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A partir d'une revue de littérature sur les changements alimentaires en Albanie, Algérie, Maroc et Tunisie, l'article montre la place prépondérante des disciplines bioscientifiques et des questions de santé dans les connaissances sur ces quatre pays méditerranéens à revenus intermédiaires, où les systèmes alimentaires s'industrialisent. Alors que la littérature pointe les limites et les écueils sanitaires, mais aussi environnementaux, socioculturels, économiques et politiques liés à l'industrialisation des systèmes alimentaires, l'article met en lumière une recherche de nouveaux repères, notamment à travers le concept de régime méditerranéen. Dans cette quête d'orientation, les recherches en sciences humaines et sociales de l'alimentation peuvent, d'une part, participer à la meilleure compréhension des changements à l'oeuvre et, d'autre part, adopter une posture d'accompagnement des transitions vers des systèmes alimentaires plus durables.

Regular consumption of legumes is recommended worldwide for its environmental and health benefits. Cowpea, the most frequently consumed pulse in West African countries, is rich in nutrients and health-promoting bioactive compounds. A one-week retrospective food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate the contribution of the cowpea-based dishes to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI), based on their consumption frequency, intake, and nutritional composition. Participants were 1217 adults (19–65 years) from three urban or rural areas in southern Benin. Out of all respondents, 98% reported that they usually consumed cowpea-based dishes. The mean consumption frequency was 0.1 to 2.4 times/week, depending on the type of cowpea-based dish. The mean amount consumed was 71 g and 58 g of seeds/adult/day in urban and rural areas respectively. The mean daily contribution of cowpea-based dishes to RNI was 15% for energy, 42% for fibre, 37% for magnesium, 30% for folate, 26% for protein, and just above 15% for zinc and potassium. Thus, such regular cowpea consumption should be maintained.

Researchers rarely reveal the details of the methodological choices on which their research is based. The theoretical and practical considerations that have guided them in these choices often remain implicit. In this book, the focus is on methods for studying food and 'eaters'. The use of the term 'eaters' is intended to distinguish them from the simple image of a consumer. It emphasises the multi-dimensionality of the act of eating, an act that engages individuals socially as much as physically and inserts them into space and time as well as into economic exchanges. This book is the result of a collective effort by some forty established researchers. The aim is to provide a critical overview of fifteen methods currently used in or at the crossroads of different disciplines: anthropology, economics, geography, nutrition and sociology. The book will be of interest to students, teachers, expert researchers and other professionals looking for methods to better understand or refine their own tools for studying food and eaters.

Objective: To explore communities' perspectives on the factors in the social food environment that influence dietary behaviours in African cities. Design: A qualitative study using participatory photography (Photovoice). Participants took and discussed photographs representing factors in the social food environment that influence their dietary behaviours. Follow-up in-depth interviews allowed participants to tell the 'stories' of their photographs. Thematic analysis was conducted, using data-driven and theory-driven (based on the socio-ecological model) approaches. Setting : Three low-income areas of Nairobi (n 48) in Kenya and Accra (n 62) and Ho (n 32) in Ghana. Participants : Adolescents and adults, male and female aged ≥13 years. Results : The 'people' who were most commonly reported as influencers of dietary behaviours within the social food environment included family members, friends, health workers and food vendors. They mainly influenced food purchase, preparation and consumption, through (1) considerations for family members' food preferences, (2) considerations for family members' health and nutrition needs, (3) social support by family and friends, (4) provision of nutritional advice and modelling food behaviour by parents and health professionals, (5) food vendors' services and social qualities. Conclusions: The family presents an opportunity for promoting healthy dietary behaviours among family members. Peer groups could be harnessed to promote healthy dietary behaviours among adolescents and youth. Empowering food vendors to provide healthier and safer food options could enhance healthier food sourcing, purchasing and consumption in African low-income urban communities.

