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In this paper, a high precision detection method of copper ion (C u 2 + ) concentration based on weak measurement is proposed. The ternary complex formed by C u 2 + with L-tryptophan and phenanthroline reagents has circular dichroism (CD) signal at 605 nm in visible light. The CD signal can be obtained using the intensity contrast as a pointer in the imaginary weak-value amplification scheme. The measured sensitivity and resolution are 0.3417 mrad l/mg and 0.058 mg/l, respectively, which is improved by an order of magnitude compared to the traditional CD measurement method. It is also more accurate and less costly than commonly used C u 2 + detection methods. The C u 2 + concentration detection based on the weak measurement of CD signal detection proposed in this paper not only brings technological breakthroughs in the field of heavy metal ion detection, but also is of great significance in promoting the cross-development of chemistry, biomedicine, and life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste, specifically Punica granatum peel, and its application as an eco-friendly solution for removing copper (Cu2+) ions from industrial effluents, particularly those from copper-plating industries. The Punica granatum peel was chemically activated using ortho-phosphoric acid to produce activated carbon. The activation process involved impregnation followed by thermal activation at 500 °C. The resultant activated carbon was characterized using FTIR, TGA/DTA, and adsorption tests at room temperature and pH 5, which demonstrated a Cu2+ ion retention rate exceeding 95% within the first 15 minutes. The adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, while the adsorption isotherms was examined using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The study demonstrated that the activated carbon derived from Punica granatum peel exhibits high adsorption efficiency for Cu2+ ions, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 19.62 mg/g. The adsorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm model. The newly developed activated carbon exhibits a markedly higher adsorption efficiency compared to existing activated carbons, highlighting its innovative potential for adsorbing Cu2+ ions. Consequently, its use proves to be a cost-effective and sustainable solution for treating copper-contaminated industrial effluents. In fact, this research offers a dual benefit by providing a sustainable waste management solution for agricultural residues and an effective method for treating industrial effluents. Incorporating this activated carbon in post-copper plating rinsing water treatment ensures regulatory compliance and facilitates water reuse. This approach also supports copper recovery and reuse in new plating baths, promoting cyclic material circulation within the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D fibrous membranes of undoped and Cu-doped 70S glass were developed, by solution blow spinning. The concentration of copper ions ranged from 1 to 4 % in mol. As-spun fibers were calcined/stabilized at 700 °C. The produced membranes' morphological and biological properties and the release of Ca and Cu ions were evaluated. Amorphous materials were obtained in pure and doped with 1 % Cu2+ 70S glass, while metallic copper was observed in 4 % Cu2+ doped glass. All samples have fibers with average diameter at the submicron scale, ranging from 700 to 850 nm. The amount of Cu ions influenced the degradation of the samples and the release of Cu and Ca ions in the Tris solution, the greater the amount of copper the more these ions were degraded and released in the solution. In vitro biological results, showed that adding copper favored the biomineralization process. No toxicity was observed in the MMT test for all samples. Alamar Blue method showed cell viability for fibroblasts greater than 90 % for all samples and for osteoblasts greater than 70 % for the BG-70S.2Cu sample. The developed fibrous membranes presented antimicrobial characteristics against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, chitosan was cross-linked with dialdehyde chitosan to stabilize it and also provide aldehyde segments for the further functionalization with bovine serum albumin. Then, the magnetization procedure was done through the treatment of hybrid polymer with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. BSA was covalently immobilized on the magnetic CS-CSOX biopolymer through condensation of amine groups of amino acid units with the aldehyde functional groups of dialdehyde chitosan. N-terminal peptides, histidine and tryptophan residues of BSA and also the thiol side chain of cysteine and sulfur donor atom of methionine may be as proper binding sites for the copper ions coordination. The catalytic efficiency of Fe3O4@CS-BSA-Cu nanocatalyst was examined in the synthesis of 5-substituted tetrazoles and also 1,4-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles. The prepared nanocatalyst was separated by an external magnet and reused without significant difference in its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of mixed microalgae offers an effective solution for the management of contamination risks in cultivation while enhancing economic viability. In this study, mixed microalgae were used for the first time for the removal of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of the adsorbents were examined thoroughly, and the adsorption process was assessed using isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Particle size, concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH were among the variables assessed. The findings demonstrated that, at an initial concentration of 100 mg L–1 and a pH of 6, the maximum adsorption of Cu with a particle size of 1 mm (90.20%) took place in 60 min. The highest adsorption rate (78.25%) was found for Ni. Microalgae performed best over 180 min at room temperature and at pH values that promoted metal dissolution. The removal percentages of wet and dried microalgae were comparable, and the wet adsorbent was more economical. It was feasible to remove both metals at the same time. Up to three cycles of adsorbent reuse were possible, with sodium hydroxide treatment offering superior removal to hydrochloric acid. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that this process, which results in a disordered state, is exothermic and spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper is an important mineral, and moderate copper is required to maintain physiological processes in nervous system including cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Over the past few decades, copper induced cell death, named cuprotosis, has attracted increasing attention. Several lines of evidence have confirmed cuprotosis exerts pivotal role in diverse of pathological processes, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and I/R injury. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the interaction mechanism between copper-mediated cell death and I/R injury may reveal the significant alterations about cellular copper-mediated homeostasis in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, as well as therapeutic strategies deciphering copper-induced cell death in cerebral I/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myracrodruon urundeuva, popularly known as 'aroeira-do-sertão', a large tree, with a tall trunk. Belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, it occurs in the 'caatinga' and dry forests of Brazil, from Ceará to the states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. The present study aimed to analyse the whitening and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Myracrodruon urundeuva (AELMU). Inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme, as well as its copper chelating capacity and antioxidant effect were evaluated. The AELMU (at 2000 µg/mL) showed excellent inhibitory action (83.76%) on tyrosinase by chelating the copper ion while kojic acid at the same concentration inhibited 97.81%. Moreover, the extract displayed important antioxidant activity (inhibited 76,46% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical - DPPH; 49,59% of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and 51,07% of the hydroxyl radical). Thus, the extract under study is promising for use in cosmetics, given its multifactorial action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional chemotherapeutic agents suffer from a lack of selectivity, poor targeting ability, and drug resistance. Developing tumor-specific therapies is crucial for precisely eliminating tumors while circumventing toxicity to normal tissues. Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug for treating alcohol dependence, exhibits antitumor effect by forming complexes with copper ions (Cu(DDC)2). Here, we developed a Cu-doped polydopamine-based nanosystem (DSF@CuPDA-PEGM) to achieve in situ generation of toxic Cu(DDC)2. Results: In cancer cells with elevated H2O2 contents, CuPDA responsively degrades to release Cu ions and DSF, allowing on-site synthesis of Cu(DDC)2 with potent antitumor activity. DSF@CuPDA-PEGM exhibits excellent therapeutic efficacy against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to noncancerous cells. Moreover, DSF@CuPDA-PEGM promotes the immune response by inducing cancer cell immunogenic death, thereby augmenting anti-PD-1-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Conclusion: A tumor-specifically degradable Cu-doped polydopamine-based nanosystem is developed to achieve in situ synthesis of antitumor compounds, providing a promising approach to precisely eliminate tumors and heighten chemo-immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrite has natural floatability and thus readily enters valuable mineral flotation concentrates, diluting their quality and decreasing their economic value. Its separation is challenging, depending on process conditions, the presence of activating ions, and water quality, particularly in regions where seawater is used. This study examines the effect of various doses of sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) on pyrite depression in freshwater and seawater under weakly alkaline conditions and with different copper ion concentrations. Without the addition of activators or depressants, pyrite recovery is 40% in freshwater and 60% in seawater, whereas with 10 ppm of SMBS, recoveries drop to 28% and 38%, respectively. The addition of 10 ppm Cu2+ increases recovery by 10% in freshwater and by 20% in seawater. In the presence of 75 ppm of PAX, maximum recovery reached 50% in freshwater and 80% in seawater. These results suggest that cationic bridges formed by seawater ions, combined with CaOH+ activation, play a critical role in pyrite activation, even in the presence of depressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the anode varies from the impurity ions in the copper electrowinning process. This work focused on the variation of the electrochemical behavior of the Pb-0.06%Ca-1.2%Sn anode as the Fe ions (Fe3+ and/or Fe2+) existed in the electrolyte by electrochemical characterization. Copper electrodeposition experiments were conducted under a current density of 300 A/m2, with the Fe ion concentration in the electrolyte controlled within the range of 0 to 20 g/L and the Cu ion concentration maintained at 45 g/L at a temperature of 45 °C. The variation in the corrosion resistance, catalytic activity, and structural composition of the anode film layer was analyzed in-depth according to the presence of Fe ions. The results show that the structure of PbO2 on the surface of the film was changed as Fe ions doped into the anode film, and the oxygen evolution activity of the anode was also improved. However, the corrosion resistance decreased with increasing Fe3+ concentration. Furthermore, the addition of 2 g/L Fe2+ in the electrolyte containing 2 g/L Fe3+ led to an elevation in the corrosion resistance of the anode to some extent and further increased the oxygen evolution activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the development and application of electrospun wound dressings based on polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers, chitosan, and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for the treatment of purulent skin wounds. The materials were evaluated for their structural, antibacterial, and wound healing properties using an animal model. PLA/Ch-CuNPs demonstrated the most significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, surpassing the other tested materials. The integration of CuNPs into the nanofiber matrices not only enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy but also maintained the structural integrity and biocompatibility of the dressings. In vivo experiments using a rat model showed that PLA/Ch-CuNPs facilitated faster wound healing with reduced exudative and inflammatory responses compared to PLA alone or PLA-CuNPs. Histological and immunohistochemical assessments revealed that the combination of PLA, chitosan, and CuNPs mitigated the inflammatory processes and promoted tissue regeneration more effectively. However, this study identified potential toxicity related to copper ions, emphasizing the need for careful optimization of CuNP concentrations. These findings suggest that PLA/Ch-CuNPs could serve as a potent, cost-effective wound dressing with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, addressing the challenge of antibiotic-resistant infections and enhancing wound healing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress caused by pregnancy‐induced hypertension syndrome significantly affects the health of pregnant women. Hydrogen sulfide is a typical gaseous signal molecule against oxidative stress, and it is of profound significance to develop a detection method. In this study, a stimuli‐responsive hydrogel was constructed based on the coordination and bonding principle of metal ions and chitosan (CS) to realize the quantitative detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The chain of CS contains a large number of amino groups and hydroxyl groups, which can form the coordination structure with Cu2+, triggering CS to form a stable hydrogel. The hydrogel can be formed within about 5 s, which has the characteristics of rapid preparation. In the presence of target H2S, the cross‐linking agent Cu2+ in the hydrogel can compete out, resulting in the collapse of the hydrogel and the release of the electrochemical probe. By detecting the concentration of the released electrochemical probe, the quantitative detection of H2S can be achieved. The prepared hydrogel has a good linear relationship with the concentration of H2S from 1 μM to 60 μm. At the same time, the hydrogel has good specificity and stability, and it can be applied to the detection of H2S in serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research copper tagged magnetic surface imprinted polymer (IIP) has been developed using 1,10-phenanthroline immobilized magnesium ferrite–starch. Maximum removal of 95% was achieved at the optimum conditions i.e., 10 min contact time, pH of 6, and IIP amount of 20 mg. According to the kinetic study copper adsorption followed pseudo-second-order model moreover, based on the isotherm study Freundlich model better described the adsorption process as the maximum adsorption capacity of 33.7 mg g−1 was achieved. Adsorbed copper ions were eluted from the adsorbent surface with an HCl solution (0.5 mol L−1) and the IIP exhibited appropriate reusability (removal of more than 92%) after four cycles of sorption and elution. The limit of detection, linear dynamic range and RSD were 0.5 and 3.0–100 µg L−1 and 3%, respectively. The copper-tagged IIP showed a selectivity factor of 8.8, 4.6, 3.3, 3.2 and 5.4 concerning Zn, Ni, Co, Mn and Cd, respectively. The developed IIP-based adsorption system was employed for copper adsorption/preconcentration from water and food samples with an efficiency more than of 95%. Results confirmed that the IIP system is an appropriate route to reduce the side effects of heavy metals in aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel coordination CuCl2(L)2 complex was synthesized by complexation of the 2-thiophenimidazoline ligand with CuCl2.2H2O in less than 10 min. The synthesis was done using ultrasound irradiation in an ethanol solvent. The complexation was confirmed using CHN and FT-IR analysis and linked to the theoretical IR and DFT calculations. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction approach was employed to figure out the arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure of the CuCl2(L)2 complex. The copper ion is coordinated by two symmetry-related non-chelating 2-thiophenimidazoline ligands and two symmetry-related chlorine atoms. 