Search

The effectiveness of strategic psychology‐based marketing techniques for increasing public support for conservation is poorly understood. We assessed how such techniques affect support for tropical rainforest restoration with a controlled online experiment with 1166 nationally representative residents of the United Kingdom. We tested whether support increased when adding ecosystem service (ES) framings to typical nongovernmental organizations’ (NGOs) biodiversity‐focused messages that emphasize benefits to UK residents or people living near the tropical restoration site and a dynamic social norm nudge that emphasized increasing popularity of environmental restoration. We considered how respondents’ psychological traits (nature connection, self‐efficacy, psychological benefits of supporting charities, awareness of environmental degradation in the Global South, and climate change skepticism) influenced responses. Outcomes included respondents’ reported advertisement sufficiency, sympathetic attitudes, behavioral support, and financial support. The study population typically found advertisements sufficient and exhibited sympathetic attitudes and financial, but not behavioral, support. Younger people exhibited greater conservation support than older respondents. Messages framed solely on biodiversity conservation were as effective as those highlighting additional ES benefits received by UK residents and people near the tropical restoration site. This suggests that framing around ESs, rather than nature's intrinsic value, may not strengthen public support for conservation. The dynamic social norm nudge had perverse effects. It reduced perceived social norms and most outcome variables. Alternative dynamic norm nudges warrant testing, but our results support research suggesting dynamic norm nudges can be ineffective when associated with activism, challenging their use by conservation NGOs. Psychological benefits of supporting charities and perceived self‐efficacy increased support for advertisements, highlighting the benefits of including impact statements relating respondents’ support to specific outcomes. Climate change skepticism decreased support, whereas nature connection and perceived static social norms increased it, highlighting the need to increase nature connection and pro‐environmental social norms to elevate public support for conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context of crisis and promotion of nature tourism it is necessary to identify the territorialities that produce protected areas of Andean Patagonia. This article has focused on Los Glaciares, Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Perito Moreno National Parks (Argentina). Many actors converged on them with their own projects and interests. This increased the conflicts and the reconstruction of the space in a strategic political and environmental area. In this research qualitative techniques were used from a comparative and critical approach for the interpretation of in-depth interviews, participant observations and documentary reviews carried out between 2018 and 2022. As a result, five territorial projects were identified with different conceptions of nature, agents and territorial strategies: untouched, commodified, capitalized, reserved and of other natures. In the areas have predominated the commodified and capitalized nature projects developed by the National Parks Administration, companies with concessions and tourist permits and international philanthropic foundations, mainly in Tierra del Fuego and Los Glaciares National Parks. One might ask how this will affect state policy, the public nature of the areas and their future conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La experiencia, más que visitar un nuevo lugar, comprende un encuentro entre culturas, personas y entornos naturales, que impacta tanto en los viajeros como en los destinos turísticos visitados. El presente estudio propuso determinar cómo la experiencia turística promueve un turismo sostenible en la Reserva Nacional de Lachay (RNL), Lima, Perú. Se desarrolló mediante un enfoque cualitativo, fenomenológico, con casos de estudio identificados mediante la técnica de muestreo bola de nieve; se identificaron cinco profesionales con experticia en el desarrollo de experiencias turísticas, a quienes se les entrevistó mediante una guía de entrevista semiestructurada. Se concluye que la RNL es un espacio turístico natural que ofrece a los turistas la posibilidad de experimentar sensaciones agradables a través de los sentidos, principalmente el sentido auditivo y visual; además, la visita permite reconocer e interiorizar el significado e importancia del ecosistema de lomas, ayudando a comprender la necesidad de su conservación para el beneficio de las generaciones futuras. Cabe precisar que la generación de experiencia turística requiere la confluencia de distintos elementos naturales, materiales y humanos, que repercute en beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales para los turistas y la comunidad anfitriona.

