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While urban farms are embedded in communities, little is known about their contributions to communities themselves, with most previous research on urban agriculture being focused on community gardens. Here we review existing literature on urban farms' community contributions and discuss a case study of three farms in Singapore. Using content analysis on 27 interviews with employees and volunteers, we found the farms to empower participants, generate social capital, provide jobs, involve marginalized groups, and promote pro-environmental behaviors. The farms were limited by poor job prospects and lower-than-expected yield. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: Climate change is a defining public health issue of the 21st century. Food systems are drivers of diet‐related disease burden, and account for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Local governments play a crucial role in improving both the healthiness and environmental sustainability of food systems, but the potential for their actions to simultaneously address these two issues is unclear. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Australian local government stakeholders regarding policy actions simultaneously addressing healthy eating and climate change, and the influences on policy adoption. Methods: We conducted 11 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders from four local governments in Victoria, Australia. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. We applied Multiple Streams Theory (MST) 'problem', 'politics and 'policy' domains to explain policy adoption influences at the local government level. Results: Key influences on local government action aligned with MST elements of 'problem' (e.g., local government's existing risk reports as drivers for climate change action), 'policy' (e.g., budgetary constraints) and 'politics' (e.g., local government executive agenda). We found limited evidence of coherent policy action in the areas of community gardens, food procurement and urban land use. Conclusion: Barriers to further action, such as resource constraints and competing priorities, could be overcome by better tailoring policy action areas to community needs, with the help of external partnerships and local government executive support. So What?: This study demonstrates that Victorian local stakeholders believe they are well‐positioned to implement feasible and coherent interventions that address both healthy eating and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding how activities in natural settings, such as gardening, improve health and well‐being is important for designing nature‐based health interventions.Our study focused on a sociodemographic‐diverse group of new gardeners (n = 34) who had participated for one season in the community gardens as part of the Denver Urban Gardens initiative in Denver, CO USA. New gardeners participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews to determine how and why gardening influenced their well‐being. Interview transcripts were analysed iteratively using grounded theory and comparative case study methodologies.Analysis revealed that new gardeners' previous gardening experience, social support systems and overcoming gardening challenges increased gardening engagement and improved outcomes. Within‐garden outcomes that were nearly universally experienced by new gardeners included food production, physical activity in the garden and a 'gardening triad': (1) caretaking, nurturance or love and sense of responsibility for garden plants; (2) feelings of accomplishment, success and pride and (3) connection to nature including appreciation, restoration and wonder.We found that the elements of the 'gardening triad' were meaningful to gardeners and connected to both continued engagement of participants and others in the garden, and social and emotional well‐being outcomes including new and/or strengthened social relationships; purpose and meaning; self‐learning, self‐worth and confidence; joy, immersion, restoration and respite; and management of mental health conditions. Gardening with others, including other gardeners, garden leaders, friends and family, amplified the well‐being effects of the 'gardening triad.'Identification of the 'gardening triad' expands understanding of the salient health‐promoting characteristics of gardening beyond simple exposure to nature, food production and physical activity. It embeds gardeners in relationship with their gardens as active participants eliciting universal emotional processes which, in turn, manifested as improved social and emotional well‐being. Gardening, as an avenue for improving well‐being, should be supported widely. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the number of humans living in cities has grown, interest in the value of community gardens to provide agricultural products has increased. However, neighborhoods with different land cover patterns and socioeconomic characteristics often differ in their ecological attributes, leading to potential differences in biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services (e.g., pollination and pest control). Here we ask, how do impervious surface and socioeconomic features of the urban matrix around community gardens impact arthropod biodiversity and pollination and pest control services? We collected arthropods (insects, arachnids, myriapods, and isopods) across community gardens in Boulder Co., CO, and used experimental jalapeño pepper plants as a sentinel crop to measure herbivory damage and pollination services. We categorized arthropods into functional guilds to see how impervious surface and neighborhood wealth in the urban matrix surrounding a site impacts the abundance of three focal groups – pollinators, herbivorous pests, and predators. We also looked at how bee Hill-Simpson diversity responded to these variables. Through structural equation modeling, we found that fruit size increased as bee biodiversity increased, and bee biodiversity and overall pollinator abundance were negatively related to neighborhood wealth. Additionally, pollinator abundance was lower in gardens surrounded by higher amounts of impervious surfaces. Neighborhood wealth and impervious surfaces were positively correlated with herbivore and predator abundances, but these abundances had no relationship with herbivory damage in our plants. This research shows that reducing the amounts of impervious surface in the urban matrix can help increase bee biodiversity and abundance and improve pollination services in urban community gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of references cited in an article written by Ketra Schmitt, the Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. The references cover a range of topics related to food production, food waste, community gardening, and social implications of technology. The article explores the intersection of technology, society, and food systems, and the references provide additional sources of information for readers interested in conducting further research on these topics. [Extracted from the article]

Intercropping of ornamental flowering plants like Lycoris radiata Herb. and Cuphea hookeriana Walp. with tea trees can enhance the visibility and esthetic appeal of tea gardens. However, there has been limited research of the impact of intercropping ornamental flowering plants with tea trees on the soil in tea gardens. During this study, our objective was to analyze the effects of intercropping systems on tea garden soil by examining the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil samples from tea gardens intercropped with L. radiata and C. hookeriana. We also performed rhizosphere microbial metagenomic sequencing to assess the microbial community structure. The results revealed significant improvements in soil physicochemical indicators, particularly pH. Although intercropping systems had minor impacts on bacterial diversity and abundance, they had more pronounced effects on the community structure of microorganisms at the phylum and genus levels. Furthermore, an analysis of microbial functions using Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) revealed enrichment of carbon and nitrogen cycling pathways in the tea garden soil. Our findings indicated that intercropping practices have the potential to enhance the visual appeal of tea gardens while improving soil fertility and modulating the microbial community structure. These results contribute to our understanding of intercropping strategies and the implications of intercropping for tea tree growth and ecosystem functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban areas can be both detrimental for pollinators or function as suitable habitats, depending on the land-use type, the urban context and the pollinator group in focus. Urban green spaces, including gardens, parks or cemeteries can provide essential resources for a wide range of pollinator groups, like wild bees, hoverflies and beetles. Urban community gardens can be particularly structurally complex and harbour a diverse range of nesting and food resources for pollinators. However, we know little about how garden features may vary with the urban context of gardens and which specific garden features can increase the abundance of pollinators in general and of different pollinator groups. Over two summer seasons, we recorded garden features and pollinators using flower observations in 33 urban community gardens in Munich and Berlin, Germany. We examined how garden features differ amongst urban community gardens from three urbanisation categories, and analysed the effects of garden features such as floral and nesting resources and landscape imperviousness (as indicator of urbanisation) on pollinator abundance, richness and diversity. In more urbanised gardens, flower richness and bare substrate were less prevalent. Flower richness was positively correlated with overall pollinator abundance, richness and diversity as well as with the abundances of all pollinator taxa excluding beetles. Landscape imperviousness was negatively correlated with hoverfly and beetle abundances. Hoverflies also decreased with increasing bare substrate and wasp abundance decreased with increasing deadwood availability. Our findings highlight the important role of flower richness for insect conservation in urban management and show that pollinator taxa react differently to garden features and urbanisation. To support pollinating insects, gardeners can increase flower richness, especially in highly urbanised areas. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prefigurative politics and social movement strategy: The roles of prefiguration in the reproduction, mobilisation and coordination of movements. Rethinking prefiguration: Alternatives, micropolitics and goals in social movements. The concept captures a variety of social experiments which critique the status quo (Cornish et al., [7]) whilst constructing 'alternative or utopian social relations in the present either in parallel with or in the course of, adversarial social movement protest' (L. S. Yates, [41], p. 236). [Extracted from the article]

Responses to epidemics and climate change since ancient times, as well as their interpretations, ar e recurrent in times of crisis. Confronted with what may appear to be a series of global crises - health, environmental, economic and even democratic - the ideas on the virtues of what is local and rural are becoming increasingly important. We propose to put this return to locality ‘in historical perspective’. The first part of the paper presents the major events, in France, and explains the major changes in the agricultural world between the 18th and 19th centuries. The second part highlights the aesthetic, artistic, utopian and literary reactions to the ravages of industrialisation in France and England. The third part deals with the integration of nature in the city since the 18th century, and then the nostalgic aspirations for working the land since the 19th century. Finally, in these times of pandemic, we conclude this study on the current movements of degrowth, ecology and return to the local, in favour of food and collective gardens.

The eastern population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) has dramatically declined in the last few decades, which is largely attributed to a loss of milkweed habitat in agricultural areas. Residential land in metropolitan areas has the potential to provide a significant source of the milkweed needed to support the monarch population. To examine if and how urban milkweed patches can support monarch butterflies, we worked with community scientists in the Chicago metropolitan area to monitor monarch eggs and caterpillars in yards and community gardens. We hypothesized that the largest numbers of eggs (i.e. gardens that were most attractive to monarchs) would be observed in patches that were older, had a high abundance of milkweed, contained more than one species of milkweed including Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) and/or A. incarnata (swamp milkweed), and had a large diversity of nectar plants. All patches were assessed at their peak egg count each year, which ranged from zero to 170 eggs in a given observation. To determine which characteristics were most influential to egg presence, we examined patches where eggs were present or absent during this peak observation. For abundance, we divided these peak observations into whether or not the egg counts were in the top 20% in a given year, excluding patches where eggs were absent, and assessed their patch characteristics. Our results show that patch age and presence of A. syriaca affected whether patches contained eggs or not. We also found that patches with the largest number of eggs observed tended to have A. syriaca, more milkweed plants, and a higher diversity of blooming plant species. The data we collected from community scientists in the Chicago area has enhanced our understanding of how urban gardeners can create effective breeding habitats for monarch butterflies. By planting Asclepias syriaca within its natural range, along with other native milkweed species and a diverse selection of flowering plants, individuals can create gardens that serve as excellent habitats for monarchs and other pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the knowledge and utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) among Maghrebi women residing in Marseille, France, as means to maintain their cultural identity and describe their sourcing strategies in a pan-Mediterranean context. Our qualitative and quantitative analyses of interviews with 24 participants indicate that knowledge of MAPs is primarily transmitted through female lineages. Participants cited 131 species; the most frequently mentioned and utilized MAPs are those with multiple uses. Mint and olive oil have significant cultural symbolism in terms of familial traditions and identity and likely constitute cultural keystone species. Religious and spiritual beliefs are reflected in the therapeutic practices (e.g., averting the evil eye). Maghrebi women acquire plants from shops in Marseille and their country of origin. Foraging locally and community gardens are also a source of MAPs. Quality and authenticity of plants are validated through cultural quality markers (e.g., 'local,' beldi in Arabic) and motivate choice of trusted plant sources. Plants brought directly from North Africa are favoured. Despite the availability of local substitutes, there is minimal replacement of original MAPs due to efficient supply networks and similarities in flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban community gardening is emerging as a form of quiet activism challenging the corporate food system. In urban community gardening, quiet activism subtly challenges the dominant corporate food system. However, research tends to overlook its presence and impact in global South cities, where issues of food insecurity and corporatisation are acute. There is a gap in research on urban community gardening activism, with a focus mainly on global North cities. Global South cities and populations face unique challenges in the corporate food system that require attention and exploration in scholarly literature. We draw on qualitative research conducted with urban community gardeners in Cape Town, South Africa. Through interviews and observations, the study investigates how these gardeners engage in quiet activism to challenge the corporate food system. We find that community gardens are subtle but potent platforms for bolstering local food movements and fostering healthier dietary practices by cultivating and sharing produce. Quiet activism through community gardening offers a nuanced approach to challenging the corporate food system. The study highlights the need to recognise and understand varying levels of activism intensity and their implications for reshaping urban food systems. We underscore the need to discern the distinct embodiments necessitated by different modes of activism. Understanding these different modes of activism is crucial for comprehending their varying impacts on challenging and reshaping the corporate food system. This nuanced approach reveals the transformative potential inherent in community gardening practices. Community gardening in Cape Town exemplifies the transformative potential of understated acts in food activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As places that disrupt "business as usual," community food gardens carry the potential to experientially, critically, and restoratively recenter food systems and interconnected sustainability knowledges. Using interdisciplinary theory and practice-based observation, we zero in on the environmental planning and management space of the university campus to interpret how food gardens may not only materially change the campus landscape at a grassroots level but also act as constitutive forms of positive environmental communication. In doing so, food gardens may help realign the environmental premises of the university. At a time when universities have pressing leadership roles in rethinking the ecocultural, political, and economic dimensions of sustainable transformations of life as a whole, we illustrate how the creation of food gardens on all campuses might meaningfully and relationally reconnect university communities with the land where they work, learn, and teach, and, in the process, experientially promote ecocentric identities and empower change-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

San Fernando Valley spineflower (Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina [S. Watson] Jeps.) (Polygonaceae) is an herbaceous annual plant, endemic to California, and until rediscovered in 1999 had been thought to be extinct for almost seven decades. Historically documented at 10 locations, it currently persists at 2, separated by approximately 27 km. State listed as endangered, a description of its genetic diversity and structure is of conservation interest. After determining a lack of variation in ploidy, we examined genetic variation from samples within both populations: a common garden study for potentially adaptive genetic variation in selected growth and phenological traits and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. Both measures indicated that this highly restricted taxon nevertheless harbors substantial levels of genetic diversity and has significant between- and within-population genetic structure. Combining approaches from population genomics and common garden studies provided more insight into the patterns and basis of genetic diversity than is typical for studies of non-model species. Although local adaptation was not specifically studied (i.e., via reciprocal transplant studies), the differences determined from these two independent lines of evidence indicate that mixing gene pools between populations is not recommended at this time. Further, with significant differences revealed among subpopulations, we caution against mixing genotypes across subpopulations for the most part, and without much more evidence that this would not pose a risk of outbreeding depression. The importance of supporting pollinator health and diversity is highlighted. With genetic diversity—particularly with an annual species—being dynamic, fluctuating with the usual processes and with contributions from the soil seedbank, we recommend periodic resampling to monitor genetic diversity and structure. Climate change is anticipated to contribute to this variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disruption of social and food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic presented a unique set of opportunities and challenges for urban agriculture. Based on 79 in-depth interviews with the managers of community gardens, school gardens, and urban farms in the DC metropolitan area, this study explores the divergent responses of each type of urban agriculture to the social, economic, and personal disruptions that the pandemic wrought using the post-disaster "social recovery" theory. Findings show significant differences in the immediate impacts across types of urban agriculture, with community gardens being the least impacted and urban farms implementing the most variant adaptation strategies. The data also show notable differences within each type of urban agriculture, especially among urban farms. We attribute variant trajectories of their adaptations to pre-disaster conditions, including autonomy over cultivation space, access to resources, and connections with other facets of city life. We conclude by underscoring the importance of recognizing the heterogeneity of urban agriculture in assessing its transformational capacity and potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grow Free, a grassroots social initiative, emerged in South Australia in 2013. Grow Free advocates for the sharing and exchange of free seeds, seedlings, fruits, and vegetables among neighbors. The number of Grow Free participants grew to about 230 throughout South Australia as of 2022. This article explores the agri-social characteristics of Grow Free participants, drawing on 50 postal survey respondents and 17 semi-structured phone interviews. This study finds that diverse non-governmental organizations in addition to residential households are actively participating in the Grow Free network, including community gardens and community centers. Moreover, many household-type Grow Free participants are linked to an array of other grassroots social initiatives including Permaculture South Australia and Trees for Life. The study notes that Grow Free along with other alternative food networks has facilitated collaborative food production and consumption at a local scale. Through grassroots organizational mechanisms, Grow Free participants have been committed to fostering community building and resilience through food sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although research has demonstrated the ecological, public health and food security benefits of community gardens, few studies have considered community gardens in relation to a broader social solidarity economy (SSE), that is, inter-community networks wherein people develop commitments to building just and equitable economic alternatives. In employing a thematic analysis on triangulated data (collected via an interview, participant observation, and a participatory film), the present case study explores how a community gardener from a low-income South African community engages with his community's SSE. We analyse how this community garden fostered solidarity and established alternative micro-economic practices. We also consider the challenges facing community gardens when connecting with the SSE. By way of conclusion, we emphasise the importance of taking a critical, broad-based view of the SSE within research, and how case studies can assist us in understanding the various influences that SSE initiatives can have within and across communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of urbanisation and the associated urban lifestyle have been linked to social isolation and negative mental health impacts. As urbanisation and mobility continue to surge in African cities, urban planners face the challenge of creating inclusive spaces that encourage social interaction among urbanites. This research utilises the conceptual lens of ‘Third places’ to assess the role of urban community gardens in cultivating spaces that mitigate the negative effects of urbanisation within distressed communities in Cape Town, South Africa. A qualitative approach, involving open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews, along with observations, was employed to achieve the research aims. Findings revealed that individuals perceive community gardens as a channel for breaking free from isolation and fostering informal interactions among neighbourhood residents. However, the effectiveness of these gardens is hindered by several factors, such as their location and land tenure insecurity, which impede their ability to bring about meaningful changes within their communities. This research urges scholars to critically reconsider established criteria for third places, advocating for a nuanced understanding that acknowledges the diverse dynamics of community gardening in global South cities, thereby enriching theoretical discourse and informing practical interventions for fostering inclusive and sustainable urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between soil ecology, food systems, and organic waste, highlighting the often overlooked interconnectedness of these factors. It discusses the changes in food production and consumption that have led to the prevalence of processed foods and the associated rise in obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. The article also addresses the environmental implications of modern agriculture, such as soil depletion and reduced biodiversity, as well as the impact of organic waste and greenhouse gas emissions on climate change. Possible solutions are proposed, including sustainable agricultural practices, recycling organic waste through composting and biochar production, and shifting dietary habits towards a greater focus on produce. The importance of accessibility and affordability of nutrient-rich foods is emphasized, along with the potential benefits of community gardens, urban farms, and food forests. The text emphasizes the need for collective efforts to change our approach to food in order to improve our health and the health of the planet. It highlights the importance of viewing food systems as interconnected networks and suggests that healing the soil can lead to better nutritional quality in our food, increased agricultural yields, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The text also mentions the decline in the nutritional quality of foods and the potential benefits of practices such as crop rotation, no-till farming, and biochar application. It discusses the environmental impacts of food waste and the potential benefits of programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and produce prescriptions in improving access to healthy food. Additionally, it mentions the positive effects of community gardens on diet, health, and [Extracted from the article]

AbstractA critical objective of environmental education (EE) is sustained and active care for the natural world. Numerous studies point to the inadequacy of information-centered pedagogies in motivating such ecologically responsive action. The primacy of action in effectively addressing environmental issues calls for conceptions of EE that emphasize the conative and affective domains of the human mind. While recent research studies have recognized the significance of affective approaches in EE, the role of sensory and embodied engagements, which ground such affective encounters, are relatively less understood. Based on a year-long facilitation of a school terrace-garden in a metropolitan city, we outline how situated and embodied interactions can foster an understanding of diverse ecological practices, and thus a different way of being with the natural world. The study indicates that multi-modal sensorimotor experiences, and the possibility of sharing these with others, motivate children to expand their sphere of environmental activities beyond the site of learning. Specifically, students extended their care-based interactions with the garden to their communities and broader ecological issues. These findings indicate that integrative forms of situated and embodied interactions with the living world can provide the generative force to learn, act, care, and live in ways that encourage ecological flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School garden advocates often describe and justify school gardens for the ways that these spaces can improve content knowledge, physical health, and ecological stewardship of K-12 students. Rather than begin with these outcomes in mind, this study explores the meaning of a school garden through Participatory Action Research (PAR) within a low-income neighborhood in a small mid-western U.S. city. Participants included community partners and school staff who led the garden project. Using photovoice, mapping, and interviews, participants shared their perspectives and reflections on the garden. The findings revealed three overarching themes of community, empowerment, and justice, voiced by participants when describing the meaning and hopes they had for the garden. Such themes demonstrated the ways school garden practitioners experienced the depth of possibility in a garden project, far beyond the typical measures and outcomes used to assess school gardens. This research suggests that school garden projects hold meaning and transformative possibilities for schools that are critically important though may often be overlooked. When it comes to sustaining and justifying school garden programs, it is important that districts consider the latent experiences and values that these spaces may bring to students, staff, and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, community gardens (CGs) commonly take the form of communally-operated growing spaces situated on public land administered by local governments (LGs). LGs and their policies are gatekeepers for CGs, and their support can determine garden viability; however, evidence regarding the nature of "support" in this context is limited. This research identified CG policies through the websites of all LGs (n = 207) in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria, Australia and analysed these policies to describe which LGs have a CG policy, the aims of LGs' support, the departments responsible for CGs, and what practical supports LGs provide. Thirty-nine CG policies were analysed. Most commonly, policies existed to provide a standardised framework for how LG would facilitate community groups to establish and manage CGs, and to define the roles and responsibilities of LG and community groups. Departments responsible for CG policy implementation were categorised as Community, Environment and Infrastructure, Planning, and/or Strategic and Corporate. Overall, LGs took a "hands-off" facilitator role, rather than one of an implementation partner. Common supports during application and establishment included LG arranging a licence agreement for leasing the land, assisting with site identification, and helping groups with the application process. During the garden maintenance phase, the most common supports were providing platforms for networking between CGs, providing education and information, assisting groups to apply for grants, and providing in-kind support. Recommendations for LGs, community members, and other levels of government are provided. Key Policy Highlights Currently, the nature of support provided by Australian local governments to community gardens is variable and largely limited to a "facilitator" role. Local government support could be strengthened by producing clear and comprehensive policies, reducing bureaucratic red tape, and institutionalising processes that preserve public land for food production. All levels of government can allocate ongoing funding for edible gardens at community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is little robust quantitative evidence on how community gardens impact on physical activity and other health-related behaviours. This natural experiment study aimed to examine the effects of a community garden within a Chinese neighbourhood on health-related behaviours during the COVID-19 epidemic. The study design was a repeat cross-sectional pre–post study, assessing differences between the non-epidemic period and epidemic period. Camera-based systematic observations were conducted at two locations within a community garden. A total of 180 h of video recordings were collected and coded by two researchers during a "non-epidemic" period when there were no COVID-19 restrictions (120 h) and the "epidemic" when COVID-19 restrictions were implemented (60 h). Observations of these video recordings assessed the total number of users, physical activities (Sedentary, Walking, Vigorous), social interactions (Connect), and people taking notice of the environment (Take Notice), followed by a breakdown of observed gender and age group. Data were analysed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, comparing outcomes during the epidemic period and non-epidemic period. Results showed a significant increase in total number of users during the epidemic, particularly in females, older adults and children. Sedentary and moderate physical activities were significantly higher during the epidemic period. The increase in the total number of users of the community garden during the 2022 epidemic outbreak in Suzhou shows the importance of community gardens as a primary space for outdoor activities. This robust natural experiment study demonstrated that the community garden contributed more to physical activity, such as walking, but less to interactions between people (connecting) or people–place interactions (taking notice of the environment). More natural experiment research on community gardens like this is needed to better understand how the health and well-being benefits of community gardens can be maximized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses a critical gap in extant theorizing of urban transformations by focusing on the political and temporal dimensions of how innovations emerge, develop and become institutionalized into alternative systems of the everyday such as social centres, community gardens or urban commons. Going beyond current approaches, we offer a new understanding of innovations as sociopolitical practices: sets of resourced activities aiming to reshape urban spaces to achieve social and political ends locally. Developing an original theorization of such practices, we identify and differentiate between three sets of activities designed to meet local needs: assembling innovations—identifying and employing a wide variety of local resources within a neighbourhood; extending innovations—broadening the scope of initiatives and making them last; and, institutionalizing innovations, anchoring them in a more formalized structure. Sociopolitical innovations require sustained practices whereby situated agents pragmatically push for change over time. While the ongoing development of systems of the everyday may have limited immediate transformative impact, the reshaping of local resources prefigures an alternative which breaks from, yet is embedded in, everyday urban life. Our theorizing is underpinned by an international qualitative study of neighbourhoods in four European cities: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Copenhagen and Glasgow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low fruit and vegetable consumption is a leading contributor to non-communicable disease risk. However, understanding of barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable intake in rural settings is limited. This study used a mixed methods approach to determine the barriers and facilitators to increasing fruit and vegetable intake in rural Australian adults and to identify if these varied by gender. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data were used from the 2019 Active Living Census, completed by adults living in north-west Victoria, Australia. Data were collected on fruit and vegetable intakes and barriers and facilitators to meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between facilitators, classified using the socio-ecological framework, and meeting recommendations. Machine learning was used to automate content analysis of open ended information on barriers. Results: A total of 13,464 adults were included in the quantitative analysis (51% female; mean age 48 [SE 0.17] years) with 48% and 19% of participants consuming the recommended two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables daily, respectively. Strongest facilitators to fruit consumption were at the individual level: never smoked (OR: 2.12 95% CI: 1.83–2.45) and not drinking alcohol (OR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.31–1.64). Strongest facilitators for vegetable consumption were found at all levels; i.e., individual level: used to smoke (OR: 1.48 95% CI: 1.21–1.80), social-environmental level: living with three or more people (OR: 1.41 95% CI: 1.22–1.63), and physical-environmental level: use community gardens (OR: 1.20 95% CI: 1.07–1.34). Qualitative analyses (fruit n = 5,919; vegetable n = 9,601) showed that barriers to fruit consumption included a preference for other snacks and desire to limit sugar content, whilst lack of time and unachievable guidelines were barriers for vegetables. Barriers and facilitators differed by gender; females experienced barriers due to having a more varied diet while males reported a dislike of the taste. Conclusions: Barriers and facilitators to fruit and vegetable consumption among rural Australian adults were identified across all levels of the socio-ecological framework and varied between fruit and vegetables and by gender. Strategies that address individual, social, and physical-level barriers are required to improve consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botanical gardens are addressing urgent biodiversity issues through plant-based capacities including botanical research and data-sharing, conservation horticulture, ecological restoration, seed banking, and more. The Missouri Botanical Garden initiative BiodiverseCity St. Louis, led by the Garden's sustainability division, adds broad community engagement to this mix. This work includes public and professional education, the demonstration and promotion of ecological landscaping and Green Infrastructure practices, citizen science programs, and coordinating communications for a regional network of partner organizations focused on biodiversity. Diverse activity engages businesses, local governments, elementary and secondary (K-12) schools, colleges, and community groups. Community biodiversity work at the Garden is informed by an institutional core of scientific rigor, provides opportunity for internal collaborations, and aligns with global strategies for plant conservation—to ground impactful local work. Missouri Botanical Garden's experience offers a model for public gardens: leveraging modes of community engagement, in concert with diverse institutional strengths, to address biodiversity needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the more-than-human politics of a community garden in Rotterdam, as an expression of sustainable and resilient city making. Challenging the anthropocentrism underlying most research on the politics of urban sustainability/resilience and urban gardening, the paper proposes a more-than-human assemblage approach to urban gardening politics. I argue that urban gardens can be understood as more-than-human configurations and conceptualised as urban garden assemblages. Such assemblages are processes with different temporalities and types of agencies (insects, plants, soil and fences) and can be analytically understood as more-than-human: (1) relations and performances; (2) power hierarchies/resistances; and (3) ethical co-becomings. Building on participatory ethnography, interviews and (online) documents, the paper then presents an empirical account of the Gandhi-garden, a community garden in Rotterdam, embedded in the global Transition Towns movement. The empirical case shows how mundane acts of pulling weeds and using permacultural planting methods are more-than-human place-making practices. It also highlights how, for example, human–soil, human–seed and human–bee entanglements challenge urban neoliberalism while gardeners experiment with sustainable food and a non-violent economy. The paper illustrates the ethico-political expressions of more-than-human community gardening through solidarity bonds with Palestine via olive trees and non-violence thinking, as well as some human/non-human ambivalences when dealing with dog waste and potentially harvest-stealing birds. Finally, the paper presents some reflections and contributions regarding scholarship in the fields of urban gardening, and sustainable/resilient city making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban community gardens, once seen as a counter to neoliberal subjectivity, are now perceived as inadvertently reinforcing neoliberal dominance, challenging the progressive goals of urban gardening. This study investigates how the state shapes urban community gardens in alignment with neoliberal principles, potentially diluting their intended advantages. By analysing policies and interviewing state actors supporting urban gardening initiatives and activists, I argue that the state actively cultivates neoliberal subjectivities in these contexts. Unfortunately, state policies and projects often fail to address the root causes of food and nutrition insecurity in urban areas. This neoliberalisation of urban community gardening diminishes their potential to act as tools for advancing food justice in historically disadvantaged communities in Cape Town. Nevertheless, there is hope in the agency of gardeners who are not passive participants in this process. I conclude that relying on the state to implement projects for a more equitable food system may not be a dependable strategy. Instead, urban gardeners must carefully select their allies to effectively pursue their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary literature on urban agriculture often analyses urban community gardens as 'existing' commons with the capacity to counter neoliberal urban development and resource management practices. However, the existing literature on 'political gardening' generally focuses on cities in North America and Europe, despite the prevalence of urban community gardens and neoliberal planning across other regions, including Southern cities. This paper examines urban community gardens in Cape Town, South Africa to assess their capacity to function as urban commons in six areas: infrastructure, inputs, land, produce, labour and immaterial components. This mixed‐methods study employed questionnaires, semi‐structured interviews and observations across 34 urban community gardens in the city. The findings and analysis demonstrate how the urban community gardens counter neoliberal privatisation and individualisation processes. However, their capacity to function as urban commons is significantly curtailed by an entrenchment within the neoliberal context. Thus, the urban community gardens are framed as 'experimental' commons, a valuable re‐conceptualisation of alternative resource utilisation in neoliberal Southern cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Extreme weather events, increased intensity of droughts and floods, and changes to growing seasons are results of climate change that impact horticulture, agriculture, and food systems. In the United States, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina experience similar impacts caused by climate change such as rising sea levels and extreme heat. In these states, community gardens can be a source of local, fresh foods, especially in areas experiencing food insecurity. The goals of this study were to identify garden coordinators' perceptions of the need for climate change adaptation, perceptions regarding the five perceived attributes of climate change adaptation, and where community garden coordinators stand in the innovation–decision process when it comes to climate change adaptation. The findings show that participants valued relative advantage and low levels of complexity when adopting and implementing climate-smart practices into their gardens. This study found that the community gardens were all implementing some form of climate-smart adaptations even if implementation was not for climate-related reasons. All participants noted that the largest barrier to adopting new practices was a lack of extra money. The findings from this study should be used to inform environmental education and communication strategies that encourage adoption of climate-smart practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The City Impact Center (CIC) Development Plan was funded by a non-profit organization serving the needy in the shadow of some of the most affluent resorts on the Las Vegas Strip. The neighborhoods that surround the CIC were once filled with upscale homes, shopping, and restaurants. As the neighborhood declined in the 1990s, a church that operated on the grounds eventually formed the CIC to serve the less fortunate. Having served the community for close to a decade, the center is taking stock of its accomplishments, considering its needs, and planning for the future. The Development Plan--a small portion of which is presented here--was a critical component in developing a strategic vision to focus CIC's efforts and increase their effectiveness. The CIC campus sits on several irregularly shaped lots totaling 6.5 acres. The site is adjacent to the newly renovated Baker Park and less than a quarter mile from the Las Vegas Strip. The City Impact Center currently houses more than fifteen services that assist the surrounding community, including a charter school, after-school programs, adult education programs, counseling, a community garden, food bank, free health/dental clinic, and affordable elderly housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 90 percent of Floridians live in urban areas. Many city dwellers are disconnected from or have limited exposure to the natural world. Urban green spaces, among them urban gardens, can provide various benefits to people and wildlife. These urban gardens provide important avenues for people to maintain their mental and physical health, reduce stress, and improve their general well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of urban green spaces. Community efforts to grapple with the evolving pandemic present an opportunity to reconsider the benefits of urban gardens This publication is intended to assist Extension agents, gardeners, garden managers, and urban planners interested in adding new gardens and supporting and promoting existing gardens in Florida’s urban communities. To that end, it lists and explains 10 major benefits urban gardens provide to ecosystems and people.

This study examined the social and economic feasibility of urban farming in Bandung, Indonesia, from the viewpoint of the actors. Observations, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with key informants including urban farmers, urban farming community leaders, traders, and government representatives in Bandung were used to collect data. According to the remarks of the interviewees, urban farming in Bandung is not economically motivated because the practices are not economically profitable for the actors. Rather, social factors, such as social collectivity and personal aspirations have propelled some of the urban farming movement’s continuity in Bandung. This paper concludes that the city government has to start taking social motives into account when designing future urban farming programs rather than only highlighting its profitability, which can lead to future disappointments. This suggestion can contribute to the betterment of future urban farming activities in Bandung and cities with similar characteristics around the world.