2-Thiophenimidazoline ligands coordinate with the metal center by N-atom, whereas S-atom does not coordinate with the metal center. The X-ray results revealed a square planar coordination geometry, as evident from the respective bond angles around the Cu(II) ion. Hirshfeld surface analysis was done to learn more about intermolecular contacts. Theoretical calculations were carried out using DFT employing the B3LYP/Def2-TZVP level of theory, which showed that theoretical conclusions were reliable with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In polymer materials technology, replacing synthetic stabilizers with natural antioxidants is a current and developing issue. Cloves have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which is why they are often used in medicine and in gastronomy. Eugenol – the main component of clove oil, is also a strong antioxidant. The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the anti-aging effects of eugenol and cloves in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) compositions. The 2,2′-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and CUPric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) tests showed the ability of plant materials to reduce free radicals, as well as iron and copper ions. ENR compositions with additives were characterized by a longer oxidation induction time (OIT). The samples after solar aging showed better resistance to elevated temperature and solar radiation, as evidenced by aging coefficients (K) calculated on the basis of mechanical properties and carbonyl indexes of samples with eugenol and cloves. Cloves and eugenol can be successfully used as natural stabilizers in elastomeric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharide was extracted and purified from Dendrobium officinale, and its preliminary structure was characterized. Free radical scavenging activity and inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro oxidation of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides were evaluated. The results showed that the total sugar content of the obtained Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide was 90.17%±3.90%, the protein content was 0.14%±0.05%, the ash content was 4.47%±1.42% and the glucuronic acid content was 2.53%±1.02%, the relative molecular weight was 23970 Da and the monosaccharides were mainly mannose and glucose in this test. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide had certain free radical scavenging capacity. It could inhibit the production of conjugated diene in the oxidative modification system of LDL. The inhibition rate of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by copper ion reached 57.46%±0.56% when the polysaccharide concentration was 3.00 mg⋅mL-1. This study could provide theoretical support for the development of drugs for diseases such as arteriosclerosis due to LDL oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals existed in wastewater could bio-accumulate in aquatic organisms and bring a serious threat to human health. Many methods and adsorbents have been explored to remove heave metals from wastewater, however, developing new adsorbents with satisfied adsorptive property still needs further study. An eco-friendly aerogel adsorbent (CA-Arg) was synthesized through chemical grafting between sodium alginate and L-arginine, which showed outstanding adsorption efficiencies of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were investigated, and results demonstrated that the adsorption processes were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm equation, illustrating the adsorption processes of target metals were endothermic and spontaneous. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ and Cu2+ could reach 248.11 mg·g− 1 and 237.45 mg·g− 1, respectively. In addition, the possible adsorption mechanism between the surface functional groups of CA-Arg aerogels and metal ions was explored. This biomass-based aerogel provided a promising adsorbent for the treatment of industrial heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two novel pyrimidine‐cored covalent organic frameworks TpTap‐COF and TpTan‐COF were synthesized for the first time and used for the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Both COFs are nanofiber clusters with preferable crystallinity and thermal stability. The impact parameters such as pH value, shaking time, initial concentration, and temperature were studied by batch adsorption experiments in the multi‐metal ions system. The adsorption of six metal ions onto COFs follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model, which is a chemical adsorption process that occurs on non‐uniform surfaces. The adsorption rate is determined by both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Further research on the adsorption of copper ions onto COFs indicates the formation of metal complexes between O#N#N/O#O chelating sites in the COF skeleton and Cu ions through the sharing of lone pair electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malachite is a common copper oxide mineral that is often enriched using the sulfidization–xanthate flotation method. Currently, the direct sulfidization method cannot yield copper concentrate products. Therefore, a new sulfidization flotation process was developed to promote the efficient recovery of malachite. In this study, Cu2+ was used as an activator to interact with the sample surface and increase its reaction sites, thereby strengthening the mineral sulfidization process and reactivity. Compared to single copper ion activation, the flotation effect of malachite significantly increased after stepwise Cu2+ activation. Zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF–SIMS), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis results indicated that the adsorption of S species was significantly enhanced on the mineral surface due to the increase in active Cu sites after Cu2+ stepwise activation. Meanwhile, the proportion of active Cu–S species also increased, further improving the reaction between the sample surface and subsequent collectors. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and contact angle tests implied that the xanthate species were easily and stably adsorbed onto the mineral surface after Cu2+ stepwise activation, thereby improving the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface. Therefore, the copper sites on the malachite surface after Cu2+ stepwise activation promote the reactivity of the mineral surface and enhance sulfidization flotation of malachite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper in vegetables can enter the human body, and excessive copper may cause uncomfortable symptoms; thus, it is urgent to test copper ions for safety concerns. Herein, we prepared Zn2GeO4:Mn2+,In3+ (ZGO:Mn,In) persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) and then grafted glutathione for the determination of copper ions. ZGO:Mn,In was prepared by doping In3+ in ZGO:Mn to improve the emission at 532 nm under excitation at 258 nm. The doping amount, temperature, time, and pH were carefully optimized for a stronger emission intensity than ZGO:Mn. The fractional densities and energy band gaps were calculated by density functional theory, revealing the excitation enhancement mechanism of ZGO:Mn,In. The surface of ZGO:Mn,In was modified with carboxyl groups for linking glutathione to specially identify Cu2+ ions. The identification resulted in the aggregation-induced quenching of PLNPs' emission. Thus, the sensor exhibited good selectivity for copper ions, and the composite was successfully applied to the detection of copper ions in serum and vegetable samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of cuproptosis and immune checkpoint inhibition has shown promise in treating malignant tumors. However, it remains a challenge to deliver copper ions and immune checkpoint inhibitors efficiently and simultaneously to tumors. Herein, a mitochondria‐targeted nanoscale coordination polymer particle, Cu/TI, comprising Cu(II), and a triphenylphosphonium conjugate of 5‐carboxy‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (TI), for effective cuproptosis induction and programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐L1) downregulation is reported. Upon systemic administration, Cu/TI efficiently accumulates in tumor tissues to induce immunogenic cancer cell death and reduce PD‐L1 expression. Consequently, Cu/TI