Intensification in agriculture affects many insect species, including butterflies. Insect‐resistant crops, such as Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize, which produces a toxin active against Lepidoptera, are an alternative to insecticide sprays. Genetically modified crops are regulated in most countries and require an environmental risk assessment. In the European Union, such assessments include the use of simulation models to predict the effects on nontarget Lepidoptera (NTL). To support the assessment of protected NTL, we extended an individual‐based, stochastic, spatially explicit mathematical model (LepiX) to include a wider range of exposure scenarios, a species‐sensitivity distribution, and an option for repeated exposure of individuals. We applied the model to transgenic maize DAS‐1507, which expresses a high concentration of Bt toxin in pollen that may be consumed by NTL larvae on their host plants nearby. Even in the most conservative scenario without repeated exposure, mortality estimates for highly sensitive species ranged from 41% to 6% at distances of 10–1000 m from the nearest maize field. Repeated exposure can cause additional mortality and thus is relevant for the overall risk assessment. Uncertainties in both exposure and ecotoxicity estimates strongly influenced the predicted mortalities. Care should be taken to include these uncertainties in the model scenarios used for decision‐making. In accordance with other modeling results, our simulations demonstrated that mean mortality may not be safe for protected species. With its high pollen expression, DAS‐1507 maize may pose risks to sensitive and protected butterfly and moth species that may be difficult to manage. High expression of Bt toxin in pollen is unnecessary for controlling target pests. Consequently, we suggest that Bt maize with high pollen expression not be cultivated in regions where protected butterflies are to be conserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity compensation policies have emerged around the world to address the ecological harms of infrastructure expansion, but historically compliance is weak. The Westminster government is introducing a requirement that new infrastructure developments in England demonstrate they achieve a biodiversity net gain (BNG). We sought to determine the magnitude of the effects of governance gaps and regulator capacity constraints on the policy's potential biodiversity impacts. We collated BNG information from all new major developments across six early‐adopter councils from 2020 to 2022. We quantified the proportion of the biodiversity outcomes promised under BNG at risk of noncompliance, explored the variation in strategies used to meet developers' biodiversity liabilities, and quantified the occurrence of simple errors in the biodiversity metric calculations. For large developments and energy infrastructure, biodiversity liabilities frequently met within the projects' development footprint. For small developments, the purchase of offsets was most common. We estimated that 27% of all biodiversity units fell into governance gaps that exposed them to a high risk of noncompliance because they were associated with better‐condition habitats delivered on‐site that were unlikely to be monitored or enforced. More robust governance mechanisms (e.g., practical mechanisms for monitoring and enforcement) would help ensure the delivery of this biodiversity on‐site. Alternatively, more biodiversity gains could be delivered through off‐site biodiversity offsetting. For the latter case, we estimated that the demand for offsets could rise by a factor of 4; this would substantially increase the financial contributions from developers for conservation activities on private land. Twenty‐one percent of development applications contained a simple recurring error in their BNG calculations. One‐half of these applications were approved by councils, which may indicate under‐resourcing in council development assessments. Our findings demonstrate that resourcing and governance shortfalls risk undermining the policy's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina, from the beginning of the 21st century onwards, it has been detected that the conservation policies deployed by the National Parks Administration have been characterized by creating numerous protected areas and extending existing ones. During these years two concurrent processes also took place. One of them, related to the adoption and consolidation of neo-extractivism as a productive model whose modalities plundered the ecosystem functions of ecoregions throughout the entire national territory. The remainder was associated with the commitments assumed by the country before the Convention on Biological Diversity through the Aichi Goals. Therefore, it is hypothesized that both processes conditioned the conservation policies of said organism during the period 2000-2022. It is concluded that these policies were reactive and compensatory when seeking to protect the relics of the ecoregions not eradicated by neo-extractivism. At the same time, they tried to comply with the international commitments assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the political consequences of environmental nongovernment organization (ENGO) involvement in protected area conservation in