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Azo dyes have been widely used for decades as coloring agents in the textile industry. These textile industries discharge their noxious substances into the environment without treating their effluent. Scientists have explored different methods to eliminate harmful dyes such as photocatalysis. In this study, a zinc selenide (ZnSe) nanostructure and its nanocomposite with reduced graphene oxide as ZnSe/rGO were produced using a straightforward hydrothermal technique. The powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy, and other fundamental techniques were employed to measure the crystallinity, surface functionalities, and morphology of the ZnSe/rGO nanophotocatalyst. The optical band gap of the fabricated materials was determined with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at the range of 200–800 nm. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnSe/rGO was 94.96% much higher than ZnSe (79.86%) and rGO (88.59%). The carrier's was is examined in terms of its role in facilitating photo-degradation by facilitating the passage of photo-induced charges (electrons and holes) across the complex network of composite materials. The reactive species responsible for the degradation of rhodamine B have been interpreted. This study has the potential to reveal an innovative approach to understanding the effect of a larger interfacial area on the degradation of dyes, while this material can also be employed to purify other water-related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brilliant green, also known as ethanaminium, is a triarylmethane dye derivative that has been employed as a coloring agent in the textile industry. A sizable volume of vivid green dye was made in a lab while the physio-chemical properties were investigated. This study looked at how to extract the brilliant green dye from the aqueous reagent using the coagulation-flocculation method to provide the desired features. Used as a flocculant and coagulant, respectively, polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) solution and hydrochloric acid (HCl) employed to alter the pH during the treatment process. Different pH values and coagulant and flocculant dosages used in a series of jar tests. The supernatant aqueous effluent determined by numerous experimental studies termed turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, and suspended solids (SS) after every experimental analysis and after the practical investigation. The effectiveness of the treatment ranged from a turbidity reduction of 40%-98% to the elimination of 15%-99.2% of COD and a range of 20%-97.3% of suspended particles. In order to optimize removal efficiency, the optimal parameters for the entire quadratic model found using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). By using SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses, the surface morphology of the sludge characterized. The treatment of brilliant green dye in aqueous solution identified as the successful solution by this coagulation-flocculation procedure using jar test equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The textile industry is one of the biggest water consumption production areas and its waste is essential to cause ecological contamination as they deliver questionable color, weighty metal, and degradable natural and inorganic results whenever arranged without treatment. The natural treatment strategy is not broadly drilled because of its intricate method. In the adsorption method, for example, actuated carbon was limited by prudence of its significant expense and low adsorption limit. This study has completed the combination and portrayal of bagasse cellulose-based hydrogel for the expulsion of methylene blue color from textile industry wastewater. The study furnishes a major critical contributing option for biodegradable adsorption material by supplanting the conventional color evacuation method with a nonconventional one that showsthe attainability of horticultural waste for a union of the hydrogel as opposed to noninexhaustible petrochemical based and show the capability of involving hydrogel for the expulsion of harmful contamination from the textile industry. The hydrogel was combined utilizing free extreme polymerization that can utilize acrylic corrosive (AA) and citrus extract as cross-connecting specialists and monomers individually. FTIR, XRD, and conduct metric titration are the primary hardware utilized for the portrayal of the hydrogel. The cycle boundaries that can influence the color evacuation proficiency of hydrogel, for example, pH, contact time, and temperature have been examined. A focal composite plan by rotatable component is the technique used to browse reaction surface strategies to control the tests with the communication of cycle boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cochineal is employed in the field of cosmetics, food, textile, and flavors. The use of cochineal in textile goes back an ancient times in Mexico. These dyes have been used in different natural fibers. After the first quarter of the sixteenth century, cochineal was brought from Mexico to Europe and Asia. Since this date, it has been used very quickly and widely in Europe and Asia. The dye is used as a natural dye all over the world nowadays. Today, the dye is usually dyed with traditional methods. Cochineal is an important natural dye resource for red colors. The use of cochineal has come to importance in the textile industry for the red color in recent years. Cochineal has not been used as an economical, sustainable, and mass production in the textile industry up to now. This study has provided economical, sustainable, and industrial-scale production in the cotton textile industries. Cochineal dyeing recipes were created on industrial-scale samples by the jet dyeing machines. Color change, washing, rubbing fastness 4–5, and lightfastness found 4–5. The optimum conditions were determined for dyeing by the jet dyeing machine. According