promotes the intratumoral infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to greatly inhibit tumor progression of colorectal carcinoma and triple‐negative breast cancer in mouse models without causing obvious side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study highlights the synergistic interplay between a Lewis acidic copper ion and a dissociated ligand from Cu(triNHC) complexes in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxy compounds. The reactions were found to proceed efficiently under Cu(triNHC)‐catalyzed conditions, yielding significant quantities of cyclic carbonates across various epoxy substrates encompassing amine, sulfide, and ether functionalities. Stereochemical analyses underscore a pronounced propensity for retaining the stereochemistry of epoxy compounds in the resultant carbonates. This suggests a mechanism involving double inversion of stereochemistry during the reaction, which comprises catalyst‐mediated epoxide ring opening, subsequent CO2 addition, and carbonate ring closing. These findings align with established mechanisms for CO2 fixation reactions, shedding light on the intricate pathways underlying this catalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing volumes of textile waste and heavy metal pollution of water are emerging environmental challenges. In an attempt to tackle these issues, a non-woven sorbent based on jute fibers was fabricated by recycling the textile waste from the carpet industry. The influence of contact time, concentration, pH and temperature on the sorption of lead and copper ions from aqueous solutions was studied. In order to enhance the sorption capacity of the non-woven material, in situ synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of TiO2 nanostructures was performed. The contribution of TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes to the uniformity of PANI coating and overall sorption behavior was compared. Electrokinetic measurements indicated increased swelling of modified fibers. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of the emeraldine base form of PANI. FESEM confirmed the creation of the uniform nanocomposite coating over jute fibers. The modification with PANI/TiO2 nanocomposite resulted in a more than 3-fold greater sorption capacity of the material for lead ions, and a 2-fold greater absorption capacity for copper ions independently of applied TiO2 nanostructure. The participation of both TiO2 nanostructures in PANI synthesis resulted in excellent cover of jute fibers, but the form of TiO2 had a negligible effect on metal ion uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ca- and Cu-decorated TiO2 microparticles are titanium dioxide nanoparticles that have been decorated with calcium and copper ions. TiO2, CaO, and CuO are low-cost, non-toxic, and non-hazardous materials. The aim of the present study was the physicochemical characterization of Ca- and Cu-decorated TiO2 microparticles and the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Thus, Ca2+ and Cu2+ species were incorporated onto TiO2 surfaces by a two-step wet method. The obtained TiO2-CaO-CuO composites were characterized by several experimental techniques. The electronic structure and charge properties of the composites were investigated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the composites were successfully tested for inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans standard strains. The zeta potential data indicate that the physiological condition of investigated microbial strains was strongly affected in presence of a dispersion of 10 μg/L of composites in a saline phosphate buffer also, the recorded SEM images show a damaged microbial cell surface in the presence of composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traditional sulfate electroforming copper without additives, the electroformed deposit often exhibits defects such as pinholes, burrs and nodules. The mechanical properties of copper electroforming deposits can be improved through an abrasive-assisted electroforming process at high current density. However, excessive dissolution of copper anodes often results in the generation of a significant amount of copper ions, which subsequently turn into copper powder by disproportionation reaction, leading to the formation of burrs on the surface of cathode. In this paper, the anode area is increased to reduce the anode current density and enhance the electric field. This can improve electric field and decrease Cu+ or copper powder in the solution. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the electroformed deposit with bilateral anodes are significantly improved. The electroformed copper deposit with a microhardness value of 138.4 HV, a tensile strength of 259.2 Mpa and an elongation of 13.6% can be obtained, which is increased by 8.5, 27.2 and 1.7%, respectively, compared with the one-sided placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both copper (Cu2+/+) and iodine (I−) are essential elements in all living organisms. Increasing the intracellular concentrations of Cu or I ions may efficiently inhibit tumor growth. However, efficient delivery of Cu and I ions into tumor cells is still a challenge, as Cu chelation and iodide salts are highly water-soluble and can release in untargeted tissue. Here we report mitochondria-targeted Cu-I cluster nanoparticles using the reaction of Cu+ and I− to form stable bovine serum albumin (BSA) radiation-induced phosphors (Cu-I@BSA). These solve the stability issues of Cu+ and I− ions. Cu-I@BSA exhibit bright radioluminescence, and easily conjugate with the emission-matched photosensitizer and targeting molecule using functional groups on the surface of BSA. Investigations in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that radioluminescence under low-dose X-ray irradiation excites the conjugated photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, and combines with the radiosensitization mechanism of the heavy atom of iodine, resulting in efficient tumor inhibition in female mice. Furthermore, our study reveals that BSA protection causes the biodegradable Cu-I clusters to release free Cu and I ions and induce cell death by modulating mitochondrial function, damaging DNA, disrupting the tricarboxylic acid cycle, decreasing ATP generation, amplifying oxidative stress, and boosting the Bcl-2 pathway. Efficient delivery of copper and iodine ions into tumor cells is promising for boosting the antitumor effect but elusive. Here the authors report a mitochondrial-targeted copper-iodide nanoparticles for the cancer treatment in which copper and iodide ions induce cell death by modulating mitochondrial functions under low-dose Xray irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer, predominantly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a significant global health challenge, with limited therapeutic options for patients with KRAS-mutated tumors. Herein, a copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was applied as a novel cuproptosis-mediated nanoplatform for lung cancer therapy. Cu-MOF would disassemble and liberate copper ions under the acidic microenvironment of lysosomes of cancer cells, initiating a cascade of cellular events. The released copper ions catalyzes the Fenton reaction, generating hydroxyl radicals that induce oxidative damage, leading to cytoskeletal disruption and activation of caspase-3, ultimately triggering apoptosis. Simultaneously, with the mediation of the key regulatory factor FDX1, we found that the copper ions binding to the mitochondrial protein DLAT could result in the loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins and aggregation of lipoylated proteins, which culminated in proteotoxic stress-induced cuproptosis. The pronounced anti-tumor effects of Cu-MOF with apoptosis and cuproptosis were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Such dual induction of apoptosis and cuproptosis by Cu-MOF presents a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC, particularly for KRAS-mutated tumors, and expands potential applications of Cu-based nanomateirals for other cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legionella longbeachae is the leading cause of Legionnaires' disease (LD) in Australasia and has been linked to exposure to compost and potting soils. Adding antimicrobial metal ions such as copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+), and