Cette étude a pour objectif de documenter le renouvellement d'une politique alimentaire d'import-substitution au Cameroun. Elle interroge en quoi la production de farines panifiables à partir de productions vivrières locales (manioc, banane plantain, patate douce) peut devenir compétitive par rapport aux importations de blé. Elle utilise pour cela un cadre d'analyse de filière et de cluster alimentaires, ainsi que des bases de données primaires et secondaires et des enquêtes. Les résultats confirment une tendance à l'importation croissante de blé, qui présente des risques à l'avenir pour la souveraineté alimentaire. Ils montrent qu'il est difficile de se concentrer uniquement sur un objectif de substitution à la farine importée. La production nationale de manioc, de banane plantain et de patate douce fournit encore peu d'excédents pour répondre aux besoins d'une production industrielle de farines panifiables. En revanche, ces résultats confirment l'opportunité de développement de clusters constitués de petites unités de transformation valorisant une diversité de produits locaux à partir des produits amylacés tropicaux.

En France, l'aide alimentaire est la principale option proposée aux personnes en situation de précarité qui rencontrent des difficultés pour accéder à la nourriture. L'essentiel de l'aide s'appuie sur le Fond Européen d'Aide alimentaire, mais surtout sur des dispositifs nationaux de déduction fiscale aux entreprises et particuliers, qui encouragent les dons aux principales associations d'aide alimentaire. Plus récemment, l'aide alimentaire en France s'est alignée sur l'agenda européen, en intégrant la lutte contre le gaspillage alimentaire aux dispositifs d'aide. Ces politiques conjointes de lutte contre la précarité et le gaspillage alimentaires ont permis l'émergence de nouvelles formes de solidarité, mettant en avant les notions d'émancipation des personnes impliquées dans la cause. Des collectifs et initiatives militantes, auto-organisés, se sont multipliés. Parmi ces initiatives, certaines optent pour la récupération des aliments, comprise largement comme la collecte, la redistribution ou la consommation de produits alimentaires destinés à être jetés. Ces pratiques, encore peu étudiées en France dans leur diversité, oscillent dans leurs justifications entre lutte contre le gaspillage et aide alimentaire aux plus démunis. Cet article entend contribuer à enrichir la connaissance de ces initiatives, en interrogeant les sens dont elles sont porteuses au regard d'une conception plus démocratique des systèmes alimentaires. L'analyse se fonde sur une étude de cas menée en 2022 auprès de l'association des Jardins Agroécologiques Partagés (AJAP), engagée dans des actions citoyennes autour de la récupération alimentaire, et caractérisée par son fort ancrage territorial au sein d'un quartier populaire de Montpellier.

Food systems are intimately linked to our lives – through the food we eat, our nutrition and health, our livelihoods, jobs, and the environment and natural resources of the planet. The main challenge for food systems is to produce nutritious food for all while preserving our biodiversity and environment and ensuring equitable distribution of wealth. This Food Systems Profile provides a summary of the main food system issues in Malawi and highlights potential solutions for their sustainable and inclusive transformation. It is the result of a systemic analysis and stakeholders' consultation that was part of a global assessment of food systems in over 50 countries, following a joint initiative by the European Union, FAO, and CIRAD which aims at catalysing the sustainable and inclusive transformation of food systems.

La filière riz dans la plaine de la Ruzizi à l'est de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) occupe une place importante au regard des habitudes alimentaires des populations de la région et des revenus des paysans. Cet article est issu d'une enquête auprès d'acteurs de la filière et illustre (i) l'organisation de la filière, en précisant le rôle des intermédiaires commerciaux ; (ii) les caractéristiques transactionnelles (modes de coordination) ; et (iii) les facteurs de mise à profit par les producteurs, des informations sur le prix et sur la qualité. Les transactions dans cette filière s'organisent autour de trois circuits, avec toutefois une large domination du circuit de la brasserie Bralima qui capte près de 80% de la production rizicole locale. C'est un débouché sûr pour les producteurs, mais son poids laisse peu de place au développement de la filière de riz de table qui souffre de la concurrence du riz importé.

