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The article motivates the need for further study of the theoretical legacy of Alexander Sturdza. Sturdza belonged to the famous Moldovan family. Soon after his birth, the family emigrated to Russia. He received home education: mastered many languages, studied philosophy and history. Sturdza received his higher education at German universities. The formation of his worldview was influenced by Greek Orthodox theologians. In 1809, polyglot Sturdza entered the Foreign Affairs College and was appointed special assignment officer. Then he works as a translator. He acted as secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on diplomatic service and translator in the office of the Danube Army. In 1813, he was the diplomatic factotum of the Russian emperor in Switzerland. In 1815, State Secretary for Foreign Affairs and editor of the Holy Union Act. In January 1816, on behalf of Alexander I, he was appointed a member of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Education, and in 1818 he became one of the key figures in the Main Board of the schools, where he actively advocated for the spread of religious education. Alexander Sturdza, through his diplomatic contribution, has led to significant changes in the geopolitics and modern history of Europe and deserves that his name not be forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article that analyzes the translation strategies from Romanian to Russian phraseological units. Examples have been selected that highlight the essential characteristics of phrases. The difficulty of translating these lexical units is explained by the complex nature of their content and by the often-specific meaning of only a certain culturallinguistic community. The evaluation of the translation was performed by the bilingual comparative method at the textual level. The author of the transfer does not translate word (literally) the phraseological units and obtains the variants. The content does not support changes and the stylistic equivalence of the original is ensured. The meaning of phraseological units is transferred both by a synonymous lex or by an equivalent phraseology, and by a descriptive syntactic structure. The unclear stylistic and semantic imprecision of the reverberated phraseology in the target text results from its ignorance or misunderstanding in the original text and the non-critical reproduction of the lexico-semantic elements of the source texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, in a comparative plan, a peculiar use of the pronominal reprise / repetition (double / duplicate expression of the syntactical functions of direct and indirect objects by brief forms of personal pronouns) is considered, in the Romanian and Spanish languages. The peculiar functional-grammatical characteristics of personal pronouns can be explained by the fact that pronouns combine in one class grammatical features characteristic of the most diverse grammatical and semantic categories of words. Personal places, along with possessive and index, united by a number of common system properties, refer to the deictic means of language and are signs referring to the act of speech in which they are used. Frequent use of the pronominal reprise / repetition of the object of action is characteristic for the grammatical structure of the Romance languages, although not for all in the same degree. In the grammar system of the Romanian and Spanish languages this dual expression is not superfluous, but "obligatory grammatical pleonasm". In Romanian, the full form of personal pronouns in the accusative is always used with the preposition and is impossible without the repetition of the syntactic function of this form by means of a brief object form of the same pronoun in the same case and number, and for the third person pronouns also in the genus. The different (prepositional and non-prepositional) design of a direct object in Romanian and Spanish depends both on the semantics of the units that make up the sentence structure and on the grammatical way of their expression. For certain lexical-semantic categories of words, the prepositional and non-predicative ways of expressing a direct-object relation are equally-probabilistic. In translations from one language to another, the pre-designed direct object in the original text can correspond in translation, a name without a preposition, but necessarily deterministic, identified by a speech situation or context. The preposition, along with other morphological means, is Functional-grammatical characteristics of the name in the position of the direct object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is going to observe the principles of analysis of the verbal-nominal habits of the direct object in Romanian and Spanish languages, a syntactic function of exhibiting the specific peculiarities of the realization of this phenomenon; to find the correlation, the identity and the differentiation in accomplishing this syntactic function in each of the compared languages; to determine the semantic-grammatical and functional-communicative conditioning that determines the prepositional expression and non-prepositional expression of the direct object among the compared languages. The interlingual comparison of materials of relatively broad contexts reveals both a group of identical cases of the direct object realization in both languages, as well as a group of variables. The basic factor influencing the prepositional expression of the direct object is the interconnection of relation