manganese (Mn2+) to potting soils may reduce the load of L. longbeachae bacteria and infection risk. Baseline concentrations of metal ions in leachate from peat, bark dust, bagging base, and an all-purpose potting soil were: iron 0.40–0.99 µg/ml, Cu of 0.003–0.03 µg/ml, Zn 0.01–0.06 µg/ml and Mn 0.11–0.29 µg/ml. Addition of Cu2+ ions to leachate reduced L. longbeachae viability in a concentration dependent manner. A similar effect was seen in potting soil with Zn2+ and Mn2+ but 10-fold higher concentrations were needed. These metal ions have potential to reduce the load of L. longbeachae in potting soils but toxicity in plants needs to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the mass concentration and distribution of copper ions in copper containing sludge is a necessary step for recovering copper ions. Therefore, it is very important to study the application of high- precision X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in the determination of Cu ions in copper containing sludge. Due to the interference caused by the overlapping wavelength of X-rays generated by other elements and copper during the measurement process, the final Cu ion measurement results are biased. Therefore, high-precision X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to study the determination of Cu ions in copper containing sludge in the Shandonggou copper mine area in Zhongtiao, Shanxi, in order to solve the problem of measurement result deviation caused by interferen PHA range of 100~300, use high-precision X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the mass concentration of Cu ions in the molten sheet and correct it. The results showed that based on X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the range of Cu ion mass concentration in 36 sampling point samples was measured, from the lowest 8. 78 mg/kg to the highest 334. 98 mg/kg. Through the drawn Cu ion mass concentration distribution characteristic map, it was found that the Cu ion mass concentration was highest in the southeast and gradually decreased towards the northwest, indicating a wide variation in Cu ion mass concentration in copper containing sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the effect of extracellular acidosis, cysteine, glutathione, and iron ions (Fe3+) on the neurocytotoxic effect of copper ions (Cu2+) in vitro. At acidic pH of the culture medium (pH 6.8), the toxic effect of copper on cultured neurons significantly increased in comparison with that at neutral pH 7.3. In the presence of 25 μM Cu2+ in the culture medium at pH 7.3 and 6.8, the neuronal survival was 89±2 and 63±4%, respectively. In the presence of glutathione or cysteine (1 μM) in the culture medium, even 0.5 μM Cu2+ caused 100% death of cultured neurons, while the presence of Fe3+ (10-50 μM) had no effect on the toxicity of Cu2+. In general, acidosis or the presence of glutathione or cysteine increases the cytotoxicity of copper ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper and Mercury ions have vital role to play in biological world as their excess or deficiency can cause different type of diseases in human being as well as biological species including plants and animals. Therefore, their detection at trace level becomes very important in term of biological. The current studies embody the fabrication, structural characterization and recognition behavior of a novel rhodamine B hydrazone formed when hydrazide of rhodamine B was condensed with 5-Allyl-3-methoxy salicylaldehyde (RBMA). RBMA was found to be responsive towards the very trace level of Cu2+ and Hg2+ among other tested cations so far. The sensing procedure is based on the classical opening of the spiroatom ring of rhodamine. The limit of detection (LOD) and binding constant is 5.35 ppm, 2.06 × 104 M−1 and 5.16 ppm, 1.26 × 104 M−1 for Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions respectively. The probable mechanism correlates the specific binding of RBMA with Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions. The 1:1 stoichiometry of RBMA with Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions have been supported by HRMS, FT-IR data, Job's plot, and binding constant data. Reversibility is well exhibited by RBMA by the involvement of CO32− ions via demetallation process. The real time application is well demonstrated by the use of paper strip test. The DFT study also carried out which agrees well with the experimental findings. The results displayed the novelty of this current work towards the trace level analysis of the Cu2+ and Hg2+ of the cations which are play the crucial role in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an essential trace element, copper has major effects on cell metabolism. Therefore, interfering with the balance of copper metabolism in such a way that leads to copper deficiency or excess causes disease. It has been reported that copper metabolic imbalance, or cuproptosis, affects the development of cardiovascular diseases by mediating cellular oxidative stress and vascular remodeling and by interfering with mitochondrial functions. Importantly, copper chelators, copper ion carriers, small molecule inhibitors of copper chaperones, and dietary copper can alleviate cardiovascular diseases caused by copper metabolic imbalance or cuproptosis. In this review, we comprehensively considered the molecular mechanisms of copper metabolic homeostasis and cuproptosis, as well as their significance and therapeutic advances in cardiovascular diseases, aiming to provide insights on therapeutically targeting copper metabolic homeostasis and cupro-ptosis as a novel strategy for managing cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mono- and di-substituted cerium oxide catalysts, viz. Ce0.95Cu0.05O2-δ, Ce0.90Cu0.10O2-δ, Ce0.90 Cu0.05Mn0.05O2-δ, Ce0.85Cu0.10Mn0.05O2-δ, and Ce0.80Cu0.10Mn0.10O2-δ, were synthesized via a one-step urea-assisted solution combustion method. The elemental composition and textural and structural properties of the catalysts were determined by various physical, electronic, and chemical characterization techniques. Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction showed that co-doping of copper and manganese ions into the CeO2-δ lattice improved the reducibility of copper. Powder XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, and Raman spectroscopy showed that the catalysts were a singled-phased, solid-solution metal oxide with a cerium oxide cubic fluorite (cerianite) structure, and evidence of oxygen vacancies was observed. Catalytic results in the preferential oxidation of CO in a hydrogen-rich stream showed that complete CO conversion occurred between 150 and 180 °C. Furthermore, at 150 °C, Ce0.90Cu0.05Mn0.05O2-δ, Ce0.90 Cu0.10O2-δ, and Ce0.85Cu0.10Mn0.05O2-δ catalysts were the most active, achieving complete CO conversion and CO2 selectivity of 81, 79, and 71%, respectively. The catalysts performed moderately in the presence of CO2 and water, with the Ce0.90Cu0.05Mn0.05O2-δ catalyst giving a CO conversion of 80% in CO2, which decreased to about 60% when water was added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorescent and colorimetric dual-mode strategy based on carbon dots (CDs) was rationally designed for sensitive determination of Cu2+. Green fluorescent CDs with high absolute quantum yield of 72.9% were synthesized by facile one-step hydrothermal treatment of triethylenetetramine and Rose Bengal. Cu2+ could trigger the oxidative and chromogenic reaction of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to generate chromogenic PPDox, accompanied by the fluorescence quenching of the CDs. The quenching mechanism was identified as the inner filter effect between PPDox and CDs. Therefore, a colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode detection method for Cu2+ recognition was constructed. The limits of detection for Cu2+ were 4.14 μM and 1.28 μM for colorimetric and fluorescent mode, respectively. In addition, this method had achieved satisfactory results in the detection of Cu2+ in real serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

