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BackgroundPatients with rectal cancer may develop gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemo-radiotherapeutic treatment that conditions their clinical, functional, and nutritional evolution. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional supplementation with a glutamine-enriched peptide diet (PD) compared to exclusive dietary advice (DA) on gastrointestinal toxicity, interruption of oncologic treatment, and nutritional evolution in patients with rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment.MethodsProspective cohort study with two groups. Patients with rectal cancer in treatment with neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy were recruited. One group of patients received nutritional supplementation with PD, and another group received DA exclusively, from the beginning of radiotherapy until the time of surgery. Intestinal toxicity was evaluated with the CTCAE 5.0 scale, functionality with the ECOG scale and nutritional status with GLIM criteria.ResultsFifty-four patients were initially selected, although 51 were finally enrolled: 25 in the PD group and 26 in the DA group. There was a reduction in the risk of diarrhea in the PD group midway through radiotherapy treatment [RR of 0.218 (95% CI = 0.052–0.923)] and at the end of treatment [RR of 0.103 (95% CI = 0.020–0.537)], as well as a reduction in the risk of developing mucositis at the end of treatment [RR of 0.405 (95% CI = 0.280–0.584)]. The use of a PD also decreased treatment interruptions with radiotherapy in stage III patients (0 vs. 15.8%, p = 0.049) and in malnourished patients (0 vs. 18.2%, p = 0.040).ConclusionThe glutamine-enriched peptide diet had a protective effect on the development of diarrhea and mucositis associated with chemo-radiotherapeutic treatment in patients with colorectal cancer under neoadjuvant treatment, as well as the interruption of radiotherapeutic treatment.

This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional supplementation with a glutamine-enriched oligomeric diet (GEOD) compared to a standard polymeric diet (SPD) in terms of oncology treatment-related diarrhea (OTRD) (frequency and consistency of stools), gastrointestinal toxicity, and functional and nutritional progress. This prospective cohort study compared two groups of patients with rectal cancer in treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy who were at risk of malnutrition. Patients were randomized to receive either 400 ml of GEOD or of SPD from the start of radiotherapy to 30 days after its completion. Eighty patients were recruited, 40 per arm. The GEOD arm had improved stool consistency and a greater reduction in the number of stools compared to the SPD arm (p < 0.001). The relative risk (RR) of developing diarrhea in the GEOD arm was 0.059 (95% CI 0.015-0.229). There was a reduced risk of developing intestinal mucositis in the GEOD arm compared to the SPD arm [RR 0.202 (95% CI 0.102 − 0.399)]. The GEOD arm had greater improvements in functional and nutritional status (p < 0.001). GEOD had a protective effect in terms of the development of gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment in patients with rectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Progression diets after bariatric surgery (BS) are restricted in calories and protein, and they may induce a worsening of body composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a modified diet with an oral nutritional supplement that is hyperproteic and normocaloric over the body composition. Methods: A two-arm ambispective observational cohort study was designed. Forty-four patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were included in the study. Thirty patients received a progression diet with a normocaloric, hyperproteic oral nutritional supplement during the first two weeks after surgery (820 kcal, 65.5 g protein). They were compared with a historical cohort of 14 patients treated with a standard progression diet (220 kcal, 11.5 g protein). Anthropometric and body composition (using electrical bioimpedanciometry) data were analyzed before BS and 1 month after the surgery. Results: The mean age was 47.35(10.22) years; 75% were women, and the average presurgical body mass index (BMI) was 45.98(6.13) kg/m2, with no differences between both arms of intervention. One month after surgery, no differences in the percentage of excess weight loss (%PEWL) were observed between patients in the high-protein-diet group (HP) and low-protein-diet group (LP) (HP: 21.86 (12.60)%; LP: 18.10 (13.49)%; p = 0.38). A lower loss of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was observed in the HP (HP: −5.70 (8.79)%; LP: −10.54 (6.29)%; p < 0.05) and fat-free mass index (HP: 3.86 (8.50)%; LP:−9.44 (5.75)%; p = 0.03), while a higher loss of fat mass was observed in the HP (HP: −14.22 (10.09)%; LP: −5.26 (11.08)%; p < 0.01). Conclusions: In patients undergoing gastric sleeve surgery, the addition of a normocaloric, hyperproteic formula managed to slow down the loss of muscle mass and increase the loss of fat mass with no differences on total weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): R Villar-Taibo [sup.1] , M A Martínez-Olmos [sup.2] , D Bellido-Guerrero [sup.3] , A Calleja-Fernández [sup.1] , R Peinó-García [sup.2] , A Martís-Sueiro [sup.2] , E Camarero-González [sup.2] , [...], Background/objectives: Caregiving can be a stressful task with severe consequences on caregivers&apos; health. Our aim was to evaluate the profile and the burden of caregivers of patients with home artificial nutrition (HAN) in our area. Subjects/methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients who had started HAN over a period of a year (n=573) and their home caregivers (n=103). Epidemiological characteristics of the patients and the type of HAN were registered. Caregivers&apos; profile data (gender, age and degree of kinship) and Zarit Burden Assessments were recorded. Results: Care recipients had a median age of 79.0 (IQR 87) years, neurological and oncological diseases in 50% and a high rate of mobility limitations (80%). Oral supplements with high-calorie formulas were predominant (60%). The usual caregiver profile was a patient&apos;s daughter with a mean age of 53.1 (s.d. 13.4) years acting as the primary caregiver. Burden was absent in 49.5%, light in 18.4% and intense in 32% of caregivers. Intense burden was more frequent in oral over enteral nutrition (42% versus 22.6%; P=0.036). Supplementary nutrition was also associated with higher caregiver burden scores compared with complete diets. In patients with functional limitations, a tendency toward a slightly higher burden was observed. No differences in caregiver burden were detected according to other patient or caregiver characteristics. Conclusions: HAN type appears to be a factor influencing caregiver burden and therefore, evaluation of caregiver burden should be part of HAN programs.

The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a marker of visceral fat distribution and dysfunction. Visceral adiposity is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there is some controversy regarding the association between VAI and NAFLD. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between VAI and NAFLD and to describe the related factors in severely obese patients. A total of 139 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were included in this cross-sectional study. Liver biopsy was performed during surgery. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to study the features related to VAI. A univariate analysis was conducted to identify which factors were associated with liver histology. In the univariate analysis, steatosis, liver inflammation, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis were associated with VAI. In the multivariate analysis, only HOMA (Beta: 0.06; p < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome (Beta: 1.23; p < 0.01) were related to VAI. HOMA, the presence of metabolic syndrome, and waist circumference (WC) were statistically related to the NAFLD activity score (NAS score): HOMA: 0-2: 5.04; 3-4: 7.83; ≥ 5: 11,32; p < 0.01; MS: 0-2: 37 %; 3-4: 33.3 %; ≥ 5: 76%; p < 0.01; WC: 0-2: 128.7 cm; 3-4: 130.7; ≥ 5: 140.6; p < 0.01). For the prediction of NASH (NAS score ≥ 5), the AUROC curve were 0.71 (CI 95 %: 0.63-0.79) for VAI and 0.7 (CI 95 %: 0.62-0.78) for WC. In conclusion, HOMA, WC and metabolic syndrome are related to liver histology in patients with severe obesity. In the multivariate analysis, VAI was associated with HOMA and metabolic syndrome, but not with liver histology.

Objective: To describe the results of the home enteral nutrition (HEN) registry of the NADYA-SENPE group in 2011 and 2012. Material and methods: We retrieved the data of the patients recorded from January 1st 2011 to December 31st 2012. Results: There were 3021 patients in the registry during the period from 29 hospitals, which gives 65.39 per million inhabitants. 97.95% were adults, 51.4% male. Mean age was 67.64 ± 19.1, median age was 72 years for adults and 7 months for children. Median duration with HEN was 351 days and for 97.5% was their first event with HEN. Most patients had HEN because of neurological disease (57.8%). Access route was nasogastric tube for 43.5% and gastrostomy for 33.5%. Most patients had limited activity level and, concerning autonomy, 54.8% needed total help. Nutritional formula was supplied from chemist's office to 73.8% of patients and disposables, when necessary, was supplied from hospitals to 53.8% of patients. HEN was finished for 1,031 patients (34.1%) during the period of study, 56.6% due to decease and 22.2% due to recovery of oral intake. Conclusions: Data from NADYA-SENPE registry must be explained cautiously because it is a non-compulsory registry. In spite of the change in the methodology of the registry in 2010, tendencies regarding HEN have been maintained, other than oral route.

Background and objective: An inadequate fluid therapy can worsen the outcomes of surgical patients, but there are no data in medical patients. The aim of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluid therapy in hospitalised patients of medical wards, and its influence on outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional study including nil-per-os patients admitted in medical wards of the Complejo Asis-tencial Universitario de León. The administered fluid therapy was compared with the standardised requirements. Nutritional status was evaluated with Subjective Global Assessment. Fasting was considered inappropriate if it lasted > 7 days in well-nourished, and >5 days in malnourished patients if nutritional support had not been provided. Results: Fluid therapy lasted 4 (IQR = 2) days, and fasting was inadequately maintained in 27% of patients. Fluid requirements were correctly fulfilled, but patients received an excess of sodium (+58.4%) and chloride (+62.2%), and potassium administration was insufficient (-35.1%). Glucose supply was 68.8 (29.2) g/d, and 99% received < 130 g/d. Patients with an inadequate duration of fasting had a longer hospital stay after adjusting for sex, age, nutritional status, infused volume, electrolytes, glucose and diseases. Only malnutrition predicted mortality during hospitalisation (OR 10.5; 95%CI 1.3 to 83.2), when multivariate analysis was performed. Conclusions: Fasting medical patients receive an inadequate supply of glucose and electrolytes. Prolonged fluid therapy and malnutrition may worsen the outcomes of these patients, independently of other conditions like age or diseases.

Introducción: Se ha comunicado recientemente que la reducción de peso previa a cirugía bariátrica mediante dieta muy baja en calorías (VLCD) durante 2 semanas supone menor tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias. Es debatido, sin embargo, si la pérdida de peso preoperatoria con VLCD puede favorecer pérdida de peso postoperatoria. Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia de una VLCD, seguida durante 6 semanas preoperatorias, en el descenso de peso conseguido al año de la cirugía bariátrica. Evaluar los cambios en parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos conseguidos con dicha dieta. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo no controlado en los pacientes obesos sometidos a derivación biliopancréatica en la Unidad de Obesidad de referencia en el periodo 2008-2010. Los pacientes recibieron durante 6 semanas previas a la intervención una VLCD que aportaba diariamente 840 kcal y 60 g de proteínas (Optisource®). Los datos descriptivos se presentan como media y desviación estándar (DS), y tras comprobar su distribución normal, fueron analizados mediante prueba t de Student, ANOVA o correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Fueron valorados 107 pacientes obesos, de 43,5 (10,2) años, el 72 % fueron mujeres con peso inicial 122,4 (18,6) Kg e IMC de 46,8 (5,5) kg/m². Un 24,5% perdieron más de 10 % de su peso inicial y un 73,5% más de 5% tras VLCD. La media de porcentaje pérdida de exceso de peso (% PSP) a los 12 meses de la intervención fue 59,6 (13,4)%, y aunque fue mayor en los pacientes que habían perdido peso con VLCD, no se asoció de forma significativa: aquellos pacientes con pérdida mayor de 5% perdieron a los 12 meses 59,5 (13,8)% de PSP y 68,4 and 71 (16,2) % de exceso de IMC (%PEIMC), frente a 57,9 (13,1) % y 68,5 (16,6) % si no conseguían esa pérdida. El grupo de pacientes con pérdida mayor de 10 % consiguió %PSP de 63,3 (13,7) y %PEIMC de 70,9 (14,7) vs 58,2 (14,0) y 67,7 (16,7) si no perdieron >10% del peso inicial. No se encontró correlación entre la pérdida preoperatoria con VLCD y %PSP ni de exceso de IMC (%PEIMC) a 3,6,9 y 12 meses, sólo el %PSP a 1 mes se correlacionó con %PSP con VLCD (r = 0,454, p = 0,003). Conclusiones: La pérdida de peso preoperatoria mediante VLCD en pacientes obesos mórbidos no ha demostrado favorecer la pérdida de exceso de peso ni de exceso de IMC al año de la cirugía bariátrica.

Background: The maintenance of weight loss may be influenced by the distribution of macronutrients in the diet and insulin sensitivity. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the longterm effect of two hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios in overweight and obese individuals either with insulin resistance (IR) or without insulin resistance (IS). Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical intervention study. Forty patients were classified as IR/IS after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and then randomized to a diet with either 40% carbohydrate/30% protein/30% fat (diet A) or 55% carbohydrate/15% protein/30% fat (diet B). Results: After one year of follow-up there was no difference in weight loss between diets A and B in each group, but the IS group maintained weight loss better than the IR group [-5.7 (3.9) vs. -0.6 (4.1); P = 0.04]. No differences were found in either Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) or other metabolic glucose parameters except lower insulin at 120 minutes with diet A [21.40 (8.30) vs. 71.40 (17.11); P = 0.02]. Conclusions: The hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios produced similar changes in weight. Insulin resistance may play a negative role in maintaining weight loss.Introducción: El mantenimiento de la pérdida de peso puede estar influido por la distribución de macronutrientes en la dieta y la sensibilidad a la insulina. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto a largo plazo de dos dietas hipocalóricas con diferente distribución de proteínas y carbohidratos (HCO) en individuos con sobrepeso y obesos ya fuese con resistencia a la insulina (IR) o sin resistencia a la insulina (IS). Metodología: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, de intervención clínica. Cuarenta pacientes fueron clasificados como IR / IS después de una prueba de tolerancia oral de 75 g de glucosa y luego asignados al azar a una dieta con 40% de HCO/ 30% proteína /30% grasa (dieta A) o el 55% HCO /15% proteína /30% grasa (dieta B). Resultados: Tras un año de seguimiento, no se observaron diferencias en la pérdida de peso entre las dietas A y B en cada grupo, pero el grupo IS mantuvo la pérdida de peso mejor que el grupo IR [-5,7 (3,9) vs -0,6 (4,1), p = 0,04]. No se encontraron diferencias en ninguno en el Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) u otros parámetros metabólicos de glucosa excepto en una insulina inferior a los 120 minutos con la dieta A [21,40 (8,30) vs 71,40 (17,11), p = 0,02]. Conclusiones: Las dietas hipocalóricas con diferentes proporciones de proteínas y carbohidratos produjeron cambios similares en el peso. La resistencia a la insulina puede jugar un papel negativo en el mantenimiento de la pérdida de peso.

Background Aims: Body composition measurements seem to be not reliable enough in obese patients. Our aim was to compare single frequency-bioelectrical impedance (SF-BIA) analysis; foot-to-foot impedance meters (FFI) or upper body fat analysers (UBFA) and DXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in severely obese patients. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study including 40 severely obese patients. Bioelectrical impedance was performed for SF-BIA (Holtain (H) and OMRON BF 500 (O500)), FFI (Tanita TBF-300 (T)) and UBFA (Omron BF 300 (O300)). DXA scans were performed using a Lunar iDXA. The data were analysed using Pearson's correlation and Bland Altman plots were also drawn to evaluate any agreements. Results: The percentage and total body fat values were 49.2% and 55.2 kg measured with DXA, 44.3%/53.4 kg with O300, 50.6%/58.3 kg with O500, 45.4%/55.4 kg with H and 49.1%/60.3 kg with T. The Holtain BIA showed the worst correlation with DXA for both %BF and FFM. Although the measurements of % body fat, fat mass and fat-free mass were significantly correlated with DXA, each method showed wide limits of agreement, although T was most closely correlated with DXA. Conclusion: Compared to DXA, FFI and UBFA could be useful for assessing body composition in severely obese people, although they appeared to underestimate %BF and FM and their limits of agreement were too wide.Introducción: La medida de la composición corporal parece no tener suficiente fiabilidad en los pacientes obesos. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar técnicas de impedancia monofrecuencia (SF-BIA), impedanciómetros de arco inferior (FFI) o de arco superior (UBFA) con densitometría (DXA) en pacientes con obesidad severa. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio transversal de 40 pacientes con obesidad severa. Se realizó medida de composición corporal mediante impedancia bioeléctrica realizada con dos instrumentos de medida de impedancia monofrecuencia (Holtain (H) y OMRON BF 500 (O500)), FFI (Tanita TBF-300 (T)) y UBFA (Omron BF 300 (O300)). La densitometría para composición corporal se llevó a cabo en un DXA Lunar iDXA. Se analizaron los datos mediante correlación de Pearson y se empleó el método de Bland Altman para evaluar los acuerdos entre técnicas. Resultados: Los valores absolutos y porcentajes grasa corporal fueron 49,2% y 55,2 kg medidos con DXA, 44,3%/53,4 kg con O300, 50,6%/58,3 kg con O500, 45,4%/55,4 kg con H y 49,1%/60,3 kg con T. El impedanciómetro tipo Holtain mostró la peor correlación con DXA, tanto para Porcentaje de grasa como masa libre de grasa. Aunque las medidas de porcentaje de grasa, masa grasa total y masa libre de grasa se correlacionaron con DXA de forma significativa, los límites de concordancia de cada método fueron demasiado amplios. T fue el método mejor correlacionado con DXA. Conclusión: En comparación con DXA, FFI y UBFA podrían ser útiles para valorar composición corporal en pacientes obesos severos, aunque teniendo en cuenta que parecen infraestimar %BF y FM y que sus límites de concordancia son bastante amplios.

Introducción: Existen diferentes metodologías para la estimación del Gasto Energético Total (GET). Objetivo: Conocer qué herramienta resulta más útil para la estimación del GET en sujetos sanos: SenseWearArmband (SWA) o Harris-Benedict (HB). Metodología: Estudio transversal realizado en 32 voluntarios. Se colocó el SWA durante 24 h y se estimó el GET con HB y el factor de actividad calculado con un cuestionario de actividad de 24 h. Resultados: La diferencia entre ambas estimaciones en el GET fue de 351,9 (IC 95% 222,2 a 481,6) kcal/día (p < 0,001). Dicha diferencia no se relacionó con el sexo pero sí con la obesidad. El valor del CCI fue 65,0% (IC 95% 7,8% a 86,2%) con una significación estadística (p < 0,001). Existió una diferencia significativa en la estimación de la actividad entre ambas técnicas [0,4 (IC 95% 0,1 a 0,7) horas (p = 0,007)]. Conclusiones: Existió una diferencia relevante en la estimación del GET mediante HB y SWA.Introduction: Different methodologies for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) are currently used. Objective: To know which tool is most useful to estimate TEE in healthy subjects: SenseWearArmband (SWA) or Harris-Benedict (HB). Methodology: Cross-sectional study in 32 volunteers. SWA was placed for 24 hours and TEE was estimated with HB and the activity factor calculated with a 24-h activity questionnaire. Results: The difference between both estimates of TEE was 351.9 (95% CI 222.2 to 481.6) kcal/day (p < 0.001). This difference was associated with obesity, but not with sex. The value of ICC was 65.0% (95% CI 7.8% to 86.2%) being statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the estimation of the activity between both techniques [0.4 (CI 95% 0.1 to 0.7) hours (p = 0.007)]. Conclusions: A significant difference in the estimation of TEE using HB and SWA has been found.

Objetivo: Evidenciar mediante un análisis DAFO-R realizado por consenso de expertos las características más acuciantes del registro de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria. Material y método: Análisis DAFO-R por consenso de expertos. Se solicitó la participación de los miembros del grupo NADYA activos en los últimos 5 años bajo la premisa de estructurar el DAFO-R sobre las características del registro NADYA desde su inicio. Resultados: Han participado 18 expertos de diferentes hospitales de la geografía española. El análisis interno se inclina positivamente presentando al registro con recursos importantes. En el análisis externo no son numerosas las amenazas, hay factores de gran potencia, "la voluntariedad del registro" y la "dependencia externa de financiación". Las oportunidades identificadas son importantes. Las recomendaciones se dirigen a la estabilización del sistema disminuyendo las amenazas como foco principal de las estrategias a desarrollar al mismo tiempo que se debe potenciar los puntos identificados en oportunidades y fortalezas. Conclusiones: El registro NADYA se muestra en el análisis con gran potencialidad de mejora. Las recomendaciones propuestas deberán estructurarse para continuar la tendencia de desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de la calidad que ha caracterizado al registro NADYA desde su inicio.Objective: To evidence by means of a SWOT-R analysis performed by an expert consensus the most worrying characteristics of the register on Home-based and Outpatient Artificial Nutrition. Material and methods: SWOT-R analysis with expert consensus. We requested the participation of the active members of the NADYA group within the last 5 years with the premise of structuring the SWOT-R based on the characteristics of the NADYA registry from its beginning. Results: 18 experts from hospitals all over Spain have participated. The internal analysis seems to be positive, presenting the registry as having important resources. The external analysis did not show a great number of threats, there are very potent factors, "the voluntariness" of the registry and the "dependence on external financing". The opportunities identified are important. The recommendations are aimed at stabilizing the system by decreasing the threats as one of the main focus of the strategies to develop as well as promoting the items identified as opportunities and strengths. Conclusions: The analysis shows that the NADYA register shows a big potentiality for improvement. The proposed recommendations should be structured in order to stay on the track of development and quality improvement that has characterized the NADYA register from the beginning.

Introducción: La desnutrición influye en la morbimortalidad del paciente con ELA. La unidad de nutrición debe evaluar al paciente precoz y periódicamente ofreciendo las medidas necesarias en la evolución de la enfermedad. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes en el que se analizaron 46 pacientes con diagnóstico de ELA, de los cuáles 21 se encontraban en tratamiento nutricional. Se estudió la edad, forma de inicio de la enfermedad, fecha de entrada en protocolo nutricional, la colocación o no de PEG, y la supervivencia. Se realizó un test de Breslow comparando pacientes que estuvieron en protocolo nutricional respecto de aquellos que no recibieron terapia nutricional, y de aquellos que entraron antes en protocolo respecto de los que entraron después. Resultados: Existió un aumento en la mediana de supervivencia en los pacientes en tratamiento nutricional tanto en ELA bulbar (452 vs 55 días) como en ELA espinal (1.798 vs 357 días; p = 0,002). La mediana de retraso en el inicio de tratamiento nutricional en la ELA espinal fue de 557 días mientras que en la ELA bulbar fue de 230 días: en la ELA espinal los que entraron en protocolo nutricional antes de la mediana tuvieron una supervivencia de 325 días respecto a 181 días (p = 0,09); en la ELA bulbar los que entraron antes de la mediana tuvieron una supervivencia de 435 días respecto a 177 días (p = 0,38). Conclusiones: La entrada de los pacientes con ELA en un protocolo nutricional conlleva un aumento de la supervivencia. Existe una ventaja en la evolución en los pacientes que comienzan antes el tratamiento nutricional.Introduction: Malnutrition affects morbidity and mortality of patients with ALS. The nutrition unit should evaluate these patients early and regularly providing the necessary steps in the evolution of the disease. Methods: A retrospective cohort study in which we analyzed 46 patients diagnosed with ALS, 21 of them received nutritional therapy. We studied age, mode of onset, date of entry into a nutritional protocol, placement of PEG and survival. We performed a test of Breslow comparing patients who were at nutritional protocol with those not receiving nutritional support, and those who received early nutritional therapy with those with delayed nutrition. Results: There was an increase in median survival for patients in nutritional therapy in bulbar ALS (452 vs 55 days) and in spinal ALS (1,798 vs 357 days) (p = 0.002). The median delay in the initiation of nutritional therapy in spinal ALS was 557 days while in bulbar ALS was 230 days. The survival in the spinal ALS of those who entered into nutritional protocol before the median survival was 325 days to 181 days (p = 0.09) while in bulbar ALS those who entered before had a median survival of 435 days to 177 days (p = 0.38). Conclusions: The entry of patients with ALS in a nutritional protocol increases survival. There is an advantage in the evolution of patients with early nutritional treatment.

Introducción: La implantación de hábitos alimentarios saludables en la población infantil en el ámbito escolar y familiar es de gran importancia para la prevención de la obesidad infanto-juvenil. Objetivos: Conocer los hábitos de almuerzo de una población escolar, su prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad así como instaurar hábitos dietéticos saludables y educar nutricionalmente a ésta para mejorar las costumbres alimentarias a través de un almuerzo saludable. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de intervención en escolares. Se incluyeron niños de 10-13 años. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 3 fases: preintervención (valoración antropométrica y cuestionario de frecuencia de almuerzo y de alimentos consumidos), intervención (charlas formativas al profesorado y los padres sobre "la importancia de una correcta alimentación en el escolar", enfocadas en la trascendencia de una alimentación sana y equilibrada que incluyese un almuerzo saludable diariamente en el escolar y entrega del almuerzo durante dos semanas a los alumnos que incluía lácteos, fruta y bocadillo tradicional), postintervención (cuestionario de frecuencia de almuerzo y de alimentos consumidos). Resultados: La frecuencia de sobrepeso fue del 10,6% y de obesidad del 2,6%. Tras la intervención se produjo un incremento del 9,2% de individuos que almorzaban y una modificación de los alimentos consumidos. Conclusión: La modificación de los hábitos dietéticos del almuerzo de los escolares es posible con campañas sencillas de intervención nutricional.Background: The establishment of healthy eating habits in children at school and in family life is very important for preventing obesity in children. Aims: To know the habits of late-breakfast in a scholar population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and establish healthy dietary habits through the late-breakfast. Methods: A prospective interventional study was performed in a school group. Children from 10 to 13 years-old were included. The study had three phases: pre-intervention (anthropometric assessment and questionnaire of late-breakfast frequency), intervention (parents and teachers received information about "the importance of proper nutrition in school" focused on the transcendence of a healthy and balanced diet that includes a suitable late-breakfast every day at school, and the students received the late-breakfast during two weeks that included milk, fruit and a traditional sandwich), and post-intervention (questionnaire of late-breakfast frequency). Results: Frequency of overweight was 10.6% and obesity 2.6%. After the intervention the proportion of children who had late-breakfast increased by 9.2%, and the kind of food which they ate changed. Conclusion: Dietary habits can be modified in a scholar population with an easy nutritional intervention.

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal es una entidad de etiopatogenia aún no bien conocida, con importantes implicaciones nutricionales y metabólicas, por la alta prevalencia de malnutrición que conlleva; por la posible implicación de factores dietéticos en su patogenia; y por la hipótesis de que la intervención nutricional pudiera ser un tratamiento primario de la enfermedad. Algunos nutrientes, además de su función exclusivamente nutricional, podrían inducir un bajo estímulo antigénico, regular respuestas inflamatorias e inmunológicas y estimular el trofismo de la mucosa intestinal. La evidencia disponible actual apoya el empleo de nutrición enteral en enfermedad de Crohn como terapia primaria en adultos si el tratamiento con corticoides no es posible (fracaso o contraindicación) (grado de recomendación A) o bien en terapia combinada con fármacos en pacientes malnutridos y estenosis inflamatoria del intestino. En los pacientes en remisión clínica duradera no se ha demostrado beneficio de la nutrición enteral o suplementos en ausencia de déficits nutricionales. No se recomienda el uso de fórmulas elementales ni modificadas (glutamina, ácidos grasos omega 3). En colitis ulcerosa, no se ha demostrado la influencia de la nutrición sobre la actividad de la enfermedad, aunque disponemos de datos prometedores sobre el papel de los ácidos grasos w3 con cubierta entérica y de un posible papel de los probióticos. En el tratamiento y profilaxis de la pouchitis crónica, el empleo de probióticos puede tener un papel (VSL#3). La nutrición debe considerarse un componente integral en el manejo de los pacientes con EII.Inflammatory bowel disease is an entity with not wellknown pathogenesis, and important nutritional and metabolic implications because of the high prevalence of malnutrition, the possible implication of dietary factors in its pathogenesis and because of the hypothesis that nutritional intervention could be a primary treatment for the disease. Some nutrients could induce a low antigenic stimuli, regulate inflammatory and immunological responses and stimulate intestinal mucosal trophism. Present available evidence supports enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease as a primary treatment if treatment with steroids is not possible (failure or contraindication) (grade of recommendation A) or either combined treatment with drugs in malnourished patients or those with inflammatory bowel stenosis. In those patients with sustained clinical remission, no benefit of either enteral nutrition or supplements in the absence of nutritional deficits has been shown. Elemental or modified formula (glutamine, omega 3 fatty acids) could not be recommended. In ulcerative colitis, nutritional influence over the activity of the disease has not been shown, although there are some promising results regarding enteric coated W3 fatty acids and a possible role for probiotics. In the treatment and prevention of pouchitis, there could be a role for probiotics (VSL#3). Nutritional treatment should be considered an integral component in the Management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Presentamos el caso de un paciente diagnosticado de amiloidosis primaria y síndrome nefrótico que acude a la consulta de dietoterapia. En la consulta inicial se realizó una historia nutricional que incluyó una valoración antropométrica completa, composición corporal, bioquímica completa y análisis de la ingesta. El paciente presentó un exceso de agua corporal, proteinuria, niveles disminuidos de proteínas totales, albúmina, prealbúmina y colesterol HDL y concentraciones elevadas de colesterol total, de LDL y de triglicéridos. El consumo de proteínas y sodio era superior a la recomendación. Se elaboró una dieta personalizada. Tras seis meses de dieta el paciente presentó una pérdida de peso a partir de agua, manteniendo el estado nutricional, una disminución de la proteinuria, manteniéndose la función renal y una mejora del perfil lipídico. El tratamiento dietético del síndrome nefrótico es eficaz para disminuir la proteinuria recuperar y mejorar el perfil lipídico y prevenir la desnutrición del paciente.We present the case of a male patient suffering from a primary amyloidosis and a nephrotic syndrome who came to dietotherapy clinic. In the first visit we made a nutritional record including an anthropometric evaluation, body composition, biochemistry, and food intake. The patient had an excess of body water, proteinuria, low plasma protein, albumin, prealbumin and HDL cholesterol levels, and high concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. The consumption of protein and sodium was higher than the recommendation. An individualized diet was made. Six months later, his weight and the excess of body water decreased, but the fat free mass remained unchanged. The levels of albumin and prealbumin increased, the proteinuria decreased. Total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides decreased until normal levels. Dietetary treatment in nephrotic syndrome is effective to decrease proteinuria, improve cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and to prevent malnutrition.

Objective: to evaluate the usefulness of a non-invasive clinical score to predict liver fibrosis in the steatosis associated with morbid obesity. Patients and methods: we included 88 patients, who underwent bariatric surgery in the Sanitary Area of León, Spain, and who showed a liver biopsy with steatosis greater than 5%. This is a retrospective study in which the rate of fibrosis is calculated from tests performed during the preoperative period, and is then compared to data from intraoperative hepatic biopsies. The analysis population was grouped according to the presence of advanced fibrosis in the liver biopsy (grade 3-4) or its absence (grade 0-2). The cutoff used for diagnosing advanced fibrosis was 0.676 (high cutoff point), and the cutoff point to exclude advanced fibrosis was -1.455 (low cutoff). Results: the prevalence of advanced fibrosis in the histological samples was 5.5%, and 65.9% of patients had no fibrosis. The cutoff for a low negative predictive value was 100%, and sensitivity was 100%. The cutoff point for a high positive predictive value was 1.7%, and specificity was 31.3%. Conclusions: this scoring system for morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery allows to identify those without advanced fibrosis, but cannot predict who may have advanced fibrosis.Objetivo: evaluar la utilidad de un índice de puntuación clínica no invasivo para predecir fibrosis hepática en la esteatosis asociada a la obesidad mórbida. Pacientes y métodos: se incluyeron 88 pacientes, intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica en el área sanitaria de León, que presentaron en la biopsia hepática una esteatosis mayor del 5%. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo en el que se calculó el índice de fibrosis a partir de los datos analíticos del preoperatorio, y se comparó su resultado con los datos de la biopsia hepática intraoperatoria realizada. Para el análisis los pacientes fueron agrupados según presentaban en la biopsia hepática fibrosis avanzada (grado 3-4) o no (grado 0-2). El punto de corte usado para diagnosticar fibrosis avanzada fue 0,676 (punto de corte alto), y el punto de corte para excluir fibrosis avanzada fue -1,455 (punto de corte bajo). Resultados: la prevalencia de fibrosis avanzada en las muestras histológicas fue del 5,5% y el 65,9% de los pacientes no presentaban fibrosis. Para el punto de corte bajo el valor predictivo negativo fue del 100% y la sensibilidad del 100%. Para el punto de corte alto el valor predictivo positivo fue del 1,7% y la especificidad del 31,3%. Conclusiones: el sistema de puntuación analizado permite, en los pacientes con obesidad mórbida candidatos a cirugía bariátrica, detectar aquellos sin fibrosis avanzada, pero no permite predecir aquellos que pueden tener una fibrosis avanzada.

Los equipos multidisciplinares, son una estrategia sugerida hace ya más de un decenio por grupos canadienses. Los pacientes tratados en un ámbito multidisciplinar demuestran un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad renal crónica y mejores parámetros bioquímicos. Los objetivos fueron, aumentar los conocimientos, en nuestros pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y su familia, sobre su enfermedad, su correcto cuidado y sobre el tratamiento renal sustitutivo, a través de la educación en grupo. Valorar si la información aumenta el nivel de ansiedad de los pacientes. Valorar el grado de satisfacción con la intervención educación en grupo. Estudio retrospectivo que contó con 19 pacientes, asistentes a los dos cursos. Se realizaron dos cuestionarios al inicio y al final del curso sobre nivel de conocimientos y el nivel de ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo). Al final de cada edición, se realizó un cuestionario de evaluación. Las variables estudiadas fueron el sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y asistencia de un familiar. El nivel de conocimientos alcanzó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos cuestionarios (inicial-final) (p = 0,013). Los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación del nivel de ansiedad mostraron un ligero incremento en la ansiedad. El cuestionario de satisfacción mostró una valoración muy positiva de la intervención. Podemos concluir, que la mayoría de los pacientes han aumentado sus conocimientos sobre enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y técnicas de sustitución, han demostrado una alta satisfacción con la experiencia de esta intervención y la mayoría han experimentado un ligero aumento de ansiedad.