Australia. Rapid growth of a nongovernment protected area (NGPA) estate this century has involved a range of individuals, communities, First Nations, and ENGOs, and has been closely tied to government policy and private finance. Although NGPA conservation achievements have been profound, there has been limited examination of what expanded nongovernment involvement, responsibility, and leadership mean for the practice and governance of nature conservation. Thematic analysis of twenty-four key informant interviews and selective gray literature identifies how financing, accountability, and partisan politics are emerging as key domains in shaping an NGPA estate that reflects a closer alignment with capital and market forces. ENGOs are playing a key role in crafting new political conditions for protected area conservation, where their role in neoliberal governance is not just service delivery, but statecraft and agenda setting. ENGOs are increasingly casting protected area conservation as apolitical, and thereby a bipartisan activity, driven by a "pragmatic" agenda that seeks to secure private financing for land ownership and management obligations. Frameworks of accountability to donors shape ENGO practices and conceptions of conservation through exposure to novel market mechanisms. As a result, ENGO operation permits limited space for plural, ideological, and structural debate about protected area conservation, the public interest, and the root causes of ecological crises to which it responds. The embrace of conservation led by nongovernment actors marks a substantive shift from the formative politics of ENGOs in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze some contemporary socio-territorial processes in the Aysén region, Chilean Patagonia, with special emphasis on the Exploradores Valley. We estimate that those processes can be interpreted as a form of rural and "green" gentrification. Under this category we want to account for a multiplicity of interdependent processes as the displacement of the local population linked to the increase in land value, an explosion in the real estate supply, new patterns of consumption and socio-territorial practices, as well as the emergence of discourses that would position this region as an enclave for conservation and preservation of nature under the slogan "Reserve of Life". From this framework, the study aims to contribute with a critical reading of depoliticized conservation discourses, highlighting the socio-territorial impacts that these renewed processes of "eco-colonization" bring with them, characteristic of a new geography of capital. Methodologically, we propose a mixed platform based on in field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants, bibliographic analysis and information gathering in the Real Estate Notary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se analizan algunos procesos socioterritoriales contemporáneos en la región de Aysén, Patagonia chilena, con especial énfasis en el Valle Exploradores. Se estima que aquellos procesos pueden ser interpretados como una forma de gentrificación rural y “verde”. Bajo esta categoría se quiere dar cuenta de una multiplicidad de procesos interdependientes tales como el desplazamiento de la población local vinculada al incremento en el valor del suelo, una explosión en la oferta inmobiliaria, nuevos patrones de consumo y prácticas socioterritoriales, así como el surgimiento de discursos que posicionarían a esta región como un enclave de la conservación y preservación de la naturaleza bajo el eslogan “Reserva de Vida”. Desde este marco, el trabajo pretende contribuir con una lectura crítica a los discursos despolitizados de conservación resaltando los impactos socioterritoriales que traen consigo estos renovados procesos de “eco-colonización”, característicos de una nueva geografía del capital. Metodológicamente, se propone una plataforma mixta basada en observaciones realizadas en terreno, entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, análisis bibliográfico y levantamiento de información en el Conservador de Bienes Raíces.

Los ecosistemas y paisajes desérticos durante los procesos de urbanización, son propicios a ser explotados por ser considerados tierras áridas e infructíferas, resultando en su degradación. Para analizar estos problemas y plantear soluciones se utilizan los principios de la Ecología de Paisaje (EP), que permiten entender al territorio desde una perspectiva geográfica e integral. Estos principios permiten analizar el paisaje y determinar su estado de conservación y vulnerabilidad, así como prevenir que los asentamientos humanos se emplacen en zonas de riesgo. La metodología se aplica en San Felipe, México, localizado en el desierto de Sonora. Se realizó el análisis de Idoneidad Intrínseca del medio biofísico a través de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Teniendo como resultado que las sierras son las zonas más aptas de conservación y con mayor grado de vulnerabilidad. Donde convergen los factores más representativos del medio biofísico y, son las zonas más frágiles por sus materiales y la presencia de fallas geológicas. Determinando que el uso de la EP como base de la planeación es recomendable, debido a que identifica y analiza los componentes y los fenómenos que causan las interrelaciones en el paisaje.