64Cu is gaining recognition not only for its diagnostic capabilities in nuclear medical imaging but also for its therapeutic and theranostic potential. The simultaneous βˉ and Auger emissions of 64Cu can be utilized to induce a therapeutic effect on cancerous lesions. The finding of the exceptional biodistribution characteristics of the radionuclide 64Cu, when administered as basic copper ions, has highlighted its potential therapeutic application in cancer treatment. Preclinical and clinical research on the effectiveness of [64Cu]CuCl2 as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical has commenced only in the past decade. Current clinical studies are increasingly demonstrating the high specificity and uptake of [64Cu]Cu2+ by malignant tissues during early cancer progression, indicating its potential for early cancer diagnosis across various organs. This short review aims to present the latest preclinical studies involving [64Cu]CuCl2, offering valuable insights for researchers planning new in vitro and in vivo studies to explore the theranostic potential of [64Cu]Cu2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lenvatinib resistance (LenR) presents a significant challenge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, leading to high cancer-related mortality rates globally. Unlike traditional chemotherapy resistance mechanisms, LenR in HCC is primarily driven by increased cancer cell stemness. Disulfiram, (DSF), functioning as a Cu ionophore, can coordinate with Cu2+ to overcome LenR in HCC by inhibiting cancer cell stemness and cuproptosis. However, DSF faces challenges due to its poor water solubility, while copper ions present issues related to systemic toxicity during widespread use. To address this, DSF and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were co-encapsulated to form an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion (DSF@CuO), effectively elevating DSF and copper ion concentrations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). DSF@CuO was then combined with sodium alginate (SA) to form a DSF@CuO-SA solution, which gelatinizes in situ with Ca2+ in the TME to form a DSF@CuO Gel, enhancing Pickering emulsion stability and sustaining DSF and copper ion release. A DSF@CuO Gel exhibits enhanced stability and therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional administration methods. It effectively induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cuproptosis in LenR HCC cells by downregulating DLAT, LIAS, and CDKN2A, while upregulating FDX1. Furthermore, it suppresses cancer stemness pathways through activation of the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway and inhibition of the NF-κB and NOTCH signaling pathways. These findings suggest that DSF@CuO Gels are a promising therapeutic strategy for treating LenR HCC. In vivo and in vitro LenR HCC models demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, this novel approach underscores DSF@CuO Gel's potential to overcome LenR in HCC, offering a novel approach to address this clinical challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel dinuclear CuII complex, [trichloridocopper(II)]-μ-chlorido-{bis[2-hydroxy-N′-(propan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide]copper(II)} monohydrate, [Cu2Cl4(C10H12N2O2)2]·H2O or [Cu(H2L)2(μ-Cl)CuCl3]·H2O [H2L = 2-hydroxy-N′-(propan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide]. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with one molecule of water, which forms interactions with the ligands. The first copper ion is penta-coordinated to two benzohydrazine-derived ligands via two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms, and one bridging chloride, which is also coordinated by the second copper ion alongside three terminal chlorines in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The arrangement around the first copper ion exhibits a distorted geometry intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. In the crystal, chains are formed via intermolecular interactions along the a-axis direction, with subsequent layers constructed through hydrogen-bonding interactions parallel to the ac plane, and through slipped π–π stacking interactions parallel to the ab plane, resulting in a three-dimensional network. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure were quantified and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Residual electron density from disordered methanol molecules in the void space could not be reasonably modelled, thus a solvent mask was applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scarcity of essential minerals in the wort used for bioethanol production has long been a persistent concern in industrial processes. This scarcity can negatively impact various aspects of production, including yeast cell vitality and sugar-to-ethanol conversion. In this study, we assessed the nutritional profile of key components of the industrial bioethanol production process and identified nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and copper ions deficiencies. Supplementation of fermentation assays with TMNitrofós was carried out until reaching the maximum allowed for manganese (24.5%), zinc (49.4%), and copper (8.8%). Laboratory-scale fermentation assays were conducted under varying conditions of soluble solids in the wort (20, 24, and 26°Brix). These experiments aimed to assess the primary productivity parameters in response to the application of TMNitrofós. Results showed that fermentations using wort with 24 and 26°Brix supplemented with TMNitrofós led to 7% higher fermentative efficiency compared to the control group. The supplemented fermentations demonstrated higher levels of cellular vitality (76.6%) compared to the control group (55.3%). Considering a scale-up in the bioethanol production process with TMNitrofós supplementation, an increase of 266 m3 of ethanol per month was achieved compared to the control group, resulting in cost savings of R$ 586,879.20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis, characterization and structural relevance of four new copper carboxylate complexes (1–4) has been presented here. The complexes have been synthesized by direct treatment of the substituted phenyl acetate and pyridine ligands in aqueous medium. The complexes were stable indefinitely with excellent yields and were characterized using spectroscopic and single crystal XRD techniques. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the bridging bidentate coordination mode for the carboxylate moiety in accordance to the actual structure revealed by XRD. Moreover, UV-Visible spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies helped in their characterization and yielded signals which were typical of the copper(II) complexes. Successfully solved single crystal XRD data showed binuclear paddlewheel structures for all the complexes with both copper ions linked through four OCO bridges of ortho-methoxy phenyl acetate (1–3) and ortho-methyl-meta-nitrophenyl acetate (4). The geometry around each copper was distorted square pyramidal where the apical positions are occupied by meta-bromopyridine (1), meta-methylpyridine (2) and DMSO (3 and 4) molecules. The complexes exhibited excellent DNA-binding activity majorly via intercalation as revealed by four experimental techniques. This preliminary study showed that the synthesized complexes add to the existing treasury on the paddlewheel complexes. Air stable newly synthesized and purified crystalline complexes with their preliminary structural relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Every year, large number of species adapted to the semi-arid environment of Tehran are planted. Meanwhile, planted plane tree (Platanus orientalis) and eldar pine (Pinus Halepensis var. Eldarica) trees in Tehran, in addition to creating green and interesting urban space, can also play a big role in absorbing heavy metals and components in the polluted air of Tehran. The aim of this study was concentrated on identification and comparison of the heavy metals in the wood, bark and leaves of planted plane tree and eldar pine trees by using flame atomic absorption method. Materials and methods: In this study, 20 separate test samples of leaves, wood, and bark of planted elder pine and plane trees were randomly selected from the 4th district of Tehran. According to the TAPPI standard test procedure, the leaf, wood and bark of the samples were collected and their ash percentage were measured. Then with the help of 63% nitric acid and for one hour, the solution containing heavy metal was separated from the ash. In this research, atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the type and percentage of metal ions absorbed in the wood, bark and leaves of