between the logical structure of the enunciation as the correlation of the subject and the predicate of the logical reasoning and the grammatical structure of the proposition as the correlation subject - predicate - direct object. The article proposes a new interpretation of the phenomenon bases on the following hypotheses: a) An important factor in the prepositional marking of the direct object is the (co) relation of the logical structure of the statement as the relation between the subject and the logical predicate with the grammatical structure of the sentence as a relation between the Subject -- Predicate -- Direct Object; b) The direct prepositional object in the same context of a language may correspond to a non- prepositional direct object in the system of another language which is always well determined , individualized: thus it becomes clear why certain categories of lexemes are always marked only prepositionally (morphemically) in the function of a direct object; c) it is necessary that the study be realized at the level of a certain minimal syntactic segment (several phrases / sentences, a whole paragraph, a textual superphrastic unit ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue concerning the typology of French Grammars has been always under the attention of specialists in grammar. Today, as earlier, we could notice that there is an attempt to give answers to some specific questions among which the most interesting are: what kind of grammar should be taught in lyceums and universities in such a way that those who study French could be able to explain the realities of the given language; in which manner are you going to help others to communicate easier and more efficiently, to identify plenarily the entities of the extra-linguistic world and to transmit these entities to their interlocutors; how could one contribute to a better rendering of the time spirit within a communicational act. Our scientists Prof. Victor Banaru and Mircea Ionita tried to propose, in their work, some solutions both original and efficient: they proposed a complex approach with a functional character of the syntactic reality conjugated with the semantic dimensions of the French sentence constituents, i.e. a bidimensional functional-semantic approach. Thus, they insist - reasonably and pertinently - on the necessity of completing the theory of syntactic functions by A. Martinet, C. Bureau, Fr. Francois theory of denominative features of words. The syntactic function (being characterized as horizontal) represents the result of combination of the word position and place in the structure of the sentence with its lexical meaning (vertical feature). This approach makes easier the process of combining the shape and content of the constituents of the communicative unity, the linear context and the semantic potential of the elements in the grammatical-communicative structure of the sentences. Accordingly, the students who acquire the French language could get the key to the models of thinking and speaking into this language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the fact that the acquirement of the lexical / terminological minimum, necessary for translation, and the translated text represents the primary objective of the university course of the Latin language and Latin terminology. Even if Latin is an instructive language of general formation, the practical and laboratory works have a particular place in the process of professional training of the future specialist, namely of the translator-interpreter. Taking into consideration the fact that the process of translation is determined by its peculiar elements being one of many types of informational exchange, it could be examined in terms of informational theory. In order to achieve the pre-established objectives in a certain communicational act, the target-text should be thoroughly structured regarding the content and terms used. The connection of the translated text is realized by integrating the external connectivity and internal reflection of the source-text. The targettext should be realized in such a way that the receiver will get entirely the objectives of a concrete communicative act whose situational conditions are not “dissolved” in terms constituents of expression and which don't cause doubts and inaccuracy of the content. Acknowledging the necessity of the appropriate use of the translational techniques and the precise rendering of the minimal unities of meaning (sem, semem, lexeme) and concept (culturem), the student will get a more responsible attitude regarding the acquiring of the mandatory lexical / terminological minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the public polemic of Alexandre Stourdza, who was promoting the idea that the Orthodoxy could fully satisfy the religious requirements of Europe, against Joseph Maistre the author and promoter of the theory of the ecumenical feature of the Catholicism. In this context the author analyses the ways of forming the religious terminology. The given field of terminology is studied through the theory of translation because of the necessity to translate into Romanian the works of Alexandre Stourdza written in French, German, Italian and Russian. Alexandre Stourdza was a Moldavian nobleman, the state counselor of the Russian Emperor Alexander I, the official of the diplomatic corps of the Russian Empire and an excellent promoter and philosopher of the Christian orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article tackles the problem of teaching Latin in gymnasium and lyceum. