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35 results on '"California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY)"'

1. Free-riding on product quality in cooperatives: Lessons from an experiment

Author

Olivier Bonroy, Diogo Monteiro, Alexis Garapin, Stephen F. Hamilton, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble (UGA UFR FEG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Newcastle University [Newcastle], School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble ( GAEL ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble ( UGA UFR FEG ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] ( CAL POLY ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, Economics and Econometrics, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing • Cooperatives • Agribusiness, agricultural cooperatives, farm product, media_common.quotation_subject, Pooling, JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing/L.L6.L66 - Food • Beverages • Cosmetics • Tobacco • Wine and Spirits, JEL : C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior, Microeconomics, collective action game, 0502 economics and business, JEL : D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information • Mechanism Design, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, Quality (business), Product (category theory), free-riding, 050207 economics, JEL : L - Industrial Organization/L.L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing/L.L6.L66 - Food • Beverages • Cosmetics • Tobacco • Wine and Spirits, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 05 social sciences, free riding, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Public good, Payment, experimental analysis, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), JEL : Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing • Cooperatives • Agribusiness, product quality, Free riding, Incentive, probability of exclusion, Dividend, cooperative, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Business, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information • Mechanism Design
Abstract

This article was awarded "EAAE Quality of Research Discovery Award for 2019" in July 2020; International audience; An important issue facing marketing cooperatives is that the overall quality of the product depends on the quality of farm products provided by individual members. We conduct an experiment to empirically investigate producer incentives to free-ride on quality among the members of a marketing cooperative in a setting where the average quality provided by cooperative members results in a collective rent that is distributed back to members in a patronage dividend levied in proportion to the quantity produced. Hidden actions by cooperative members that impact quality are imperfectly monitored, but free-riding, when detected, results in exclusion from cooperative returns. The randomized payoff structure of our game results in a novel experimental design that nests public good games and multi-player assurance games. Our findings indicate that free-riding on product quality is deterred when (a) cooperatives base patronage dividends on quality outcomes of smaller groups; (b) payoffs from free-riding are randomized by the possibility of exclusion from cooperative returns; and (c) cooperatives distribute a larger share of returns to members through indirect payments such as capital pooling and cost-sharing arrangements unrelated to product quality.

Published
2019
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2. Optimal investment in human capital under migration uncertainty

Author

Hamed Ghoddusi, Baran Siyahhan, Département Droit, Economie et Finances (DEFI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) (LITEM), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), LITEM-IMO, Département Droit, Economie et Finances (IMT-BS - DEFI), and Télécom Ecole de Management (TEM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Business School (IMT-BS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Transferability, Immigration, Brain drain, International economics, Development, Investment (macroeconomics), Human capital, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility • Immigrant Workers, Emigration, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor/J.J2.J24 - Human Capital • Skills • Occupational Choice • Labor Productivity, Skilled labor, 0502 economics and business, Real options, Economics, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 050207 economics, Human capital investment, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract

FNEGE 3, HCERES A, ABS 2; International audience; This paper develops a model of optimal education investment under uncertainty for an agent with an emigration option. We distinguish between local (country-specific) and global human capital and analyze the role of migration opportunities in human capital accumulation of different types. The analysis shows that human capital accumulation depends on the level of uncertainty and the transferability of human capital across countries. Allowing for human capital investment in the destination country and easier transferability of both local and global human capital exacerbate brain drain.

Published
2021
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3. Discovering lactic acid bacteria by genomics

Author

Todd Klaenhammer, Eric Altermann, Fabrizio Arigoni, Alexander Bolotin, Fred Breidt, Jeffrey Broadbent, Raul Cano, Stephane Chaillou, Josef Deutscher, Mike Gasson, Maarten van de Guchte, Jean Guzzo, Axel Hartke, Trevor Hawkins, Pascal Hols, Robert Hutkins, Michiel Kleerebezem, Jan Kok, Oscar Kuipers, Mark Lubbers, Emmanuelle Maguin, Larry McKay, David Mills, Arjen Nauta, Ross Overbeek, Herman Pel, David Pridmore, Milton Saier, Douwe van Sinderen, Alexei Sorokin, James Steele, Daniel O’Sullivan, Willem de Vos, Bart Weimer, Monique Zagorec, Roland Siezen, Department of Science, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Food Science, Nestlé Research Center, Nestlé Suisse, Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne (UGM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Food Science - USDA Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Utah State University (USU), Environmental Biotechnology Institute [San Luis Obispo] (EBI), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Unité de recherche Flore Lactique et Environnement Carné (UFLEC), UR 0216 UMR INRA / INA PG / CNRS : Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-UMR INRA / INA PG / CNRS : Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire (VERS GRIGN GENETIQ)-Microbiologie (MICROBIO), Institute of Food Research [Norwich], Microbiologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l’Environnement (LME), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Joint Genome Institute Production Genomic Facility, Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Unité de Génétique, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska [Lincoln], University of Nebraska System-University of Nebraska System, Wageningen Center for Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen [Groningen], Fonterra Research Centre, New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Viticulture, University of California, corporate Research FCDF, Integrated Genomics Inc., DSM Food Specialties, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork (UCC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud university [Nijmegen], ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University College Cork, University of North Carolina System (UNC), NESTLE RESEARCH CENTER LAUSANNE CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire de Génetique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes (LGME), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Microorganismes et des Interactions Cellulaires (LGMMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EA 956 USC INRA, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] ( NCSU ), Unité de recherche Génétique Microbienne ( UGM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Utah State University ( USU ), Environmental Biotechnology Institute [San Luis Obispo] ( EBI ), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] ( CAL POLY ), Unité de recherche Flore Lactique et Environnement Carné ( UFLEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -UMR INRA / INA PG / CNRS : Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( VERS GRIGN GENETIQ ) -Microbiologie ( MICROBIO ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l’Environnement ( LME ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Joint Genome Institute ( JGI ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], and University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison]

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbiologie, Lactococcus, Lactic acid bacteria, genomics, Brevibacterium, Pediococcus, Oenococcus, VLAG, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030306 microbiology, food, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, health, Genomics, 15. Life on land, Gram-positive bacteria, Lactococcus lactis, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], lactic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteriagenomics, Lactobacillus, Food, Health, Fermentation, Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc
Abstract

International audience; This review summarizes a collection of lactic acid bacteria that are now undergoing genomic sequencing and analysis. Summaries are presented on twenty different species, with each overview discussing the organisms fundamental and practical significance, environmental habitat, and its role in fermentation, bioprocessing, or probiotics. For those projects where genome sequence data were available by March 2002, summaries include a listing of key statistics and interesting genomic features. These efforts will revolutionize our molecular view of Gram-positive bacteria, as up to 15 genomes from the low GC content lactic acid bacteria are expected to be available in the public domain by the end of 2003. Our collective view of the lactic acid bacteria will be fundamentally changed as we rediscover the relationships and capabilities of these organisms through genomics.

Published
2002
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4. Effects of Postpartum Supplemental Oral Ca for Dairy Cows Fed Prepartum Dietary Acidogenic Salts

Author

Michayla Davidson, Emmanuelle Comets, Garrett R. Oetzel, David B. Vagnoni, Livia Rubio, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], This research received no external funding., Jonchère, Laurent, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Total mixed ration, hypocalcemia, Article, 0403 veterinary science, Excretion, Animal science, Bolus (medicine), SF600-1100, medicine, acidogenic salts, Oral calcium, reproductive and urinary physiology, 2. Zero hunger, General Veterinary, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, food and beverages, Milk fever, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Breed, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], QL1-991, Colostrum, Animal Science and Zoology, oral calcium, Parity (mathematics), business, milk fever, Zoology
Abstract

Postpartum hypocalcemia is a problem in dairy cows. Both the Jersey vs. Holstein breed and increasing parity are known risk factors. Our objectives were: (1) to evaluate a simple approach to provide dietary acidogenic salts suitable for application on small dairies and (2) to evaluate the combined effects of degree of acidification and oral Ca supplementation along with breed and parity group on periparturient Ca status of Holstein and Jersey cows. Cows were moved weekly from the far-off dry pen at 260 days pregnant to the close-up pen, where all cows received the acidogenic diets. The diet was offered as a total mixed ration and CaCl2, and our source of acidogenic salts was top-dressed in liquid form and mixed in by hand. Thirty-six cows were blocked by parity group (parity = 2 vs. parity ≥ 3) and breed (Holstein vs. Jersey) and assigned to one of two treatments (no intervention or postpartum oral Ca bolus supplementation) in an alternating fashion, based on expected date of parturition. Urinary acidification appeared complete within 3–4 days. Increased urinary Ca excretion was &gt, 93% of maximum from 7–21 days before falling to &lt, 5% of maximum by 28 days. Serum Ca concentrations 12–24 h postpartum were lower for Jerseys vs. Holsteins and for parity ≥ 3 vs. parity = 2 cows. Serum Ca over 6–48 h postpartum decreased and increased, respectively, with oral Ca supplementation for parity = 2 and parity ≥ 3 cows. Decreased prepartum urinary Ca excretion and increased colostrum yield appear to be independent risk factors of hypocalcemia for parity ≥ 3 Jerseys.