The objective of this text is to identify the contributions of suppliers of the Ahimsa Agroecological Fair Trade Market (AAFTM) in Toluca, Mexico, for the scalability of food sovereignty (FS) based on intangible issues and agroecological and fair-trade practices. For this, a Methodology was used with a qualitative approach was used through a semi-structured interview with eight AAFTM suppliers during the months of November 2021 to March 2022. Among the results is that the FS has expansion potential in the integration of intangible issues with agroecological and fair-trade practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy of protecting 30% of the planet's surface in protected areas (PAs) has gained global consensus within the framework of the Convention on Biological Biodiversity, with the expectation of safeguarding biodiversity while simultaneously addressing traditional problems such as wealth distribution. What measures and models would enable the achievement of this goal, and up to what limit? To find answers, this article explores various opinions gathered through literature searches, interviews, and field visits, while presenting some cases as examples of complexities, contradictions, and challenges. Drawing from these sources, proposals, models, opportunities, and potential scopes were identified. It is concluded that protecting biodiversity and simultaneously achieving social improvements is a desirable goal, albeit not easily attainable by any means. Protected areas offer powerful opportunities to enhance human life, but only if they are managed within their territorial integration matrix, taking into account delicate balances, nuanced multivariable models, and clear adaptive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pérdida de espacios verdes en las ciudades tiene repercusiones no solo en el paisaje, sino también en los ecosistemas y en la salud de las personas que las habitan. Ante esto, la recuperación de zonas afectadas por la acción humana se ha convertido en una tarea para las municipalidades y las comunidades, quienes buscan alternativas como los parques naturales urbanos, los cuales contribu-yen a mejorar el entorno. En el cantón de Puriscal, un municipio de Costa Rica, se trabaja en la creación de un futuro Parque Natural Urbano Bosque de la Esperanza, que corresponde a un espacio de uso público con fines de recreación y restauración ecológica. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de plan maestro que contará con zonificación e insumos con el fin de elaborar un plan de manejo para el parque natural urbano “Bosque de la Esperanza” (PNUBE) en Santiago de Puriscal. Las técnicas de investigación consistieron en una revisión documental de la historia, la realización de cuestionarios cerrados y en la consulta de un panel de personas expertas muestreado por técnica Delphi. Se obtuvieron definiciones para guiar la conservación, la alfabetización ambiental y recreación específicamente en el parque, así como consideraciones de instalaciones y programas a realizar. Se concluyó con la importancia de espacios verdes que incluyan la salud mental y la conservación en un espacio, también, planificar los espacios urbanos según las necesidades de las personas.

Copyright of Verba Iuris is the property of Universidad Libre Bogota, Centre de Investigaciones Socio Juridicas de la Facultad de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Gruta da Lancinha has been receiving visitors in an unorganized manner for over 150 years, causing a series of environmental impacts that threaten this sensitive ecosystem. This work aimed to characterize the caverns' visitors, investigating their origin, motivation, previous experiences, and the way in which their visitation has taken place. An online and physical qualitative survey was applied by adapting "summit books", which are commonly used in mountaineering. Furthermore, the main environmental impacts caused by human visitation were registered and spatialized in GIS, revealing the relationship between both. Lastly, the lack of governmental support for the management of this important natural cavern was discussed, highlighting the urgent need for an environmental management plan for the Gruta da Lancinha Natural Monument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reassuming Abram de Swaan's and Norbert Elias' contributions, the article observes that the interdependencies between nature and (dis)civilizing processes are essential for a processual focus on Protected Natural Areas (PNA). It describes common features of PNA and their relationships with various management models, taking examples from Mexico and Argentina. It proposes a bibliographical review of background studies, official documents, and ethnographic works in Mexico and Argentina as a framework for future comparative analyses of PNA. It concludes with a summary of the key components that PNA have in common as well as the potential applications of the "compartmentalization" concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El desarrollo de cualquier comunidad humana, en cualquier país o región, generalmente entra en contradicción con la conservación de la naturaleza, lo que trae consigo pérdida de la biodiversidad y de los bienes y servicios que esta nos presta. Luego de la Revolución Industrial en el siglo xviii, el hombre ha ocasionado un impacto global significativo en el clima y los ecosistemas de la tierra. Por ello, cada vez más, resultan imprescindibles políticas y herramientas para lograr equilibrar ambas acciones: el desarrollo y laconservación.

