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The study depicts ways used in CNN news portal to portray Russian aggression of Ukraine in 2022, on the example of "Russia-Ukraine News" headlines, published in September 2022. Using both quantitative and qualitative analysis, author revealed most common means of portraying the war, as well as sources most often referred to. Additionally, the study covers categorization of news provided by CNN themselves.

The aim of the study is to depict the issue of occurrence of hate speech and derogatory in online donations. Author analyzed over 2 thousands of online donations given during over 50 hours of livestreams. Research material were broadcasts streamed live on two YouTube channels in 2019 and 2020. While only a few of the donations contained abusive language, many of them presented black humor that could be considered offensive. The line between offensive language and black humor is extremely fine and depends on the individual's sensitivity. How this line is "perceived" and enforced by censoring algorithms is a new challenge for communications management in digital era.

The article presents different ways of reporting the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022 by three American TV stations: CNN, PBS, and Fox News. Our study covered and categorized Facebook posts published between February 24th and May 31st. The analysis revealed three main themes around which reports about the war have been focused: the United States, Ukraine, and Russia, each one was treated differently by each station. The article shows and discusses the differences between them. The article also presents the overall context of discussing the war in Ukraine, which, right after it started, consisted of three main perspectives: 1) reports from the battlefield; 2) words and actions of Biden, Zelensky, and Putin; and 3) sanctions on Russia.

Social networking sites allow for the implementation of narcissistic mechanisms of admiration and rivalry. They are characterized by the norm of positivity - by their affirmative nature they can socialize to narcissism. In this paper, the author depicts the nil nisi bene principle, which states that one should speak well or not at all. This principle may be used by narcissistic individuals to control the audience on social networking sites. The author discusses how software-assisted processes of communication on social networking sites may be used to enhance narcissistic behavior.

The aim of the study is to depict the power of algorithms over online communities on the example of YouTube. Author presents the structure of YouTube community, describing role of algorithms and channel owners in assigning roles. The status of the supporter gives members access to dedicated content. Thus, the elite of the community has greater ability to tighten ties and influence the development of the community. On the other hand, regular members may experience fear of missing out. In the article several concepts of power are presented in the context of the role that algorithms play in online communities. The example of YouTube shows that online communities are increasingly being appropriated by algorithms.

The purpose of the article is to give general characteristics of the phenomenon of music occurrence in the online donations. Although music in the context of streaming has already received a lot of studies, its role in livestreams is still not explained. An attempt to describe the practices related to the use of music in donations was made on the example of YouTube, which is a leading service in the field of music streaming because of its free nature. Nevertheless, the use of music in donations always involves costs, despite the fact that the fragments of songs are broadcast for just a few seconds. During livestreams music can be used as a reward for charity, but it is primarily used to integrate the online community. The described phenomena do not occur in isolation from market mechanisms. Donations and the music with them remain entangled in the logic of the attention economy.

Kultura Współczesna 96, 3 (2017), pp. 110-117

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie wybranych cech komunikatów wysyłanych w donacjach internetowych w czasie transmisji emitowanych na żywo w serwisie YouTube. Materiał badawczy stanowiło 10 livestreamów o tematyce growej, emitowanych w roku 2020 przez jednego streamera. Wykorzystano metodę jakościowej analizy treści. Autorki przeanalizowały ponad 800 wiadomości, wskazując skalę występowania takich form komunikacyjnych, jak: powitanie, pożegnanie, pozdrowienie czy slogan społeczności. Analiza objęła również reakcje ze strony streamera. The aim of the article is to indicate selected features of messages sent in online donations during live broadcasts on YouTube. The research material consisted of 10 gaming livestreams broadcasted in 2020 by one streamer. The au-thors analyzed over 800 messages using the method of qualitative content analysis, indicating the scale of the occurrence of communication forms such as salute, fa-rewell, greeting or community’s catchword. In addition, the analysis also included streamer’s reactions.