Cette étude décrit la diversité et les caractéristiques de l'environnement alimentaire dans lequel s'approvisionnent et consomment les ménages de Ziguinchor (Sénégal), ainsi que leurs pratiques d'approvisionnement et de consommation alimentaire. Elle met en évidence le dynamisme et la densité du commerce de détail alimentaire dans cette ville. Il en ressort qu'à côté de quelques produits alimentaires de base importés bien ancrés dans les habitudes alimentaires, on y trouve et consomme également de nombreux produits venus de basse Casamance, d'autres régions du Sénégal ou des pays voisins (Guinée et Guinée-Bissau). Mais la question alimentaire se pose surtout en termes d'accessibilité aux produits. Ceux qui sont denses en nutriments (comme les légumes, les fruits, ou les produits halieutiques) sont par exemple moins disponibles dans les quartiers les plus défavorisés que les produits transformés. Et les populations qui habitent ces quartiers rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés pour se rendre au marché central. Ce document met également en lumière l'hypothèse selon laquelle le secteur de la post production offre des opportunités d'emplois et de revenus, notamment pour des femmes. Mais ces dernières, majoritaires dans la restauration de rue et bien présentes dans le commerce de détail de produits agro-alimentaires, restent confrontées à des situations plus précaires que les hommes, ce qui appelle un soutien tout particulier à ces actrices du système alimentaire de Ziguinchor. " Le système alimentaire de Ziguinchor " publié par le Grdr en partenariat avec la ville de Ziguinchor, le CIRAD, l'ISRA BAME et l'Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor s'appuie sur plusieurs séries de données, collectées entre septembre et décembre 2021 auprès de 497 points de vente dans 10 quartiers de la ville et de 450 lieux de restauration de rue dans les 35 quartiers que compte la commune de Ziguinchor.

Context: Consumption of food away from home represents an increasing share of people's food consumption worldwide, although the percentage of food intake that is consumed away from home varies among countries and among individuals. Previous systematic reviews have reported that, overall, consumption away from home negatively affects an individual's diet and nutritional status. However, these reviews have mainly focused on high-income countries, leaving a gap in knowledge and data for people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: The present review aimed to describe trends in the consumption of food away from home in an apparently healthy population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to investigate any associations between this behavior and diet quality, nutritional status, and health outcomes. Data Sources: A structured search strategy was developed for retrieving (from MEDLINE [via PubMed], Web of Science, and Scopus) peer-reviewed articles published in English from March 2011 until May 2021. Data Extraction: Forty studies were included, and from them information was obtained based on data from 12 different countries. A qualitative and descriptive approach was used to review the evidence. Data Analysis :: It was found that there was large heterogeneity in the definition of food consumed away from home and the methods used to measure it, making comparisons and syntheses difficult. Consumption of food away from home in LMICs was relatively common and was positively driven by factors such as being a male, being young, having a high socio-economic status, being educated, and living in urban areas. As in high-income countries, consumption of food away from home in LMICs had unfavorable effects on an individual's diet quality, nutritional status, and health. Conclusion: There is a need to develop harmonized surveillance systems for better monitoring of the phenomenon of food consumption away from home in LMICs, including a need for a standar

Over the last 2 decades, many African countries have undergone dietary and nutrition transitions fueled by globalization, rapid urbanization, and development. These changes have altered African food environments and, subsequently, dietary behaviors, including food acquisition and consumption. Dietary patterns associated with the nutrition transition have contributed to Africa's complex burden of malnutrition—obesity and other diet-related noncommunicable diseases (DR-NCDs)—along with persistent food insecurity and undernutrition. Available evidence links unhealthy or obesogenic food environments (including those that market and offer energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and beverages) with suboptimal diets and associated adverse health outcomes. Elsewhere, governments have responded with policies to improve food environments. However, in Africa, the necessary research and policy action have received insufficient attention. Contextual evidence to motivate, enable, and create supportive food environments in Africa for better population health is urgently needed. In November 2020, the Measurement, Evaluation, Accountability, and Leadership Support for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention Project (MEALS4NCDs) convened the first Africa Food Environment Research Network Meeting (FERN2020). This 3-d virtual meeting brought researchers from around the world to deliberate on future directions and research priorities related to improving food environments and nutrition across the African continent. The stakeholders shared experiences, best practices, challenges, and opportunities for improving the healthfulness of food environments and related policies in low- and middle-income countries. In this article, we summarize the proceedings and research priorities identified in the meeting to advance the food environment research agenda in Africa, and thus contribute to the promotion of healthier food environments to prevent DR-NCDs, and other forms of malnutrition.