plane tree and eldar pine tree. Results: The results showed that the highestamount of ash was found in plane tree bark and the least in plane tree wood. The highest amount of iron ion absorption was found in plane tree leaves, while the lowest amount of iron ion absorption was found in plane tree wood. The amount of iron ion absorption in eldar pine bark is more than its wood and leaves and in oriental plane leaves is more than its wood and bark. The highest amount of potassium ion absorption was observed in eldar pine leaves and the lowest was in eldar pine bark. The amount of potassium ion absorption in eldar pine leaves was higher than its wood and bark, and in plane tree, bark is higher than its wood and leaves. In addition, the absorption of potassium ion is more in plane tree than in eldar pine. The highest amount of copper ion absorption was observed in eldar pine leaves and the lowest amount was observed in plane tree wood. The rate of absorption of copper ions in leaves is higher than the bark and wood of both species. In addition, the absorption of copper ions in eldar pine is more than that of plane tree. The highest amount of lead ion absorption was observed in the bark of eldar pine and the lowest amount was observed in plane tree and eldar pine wood. The amount of lead ion absorption in the bark was more than in the leaves of both species and in eldar pine was more than in plane tree. The highest amount of zinc ion absorption was found in oriental plant leaves and the least in oriental plant wood. The rate of absorption of zinc ions in the bark of eldar pine is more than its leaves and wood and in oriental plant leaves is more than its bark and wood. The highest amount of nickel ion absorption was found in plane tree and elder pine leaves and the lowest in oriental plant wood. The rate of absorption of nickel ions in oriental plant and eldar pine leaves is higher than in their bark and wood. In addition, between the two species, the rate of absorption of nickel ions in eldar pine is higher than that of plane tree. Conclusion: So that, the results showed that the leaves and bark of both species have a great role in the absorption of heavy metal in the air. In addition, the importance of the eldar pine species in absorbing heavy metal such as nickel, zinc, lead, iron and copper is more than the plantain species due to its evergreen nature. Eldar pine and plane tree wood showed the least importance in absorbing heavy metal. While the importance of bark in absorbing lead is the highest. In other words, in urban areas like Tehran, where air pollution is very important, planting eldar pine species seems to be more effective than plane tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead halide perovskites have been explored ardently in the past decade owing to their excellent photophysical properties. High‐temperature cation exchange reactions have been employed to improve the stability and performance in perovskite lattice, but lacks control over size, shape, and stoichiometry. Herein, the solution phase interaction of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals with monovalent and bivalent copper ions, under ambient conditions is systematically investigated. The introduction of Cu1+ explicitly initiates a one‐dimensional growth with a distinct phase transition, that is from cubic to orthorhombic, while Cu2+ induces a partial exchange with Pb2+ with no phase change. DFT calculations suggest that Cu1+ induces structural distortion via Cs1+ substitution, altering the Goldschmidt tolerance factor and perovskite octahedral tilting, leading to the phase transition. Additionally, the oleic acid/amine ligands used to stabilize the nanocrystals, are preferentially etched away to form complexes with Cu1+, initializing an oriented growth of the nanocubes to nanorods. A mechanistic investigation of the evolution of the nanorods gave insights on tuning the tolerance factor via room temperature modifications and cation exchanges in perovskites for anisotropy and morphology tuning. This effortlessly obtained perovskite nanorods with Cu1+ could find effective applications in optoelectronics, and as novel photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper is known to have toxic effects on bacterial growth. This study aimed to determine the influence of copper ions on Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20 biofilm formation in a lactate-C medium supplemented with variable copper ion concentrations. OA G20, when grown in media supplemented with high copper ion concentrations of 5, 15, and 30 µM, exhibited inhibited growth in its planktonic state. Conversely, under similar copper concentrations, OA G20 demonstrated enhanced biofilm formation on glass coupons. Microscopic studies revealed that biofilms exposed to copper stress demonstrated a change in cellular morphology and more accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins than controls. Consistent with these findings, sulfur (dsrA, dsrB, sat, aprA) and electron transport (NiFeSe, NiFe, ldh, cyt3) genes, polysaccharide synthesis (poI), and genes involved in stress response (sodB) were significantly upregulated in copper-induced biofilms, while genes (ftsZ, ftsA, ftsQ) related to cellular division were negatively regulated compared to controls. These results indicate that the presence of copper ions triggers alterations in cellular morphology and gene expression levels in OA G20, impacting cell attachment and EPS production. This adaptation, characterized by increased biofilm formation, represents a crucial strategy employed by OA G20 to resist metal ion stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amylolytic industrial yeast strain named 1974-GA-temA, developed previously by our research team by coexpressing the α-amylase and glucoamylase genes, combines enzyme production, sweet potato residue (SPR) hydrolysis, and glucose fermentation into ethanol in a one-step process. This consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) method has great application potential in the commercial production of bioethanol from SPR, but important fermentation parameters should be optimized to further increase the ethanol concentration and yield. In this study, the effects of the initial fermentation pH, solid-to-liquid ratio, inoculation volume, addition of exogenous enzyme, and supplementation with metal ions were systemically investigated. Single-factor experiments revealed that the optimal pH was 4.0. In the solid-to-liquid ratio test, an increase in the solid-to-liquid ratio corresponded with a gradual increase in the ethanol concentration, peaking at 1:5. However, the ethanol yield gradually decreased, with the optimal solid-to-liquid ratio identified as 1:5. The ethanol concentration and yield reached 9.73 g/L and 5.84%, respectively. Additionally, an increase in the inoculum size resulted in increased ethanol concentration and yield, with the optimal inoculum level determined to be 10%. An ethanol concentration of 7.87 g/L was attained under these specified conditions, equating to an ethanol yield of 4.72%. Further analysis was conducted to assess the effects of exogenous cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase, both individually and in combination, on ethanol concentration and yield. The results indicated that pectinase had a particularly significant effect. The highest ethanol concentration was observed when all three enzymes were administered concurrently, yielding 27.27 g/L ethanol. Then, the role of metal ions in SPR fermentation was evaluated. The metal ions did not significantly affect the process, with the exception of copper ions. The addition of copper ions at a specific concentration of 0.2 g/100 g SPR increased the ethanol concentration. However, concentrations exceeding 0.2 g/100 g SPR inhibited yeast cell growth. Finally, orthogonal optimization was employed to determine the optimal combination of factors: pH, 4.0; solid-to-liquid ratio, 1:6; inoculation volume, 10%; cellulase and pectinase addition; and the absence of Cu2+ addition. Under these conditions, strain 1974-GA-temA produced 34.83 ± 0.62 g/L ethanol after 8 days of fermentation, corresponding to a 20.90% ± 0.37% ethanol yield. This value markedly exceeds the outcomes of all the conducted orthogonal experiments. The fermentation optimization experiments in this study are expected to increase ethanol production during the CBP fermentation of SPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping of brushite cements with metal ions can entail many positive effects on biological and physicochemical properties. Cu2+ ions are known to exhibit antibacterial properties and can additionally have different positive effects on cells as trace elements, whereas high Cu2+ concentrations are cytotoxic. For therapeutical applications of bone cement, a combination of good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate different physicochemical and biological aspects, relevant for application, of a brushite cement with Cu2+‐doped β‐tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and phytic acid as setting retarder. Additionally, the ion release was compared with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder. The investigated cements showed good injectability coefficients, as well as compressive strength values sufficient for application. Furthermore, no antibacterial effects were detected irrespective of the Cu2+ concentration or the bacterial strain. The cell experiments with eluate samples showed that the viability of MC3T3‐E1 cells tended to decrease with increasing Cu2+ concentration in the cement. It is suggested that these biological responses are caused by the difference in the Cu2+ release from the hardened cement depending on the solvent medium. Furthermore, the cements showed a steady release of Cu2+ ions to a lesser extent in comparison with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder, where a burst release of Cu2+ was observed. In conclusion, despite the anticipated antibacterial effect of Cu2+‐doped cements was lacking and mammalian cell viability was slightly affected, Cu2+‐concentrations maintained the physicochemical properties as well as the compressive strength of cements and the slow ion release from cements produced with phytic acid is considered advantageous compared to citric acid‐based formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cu-doped Mn 3 O 4 material with superior capacity and cyclability were constructed by facile precipitation and post-calcination. • The influence and function of Cu dopant on the electrochemical performances and reaction mechanism of Mn 3 O 4 were elucidated. • Rapid H+/Zn2+ co-insertion combined with enhanced Mn4+ ↔ Mn2+ conversion reactions are induced by copper dopant in Mn 3 O 4. High working voltage, large theoretical capacity and cheapness render Mn 3 O 4 promising cathode candidate for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Unfortunately, poor electrochemical activity and bad structural stability lead to low capacity and unsatisfactory cycling performance. Herein, Mn 3 O 4 material was fabricated through a facile precipitation reaction and divalent copper ions were introduced into the crystal framework, and ultra-small Cu-doped Mn 3 O 4 nanocrystalline cathode materials with mixed valence states of Mn2+, Mn3+ and Mn4+ were obtained via post-calcination. The presence of Cu acts as structural stabilizer by partial substitution of Mn, as well as enhance the conductivity and reactivity of Mn 3 O 4. Significantly, based on electrochemical investigations and ex-situ XPS characterization, a synergistic effect between copper and manganese was revealed in the Cu-doped Mn 3 O 4 , in which divalent Cu2+ can catalyze the transformation of Mn3+ and Mn4+ to divalent Mn2+, accompanied by the translation of Cu2+ to Cu0 and Cu+. Benefitting from the above advantages, the Mn 3 O 4 cathode doped with moderate copper (abbreviated as CMO-2) delivers large discharge capacity of 352.9 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, which is significantly better than Mn 3 O 4 (only 247.8 mAh g−1). In addition, CMO-2 holds 203.3 mAh g−1 discharge capacity after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with 98.6 % retention, and after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1, it still performs decent discharge capacity of 104.2 mAh g−1. This work provides new ideas and approaches for constructing manganese-based AZIBs with long lifespan and high capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Notably enhanced Fe(III)/PMS process by trace Cu(II) was observed in BA buffer. • Cu(III) and Fe(IV) dominated in RhB removal while SO 4 •− and HO• played a minor role. • BA played a dual role of complexant and buffer in this Cu(II)/Fe(III)/PMS/BA system. • This iron-based AOP was applicable in water treatment under alkaline conditions. Dissolved copper and iron ions are regarded as friendly and economic catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, however, neither Cu(II) nor Fe(III) shows efficient catalytic performance because of the slow rates of Cu(II)/Cu(I) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles. Innovatively, we observed a significant enhancement on the degradation of organic contaminants when Cu(II) and Fe(III) were coupled to activate PMS in borate (BA) buffer. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB, 20 µmol/L) reached up to 96.3% within 10 min, which was higher than the sum of individual Cu(II)- and Fe(III)- activated PMS process. Sulfate radical, hydroxyl radical and high-valent metal ions (i.e., Cu(III) and Fe(IV)) were identified as the working reactive species for RhB removal in Cu(II)/Fe(III)/PMS/BA system, while the last played a predominated role. The presence of BA dramatically facilitated the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) via chelating with Cu(II) followed by Fe(III) reduction by Cu(I), resulting in enhanced PMS activation by Cu(I) and Fe(II) as well as accelerated generation of reactive species. Additionally, the strong buffering capacity of BA to stabilize the solution pH was satisfying for the pollutants degradation since a slightly alkaline environment favored the PMS activation by coupling Cu(II) and Fe(III). In a word, this work provides a brand-new insight into the outstanding PMS activation by homogeneous bimetals and an expanded application of iron-based advanced oxidation processes in alkaline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parent MOF 808 was used to reconstruct a new metal–organic framework through a multi-step post-synthesis modification strategy. By fine-tuning the ratio of NH 2 IPA and adding 5-nitroindoline-2,3-dione (NID) and copper salt, a stable photocatalyst Cu@808-NH 2 IPA-NO 2 was obtained, exhibiting an excellent catalytic performance with CO and HCOOH production rates of 236.5 μmol g−1 h−1 and 993.6 μmol g−1 h−1 under non-noble metal. [Display omitted] To enhance the economic viability of photocatalytic materials for carbon capture and conversion, the challenge of employing expensive photosensitizer must be overcome. This study aims to improve the visible light utilization with zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) by employing a multi-component post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy. An economical photosensitiser and copper ions are introduced into MOF 808 to enhance its photoreduction properties. Notably, the PSM of MOF 808 shows the highest CO yield up to 236.5 μmol g−1 h−1 with a HCOOH production of 993.6 μmol g−1 h−1 under non-noble metal, and its mechanistic insight for CO 2 reaction is discussed in detail. The research results have important reference value for the potential application of photocatalytic metal–organic frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Herein we have reported a fluorescent probe (MB-M) based on MB derivative for Cu2+ ions detection. The probe was well characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS spectrum. Probe MB-M showed naked-eyes recognition to Cu2+ as color change from colorless to indigo. The probe exhibited promising features such as high fluorescence and UV–vis selectivity, fast response (5 mint), workable at pH 2–7, and low limit of detection (LOD = 0.33 µM). Probe MB-M was also used for Cu2+ ions imaging in HepG-2 cells and detection in daily life (Test Strip and lake water). Moreover, non-covalent interaction (NCI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis were used to study the interaction between MB-M and Cu2+ ions. By examining the electronic characteristics of the complex using natural bond orbital (NBO), electron density difference (EDD), and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, the sensitivity of MB-M towards Cu2+ ions were investigated. The results illustrated that the interactions between MB-M and Cu2+ ions involved chemisorption.