Published
2021
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5. Machine Learning Undercounts Reproductive Organs on Herbarium Specimens but Accurately Derives Their Quantitative Phenological Status: A Case Study of Streptanthus tortuosus

Author

Hervé Goëau, Susan J. Mazer, Natalie Love, Alexis Joly, Pierre Bonnet, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, natural history collections, Plant Science, Predictor variables, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Flowering time, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenology, Article, phenological shift, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], visual data classification, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], regional convolutional neural network, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Phenology, Botany, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], deep learning, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], object detection, flowering time, biology.organism_classification, Specimen age, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, phenological stage annotation, Herbarium, climate change, QK1-989, Streptanthus tortuosus, Artificial intelligence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, computer
Abstract

Machine learning (ML) can accelerate the extraction of phenological data from herbarium specimens, however, no studies have assessed whether ML-derived phenological data can be used reliably to evaluate ecological patterns. In this study, 709 herbarium specimens representing a widespread annual herb, Streptanthus tortuosus, were scored both manually by human observers and by a mask R-CNN object detection model to (1) evaluate the concordance between ML and manually-derived phenological data and (2) determine whether ML-derived data can be used to reliably assess phenological patterns. The ML model generally underestimated the number of reproductive structures present on each specimen, however, when these counts were used to provide a quantitative estimate of the phenological stage of plants on a given sheet (i.e., the phenological index or PI), the ML and manually-derived PI’s were highly concordant. Moreover, herbarium specimen age had no effect on the estimated PI of a given sheet. Finally, including ML-derived PIs as predictor variables in phenological models produced estimates of the phenological sensitivity of this species to climate, temporal shifts in flowering time, and the rate of phenological progression that are indistinguishable from those produced by models based on data provided by human observers. This study demonstrates that phenological data extracted using machine learning can be used reliably to estimate the phenological stage of herbarium specimens and to detect phenological patterns.

Published
2021
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6. Displacement: Architectural Collage. Investigating Atmospheres in a Design Studio

Author

Shields, Jennifer A. E., California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Réseau International Ambiances, and Masson, Damien

Subjects
History, [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, Atmosphere, Bricolage, Architecture, Collage, FOS: Civil engineering
Abstract

International audience; During the construction of Hearst Castle in CA, W. R. Hearst purchased architectural antiquities from throughout Europe. His motivation was to create an atmosphere providing both rich multi-sensory perceptions and meaning through the cultural values embedded in the European spolia. In 1929, Hearst purchased a 14th century English tithe barn that was disassembled and shipped to CA, but never used. The current owner asked an architectural design studio to investigate how atmospheres might arise through the introduction of fragments of this ancient structure into public spaces in Cal Poly’s Brutalist library. This paper will present the methodology and outcomes of the design studio that investigated how an architectural collage could prompt multiple modes of engagement.

Published
2020
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7. Using Committee Neural Network for Prediction of Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Microchannels

Author

Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi, Akbar Maleki, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo, Arman Haghighi, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
020209 energy, Computer Science::Neural and Evolutionary Computation, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:Chemistry, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Hydraulic diameter, Radial basis function, microchannel, 0204 chemical engineering, Instrumentation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, pressure drop, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Pressure drop, Microchannel, Artificial neural network, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, two-phase flow, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Multilayer perceptron, Acentric factor, intelligence approaches, Two-phase flow, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Algorithm, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Numerous studies have proposed to correlate experimental results, however there are still significant errors in those predictions. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is considered for a two-phase flow pressure drop in microchannels incorporating four neural network structures: multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), general regression (GR), and cascade feedforward (CF). The pressure drop predication by ANN uses six inputs (hydraulic diameter of channel, critical temperature of fluid, critical pressure of fluid, acentric factor of fluid, mass flux, and quality of vapor). According to the experimental data, for each network an optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer is considered in the range 10&ndash, 11. A committee neural network (CNN) is fabricated through the genetic algorithm to improve the accuracy of the predictions. Ultimately, the genetic algorithm designates a weight to each ANN model, which represents the relative contribution of each ANN in the pressure drop predicting process for a two-phase flow within a microchannel. The assessment based on the statistical indexes reveals that the results are not similar for all models, the absolute average relative deviation percent for MLP, CF, GR, and CNN were obtained to be equal to 10.89, 10.65, 7.63, and 5.79, respectively. The CNN approach is demonstrated to be superior to many ANN techniques, even with simple linearity in the model.

Published
2020
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8. Digital inequalities in time of pandemic: COVID-19 exposure risk profiles and new forms of vulnerability

Author

Laura Robinson, Aneka Khilnani, Matías Dodel, Antonio A. Casilli, Gejun Huang, Jeremy Schulz, Noah McClain, Hiroshi Ono, Massimo Ragnedda, Shelia R. Cotten, Maria Laura Ruiu, Paola Tubaro, Anabel Quan-Haase, Lloyd Levine, Deb Aikat, Wenhong Chen, Natalia Tolentino, Santa Clara University, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Georgetown University Medical Center, Hitotsubashi University, Michigan State University System, University of Brescia, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Sociologie Information-Communication Design (SID), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Économie et de la Société (IDHES), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Universidad Católica del Uruguay [Montevideo, Uruguay] (UCU), University of Western Ontario (UWO), University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of North Carolina System (UNC), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation de Telecom Paris (I3 SES), Télécom ParisTech-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom ParisTech-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Differentiation, Inequality, L900, Computer Networks and Communications, media_common.quotation_subject, Ceteris paribus, L300, Vulnerability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Pandemic, Social inequality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, Socioeconomic status, P100, media_common, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, G400, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, 050301 education, Disadvantaged, Human-Computer Interaction, Psychology, 0503 education
Abstract

International audience; In this article, we argue that new kinds of risk are emerging with the COVID-19 virus, and that these risks are unequally distributed. As we expose to view, digital inequalities and social inequalities are rendering certain subgroups significantly more vulnerable to exposure to COVID-19. Vulnerable populations bearing disproportionate risks include the social isolated, older adults, penal system subjects, digitally disadvantaged students, gig workers, and last-mile workers. Therefore, we map out the intersection between COVID-19 risk factors and digital inequalities on each of these populations in order to examine how the digitally resourced have additional tools to mitigate some of the risks associated with the pandemic. We shed light on how the ongoing pandemic is deepening key axes of social differentiation, which were previously occluded from view. These newly manifested forms of social differentiation can be conceived along several related dimensions. At their most general and abstract, these risks have to do with the capacity individuals have to control the risk of pathogen exposure. In order to fully manage exposure risk, individuals must control their physical environment to the greatest extent possible in order to prevent contact with potentially compromised physical spaces. In addition, they must control their social interactional environment to the greatest extent possible in order to minimize their contacts with potentially infected individuals. All else equal, those individuals who exercise more control over their exposure risk — on the basis of their control over their physical and social interactional environments — stand a better chance of staying healthy than those individuals who cannot manage exposure risk. Individuals therefore vary in terms of what we call their COVID-19 exposure risk profile (CERPs). CERPs hinge on preexisting forms of social differentiation such as socioeconomic status, as individuals with more economic resources at their disposal can better insulate themselves from exposure risk. Alongside socioeconomic status, one of the key forms of social differentiation connected with CERPs is digital (dis)advantage. Ceteris paribus, individuals who can more effectively digitize key parts of their lives enjoy better CERPs than individuals who cannot digitize these life realms. Therefore we believe that digital inequalities are directly and increasingly related to both life-or-death exposure to COVID-19, as well as excess deaths attributable to the larger conditions generated by the pandemic.