to the optimum dyeing recipe, cotton fabric was dyed with cochineal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Producing a wide scope of weave colors is challenging in modern Jacquard weaving with limited weft color variety. The subtractive primary color yarns (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) are used to replicate varied Jacquard designs, but there is potential to improve the color reproduction quality by expanding a feasible weave color scope. Therefore, this research examined weave colors that are created by combining two sets of primary colors from different color systems. In color printing, six color pigments (i.e., cyan [C], magenta [M], yellow [Y], red [R], green [G] and blue [B]) are popularly used as primary colors for color reproduction. Therefore, weft yarn colors are selected in line with the six colors and a feasible weave color scope is inspected. The group of yarns is paired, and 225 weave color samples are produced to examine the color effects. The weave color samples are measured by a spectrophotometer and described by the CIELAB color space. The results show that the CIELAB color space was expanded by adding [R], [G] and [B] colored yarns. The hue and chroma ranges of the fabric samples were expanded compared with the fabrics produced by only [C], [M] and [Y] yarn colors. In this research, the possibilities in color reproduction are explored and the findings suggest great potential in producing a wide scope of weave colors by using primary yarn colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A KCN-KE model combining K-means color network and Kansei Engineering was constructed to solve the problem of poor coupling between color gene and user's perceptual demand in the study of Miao embroidery clothing color in Southeast Guizhou. Firstly, the original image set was selected and grouped by Delphi method. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to extract color and calculate the correlation between color weights, so as to construct the color network model of Miao embroidery clothing in Southeast Guizhou. On this basis, the color perceptual image survey samples of Miao embroidery clothing in Southeast Guizhou were constructed, and the perceptual image vocabulary was used to investigate the perceptual image. By mapping RGB color space to HSL color space, the coding of color elements was clarified, and the simultaneous equation between perceptual image vocabulary and color elements of Miao embroidery clothing in Southeast Guizhou was established by using multiple linear regression analysis to construct the KCN-KE model. The effectiveness of the KCN-KE model was verified by case design. The results show that the recognition accuracy of perceptual words is above 94%, and the average recognition rate is 95.78%. The KCN-KE model can provide a theoretical reference for the quantitative analysis of Miao embroidery clothing color in Southeast Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) is a known adjuvant, which has been used as a mordant in textile industry for color fixation. This material has potential to be incorporated into dentistry for color stability, yet its toxicity first needs to be evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) on fibroblasts when applied onto feldspathic ceramic before and after thermocycling. Forty-eight feldspathic ceramic specimens were divided into four groups (FC: no alum application or thermocycling; FCT: thermocycling without alum application; FA: alum application without thermocycling; FAT: alum application and thermocycling) (n = 12). Cell viability was assessed by using a tetrazolium salt 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphnyltetrazolium bromide assay at 24 and 72 h, and cell cultures without any ceramic specimens served as control (C). One sample from each material group was further analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Cell viability at different time intervals within each group was analyzed with Friedman tests, while Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare the test groups within each time interval. Pairwise comparisons were further resolved by using Wilcoxon tests (a = 0.05). C had lower (p = 0.01) and FA had higher (p = 0.019) cell viability after 72 h. After 24 h, the highest cell viability was observed in C (p ≤ 0.036). After 72 h, the differences between C and FA, C and FAT, FC and FA, and FCT and FAT were nonsignificant (p > 0.05). Cell viability was not affected by alum application or thermocycling at any time interval (p ≥ 0.631). EDX analysis showed an increase in potassium concentration in FA and FAT when compared with FC and FCT. Regardless of the time interval, alum application onto feldspathic ceramic and thermocycling did not influence the cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effluent from the textile industry is a major source of water pollution. Textile effluents contain a high amount of color, turbidity, BOD, and COD, which are highly toxic and affect aquatic organisms as well as human beings. Physical and chemical treatments of these effluents are difficult and costly. Adsorption is an effective method to treat textile industry effluent. In the present study, chitosan is selected as an adsorbent, derived from the exoskeleton of marine crustaceans like shrimp and crab by chemical processing. The color was removed using chitosan from shrimp and crab shells separately. On the sixth day of treatment, shrimp shell chitosan removed 100% of color from textile industry effluent and proved to be a better adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rundbrief Fotografie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wool Textile Journal is the property of National Wool Textile Science & Technology Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to master the color matching requirements of female consumers for upper and lower garments, and design the color matching of upper and lower garments that meets the aesthetic needs of consumers, 21 types of women's clothing with different color matching were analyzed by using Kansei Engineering technology. The psychology of female consumers was investigated by online questionnaire by scoring 14 pairs of emotional adjectives, the female consumers' perceptual evaluation of 21 sets of color matching clothing was obtained. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data of questionnaire. The results show that women's perceptual evaluation of 21 sets of clothes with different color matching can be divided into four factors: aura field, personality, sense of formality and harmony. According to the subjective impression produced by different color matching of upper and lower garments, female consumers can more easily choose the color matching of upper and lower garments for different occasions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the development difficulty of yak woven fabric, the key technology of yak overcoat with primary color was introduced. Based on the research on the process of spinning, knitting and finishing, great breakthrough was made in the product style, while the characteristics of the fiber was ensured. It is found that the primary color of yak overcoat product has the characteristics of no dyeing, energy saving and environmentally friendly, and the yak cashmere fiber's moisture absorption, warmth, flexibility and comfort are fully utilized. The final product feels smooth, waxy, natural in color, and unique in style. It lays a good foundation for the promotion of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research work, a new time-invariant nonlinear mathematical model in fractional (non-integer) order settings has been proposed under three most frequently employed strategies of the classical Caputo, the Caputo–Fabrizio, and the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo with the fractional parameter χ , where 0 < χ ≤ 1. The model consists of a nonlinear autonomous transport equation used to study the adsorption process in order to get rid of the synthetic dyeing substances from the wastewater effluents. Such substances are used at large scale by various industries to color their products with the textile and chemical industries being at the top. The non-integer-order model suggested in the present study depicts the past behavior of the concentration of the solution on the basis of having information of the initial concentration present in the dye. Being nonlinear, it carries the possibility to have no exact solution. However, the Lipchitz condition shows the existence and uniqueness of the underlying model's solution in non-integer-order settings. From a numerical simulation viewpoint, three numerical techniques having first order convergence have been employed to illustrate the numerical results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Machine Learning-based RSM-optimized red mud for reactive dye adsorption. • Insights from first-principles multi-component kinetics modelling. • Tuned dosage, pH, salt effect; Assessed dye removal thermodynamics and isotherms. • Activated red mud, regenerated by DMF, for three efficient reuses. • Results aid in designing the large-scale adsorption of dye effluent. Reactive dyes, widely applied in the textile industry for their vibrant colors, excellent fastness, and ease of application. Their presence poses multifaceted threats to aquatic ecosystems and health risks, including skin irritation, allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and increased cancer risk. In response to these challenges, this study explores the potential of acid-activated red mud, an industrial solid waste by-product from the aluminum industry, as an economical adsorbent for the removal of commercial reactive dyes from industrial wastewater. The robustness of the employed Box-Behnken design is evidenced by the high determination coefficient (0.997) and correlation coefficient (0.994) values. The optimum acid activation condition was determined to be 385 K activation temperature, 91 min activation time, and 2.5 N HCl acid concentration, resulting in a 99.24 ± 0.04 % removal efficiency for reactive dyes. Analysis of X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Fluorescence data revealed that the activation process significantly increased the composition of Al and Fe compounds. This enhancement was achieved by eliminating compounds that block active sites and improves the overall surface area from 37.35 m2/g to 173.81 m2/g. Detailed morphological analysis, conducted through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, reveals profound transformation in the surface structure. The study primarily focuses on removing four commercial reactive dyes: Reactive Blue 2 (RBL-2), Reactive Black 5 (RBK-5), Reactive Red 24 (RR-24), and Reactive Yellow 15 (RY-15). These dyes demonstrate maximum adsorption capacities of 118.24 mg/g, 121.02 mg/g, 129.19 mg/g, and 142.64 mg/g, respectively. In order to comprehend the interactions between dye molecules and the adsorbent, a first principle based model was employed to simulate the adsorption kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dyes, which are highly toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic for living organisms, are used as coloring chemicals in textile industries. Physicochemical methods used for removing azo dyes are expensive, can generate secondary waste, and are not very efficient. In this study, we used a biological approach to reduce the toxicity of three azo dyes, i.e., congo red, methyl orange, and reactive red 198, from textile effluents. Six dye-decolorizing bacteria were screened from waste water obtained from the textile industry (in the dyeing process) at a concentration 100 mg/l for each azo dye. Using a 16S rRNA approach, the bacteria were identified and assigned as Enterococcus faecalis VTK04, Staphylococcus aureus VTK013, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VTK018, Proteus mirabilis VTK024, Bacillus cereus VTK035, and Enterococcus faecium VTK054. These bacteria were tested for