Copyright of RHS: Revista Humanismo y Sociedad is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Remington and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigium IRE: Ciencias Sociales y Humanas is the property of Editorial Institucion Universitaria Centros de Estudios Superiores Maria Goretti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Addressing soil ecosystem functions and the intrinsic value of soil biodiversity would allow conservation policies, including establishment of new protected areas, to put more emphasis on conservation of soil biodiversity and soil ecosystem functioning. We extended assessments of conservation effects on soil biodiversity (e.g., Ciobanu et al., 2019; Le Provost et al., 2021) to include effects on soil ecosystem functions directly connected to soil biodiversity and key ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Keywords: belowground; Europe; Germany; nature conservation; protected areas; soil biodiversity; soil ecosystem functioning; soil policy; Alemania; áreas protegidas; biodiversidad del suelo; conservación de la naturaleza; Europa; funcionamiento ambiental del suelo; política del suelo; subterráneo; > ; ; ; ; ; ; ; EN belowground Europe Germany nature conservation protected areas soil biodiversity soil ecosystem functioning soil policy Alemania áreas protegidas biodiversidad del suelo conservación de la naturaleza Europa funcionamiento ambiental del suelo política del suelo subterráneo > 1 12 12 10/04/22 20221001 NES 221001 INTRODUCTION Biodiversity plays an important role in nature's contributions to people (Cardinale et al., 2012; Bardgett & van der Putten, 2014; Díaz et al., 2018). The overall low occurrence and co-occurrence of soil-related terms demonstrates the lack of common soil concepts and their communication, leading to the neglect of well-known links between soil biodiversity and ecosystem services or between soils and management practices, among others. [Extracted from the article]

Los temas ambientales fueron una preocupación menor para el régimen franquista, con una salvedad, al menos a nivel retórico: la protección de la naturaleza. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la conservación de la naturaleza y su imagen pública, teniendo en cuenta el papel que jugó la divulgación, en el caso del Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes y Estany de Sant Maurici (creado en 1955), y sacando a la luz también las tensiones existentes entre estas cuestiones y las circunstancias socioeconómicas de la población local del momento. Para ello, se han analizado fuentes de diversa índole y dirigidas tanto a un público general como a un público específico: legislación, obras que hablan del parque nacional, relatos de viajes a esa zona del Pirineo catalán, textos sobre conservación de la naturaleza y sobre parques nacionales, prensa, publicaciones periódicas de colectivos, grabaciones del NO-DO y documentos de archivo del Centro de Documentación del parque. A partir de las fuentes examinadas, se identifican distintos discursos y visiones acerca de la naturaleza y su conservación en distintos actores sociales.

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research addresses the challenge of methodological approaches to objects of complex studies. Among these objects, we highlight the management and negotiation of socio-environmental conflicts by peaceful means, and dialogue as a condition sine qua non for its realization. The works analyzed here with a new light were developed using the Action Research Methodology (Thiollent, 1985), with Rapid Participatory Diagnostic techniques, such as the Spoken Map and the Focus Group. Based on this perspective, the research question was: What are the challenges and advances observed in the dialogue between stakeholders with differentiated knowledge towards the construction of a Culture of Peace? The results have shown three points that can be related to each other, in item 1, the trickeries that involve local populations in the context of environmental licensing processes, have similarities with the mishaps they face in other contexts, such as with other populations regarding the creation and implementation of protected areas in the territories that originally inhabited. Item 2, deals with the challenges and advances involved in the creation and maintenance of the UC Councils which implies that the realization of the planned social participation of the local communities concerned. Item 3 addresses the challenges of the communication among stakeholders which have differentiated knowledge, focusing on the logic of UC administrators and the logic of local residents. In conclusion, despite the intention and advances in the dialogue, the difficulty of establishing a dialogical relationship between stakeholders with different forms of knowledge remains a constant challenge.

