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15. Viral Infections and Respiratory Disease in Dairy-Bred Calves

Author

Caldow, G. L., Edwards, S., and Peters, A. R.

Subjects
High morbidity, Respiratory virus infection, business.industry, Antibiotic therapy, Respiratory disease, Etiology, Physiology, Medicine, Outbreak, Disease, Disease monitoring, business, medicine.disease
Abstract

After salmonellosis respiratory disease probably remains the most important condition of market purchased dairy bred calves. Treatment rates for respiratory disease have been found to exceed 30% during the first three months of the rearing phase (1) and this disease is therefore responsible for significant losses in terms of animal performance, veterinary costs and labour irrespective of the implications for the welfare of the young calf. The association between respiratory virus infection and clinical respiratory disease has been demonstrated in weaned beef calves and in home reared dairy calves, but in calves less than three months of age there was little evidence of viral involvement (2 and 3). However disease monitoring on one calf rearing unit led to the observation that despite good response to antibiotic therapy, the outbreaks of sudden onset high morbidity respiratory disease seen in calves less than three months of age, had a possible viral aetiology. To explore this further the following study was carried out., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 1

Published
1992
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27. A field comparison of the efficacy and tolerance of marbofloxacin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease.

Author

Borell, D., Thomas, E., Caldow, G. L., and Davot, J. L.

Subjects
ANTI-infective agents, RESPIRATORY diseases, PATHOGENIC microorganisms
Abstract

A multicentre, controlled, randomized and blinded trial was carried out in 180 ruminating calves with pyrexia and respiratory sign(s) on nine Belgian, British and French farms. All animals were sampled for pathogenic bacteria before treatment and at failure/relapse. Calves were injected with either marbofloxacin (M) solution [Marbocyl® (Laboratoire Vétoquinol, Lure, France) 10%] at 2 mg/kg/24 h for 4 days intravenously on the first day then subcutaneously, or tilmicosin (T) solution (Micotil®, Elanco Products Ltd, Basingstoke, Hants, UK) at 10 mg/kg as a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. The animals were examined clinically eight times up to day 28. The bacterial pathogens were found to be sensitive to marbofloxacin: for Pasteurella haemolytica the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)90 was 0.08 μg/mL and for P. multocida the MIC90 was 0.04 μg/mL. Cure rates at day 4 for group M and group T were 84 vs. 82%, respectively (P ≥ 0.05). However, overall clinical score was significantly lower after 1 day in group M (P < 0.05). There was no difference in either relapse rate or average daily weight gain between groups. Marbofloxacin was found to be better tolerated than tilmicosin at the s.c. injection site (77.5 vs. 42.2% calves without local swelling, P=0.001) and was well tolerated when injected intravenously. Marbofloxacin was shown to have comparable but faster efficacy and better local tolerance than tilmicosin in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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28. Reviews of books.

Author

Hirst, D. M., Caldow, G. L., Richmond, P., Kirkbright, G. F., Kitchener, J. A., Young, D. A., Lynden-Bell, R. M., and Williams, G.

Published
1978
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29. General discussion.

Author

Caldow, G. L., Cowling, S. A., Johnstone, R. A. W., Maier, J. P., Turner, D. W., Lindholm, E., Price, W. C., McDowell, C. A., Carlson, T. A., and Hillier, I. H.

Published
1972
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30. General discussion.

Author

Hall, G. G., Leach, S., Jørgensen, C. K., Potts, A. W., Williams, T. A., Price, W. C., Okuda, M., Kimura, K., Åsbrink, L., Caldow, G. L., Schmidt, W., Evans, S., Lindholm, E., Larsen, J. S., and Stafast, H.

Published
1972
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36. The spectra and analysis of the v2 and v5 infrared bands of 12CD3F

Author

Caldow, G. L. and Halonen, L. O.

Abstract

The infrared spectrum of 12CD3F from 1040 to 1200 cm-1 has been analysed using a new program which diagonalizes the complete interaction hamiltonian matrix for the v2 and v5 ro-vibrational levels. The program fits simultaneously the microwave, laser Stark and diode spectra and over 800 transitions in the Nicolet FTIR spectrum. A comparison of the calculated and observed infrared spectra shows the phases of the dipole moment derivatives to be of opposite sign. Several new Stark spectra have been assigned.

Published
1982
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38. Self-consistent Hückel theory

Author

Caldow, G. L.

Abstract

Systematic approximations to the Pople method lead to a form of Hückel theory which is self-consistent with respect to charges and bond orders. The method is applied to the calculation of ionization potentials, electron affinities and equilibrium bond lengths in conjugated molecules.

Published
1970
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39. Fluorine chemical shifts in aromatic systems

Author

Caldow, G. L.

Abstract

The fluorine chemical shifts in halogen-substituted benzenes have been calculated and compared with experimental values. It is found that the co-called van der Waals shift makes a substantial contribution to the total chemical shift particularly when the substituent is ortho to the fluorine nucleus. This van der Waals shift is strongly dependent on the molecular geometry so that fluorine chemical shifts could be a possible source of information about overcrowding in molecules.

Published
1966
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40. Neosporosis and bovine abortion in Scotland.

Author

Buxton, D., Caldow, G. L., Maley, S. W., Marks, J., and Innes, E. A.

Abstract

Serum samples were collected over a two-year period from aborting cows and their fetuses from throughout Scotland; 465 maternal sera were examined using an immunofluorescent antibody test for IgG antibody to and 547 fetal sera were examined for IgM and IgG antibody to the parasite; 355 of the maternal sera were paired with their respective fetal samples. The maternal titres ranged from 1/8 to 1/16,384, with 59 per cent (275) having titres of 1/128 or 1/256. Of the 547 fetal sera, 9.9 per cent had IgM titres equal to or greater than 1/64, 11.2 per cent had IgG titres equal to or greater than 1/64 and 15.9 per cent had IgM and/or IgG titres equal to or greater than 1/64. It is concluded that a fetal IgM or IgG titre of 1/64 or more is evidence of fetal exposure to but that the examination of maternal sera is less reliable on an individual basis, although valuable for indicating the degree of infection in a herd. Although fetal seropositivity does not necessarily provide proof that was the cause of death in a given case, the observation that 15.9 per cent of aborted fetuses had antibody to the parasite shows that vertical transmission from dam to fetus is relatively common and may be an important cause of fetal loss in cattle in Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1997

44. General discussion

Author

Botschwina, P., primary, Handy, N. C., additional, Halonen, L., additional, Gaw, J. F., additional, Ha, T. K., additional, Lewerenz, M., additional, Quack, M., additional, Sheppard, N., additional, Duncan, J. L., additional, Brodersen, S., additional, Baggott, J. E., additional, Law, D. W., additional, Lehmann, K. K., additional, Hutchinson, J. S., additional, Winnewisser, M., additional, Holme, T. A., additional, Carney, G. D., additional, Duxbury, G., additional, Tennyson, J., additional, Child, M. S., additional, Chambers, A. V., additional, Sutcliffe, B. T., additional, Jensen, P., additional, Marquardt, R., additional, Newnham, D. A., additional, Henry, B. R., additional, Mills, I. M., additional, Coy, S. L., additional, Caldow, G. L., additional, Smith, A. M., additional, Walsh, R., additional, Ashfold, M. N. R., additional, McKean, D. C., additional, Watts, R. O., additional, Carrasquillo, E., additional, Utz, A. L., additional, Crim, F. F., additional, Temps, F., additional, Santamaría, J., additional, Getino-Gonzalez, C., additional, Simons, J. P., additional, García-Ayllón, A., additional, and Levine, R. D., additional

Published
1988
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