Published
2020
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9. SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python: 24 February 2020 : An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Author

Virtanen, P., Gommers, R., Oliphant, T.E., Haberland, M., Reddy, T., Cournapeau, D., Burovski, E., Peterson, P., Weckesser, W., Bright, J., Walt, S.J., Brett, M., Wilson, J., Millman, K.J., Mayorov, N., Nelson, A.R.J., Jones, E., Kern, R., Larson, E., Carey, C.J., Polat, I., Feng, Y., Moore, E.W., VanderPlas, J., Laxalde, D., Perktold, J., Cimrman, R., Henriksen, I., Quintero, E.A., Harris, C.R., Archibald, A.M., Ribeiro, A.H., Pedregosa, F., Mulbregt, P., Vijaykumar, A., Bardelli, A.P., Rothberg, A., Hilboll, A., Kloeckner, A., Scopatz, A., Lee, A., Rokem, A., Woods, C.N., Fulton, C., Masson, C., Häggström, C., Fitzgerald, C., Nicholson, D.A., Hagen, D.R., Pasechnik, D.V., Olivetti, E., Martin, E., Wieser, E., Lenders, F., Silva, Fabrice, Wilhelm, F., Young, G., Price, G.A., Ingold, G.-L., Allen, G.E., Lee, G.R., Audren, H., Probst, Irvin, Dietrich, J.P., Silterra, J., Webber, J.T., Slavič, J., Nothman, J., Buchner, J., Kulick, J., Schönberger, J.L., Miranda Cardoso, J.V., Reimer, J., Harrington, J., Rodríguez, J.L.C., Nunez-Iglesias, J., Kuczynski, J., Tritz, K., Thoma, M., Newville, M., Kümmerer, M., Bolingbroke, M., Tartre, M., Pak, M., Smith, N.J., Nowaczyk, N., Shebanov, N., Pavlyk, O., Brodtkorb, P.A., Lee, P., McGibbon, R.T., Feldbauer, R., Lewis, S., Tygier, S., Sievert, S., Vigna, S., Peterson, S., More, S., Pudlik, T., Oshima, T., Pingel, T.J., Robitaille, T.P., Spura, T., Jones, T.R., Cera, T., Leslie, T., Zito, T., Krauss, T., Upadhyay, U., Halchenko, Y.O., Vázquez-Baeza, Y., SciPy 1.0, Contributors, Low Temperature Laboratory, TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SNECMA Villaroche [Moissy-Cramayel], Safran Group, New Technologies Research Centre [Plzeň] (NTC), University of West Bohemia [Plzeň ], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sons, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_PRASYS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Chicago, Consortium of Advanced Radiation Sciences, Advanced Photon Source, GSECARS, University of Chicago, Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Nobeyama Radio Observatory, Gommers, Ralf [0000-0002-0300-3333], Haberland, Matt [0000-0003-4806-3601], Reddy, Tyler [0000-0003-2364-6157], van der Walt, Stéfan J. [0000-0001-9276-1891], Millman, K. Jarrod [0000-0002-5263-5070], Nelson, Andrew R. J. [0000-0002-4548-3558], Laxalde, Denis [0000-0002-5540-4825], Ribeiro, Antônio H. [0000-0003-3632-8529], van Mulbregt, Paul [0000-0002-2382-8308], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, van der Walt, Stéfan J [0000-0001-9276-1891], Millman, K Jarrod [0000-0002-5263-5070], Nelson, Andrew RJ [0000-0002-4548-3558], Ribeiro, Antônio H [0000-0003-3632-8529], Quansight LLC, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), AUTRES, National Research University Higher School of Economics [St. Petersburg], Tallinn Technical University, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Skolkovo Innovation Center, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), Enthought Inc, University of Washington [Seattle], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Google LLC, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Computer Science - Software Engineering, 631/45/56, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer.programming_language, 0303 health sciences, Signal processing, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), ddc, Linear algebra, Perspective, Minification, Physics - Computational Physics, Algorithm, Algorithms, Biotechnology, De facto standard, FOS: Physical sciences, Image processing, History, 21st Century, Models, Biological, 706/703/559, Python (Computer program language), Computational science, 03 medical and health sciences, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Simulation, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ddc:530, Cluster analysis, Molecular Biology, Scientific computing, 030304 developmental biology, Sparse matrix, software, Computational Biology, Cell Biology, Python (programming language), History, 20th Century, [INFO.INFO-NA]Computer Science [cs]/Numerical Analysis [cs.NA], Software Engineering (cs.SE), Nonlinear Dynamics, Linear Models, Computer Science - Mathematical Software, Programming Languages, 631/114, computer, Mathematical Software (cs.MS), Python
Abstract

SciPy is an open source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. SciPy 1.0 was released in late 2017, about 16 years after the original version 0.1 release. SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in the Python programming language, with more than 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories, and millions of downloads per year. This includes usage of SciPy in almost half of all machine learning projects on GitHub, and usage by high profile projects including LIGO gravitational wave analysis and creation of the first-ever image of a black hole (M87). The library includes functionality spanning clustering, Fourier transforms, integration, interpolation, file I/O, linear algebra, image processing, orthogonal distance regression, minimization algorithms, signal processing, sparse matrix handling, computational geometry, and statistics. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of the SciPy library and highlight some recent technical developments., Comment: Article source data is available here: https://github.com/scipy/scipy-articles

Published
2020
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10. LiDAR-derived topography and forest structure predict fine-scale variation in daily surface temperatures in oak savanna and conifer forest landscapes

Author

Nicholas W. Synes, Geoffrey A. Fricker, Alan L. Flint, Ian M. McCullough, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Janet Franklin, Frank W. Davis, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Aarhus University [Aarhus], California Water Science Center, Partenaires INRAE, and United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microclimate, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Insolation, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Tree canopy, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Cold-air drainage, Elevation, Forestry, NEON, Understory, Microsite, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, 13. Climate action, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; In mountain landscapes, surface temperatures vary over short distances due to interacting influences of topography and overstory vegetation on local energy and water balances. At two study landscapes in the Sierra Nevada of California, characterized by foothill oak savanna at 276–481 m elevation and montane conifer forest at 1977–2135 m, we deployed 288 near-surface (5 cm above the surface) temperature sensors to sample site-scale (30 m) temperature variation related to hillslope orientation and vegetation structure and microsite-scale (2–10 m) variation related to microtopography and tree overstory. Daily near-surface maximum and minimum temperatures for the 2013 calendar year were related to topographic factors and vegetation overstory characterized using small footprint LiDAR imagery acquired by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Airborne Observation Platform (AOP). At both landscapes we recorded large site and microsite spatial variation in daily maximum temperatures, and less absolute variation in daily minimum temperatures. Generalized boosted regression trees were estimated to measure the influence of tree canopy density, understory solar radiation, cold-air drainage and pooling, ground cover and microtopography on daily maximum and minimum temperatures at site and microsite scales. Site-scale models based on indices of understory solar radiation and landscape position explained an average of 61–65% of daily variation in maximum temperature; site-scale models based on tree canopy density and landscape position explained 65–83% of variation in minimum temperatures. Models explained

Published
2019
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11. Toward a large-scale and deep phenological stage annotation of herbarium specimens: Case studies from temperate, tropical, and equatorial floras

Author

Erick Mata-Montero, Titouan Lorieul, Jennifer M. Yost, Joel Sachs, Elizabeth R. Ellwood, Katelin D. Pearson, Patrick W. Sweeney, Pamela S. Soltis, Jean-François Molino, Alexis Joly, Pierre Bonnet, Gil Nelson, Hervé Goëau, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Montpellier (UM), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University [New Haven], California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Costa Rica Institute of Technology [Cartago] (TEC), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida [Gainesville], and ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, visual data, Collection botanique, convolutional neural network, herbarium data, Plant Science, Phenological stage annotation, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Stage (stratigraphy), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Herbier, Automatisation, Invited Special Article, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Phenology, Flore, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Classification, phenological stage annotation, classification, Phénologie, Application Article, Natural history collections, F40 - Écologie végétale, natural history collections, Convolutional neural network, Biology, For the Special Issue: Emerging Frontiers in Phenological Research, 010603 evolutionary biology, Visual data classification, Herbarium data, 03 medical and health sciences, Annotation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Temperate climate, Application Articles, Plant phenology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, deep learning, Deep learning, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Herbarium, Physical geography, Réseau de neurones, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map)
Abstract

Premise of the Study: Phenological annotation models computed on large‐scale herbarium data sets were developed and tested in this study. Methods: Herbarium specimens represent a significant resource with which to study plant phenology. Nevertheless, phenological annotation of herbarium specimens is time‐consuming, requires substantial human investment, and is difficult to mobilize at large taxonomic scales. We created and evaluated new methods based on deep learning techniques to automate annotation of phenological stages and tested these methods on four herbarium data sets representing temperate, tropical, and equatorial American floras. Results: Deep learning allowed correct detection of fertile material with an accuracy of 96.3%. Accuracy was slightly decreased for finer‐scale information (84.3% for flower and 80.5% for fruit detection). Discussion: The method described has the potential to allow fine‐grained phenological annotation of herbarium specimens at large ecological scales. Deeper investigation regarding the taxonomic scalability of this approach is needed.