Copyright of Pegada is the property of Pegada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biodiversity offsetting is an increasingly applied tool aiming to compensate for environmental damage caused by exploitation projects. Critics, however, raise concerns over the purported effectiveness of offsetting and question the ethical underpinnings and implications of offsetting. These ethical dimensions have largely been overlooked in research, which may lead to offsetting systems that fail to respect the values intended to be safeguarded. To address these dimensions, 5 ethical objections in the scientific literature were identified: offsetting violates nature's intrinsic value; losses of nature cannot be compensated for by human interventions; too little is known to make adequate trades; offsetting impedes virtuous dispositions toward nature; and offsetting has negative justice implications. We examined these objections and arguments against them based on the ethical concepts of intrinsic and instrumental values, anthropocentrism, nonanthropocentrism, and deontological, consequentialist, and virtue‐ethical paradigms. Both nonanthropocentric and anthropocentric concerns were expressed in deontological, consequential, and virtue‐ethical framings. Objections mostly had a deontological or virtue‐ethical basis, whereas counterarguments were based on consequential reasoning, but common ground in practice is often conceivable. Based on our findings, we formulated 10 recommendations for policy makers and 5 questions for practitioners to consider. We propose, for example, that policy makers clarify aims, legislate on no‐go areas, and govern the use of multipliers. We suggest that practitioners consider, for instance, how to improve case‐specific knowledge and promote learning and stakeholder engagement. We hope these recommendations and questions will encourage further discussion of the ethics of biodiversity offsets and ultimately strengthen the respect for biodiversity and human‐welfare values at stake in offsetting projects. Article impact statement: Five ethical objections should be considered in the design and implementation of biodiversity offsetting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En el año 2015, organizaciones vecinales y ambientales de la localidad de Ciudad Evita lograron la declaración municipal de la Reserva Natural Ciudad Evita, con el fin de conservar humedales y patrimonio histórico del tejido urbano. Desde entonces, sin embargo, no se han tomado medidas concretas para tornar efectiva su protección, y el predio ha atravesado crecientes tensiones territoriales por acceso a la vivienda. Este artículo analiza la experiencia de la Reserva Natural Ciudad Evita como un caso ilustrativo de conservación de ecosistemas naturales en contextos de expansión urbana ligados a la crisis habitacional. Se establecen algunas consideraciones en clave de derecho a la ciudad, apuntando a poner en debate las contradicciones y conflictos que emergen en torno a la conservación ambiental en espacios metropolitanos, teniendo en cuenta una visión abarcativa que contemple tanto la dimensión socioeconómica, como urbana y ambiental del territorio en que se inscriben.

Las prácticas del habitar que contribuyen a la regeneración de los restos del bosque templado en las comunidades del sur de Chile dependen de una ontología relacional que se nutre de la experiencia cordillerana mapuche. La etnografía de la vida cotidiana en los márgenes de la ocupación maderera del siglo XX revela que tales prácticas orquestan las acciones de individuos de distintas especies haciendo posible la diaria subsistencia. Tales prácticas se inspiran en la comprensión de las relaciones entre especies como familias y asociaciones, donde los árboles juegan un papel significativo, tal como se ejemplifica a través de los casos observados en terreno. La ontología relacional, sin embargo, ocurre en el contexto de paisajes híbridos y está fuertemente influida por las circunstancias históricas a las que se enfrentan comunidades que han sido históricamente desposeídas por la industria maderera. Este artículo concluye subrayando la necesidad de integrar los enfoques histórico y vital del materialismo para lograr una mejor comprensión de los procesos ontológicos tales como son experimentados en las periferias del capitalismo. Entretanto, persiste la ausencia de un reconocimiento de la contribución que esas comunidades hacen para la regeneración del bosque nativo.

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos abordar la pregunta por la relación entre los pueblos indígenas y la conservación de la naturaleza, a propósito de la superposición entre el territorio de la comunidad Potae Napocna Navogoh y las tierras del Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo (provincia de Formosa, Argentina). En particular, nuestro objeto es clarificar el vínculo entre el desarrollo de áreas naturales protegidas y la producción de una subjetividad indígena esencialmente diferencial. Para ello, comenzamos por examinar la tensión que se manifiesta al interior de la política seguida por los Estados (nacional y provincial) entre la valorización del capital y aquella conservación. Luego, caracterizamos las maneras en que los pueblos indígenas son producidos por los mencionados Estados en el escenario político provincial. Finalmente, estudiamos el caso del conflicto producto de la mencionada superposición, a partir del análisis de una reunión sostenida en el año 2007 entre los qom y distintos agentes del Estado.

En este artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones acerca de la participación de las mujeres como demandantes y oferentes de los servicios turísticos en áreas protegidas y se destaca la importancia de las mujeres viajeras como un segmento creciente de mercado. Así mismo, se explora la experiencia del viaje femenino y se analizan las motivaciones y la incidencia de esta sobre las desigualdades en el uso del espacio. Considerando que las áreas protegidas son zonas del país donde es frecuente que las comunidades habitantes se encuentren marginadas y en condición de vulnerabilidad, ya sea a causa del conflicto armado o de la escasez de oportunidades, aquí se destaca la importancia del trabajo femenino en el sector ecoturístico y su efecto multiplicador en el bienestar de las comunidades locales. Además, se propone un escenario de fomento al ecoturismo con enfoque de género, soportado en una visión de construcción local, donde el potencial ecoturístico se combine con las habilidades y las fortalezas de todos los actores locales en conjunto. En esta línea, este artículo de reflexión se construyó a partir de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, no experimental y exploratorio, en el que se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la cual se indagó por documentos institucionales e investigaciones dedicadas al estudio de elementos como el manejo de ecoturismo en áreas protegidas y sus implicaciones sociales, económicas y ambientales, así como la participación de las mujeres en el turismo, bien sea como oferentes o como demandantes de los servicios turísticos.

Por su continuidad espacial y su relativa homogeneidad ecológica y biofísica, las ecorregiones son un nivel de organización apropiado para discutir y planificar iniciativas de conservación del ambiente a escala regional y nacional. Las interacciones complejas entre las características ecológicas de las ecorregiones, los cambios socioeconómicos locales y globales, y los cambios en el uso de la tierra ocasionan que las amenazas y la oportunidades para conservar dentro y entre ecorregiones se distribuyan de manera heterogénea. En este artículo realizamos un diagnóstico actualizado de las presiones de conservación asociadas al uso de la tierra en las distintas ecorregiones terrestres de la Argentina. Entendemos por presiones a las actividades antrópicas que modifican el estado de los recursos naturales e impactan sobre su funcionamiento. Luego de identificar las principales presiones por ecorregión realizamos un análisis de agrupamiento para identificar grupos de ecorregiones en función de la similitud de sus presiones. La ganadería comercial y la agricultura estuvieron dentro de las principales presiones asociadas al uso de la tierra en ocho y siete de las ecorregiones terrestres de la Argentina, respectivamente. Otras presiones de incidencia más específicas fueron muy relevantes en algunas ecorregiones, en especial en aquellas con limitantes para las actividades agropecuarias orientadas a los mercados globales. Identificamos cuatro grupos en función de la incidencia de las presiones asociadas al uso de la tierra: 1) Monte, Puna y Altos Andes; 2) Bosques Patagónicos; 3) Selva Paranaense y Selva de las Yungas, y 4) Campos y Malezales, Chaco Húmedo, Chaco Seco, Delta e Islas del Paraná, Espinal, Esteros del Iberá, Estepa Patagónica y Pampa. Este agrupamiento por presiones comunes de ecorregiones distantes en el espacio contribuiría a organizar geográficamente políticas de gestión de los recursos naturales integradas a nivel regional.