In the context of studies on the effects of agricultural production diversity, there are debates in the scientific community as to the level of diversification appropriate for improving dietary diversity. In Tunisia, agriculture is a strategic sector for the economy and a critical pillar of its food sovereignty. Using instrumental variable methods to account for endogeneity, we have estimated the association between agricultural production diversity and women's dietary diversity among smallholder farming households in the Sidi Bouzid governorate (central Tunisia). Although we found a low level of agricultural production diversity and a fairly diversified diet among women, we observed a systematic weak positive association between five different indicators of agricultural production diversity and women's dietary diversity. We observed a stronger positive association between women's dietary diversity and women being more educated and households being wealthier. Neither diversity of food supplies in food markets nor market distance were associated with women's dietary diversity, whereas we observed a higher level of consumption of some products (dairy) when they were produced on the farm.

Background: The timely and accurate identification of food insecurity situations represents a challenging issue. Household surveys are routinely used in low-income countries and are an essential tool for obtaining key food security indicators that are used by decision makers to determine the targets of food security interventions. Methodology: This paper investigates the spatial and temporal quality of the food security indicators obtained through household surveys. The empirical case of Burkina Faso is used in this paper, where a large-scale rural household survey has been conducted yearly since 2009. From this data set, three food security indicators (the Food Consumption Score, the Household Dietary Diversity Score and the Coping Strategies Index) are calculated at the regional level for each year during the 2009–2017 period. Results: Results highlight that observed spatiotemporal variations in these indicators are consistent with the major regional food shocks reported in food warning system reports and are significantly correlated with variations computed from other sources of data, such as satellite images, rainfall and food prices. Conclusion: These results raise new research questions on food security monitoring systems and on the use of heterogeneous data and multiple food security indicators.

European Commission has recently published the rules on the use of the quality term "mountain product". The new regulation aims to promote the sustainable development of mountain areas and to facilitate the identification of mountain products by consumers. Despite the importance of viticulture for several European mountain communities and the growing interest of European consumers in quality certified foods, the regulation did not encompass wines. The literature addresses many issues regarding wines and consumer preferences, but so far mountain wines are not specifically researched. With this study, we seek to fill this gap by analysing Italian consumers' preferences for mountain wines as well as their opinion on the inclusion of this product in the mountain labelling scheme. To do so, this study applies a best-worst scaling model and subsequent latent class analysis. Data was collected through an online questionnaire applied to a consumer panel. The results indicate that most of respondents are in favour of applying the mountain label to wines. The three most preferred attributes are related to human health, ecological sustainability and product typicity. Most of the participants gave less importance to the attributes that characterize mountain agriculture. Only one consumer segment valued some of these. The findings suggest that the inclusion of mountain wines in the labelling scheme may increase the interest of Italian wine consumers, especially if health, sustainability and typicity are ensured by producers.

