses and monitoring the distribution, targeting, and response to therapy by using imaging tools. In this review, we have discussed the classes of nanoparticles, targeting approaches, and implications of NPs for cancer theranostics with recent examples.

Abstract Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 season Chinese Super League (CSL) was held in neutral venues, this study aims to analyse the impact of removing home advantage (HA) in CSL. Method 240 games of the CSL 2019 season (home and away double round-robin system) and 160 games of the 2020 season (in neutral venues) were analysed. 27 technical and tactical performance indicators were involved as dependent variables. A multiple linear regression model was established to analyse the influence of removing HA on the performance indicators. Results After moving from home stadium to neutral venue in 2020 season, goal, shot, shot on target, shot from outside box, shot from inside box, shot on target from inside box, corner kick, key pass, cross, breakthrough, tackle decreased significantly (p

To study the effects of dietary energy level on the meat quality of different muscles in finishing pigs, 400 Xiangcun Black pigs (BW = 79.55 ± 4.77 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with varied calculated digestive energy (DE) at 3,050, 3,100, 3,150, 3,200 and 3,250 kcal/kg, respectively. Each treatment had 8 replicates with 10 pigs per replicate. Meat quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition were tested in this study. No differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed-to-gain ratio (P > 0.05) were observed among dietary treatments. Glycogen concentrations of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in DE3150 was higher than those in other groups (P

Highlights 1. Pathologically impaired periventricular white matter was observed in NEC neonatal rats. 2. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury can also lead to intestinal inflammation. 3. CXCL1 and CXCR2 were significantly upregulated in intestinal and brain tissues in NEC, HIBI, and NEC+HIBI rats compared to the normal group. 4. Compared with the HIBI group, CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression continued to increase in NEC+HIBI rats.

Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNMs) has been thoroughly investigated and extensively used in many biomedical fields, especially cancer therapy and bacteria-induced infectious diseases treatment, which have attracted more and more attentions due to the improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced reverse effect. GBNMs, as classic two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, have unique structure and excellent physicochemical properties, exhibiting tremendous potential in cancer therapy and bacteria-induced infectious diseases treatment. In this review, we first introduced the recent advances in development of GBNMs and GBNMs-based treatment strategies for cancer, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and multiple combination therapies. Then, we surveyed the research progress of applications of GBNMs in anti-infection such as antimicrobial resistance, wound healing and removal of biofilm. The mechanism of GBNMs was also expounded. Finally, we concluded and discussed the advantages, challenges/limitations and perspective about the development of GBNMs and GBNMs-based therapies. Collectively, we think that GBNMs could be potential in clinic to promote the improvement of cancer therapy and infections treatment.

A precipitation hardening high-entropy alloy (HEA) (FeCoNi)86Al7Ti7 was fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and ageing treated under different temperatures and time conditions. Yield strength of the aged HEA increases substantially from 710 to 934 and then to 1203 MPa. Theoretical analyses reveal that the coherent L12 precipitate contributes most of the improved strength for the aged HEAs, whereas recovery during ageing causes the decrease of dislocation density thus exerts a softening effect. In addition, it is found that ductility decreases with increasing volume fraction of the incoherent L21 precipitates. Based on a void growth model, the trend is qualitatively explained. Moreover, a new fracture mode, intercellular fracture, is proposed to account for the strong dependence of fracture dimple size on the dislocation cells, also directly validated by delicate microstructural examination. The findings provide an effective strengthening method and propose a unique fracture mechanism for the additively manufactured HEA.

In China, the fast growth of the economy and society is causing a change in the multifunction of cultivated land (MCL), but there is still a lack of proper understanding of the structural connections between these internal functions. Based on exploring the theoretical concept of MCL and quantitative measurement, this paper applied the trade-off/synergy model and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation model to investigate the relationships between the various dimensions of MCL, and the influential factors was revealed by Geographical Detectors. Our research demonstrated that the function of China's cultivated land has obviously changed from a single grain production to a complex including social security, ecological and cultural functions during 2010–2020. Through quantitative measurement of MCL, the results show that, on the one hand, the total amount of MCL increases significantly over time; on the other hand, MCL shows a typical spatial differentiation characteristic of “high in the southern and low in the northern”. According to the analysis of trade-off/synergy, overall, the MCL presents a positive synergy situation, and this situation has been enhanced over time. As to the influencing factors, the socio-economic development, especially the rural development, significantly affected the trade-off/synergy. Moreover, multi-factor interaction considerably improves the explanatory power of the trade-off/synergy relationship for MCL. These results provide evidence for establishing a more efficient use of cultivated land and can also provide food security management strategies.

The infrastructure construction process cannot be separated from construction machinery; it will inevitably produce wear and tear in the work. The level of wear and tear is severe and could cause mechanical accidents. There are safety hazards involved with wear and tear; thus, the study of the lubrication systems of construction machinery is crucial. This paper addresses the problems with the intelligent lubrication systems of construction machinery and establishes a performance evaluation index system for the intelligent lubrication systems of construction machinery by analyzing and selecting appropriate evaluation indexes. Based on the built evaluation system, a performance evaluation model was established based on the hierarchical analysis (analytic hierarchy process, AHP)–entropy weight method and a topological object element model. The feasibility of the model was tested using the example of an off-road mining dump truck. This model analyzes the performance strengths and weaknesses of smart lubrication systems and suggests improvement measures and recommendations for weak links. It also provides a reference for analyzing the performance of smart lubrication systems for other mechanical devices.

While internal electric fields alter charge-separation dynamics in solar-to-chemical conversions, a greater understanding of such processes is necessary. Here, authors analyze charge transfer dynamics modulated by built-in electric fields and identify carrier drift distances as a critical parameter.

Grapefruits ripened in red light-transmitting bags have 62% more carotenoid content than those ripened in natural light, leading to better coloration and higher nutritional quality.