Awe is a classic concept with an important place in the history of philosophy, since it is regarded as the beginning of the development of thought, as we know it today. However, until now it has historically received little attention in the field of education, although in recent years it has been the subject of renewed attention for a variety of reasons. These include a growing discomfort with curriculum designs that reflect a frenetic culture with a clear tendency towards activism and instrumentalism. This work explores the concept of awe, considering some current approaches from the philosophy of education, at the same as providing new perspectives, considering the links between awe and wisdom as well as conditions that make awe possible, such as humility, gratitude, contemplation of the environment, and appreciation of the intrinsic value of what is observed. Moreover, it suggests three areas for fostering awe in schools. These include: creating opportunities for contact with truth, beauty, and goodness; promoting a greater immersion in natural environments; and reducing the pace of educational activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the communities in close proximity to the Centro Integralmente Planeado (cip) in Huatulco, the creation of entrepreneurships has been encouraged with the purpose of capitalizing on the benefits that tourism has to offer. Therefore, this study analyzes the types of entrepreneurships promoted by the communities nearby Huatulco cip from August 4 to August 30, 2019. For this purpose, a Participatory Action Research was carried out in tourist journeys in order to determine the different entrepreneurships; thereafter, the owners of said entrepreneurships were interviewed. Two types of entrepreneurships were found: the social entrepreneur and the social entrepreneurship. Both are carried out in a community environment which offers lodging and food services from an ecotourism approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species reintroductions are long-term processes that involve various ecological and social factors. The success of these types of projects depends largely on the relationships between all the stakeholders involved: NGO's, authorities, local communities, among others. Environmental education is a key tool to create links between public or private organizations, and the local communities. In this paper, we present a study case of the environmental education process around the Great Green Macaw reintroduction project in the Ayampe community reserve, Manabí province, Ecuador. The objectives of the environmental education activities are related to the long-term conservation of the Great Green Macaw and to empower the communities and local stakeholders towards a better quality of life based in more responsible attitudes towards the natural environment. We analyze this process from its scope, perspectives, goals, themes and spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation conflicts are gaining importance in contemporary conservation scholarship such that conservation may have entered a conflict hype. We attempted to uncover and deconstruct the normative assumptions behind such studies by raising several questions: what are conservation conflicts, what justifies the attention they receive, do conservation‐conflict studies limit wildlife conservation, is scientific knowledge stacked against wildlife in conservation conflicts, do conservation‐conflict studies adopt a specific view of democracy, can laws be used to force conservation outcomes, why is flexibility needed in managing conservation conflicts, can conservation conflicts be managed by promoting tolerance, and who needs to compromise in conservation conflicts? We suggest that many of the intellectual premises in the field may defang conservation and prevent it from truly addressing the current conservation crisis as it accelerates. By framing conservation conflicts as conflicts between people about wildlife or nature, the field insidiously transfers guilt, whereby human activities are no longer blamed for causing species decline and extinctions but conservation is instead blamed for causing social conflicts. When the focus is on mitigating social conflicts without limiting in any powerful way human activities damaging to nature, conservation‐conflict studies risk keeping conservation within the limits of human activities, instead of keeping human activities within the limits of nature. For conservation to successfully stop the biodiversity crisis, we suggest the alternative goal of recognizing nature's right to existence to maintenance of ecological functions and evolutionary processes. Nature being a rights bearer or legal person would imply its needs must be explicitly taken into account in conflict adjudication. If, even in conservation, nature's interests come second to human interests, it may be no surprise that conservation cannot succeed. Article Impact statement: Conservation‐conflict studies give nature marginal attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Atacameños is the property of Estudios Atacamenos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)