The European Union (EU) regulation on mountain food products represents a great opportunity for beef producers in mountain areas, particularly as the quality-certified food has received more attention from European consumers in recent years. However, for a food-quality system—such as the European Commission's mountain labeling scheme—to be effective, the regulation standards must meet consumer expectations. In Italy, there are few studies on consumer preferences regarding beef and none focused on meat produced in mountain areas. To help fill this gap, this study assessed the preferences of Italian citizens for attributes associated with beef produced in mountain areas and contrasted the results with the EU regulation on mountain food products. Furthermore, factors that explain the heterogeneity of Italians' preferences regarding beef production attributes were analyzed. Data were collected online using a consumer panel, and a best–worst scaling method and latent class analysis were used. The results indicate that Italians expect mountain beef to be healthier and produced according to higher animal welfare standards. Such preferences reveal the existence of a gap between what Italians expect and the quality standards of the EU regulation on mountain food products, a situation that may jeopardize the objectives of the European Commission's mountain labeling scheme.

Nos últimos anos, as críticas ao sistema agroalimentar dominante no Brasil levaram à emergência de sistemas alimentares alternativos. O papel dos atores gastronômicos nesses sistemas começa a ser tema de interesse em pesquisas e na literatura brasileira. Contudo, os efeitos das práticas e inovações implementadas por esses atores gastronômicos nas mudanças nos sistemas alimentares, particularmente nos contextos urbanos, foram pouco estudados. Este artigo busca compreender como as relações existentes entre os restaurantes de Brasília e produtores locais têm contribuído para a consolidação de sistemas alimentares urbanos alternativos. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas e uma oficina participativa com os atores ligados aos restaurantes, entre eles agricultores, intermediários comerciais, chefs de cozinha e representantes do poder público. Os restaurantes, com seus respectivos chefs de cozinha, atendiam a pelo menos um dentre dois critérios de seleção: uso de ingredientes da sociobiodiversidade do Cerrado e/ou de agricultores familiares locais no seu cardápio, e participação em projetos ambientais. Os principais apontamentos dessa contribuição estão relacionados à percepção de novas iniciativas desencadeadas por alguns desses restaurantes, com a agregação de outros serviços como educação alimentar, realização de oficinas de formação em alimentação sustentável, funcionamento como ponto de encontro de co-produtores de comunidades que sustentam a agricultura (CSA), ou como pontos de venda de produtos da agricultura familiar e da sociobiodiversidade. Essas propostas podem estimular a adesão de outros chefs e restaurantes, contribuindo para o estabelecimento de sistemas alimentares mais sustentáveis.

La géographie de l'alcool s'est longtemps intéressée aux pays dits du Nord. Ce numéro thématique propose de décentrer le regard en étudiant l'alcool dans le contexte des Suds où sa place, sa visibilité et sa circulation dans l'espace ne vont pas toujours de soi. Il interroge la matérialité de l'alcool, de sa production à sa consommation, les représentations qui lui sont associées, ses circulations dans l'espace et les conditions de sa présence ou de son absence dans certains lieux à de multiples échelles (le territoire national, la ville, le quartier, l'espace privé et l'espace public, etc.). C'est une géographie politique, à la fois matérielle et sociale, d'une boisson fortement ambivalente qui est proposée ici.

Les chercheurs donnent rarement à voir le détail des choix méthodologiques qui fondent leurs recherches. Les considérations théoriques et pratiques qui les ont guidés dans ces choix restent souvent implicites. Dans cet ouvrage, les méthodes pour étudier l'alimentation et les "mangeurs" sont au centre. L'usage du terme "mangeurs" vise à distinguer ces derniers de la figure du consommateur. Il met l'accent sur la multidimensionnalité de l'acte de manger, cet acte qui engage le corps biologique tout autant que la socialité des individus et les insère dans l'espace et le temps ainsi que dans des échanges économiques. Cet ouvrage est le fruit d'un travail collectif réunissant une quarantaine de chercheuses et chercheurs confirmés. Soucieux de pédagogie, il a pour objectif de présenter de manière critique quinze méthodes aujourd'hui utilisées dans ou à la croisée de différentes disciplines : anthropologie, économie, géographie, nutrition et sociologie. L'ouvrage intéressera étudiants, enseignants, chercheurs experts et autres professionnels à la recherche de méthodes permettant de mieux comprendre ou d'affiner leurs propres outils d'étude de l'alimentation et des mangeurs.