Published
2019
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12. Rare Palaeomagnetic Evidence of Long-term Mantle Control of the Geodynamo and Possible Role of the NAD-field in the Reversal Process

Author

Matt Carlton, Kenneth A. Hoffman, Pierre Camps, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)

Subjects
Paleomagnetism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Equator, Geomagnetic pole, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Outer core, Mantle (geology), Paleontology, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Longitude, Southern Hemisphere, Cenozoic, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The degree to which the lower-most mantle influences behavior of the geodynamo has been debated over the past quarter century. Our analysis of a comprehensive set of 17 Cenozoic paleomagnetic transitional field records obtained from lavas in the Southern Hemisphere provides robust evidence of stable mantle control since the Pliocene. The records come from a region where-given a significantly weakened axial dipole-the magnetic field today would be largely controlled by the non-axial dipole (NAD) flux patch currently emanating from Earth's outer core beneath western Australia. The paleomagnetic recording sites from west to east include the south Indian Ocean, eastern Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gji/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/gji/ggz480/5602599 by guest on 17 November 2019 Australia, New Zealand, and French Polynesia. The analyzed records contain from 2 to 25 sequential transitional virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs). Ten of the 17 records supply at least one VGP within a narrow longitudinal band 10°-wide between 60°S and the equator, centered along longitude 102.4°E. That is, transitional data from 59% of the Cenozoic recordings are found to reside in a region that encompasses a mere 2.8% of the VGP transitional area on Earth's surface. A robust Monte Carlo approach applied to this dataset, one that takes into account the number of transitional VGPs contained in each record, finds this result highly improbable (P-value = 0.0006). The present-day pattern of vertical flux at the core-mantle boundary shows an anomalously strong, thin Southern Hemisphere longitudinal band off the west coast of Australia that strikingly coincides with this unusual paleomagnetic finding. We conclude with a high degree of confidence that this band of flux has remained virtually unmoved for at least the past 3 Myr. Seemingly independent of the behavior of the axial dipole, our findings indicate it has dominated the magnetic field over an area of considerable size during attempts by the geodynamo to reverse polarity.

Published
2019
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13. More than climate? Predictors of tree canopy height vary with scale in complex terrain, Sierra Nevada, CA (USA)

Author

Janet Franklin, Frank W. Davis, Malcolm P. North, Nicholas W. Synes, Geoffrey A. Fricker, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Botany and Plant Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, U.S. National Science Foundation (EF-1065864, -1550653, -1065826 and -1550640), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Topographic Wetness Index, Topography, arbre forestier, LiDAR, Foothill oak woodland, Life on Land, Climate, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Forest management, Woodland, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, facteur édaphique, Atmospheric sciences, Water-energy limitation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, forest tree, Water balance, Altitude, condition topographique, californie, Precipitation, bilan hydrique, lidar, Nature and Landscape Conservation, croissance en hauteur, Tree canopy, facteur abiotique, facteur environnemental, facteur climatique, Forestry, Mixed-conifer forest, Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, Tree height, 13. Climate action, optical radar, Agricultural And Veterinary Sciences, Environmental science, Soils, forêt de montagne, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Tall trees and vertical forest structure are associated with increased productivity, biomass and wildlife habitat quality. While climate has been widely hypothesized to control forest structure at broad scales, other variables could be key at fine scales, and are associated with forest management. In this study we identify the environmental conditions (climate, topography, soils) associated with increased tree height across spatial scales using airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to measure canopy height. The study was conducted over a large elevational gradient from 200 to 3000 m in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (CA, USA) spanning sparse oak woodlands to closed canopy conifer forests. We developed Generalized Boosted Models (GBMs) of forest height, ranking predictor variable importance against Maximum Canopy Height (CHMax) at six spatial scales (25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 m). In our study area, climate variables such as the climatic water deficit and mean annual precipitation were more strongly correlated with CHmax (18–52% relative importance) than soil and topographic variables, and models at intermediate (50–500 m) scales explained the most variance in CHMax (R2 0.77–0.83). Certain soil variables such as soil bulk density and pH, as well as topographic variables such as the topographic wetness index, slope curvature and potential solar radiation, showed consistent, strong associations with canopy structure across the gradient, but these relationships were scale dependent. Topography played a greater role in predicting forest structure at fine spatial scales, while climate variables dominated our models, particularly at coarse scales. Our results indicate that multiple abiotic factors are associated with increased maximum tree height; climatic water balance is most strongly associated with this component of forest structure but varies across all spatial scales examined (6.9–54.8% relative importance), while variables related to topography also explain variance in tree height across the elevational gradient, particularly at finer spatial scales (37.15%, 20.26% relative importance at 25, 50 m scales respectively).

Published
2019
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14. Real-time Bus Route State Forecasting Using Particle Filter: An Empirical Data Application

Author

Nicolas Chiabaut, Ludovic Leclercq, Etienne Hans, Robert L. Bertini, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Circulation Transport (LICIT UMR TE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université de Lyon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [San Luis Obispo], and California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Engineering, PARTICLE FILTER, TRANSPORT EN COMMUN, BUS ROUTE, PARTICULE, Real-time computing, SYSTEME D'AIDE A LA GESTION DU TRAFIC (SAGT), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, STOCHASTIC BUS MODEL, Data assimilation, BUS, 0502 economics and business, TRAFIC, CONGESTION (TRAFIC), On-time performance, Real-time data, PORTLAND TRANSIT DATA, Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 050210 logistics & transportation, business.industry, 05 social sciences, PROBABILISTIC DISTRIBUTIONS, Traffic flow, FORECAST, forecast, Traffic congestion, FILTRE, Data quality, MODEL CALIBRATION, Particle filter, Bus bunching, business
Abstract

ISTS 2014 - 4th International Symposium of Transport Simulation, Ajaccio, FRANCE, 01-/06/2014 - 04/06/2014; Buses on the same route tend to bunch when the system is uncontrolled. This lack of regularity leads to an increase in the average passenger waiting time, increases delays and makes travel times uncertain. A wide variety of solutions have been proposed to maintain accurate bus system performance. Unfortunately, if a strategy is applied permanently, it could detract from the entire transport system efficiency. That is why a transit operator needs an accurate forecast of the route in order to intervene before the bus route is too disrupted to be restored to regularity. This paper aims to predict critical situations in real-time forecasting of a bus route state. To accomplish this, we propose to take advantage of both theoretical and empirical information (model and data) using data assimilation (a particle filter). On one hand, a stochastic dynamic bus model forecasts future bus route states. On the other hand, archived data calibrates the model parameters while real-time data provides information about the actual route state. The methodology is applied to a real case study thanks to the quality data provided by TriMet (the Portland, Oregon transit district). Predictions are finally evaluated by an a posteriori comparison with real data. The results highlight that the method leads to a valid forecast of a bus route state with a 8 minutes time window. This duration is sufficient to predict critical situations, especially bus bunching. Further research would have to consider deterministic travel times from a traffic model instead of the distributions in order to maintain correlation between travel times on links. In that case, the assimilation process would focus on the surrounding traffic flow, also potentially available in the Portland data.