their ability to produce biofilms on the abiotic surface. The adherence assay showed that VTK013, VTK054, and VTK024 had a potential to form stable biofilms on abiotic surfaces (OD570 = 1.37). Moreover, the dye decolorization potential was spectrophotometrically measured after seven days with and without a carbon substrate. The results demonstrated that the absence of the carbon source had a negative impact on decolorization, whereas a carbon-supplemented medium showed a considerable increase in the decolorization of congo red (80% and 96% by VTK013 and VTK018, respectively), methyl orange (100% and 75% by VTK054 and VTK035, respectively), and reactive red 198 (90% and 86% by VTK04 and VTK024, respectively). The phytotoxicity study of the treated dye solutions showed lesser toxicity compared to the untreated dye solution. These results support the possibility of using bacterial isolates for the biodegradation of azo dye effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater often contains different complex impurities that are hazardous to the environment and human health, making wastewater treatment a necessity prior to its disposal. This review focuses on cell immobilization in the biological wastewater treatment, in which microorganisms are utilized for the biodegradation and removal of different types of contaminants, depending on the type of contaminat. Cell immobilization provides the ability to successfully limit the mobility of the cells using synthetic or natural polymers, which can then be used as biocatalysts instead of free cells. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of major cells immobilization aspects, starting from the definition of the technology and focusing on a critical and technical analysis of the currently used immobilization techniques including adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment and encapsulation. Biological water treatment systems using immobilized cells have the potential to be utilized in the degradation of various types of wastewater contaminants. This resulted in remarkable advances in the immobilization techniques, used materials, and properties of immobilized systems. Cell immobilization techniques are becoming well developed, new techniques are being studied by researchers, and the trend of advances in this area is expected to continue increasing in the coming years. Studies proved that immobilization is an effective and promising technique to enhance biological wastewater treatment processes. Immobilized cells could increase the removal efficiency of water contaminants, particularly nutrients, by more than 60%. In this review, the main factors in the development of immobilized cells are highlighted, starting from the selection of immobilization support and providing a detailed description of the immobilization techniques. The application of cells immobilization for different wastewater treatment processes is illustrated. Different examples of wastewater biotreatment are presented, including refractory organics wastewater, wastewater containing heavy metal ions, nitrogen and phosphorous wastewater as well as the removal of dye and color in textile industry wastewater. The review ends with a brief overview of future perspectives of research on cells immobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco‐friendly dyeing technology with regard to manufactured fibres is receiving considerable attention, while textile coloration requires highly advanced interdisciplinary approaches including textile science, dyeing chemistry, consumer sensibility and cultural aspects. In this study, lyocell fabrics were dyed with the traditional Korean indigo dyestuff, Niram, and their psychological colour sensibility was measured and discussed in relation to the physical colour properties in the context of global culture. A systematic dyeing process was developed to obtain a variety of colours utilising different dyestuff concentrations, reducing agent concentration and construction of fabrics. According to participants’ responses to a questionnaire, all lyocell fabrics dyed with traditional Korean indigo dyestuffs were visually perceived and recognised as ‘cold’, ‘clean’, ‘plain’, ‘elegant’ and ‘exotic’. Psychological colour sensibility showed statistically significant correlation with the concentrations of dye and reducing agent. In the situation where fabrics were dyed under high dye concentration and darker/bluish colour properties, the subjects had an ‘exotic’ and ‘western’ appearance rather than ‘oriental’ and ‘banal’. According to the results of ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests, two dyeing conditions, and dye concentration in particular, had a significant impact on all psychological colour sensibilities except for warm‐cold’. Reducing agent concentration significantly affected ‘warm‐cold’, while ‘vivid‐subdued’ was affected by two‐way interaction effects between dye concentration and reducing agent concentration. Traditional Korean indigo dyestuff concentration and reducing agent concentration can be adjusted appropriately and controlled for efficient vat dye to produce and design diverse combinations of psychological colour sensibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shaded weaves are used in digital jacquard fabrics for expressing rich colors, especially in the design of figured jacquard fabrics. The original image process and shaded weave database (SWD) process are two independent design processes for the production of figured jacquard fabrics. SWD processes are relatively fixed, but original images vary frequently, and color value inconsistencies between the original image and its jacquard fabric are often neglected by researchers. This paper presents the design principles of a SWD based on a sateen basic weave and analyzes the color rendering of seven groups of fabric specimens produced using SWD processes with three transition directions and different step numbers. The color rendering characteristics of the SWD process were mainly determined by the transition direction of the interlacing points, but were also slightly affected by the weave’s step number when horizontal transitions were used. Three photographic images with different tones were selected to design three groups of single-layer figured jacquard fabrics. The results proved that the tone of a woven fabric is determined by the SWD process used, not the original image. A method was proposed to predict the final tone of a woven fabric by adjusting the lightness value of the original image according to the values of the fabric specimens of the SWD process that are used. This study outlines how the digital processing of a figured jacquard fabric design may be achieved using a SWD process based on one of the three design directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical colors used in the textile industry are potentially risky because they are carcinogenesis and mutagenesis to humans. The current study purposed to remove reactive yellow 3 dye from wastewater using the advanced oxidation process of O3 /UV. Tests were performed under optimum conditions (pH = 9, contact time = 40 min, ozone concentration = 0.9 g/h, and an initial concentration of 10 mg/L reactive yellow 3 dye) on real samples. The maximum efficiency rates of removal of reactive yellow 3 dye under optimum conditions for soluble synthetic and real samples of wastewater from the Yazdbaf textile factories using the O3 /UV photo-oxidation process were 96% and 85%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coloration textile in supercritical carbon dioxide with water free has become more and more important and meaningful recently due to its Ecofriendly and environmentally friendly advantages. However, the lacks of special dyes for this waterless coloration technology are limiting its application in industry, especially for the shortage of disperse reactive dyes for natural fibers. Therefore, in this work, three special disperse reactive dyes involving diazo parent structures and reactive groups of dichlorotriazine were successfully synthesized and then applied at the first time for waterless coloration of wool fabric with supercritical carbon dioxide. Moreover, a safer and Ecofriendly method was developed for synthesis of the disperse reactive dyes by diazotizing of the alkalescent arylamine of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline in the presence of a safer and milder acid of hydrochloric acid rather than concentrated sulfuric acid, in an environmentally friendly media of polyethylene glycol 200 mixed with water. The obtained dyes were successfully characterized and confirmed from chemical structure and color characteristics by Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, the application results reveal that good coloration behaviors and characteristics, commercially satisfactory leveling property and color fastness were achieved with the synthesized disperse reactive dyes on wool fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide media. All results indicate that the supposed method is essentially useful for developing special disperse reactive dyes with safe and Ecofriendly characteristics, and the obtained disperse reactive dyes are potentially hopeful for waterless coloration of wool with supercritical carbon dioxide media instead of conventional wet-chemical processes for cleaner production in wool industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research that evaluated the dyeing ability of Mentha rotundifolia (mint), Punica granutum L peel (pomegranate rind), and Terminalia chebula (kadukkai) using colour strength value of dyed textile by spectrophotometer.

In this study it was aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound usage on the colour yield in dyeing angora fibres, and it was found that dyeing in the presence of ultrasound energy increases the dye-uptake of angora fibres, hence higher colour yield values were obtained. According to experimental results, it can be said that at all points the colour yield values were higher in the presence of ultrasound than in its absence. The difference between them was greater for darker shades and for dyeing carried out in an acidic medium (pH 5), and also for moderate dyeing periods (90 min.). Furthermore there is no important difference between washing fastness, alkali solubility and strength values of fibres dyed in the presence and absence of ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction clearing using aqueous sodium dithionite under alkaline conditions at elevated temperatures is commonly carried out as an aftertreatment to remove deposits of disperse dye and other impurity residues from the surface of dyed polyester. In this paper, the effect of conventional reduction clearing on the colour and fastness properties of polyester dyed with a series of selected commercial disperse dyes at a range of depths of shade is established, and an understanding of the scientific principles is developed. The results correlate closely with an assessment of surface dye removal by cold acetone extraction of the dyed samples. Because of certain environmental, technological, and economic disadvantages associated with traditional reduction clearing using sodium dithionite, there is industrial interest in alternatives. Thus, this paper also describes a study of the use of two organic reducing agents, thiourea dioxide and hydroxyacetone, and the relative merits of the three processes are discussed. The outcome of clearing varies with the particular dye. Mechanistic explanations are proposed, based on individual characteristics of the molecular structures of the dyes. Scanning electron microscopic investigations of the surface of dyed samples before and after reduction clearing were qualitatively consistent with the assessments of the technical performance. This paper is the first in a series in which we will subsequently report further comparative studies, based on similar methodology, exploring alternative clearing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]