Published
2015
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15. SymPy: symbolic computing in Python

Author

Matthew Rocklin, Sumith Kulal, Richard P. Muller, Brian E. Granger, Amit Kumar, Andy R. Terrel, Ashutosh Saboo, Aaron Meurer, Thilina Rathnayake, Jason K. Moore, Mateusz Paprocki, Štěpán Roučka, Isuru Dilanka Fernando, Shivam Vats, Ondřej Čertík, Robert Cimrman, Anthony Scopatz, Sartaj Singh, Christopher Smith, Sergey B Kirpichev, Sergiu Ivanov, Matthew Curry, Fredrik Johansson, Francesco Bonazzi, Fabian Pedregosa, Harsh Gupta, Sean Vig, Department of Mechanical Engineering [Columbia], College of Engineering and Computing [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia]-University of South Carolina [Columbia], Polar Semiconductor, LLC [Bloomington], Continuum Analytics [Austin], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Faculty of Physics [MSU, Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Department of Applied Mathematics [New Delhi], Delhi Technological University [New Delhi], Laboratoire d'Algorithmique Complexité et Logique (LACL), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Univ California Davis] (MAE - UC Davis), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Mathematical Sciences [Varanasi], Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Moratuwa], University of Moratuwa [Moratuwa], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Sandia National Laboratories [Albuquerque] (SNL), Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Department of Theory and Bio-Systems [Potsdam], Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), Lithe and fast algorithmic number theory (LFANT), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Statistical Machine Learning and Parsimony (SIERRA), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Albuquerque], The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Center for Quantum Information and Control [Albuquerque] (CQuIC), Fashion Metric [Austin], NUMFOCUS [Austin], Department of Surface and Plasma Science [Prague], Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Charles University [Prague] (CU), Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS Pilani), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay), New Technologies Research Centre [Plzeň] (NTC), University of West Bohemia [Plzeň ], Université Paris-Est (UPE), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Davis], University of California-University of California, Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), University of Moratuwa, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Theoretical computer science, General Computer Science, Computer science, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Symbolic computing, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Extensibility, lcsh:QA75.5-76.95, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], 0103 physical sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Symbolics, Python, počítačový algebraický systém, symbolické výpočty, Architecture, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer.programming_language, Programming language, business.industry, Usability, Python (programming language), Symbolic computation, 030104 developmental biology, Open source, Computer algebra system, lcsh:Electronic computers. Computer science, business, computer, Python
Abstract

Článek pojednává o architektuře SymPy, popisuje vlastnosti tohoto softwaru a vybrané pod-moduly. SymPy is an open source computer algebra system written in pure Python. It is built with a focus on extensibility and ease of use, through both interactive and programmatic applications. These characteristics have led SymPy to become a popular symbolic library for the scientific Python ecosystem. This paper presents the architecture of SymPy, a description of its features, and a discussion of select submodules. The supplementary material provide additional examples and further outline details of the architecture and features of SymPy.

Published
2017
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16. Multireader assessment as an alternative to reference assessment to improve the detection of radiographic progression in a large longitudinal cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (ESPOIR)

Author

Bruno Fautrel, Frédérique Gandjbakhch, Anne Fradin, Violaine Foltz, Romain Freund, Virginie Martaille, Sandrine Jousse-Joulin, Morgane Milin, Alain Saraux, Mona Afshar, Nicolas Poursac, Elodie Constant, Jean David Albert, Valérie Devauchelle, Audrey Pierreisnard, Delphine Dénarié, Benjamin Granger, Lisa Biale, Florian Bailly, Marion Couderc, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Institut für Computersprachen, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Rhumatologie [CHU de la Cavale-Blanche], Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), Immunologie et Pathologie (EA2216), Université de Brest (UBO)-IFR148, LabEX IGO Immunothérapie Grand Ouest, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), CHRU Brest - Service de Rhumatologie (CHU - BREST - Rhumato), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Department of Rheumatology Bondy, Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de rhumatologie [Rennes] = Rheumatology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Rheumatology Saint-Mande (Hôpital Begin), Hopital d'Instruction des Armées BEGIN, service rhumatologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (LBD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Rheumatology Orleans, Hopital d'Orleans, Department of Rheumatology Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Service de rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (GRC-08 EEMOIS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Intraclass correlation, Radiography, Immunology, Rheumatoid Arthritis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal cohort, Disease Activity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Large cohort, Outcomes research, Rheumatoid arthritis, Cohort, Physical therapy, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, business, Early arthritis
Abstract

Introduction Structural damage progression is a major outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its evaluation and follow-up in trials should involve radiographic scoring by 1 or 2 readers (reference assessment), which is challenging in large longitudinal cohorts with multiple assessments. Objectives To compare the reproducibility of multireader and reference assessment to improve the feasibility of detecting radiographic progression in a large cohort of patients with early arthritis (ESPOIR). Methods We used 3 sessions to train 12 rheumatologists in radiographic scoring by the van der Heijde-modified Sharp score (SHS). Multireader scoring was based on 10 trained-reader assessments, each reader scoring a random sample of 1/5 of all available radiographs (for double scoring for each X-ray set) for patients included in the ESPOIR cohort with complete radiographic data at M0 and M60. Reference scoring was performed by 2 experienced readers. Scoring was performed blindly to clinical data, with radiographs in chronological order. We compared multireader and reference assessments by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for SHS and significant radiographic progression (SRP). Results The intrareader and inter-reader reproducibility for trained assessors increased during the training sessions (ICC 0.79 to 0.94 and 0.76 to 0.92), respectively. For the 524 patients included, agreement between multireader and reference assessment of SHS progression between M0 and M60 and SRP assessment were almost perfect, ICC (0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.93)) and (0.99 (95% CI 0.99 to 0.99)), respectively. Conclusions Multireader assessment of radiographic structural damage progression is comparable to reference assessment and could be used to improve the feasibility of radiographic scoring in large longitudinal cohort with numerous X-ray evaluations.

Published
2017
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17. Ultramafic geoecology of South and Southeast Asia

Author

M.C.M. Iqbal, Nishanta Rajakaruna, A. van der Ent, M. L. Galey, Rajakaruna, N., Nat Resources Res Inst, Ctr Water & Environm, Minnesota State University [Mankato], Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system-Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Sustainable Minerals Inst, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Plant Biol Lab, Natl Inst Fundamental Studies, Department of Biological Sciences [San Luis Obispo], California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Unit Environm Sci & Management, North West University, Australian Research Council DE160100429, French National Research Agency through the national 'Investissements d'avenir' program ANR-10-LABX-21, Project 'Agromine' ANR-14-CE04-0005, US Research Scholar Fulbright Award, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka, ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), and ANR-10-LABX-0021/10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, CHROMITE OVERBURDEN, Serpentine vegetation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Metal hyperaccumulators, Plant Science, Review, 01 natural sciences, HEAVY-METAL, KINABALU PARK, lcsh:Botany, 2. Zero hunger, Plant-soil relations, Ecology, SMALL ULTRABASIC MOUNTAIN, NICKEL HYPERACCUMULATOR PLANTS, Edaphic, Vegetation, SERPENTINE SOILS, lcsh:QK1-989, MONTANE RAIN-FORESTS, SRI-LANKA, GUNUNG SILAM, NEW-CALEDONIA, Habitat, géoécologie, Plant–soil relations, ultramafique, Conservation, Biology, Southeast asian, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ultramafic plants, Ultramafic rock, Temperate climate, Endemism, Adaptations, asie du sud est, Edaphic endemism, Geobotany, Extreme environments, 15. Life on land, asie du sud, southern asia, southeastern asia, Threatened species, endémisme, Edaphic flora, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Globally, ultramafic outcrops are renowned for hosting floras with high levels of endemism, including plants with specialised adaptations such as nickel or manganese hyperaccumulation.[br/] Soils derived from ultramafic regoliths are generally nutrient-deficient, have major cation imbalances, and have concomitant high concentrations of potentially phytotoxic trace elements, especially nickel. The South and Southeast Asian region has the largest surface occurrences of ultramafic regoliths in the world, but the geoecology of these outcrops is still poorly studied despite severe conservation threats. Due to the paucity of systematic plant collections in many areas and the lack of georeferenced herbarium records and databased information, it is not possible to determine the distribution of species, levels of endemism, and the species most threatened.[br/] However, site-specific studies provide insights to the ultramafic geoecology of several locations in South and Southeast Asia. The geoecology of tropical ultramafic regions differs substantially from those in temperate regions in that the vegetation at lower elevations is generally tall forest with relatively low levels of endemism. On ultramafic mountaintops, where the combined forces of edaphic and climatic factors intersect, obligate ultramafic species and hyperendemics often occur. Forest clearing, agricultural development, mining, and climate change-related stressors have contributed to rapid and unprecedented loss of ultramafic-associated habitats in the region.[br/] The geoecology of the large ultramafic outcrops of Indonesia's Sulawesi, Obi and Halmahera, and many other smaller outcrops in South and Southeast Asia, remains largely unexplored, and should be prioritised for study and conservation.

Published
2017
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18. Coordination for collective rents: an experimental study

Author

Bonroy, Olivier, Garapin, Alexis, Hamilton, Stephen, Souza-Monteiro, Diogo, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble (UGA UFR FEG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Association of Southern-European Economic Theorists, Vertier, Agnès, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

19. Superconducting Ducted Fan Design for Reduced Emissions Aeropropulsion

Author

Pascal Tixador, Philippe Masson, Dimitri N. Mavris, C.A. Luongo, Mark Waters, Taewoo Nam, Taeyun P. Choi, David W. Hall, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Aerospace system design laboratory, Aerospace system design, Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), and Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU)

Subjects
Electric motor, Superconducting electric machine, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Trade study, Avionics, Condensed Matter Physics, computer.software_genre, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Automotive engineering, Sizing, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Conceptual design, 13. Climate action, law, Greenhouse gas, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Computer Aided Design, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This article introduces a new conceptual design tool for an environmentally sustainable method of aeropropulsion: a ducted fan system driven by a fully superconducting electrical machine. Such a system could help mitigate aviation's contribution to global climate change by enabling the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from aircraft. An electro-thermal motor sizing model was coupled with cycle analysis and weight estimation routines to create an automated environment for rapid design trade studies. The resulting parametric cycle analysis and sizing outcomes revealed the system's operational boundaries for a given aspiration space.

Published
2009
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20. Mislabelling in collective labels: an experimental analysis

Author

Bonroy, Olivier, Garapin, Alexis, Hamilton, Stephen, Souza-Monteiro, Diogo, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble (UGA UFR FEG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Western Agricultural Economics Association, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
label, public policy, collective action game, experimental economics, agricultural economics., Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty, C72, C92, Q18, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

21. Collective labels as collective actions games: an experimental study

Author

Bonroy, Olivier, Garapin, Alexis, Hamilton, Stephen, Souza-Monteiro, Diogo, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes - Faculté d'Économie de Grenoble (UGA UFR FEG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Centre d'Analyse Théorique et de Traitement des données économiques, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2015

22. Oligopoly intermediation, relative rivalry and market conduct

Author

Jason J. Lepore, Stephen F. Hamilton, Philippe Bontems, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 1291 Groupe de Recherche en Economie Mathématique et Quantitative, and Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, intermediation, Strategy and Management, 05 social sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Cournot competition, Monopsony, Purchasing, Oligopoly, Microeconomics, Forward contract, strategic pre-commitment, 0502 economics and business, Industrial relations, Economics, oligopoly, Intermediation, 050211 marketing, 050207 economics, Monopoly, [QFIN.TR]Quantitative Finance [q-fin]/Trading and Market Microstructure [q-fin.TR], Rivalry, policy
Abstract

We consider two firms that compete against each other jointly in upstream and downstream markets under two pricing games: Purchasing to stock (PTS), in which firms select input prices prior to setting consumer prices; and purchasing to order (PTO), in which firms sell forward contracts to consumers prior to selecting input prices. The antitrust implications of the model depend on the relative degree of oligopoly rivalry in the upstream and down- stream markets. Firms strategically precommit to setting prices in the less rivalrous market, which serves to soft- en competition in the more rivalrous market, resulting in anticompetitive effects. Bertrand prices emerge in equilibrium when the markets are equally rivalrous, while Cournot outcomes arise with upstream monopsony or downstream monopoly markets. The slope of firm reaction functions depends on relative rivalry, a feature we use to derive testable hypotheses for antitrust analysis of a wide variety of industry practices.

Published
2015
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23. Real-time bus route state forecasting using particle filter and mesoscopic modeling

Author

Ludovic Leclercq, Etienne Hans, Nicolas Chiabaut, Robert L. Bertini, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Circulation Transport (LICIT UMR TE), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université de Lyon, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [San Luis Obispo], and California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Engineering, PARTICLE FILTER, TRANSPORT EN COMMUN, BUS ROUTE, DUREE DU TRAJET, Transportation, STOCHASTIC BUS MODEL, Real-time Control System, Headway, PORTLAND TRANSIT DATA, Simulation, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, PROBABILISTIC DISTRIBUTIONS, FORECAST, Computer Science Applications, FILTRE A PARTICULES, Control system, Automotive Engineering, TRAJECTOIRE, Global Positioning System, Trajectory, A priori and a posteriori, PORTLAND, business, Bus bunching, Particle filter
Abstract

In the absence of system control strategies, it is common to observe bus bunching in transit operations. A transit operator would benefit from an accurate forecast of bus operations in order to control the system before it becomes too disrupted to be restored to a stable condition. To accomplish this, we present a general bus prediction framework. This framework relies on a stochastic and event-based bus operation model that provides sets of possible bus trajectories based on the observation of current bus positions, available via global positioning system (GPS) data. The median of the set of possible trajectories, called a particle, is used as the prediction. In particular, this enables the anticipation of irregularities between buses. Several bus models are proposed depending on the dwell and inter-stop running time representations. These models are calibrated and applied to a real case study thanks to the high quality data provided by TriMet (the Portland, Oregon, USA transit district). Predictions are finally evaluated by an a posteriori comparison with the real trajectories. The results highlight that only bus models accounting for the bus load can provide valid forecasts of a bus route over a large prediction horizon, especially for headway variations. Accounting for traffic signal timings and actual traffic flows does not significantly improves the prediction. Such a framework paves the way for further development of refined dynamic control strategies for bus operations.

Published
2015
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24. The Imprint of the Extragalactic Background Light in the Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars

Author

Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Schady, P., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de, Palma F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., do, Couto e Silva E., Dominguez, A., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hays, E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Tramacere, A., Nuss, E., Greiner, J., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rau, A., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sanchez-Conde, M., Sanchez, D. A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, Lukasz, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Hayashida, Masaaki, Kataoka, Jun, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Ohno, Masanori, Ohsugi, Takashi, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (INFN, Sezione di Trieste), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Pisa] (INFN), Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Bari (INFN, sezione di Bari), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Center for Earth Observing and Space Research [Fairfax] (CEOSR), George Mason University [Fairfax], Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), INFN Frascati, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Space Science Division [Washington], Department of Physical Sciences [Higashi-Hiroshima], Hiroshima University, Centro Ricerche Frascati, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Fusion Plasma Physics [Stockholm] (KTH), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Waseda University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata (INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata), INTEGRAL Science Data Center, Chemin d'écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Denver], University of Denver, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), University of California, University of Washington [Seattle], Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc. [Lattingtown], Kanagawa University, Purdue University Calumet Department of Chemistry and Physics, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Waseda University [Tokyo, Japan], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), University of California (UC), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Ackermann M, Ajello M, Allafort A, Schady P, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Bouvier A, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, DAmmando F, de Palma F, Dermer CD, Digel SW, Silva EDE, Domnguez A, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Gustafsson M, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Hays E, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Kataoka J, Knodlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Tramacere A, Nuss E, Greiner J, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reyes LC, Ritz S, Rau A, Romoli C, Roth M, Sanchez-Conde M, Sanchez DA, Scargle JD, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stawarz L, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Stanford University [Stanford], National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Schady, P., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chaves, R. C. G., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Silva, E. do Couto e., Dominguez, A., Drell, P. S., Drlica Wagner, A., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Jackson, M. S., Jogler, T., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Tramacere, A., Nuss, E., Greiner, J., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reyes, L. C., Ritz, S., Rau, A., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sanchez Conde, M., Sanchez, D. A., Scargle, J. D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, L., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., and Wood, M.

Subjects
EBL, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Blazar, 01 natural sciences, Extragalactic Background Light, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Gamma-Ray Spectra of Blazars, Medicine (all), Gamma ray, Astronomy, Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing), Gamma-ray astronomy, Galaxy, Redshift, Stars, Extragalactic background light, Blazars, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

著者人数: 141名, Accepted: 2012-10-11, 資料番号: SA1004343000

Published
2012
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25. Te Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with CUORICINO

Author

Andreotti, E., Arnaboldi, C., AvignoneIII, F.T., Balata, M., Bandac, I., Barucci, M., Beeman, J.W., Bellini, F., Brofferio, C., Bryant, A., Bucci, C., Canonica, L., Capelli, S., Carbone, L., Carrettoni, M., Clemenza, M., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R.J., Domizio, S. Di, Dolinski, M.J., Ejzak, L., Faccini, R., Farach, H.A., Ferri, E., Fiorini, E., Foggetta, L., Giachero, A., L.Gironi, Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Guardincerri, E., Gutierrez, T.D., Haller, E.E., Kazkaz, K., Kraft, S., Kogler, L., Maiano, C., Maruyama, R.H., Martinez, C., Martinez, M., Newman, S., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E.B., Nucciotti, A., Orio, F., Pallavicini, M., Palmieri, V., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pedretti, M., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Previtali, E., Risegari, L., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Salvioni, C., Sangiorgio, S., Schaeffer, D., N.D.Scielzo, Sisti, M., Smith, A.R., Tomei, C., Ventura, G., Vignati, M., Dip. di Fisica e Matematica dell Univ. dellInsubria and Sez. INFN di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Firenze and Sezione INFN di Firenze, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Department of Physics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Dip. di Fisica dell'Università di Genova - Italy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Berkeley], Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, and University of California

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physical Sciences
Abstract

International audience; We report the final result of the CUORICINO experiment. Operated between 2003 and 2008, with a total exposure of 19.75 kg*y of Te, CUORICINO was able to set a lower bound on the Te Ovββhalf-life of 2.8 ×10years at 90% C.L. The limit here reported includes the effects of systematic uncertainties that are examined in detail in the paper. The corresponding upper bound on the neutrino Majorana mass is in the range 300-710 meV, depending on the adopted nuclear matrix element evaluation.

Published
2011
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26. Search for β/EC double beta decay of Te

Author

Andreotti, E., Arnaboldi, C., Avignone III, F.T., Balata, M., Bandac, I., Barucci, M., Beeman, J.W., Bellini, F., Brofferio, C., Bryant, A., Bucci, C., Canonica, L., Capelli, S., Carbone, L., Carrettoni, M., Clemenza, M., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R.J., Di Domizio, S., Dolinski, M.J., Ejzak, L., Faccini, R., Farach, H.A., Ferri, E., Fiorini, E., Foggetta, L., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Guardincerri, E., Gutierrez, T.D., Haller, E.E., Kazkaz, K., Kraft, S., Kogler, L., Maiano, C., Maruyama, R.H., Martinez, C., Martinez, M., Newman, S., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E.B., Nucciotti, A., Orio, F., Pallavicini, M., Palmieri, V., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pedretti, M., Pessina, G., Pirro, S., Previtali, E., Risegari, L., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Salvioni, C., Sangiorgio, S., Schaeffer, D., Scielzo, N.D., Sisti, M., Smith, A.R., Tomei, C., Ventura, G., Vignati, M., Dip. di Fisica e Matematica dell' Univ. dell'Insubria and Sez. INFN di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universitá di Firenze and Sezione INFN di Firenze, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Dept. of Physics, University of California, Dip. di Fisica dell'Universitádi Genova - Italy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Berkeley], and Dept. of Nuclear Engineering

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Neutrino mass, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Neutrino properties, Bolometers, Double beta decay, Electron capture
Abstract

International audience; We present a search for β/EC double beta decay of Te performed with the CUORICINO experiment, an array of TeO cryogenic bolometers. After collecting 0.0573 kg y of 120, we see no evidence of a signal and therefore set the following limits on the half-life: T > 1.9 *10 y at 90% C.L. for the 0ν mode and T > 7.6 *10 y at 90% C.L. for the 2ν mode. These results improve the existing limits by almost three orders of magnitude (four in the case of 0ν mode).

Published
2011
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27. Lipid rafts in the bovine milk fat globule membrane revealed by the lateral segregation of phospholipids and heterogeneous distribution of glycoproteins

Author

Rafael Jiménez-Flores, Christelle Lopez, Marie-Noelle Madec, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY)

Subjects
030309 nutrition & dietetics, Phospholipid, Glycerophospholipids, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Glycolipid, MEMBRANE STRUCTURE, lipid, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Globules of fat, FLUORESCENCE, LIPID RAFT, Lipid raft, membrane, lipide, 0303 health sciences, SPHINGOMYELIN, milk, Membrane structure, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040401 food science, Sphingolipid, lait, MILK FAT GLOBULE, chemistry, Biochemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Sphingomyelin, PHOSPHOLIPID, Food Science
Abstract

This study reveals the lateral organisation of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and a lipid soluble molecule, an exogenous phospholipid and two lectins as fluorescent probes we located triacylglycerols in the core of fat globules and investigated the organisation of the polar lipids and glycoproteins of the MFGM, in situ in milk. Lipid rafts corresponding to the lateral segregation of sphingolipids in liquid-ordered phases surrounded by liquid-disordered domains composed by the glycerophospholipids were observed in the MFGM. These lipid rafts which correspond to rigid sphingolipid-rich domains have a circular shape at room temperature. CLSM experiments revealed that glycoproteins and glycolipids are heterogeneously distributed around fat globules and that they are not located in the lipid rafts. The characterisations performed by in depth thin sectioning of fat globules and in dynamic as a function of time revealed chemical and structural heterogeneities in the MFGM. Schematic 3D and 2D representations of the MFGM are proposed and discussed. The physiological and nutritional consequences of the lateral organisation of polar lipids and glycoproteins in the MFGM are discussed but remain to be elucidated.

Published
2010
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28. Superconducting Ducted Fan and Electrical System Design for Reduced Emissions Aeropropulsion

Author

Masson, J.P., Nam, T., Choi, T. P., Tixador, Pascal, Waters, M., Luongo, C. A., Mavris, D. N., Center for advanced power systems (CAPS), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Aerospace system design laboratory, Aerospace system design, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), and Garcia, Sylvie

Subjects
[SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.NRJ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

29. Stability of mantle control over dynamo flux since the mid-Cenozoic

Author

Brad S. Singer, Kris A. Johnson, Lars N. Hansen, Pierre Camps, C. Carvallo, Kenneth A. Hoffman, S. Clipperton, Department of Geology and Geophysics [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physics Department [San Luis Obispo], California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], and University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC)

Subjects
records, Paleomagnetism, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), reversals, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geomagnetic reversal, 03 medical and health sciences, earths magnetic-field, volcanic islands, secular variation, geomagnetic reversal paths, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, f rench-Polynesia, paleomagnetism, core, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geomagnetic pole, Geophysics, 15. Life on land, Secular variation, Earth's magnetic field, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geomagnetic excursion, Geology, mantle, Dynamo
Abstract

International audience; Studies of paleomagnetic fields during polarity transitions recorded over the past few million years frequently suggest a configurational persistence consistent with long-lived mantle control over the pattern of flux emanating from Earth's fluid core. Fundamental to an understanding of the core-mantle dynamics involved is the question of the spatial-temporal nature of the physical conditions at the base of the mantle that may be responsible. Our analysis of the field during a mid-Cenozoic, reverse-to-normal (R-N) polarity change, recorded in a continuous sequence of lava flows in southeastern Queensland, Australia, provides strong evidence that the time span over which local mantle features retain such an influence is far longer than had thus far been observed. Specifically. the reversal is dominated by two sequential groupings of transitional magnetic vector directions, each associated with a clustering of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) at locations common to several more youthful reversal datasets from about the globe. Our Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations indicate that these Australian lavas erupted 25.56 +/- 0.48 Ma, strongly suggesting that the characteristic time for invariant control by the mantle over flux emerging from the outer core is at least on order of a few tens of Myr. The availability of transitional paleomagnetic data from still earlier times within the Cenozoic may further delineate this duration and, perhaps, provide a means to track changes in the pattern of long-standing concentrations of magnetic flux at the core-mantle boundary. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2008
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30. Collaborative Management Research: Alternative Roadmaps

Author

David, Albert, Shani, Rami, Styhre, Alexander, Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Institute for Management of Innovation and Technology (IMIT), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Niklas Adler, Rami Shani, and Alexander Styhre

Subjects
action research, theory and practice, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, collaborative research
Published
2003

31. Spectroscopic determination of crystal field splittings in lanthanide double deckers

Author

Liviu Ungur, Raphael Marx, Liviu F. Chibotaru, Milan Orlita, Fabrizio Moro, Wolfgang Frey, J. Taylor, Michael Waters, Shang-Da Jiang, María Dörfel, J. van Slageren, Orlita, Milan, Marx, R, Moro, F, Dörfel, M, Ungur, L, Waters, M, Jiang, S, Orlita, M, Taylor, J, Frey, W, Chibotaru, L, Van Slageren, J, Dipartimento di Geoscienze [Padova], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Institute for nanoscale physics and chemistry, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Lanthanide, Field (physics), Chemistry, Chemistry (all), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Electronic structure, Molecular physics, Inelastic neutron scattering, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 3. Good health, Crystal, Far infrared, Crystal field theory, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Holmium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

We have investigated the crystal field splitting in the archetypal lanthanide-based single-ion magnets and related complexes (NBu4)+[LnPc2]-·2dmf (Ln = Dy, Ho, Er; dmf = N,N-dimethylformamide) by means of far infrared and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopies. In each case, we have found several features corresponding to direct crystal field transitions within the ground multiplet. The observation of three independent peaks in the holmium derivative enabled us to derive crystal field splitting parameters. In addition, we have carried out CASSCF calculations. We show that exploiting the interplay of CASSCF calculation (for the composition of the states) and advanced spectroscopic measurements (for accurate determination of the energies) is a very powerful approach to gain insight into the electronic structure of lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets. © the Partner Organisations 2014

Published
2014
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32. The mechanism of self-reversal of thermoremanence in natural hemoilmenite crystals: new experimental data and model

Author

Valera P. Shcherbakov, Avto Goguitchaichvili, J. C. Doukhan, Mansour Bina, Michel Prévot, Kenneth A. Hoffman, Laboratoire de Tectonophysique (Tectonophysique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Physics Department [San Luis Obispo], California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Laboratoire de structures et propriétés de l'état solide - UMR 8008 (LSPES), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geophysical Observatory 'Borok', United Institute of the Physics of the Earth, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Thermoremanent magnetization, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Philippines, exchange interaction, rock magnetism, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, ilmenite-hematite, Magnetization, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ferrimagnetism, electron transmission microscopy, pumice, dacite, Pinatubo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Condensed matter physics, geophysics, Demagnetizing field, paleomagnetism, thermoremanent magnetization, Astronomy and Astrophysics, magnetic force microscopy, Ferromagnetism, Space and Planetary Science, Remanence, self-reversal, Curie temperature, Geology, Superparamagnetism
Abstract

New magnetic and mineralogical findings on self-reversing hemoilmenite (Fe 2− y Ti y O 3 ) grains from Pinatubo lavas (1991 eruption) provide important clues regarding the acquisition process of reverse thermoremanent magnetization (rTRM) in this solid solution series. Magnetic force microscopy indicates the presence of multidomain magnetic structures in coexisting strongly and weakly magnetic crystallographic regions having compositions of y ≅0.54 and 0.53, respectively. Continuous thermal demagnetization of natural and laboratory TRM carried out on both whole rock samples and single hemoilmenite crystals shows that the magnitude of a normal TRM (nTRM) component, observed at temperatures above the Curie point of the self-reversing phase, is much too large to be carried by a phase that is entirely cation-disordered. Consistent with this observation are findings using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which, in contrast to that what is commonly assumed, reveals the weakly magnetic regions to be magnetically heterogeneous. Specifically, these regions are found to contain tiny (20–40 nm) domains that are cation-ordered and evidently ferrimagnetic dispersed within the cation-disordered, presumably spin-canted antiferromagnetic matrix. Given these findings, we argue that the so-called nTRM-carrying x -phase is itself partially cation-ordered, and, thus, ferrimagnetic, as postulated first by Ishikawa and Syono (J. Phys. Soc., Jpn. 17 (1962) 714). We propose a “nanophase” self-reversal model for the ilmenite–hematite solid solution series in which the rTRM and nTRM components are carried by the cores and margins, respectively, of the tiny, partially cation-ordered nano-sized domains observed by TEM. Due to the partial cation order, both the core and the margin of each domain are expected to behave in a ferrimagnetic fashion at temperatures below their respective Curie points. However, given the kinetics of the ordering process, their cation distributions need be antiphase, which causes their magnetic moments to be oppositely aligned. Since it is most reasonable to consider each margin to be slightly more Fe-rich than the inside core, upon cooling, the margins acquire a magnetic remanence first (a nTRM). Then, upon further cooling, given that the intralayer and interlayer nearest-neighbor superexchange interactions are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, respectively, the net magnetic moment of the core material need be oppositely aligned (producing a rTRM). The nano-sized regions would indeed behave in a superparamagnetic (SP) fashion if magnetically uncoupled to adjacent material; however, the spins in the margins (the x -phase) must be locked through superexchange to those of the surrounding disordered matrix, which we also claim to be locally enriched in iron. If so, then the magnetization of the x -phase can be both highly-coercive and thermally stable, as observed experimentally. Upon stepwise thermal demagnetization, the self-reversed remanence measured at room temperature is not destroyed until the unblocking temperature of the disordered Fe-enriched aureole (approximately 410°C) is reached. Mineralogical considerations and magnetic evidence from previous works suggest that this model is generally valid for self-reversed dacitic pumice, in particular the Mt. Haruna dacite and the 1985 Nevado del Ruiz dacitic andesite.

Published
2001

33. Ar/Ar ages from transitionally magnetized lavas on La Palma, Canary Islands, and the geomagnetic instability timescale

Author

Brad Singer, Relle, M. K., Hoffman, K. A., Battle, A., Laj, C., Guillou, H., Carracedo, J. C., University of Wisconsin-Madison, California Polytechnic State University [San Luis Obispo] (CAL POLY), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Estacion Volcanologica de las Canarias (CSIC), Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiologia = Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, excursion, lavas, paleomagnetism, reversal, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, dating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, argonargon
Abstract

International audience

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34. Comparative phenolic, chromatic, and sensory composition of five monovarietal wines processed with microwave technology.

Author

Casassa LF, Fanzone ML, and Sari SE

Abstract

The effect of MW technology (1,200 Watts for 10 min) on the chemical and sensory composition of five monovarietal wines with different phenolic composition was studied relative to untreated Control wines. MW improved polymeric pigment content by 30, 22 and 31% in Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, and Syrah wines, respectively, and anthocyanin extraction and non-tannin phenolics by 24% in Malbec and Syrah wines, respectively. In Nebbiolo and Pinot noir, MW had no effect on phenolics or chromatic characteristics. Anthocyanins in Nebbiolo wines were the lowest and their pigment profile was composed of 18% pyranoanthocyanins, but tannins were the highest, resulting in a tannin to anthocyanin ratio of 16. Pinot noir and Nebbiolo wines had comparable polymeric pigment content, despite dissimilar tannin to anthocyanin ratios, suggesting different mouthfeel characteristics in their respective wines. Conversely, wines of comparable tannin to anthocyanin produced wines of vastly different polymeric pigment content. MW-treated Cabernet Sauvignon wines showed an improved sensory profile., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Published
2022
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35. Detailed chemical composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wines aged in French oak barrels coopered with three different stave bending techniques.

Author

Casassa LF, Ceja GM, Vega-Osorno A, du Fresne F, and Llodrá D

Subjects
Anthocyanins analysis, Color, Eugenol analysis, Food Analysis statistics & numerical data, Food Handling, Food-Processing Industry methods, Guaiacol analogs & derivatives, Guaiacol analysis, Lactones analysis, Odorants analysis, Phenols analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Volatile Organic Compounds analysis, Food-Processing Industry instrumentation, Quercus, Vitis, Wine analysis
Abstract

Cabernet Sauvignon wines were aged for 15 months in used and new French 225 L oak barrels, followed by a period of 3 months in bottle. In addition to control barrels (3 years old), three bending/toasting protocols, including fire bent and fire toasted (fire-bent); water bent and fire toasted (water-bent); and a hybridized method based on fire bending and toasting followed by a 12 h fill with water at 80 °C (fire-bent + hot water), were trialed in triplicate. Parameters such as acetic acid and alcohol content (higher in control wines), and anthocyanins, color and polymeric pigments (higher in wines aged in the new barrels), were more affected by barrel use (new versus neutral) than by bending/toasting protocols. At the end of the study (day 602), only 4-vinyl-guaiacol, eugenol and cis-lactone showed odor activity values (OAV's) above 1, with the latter being the most relevant odor active compound across treatments whereas eugenol was 10-fold higher in the water-bent wines. Principal component analysis (PCA) including phenolics and volatile compounds suggested differences between wines aged in control and new barrels, but less clear-cut differences within wines aged in barrels produced with the different bending/toasting protocols., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2021
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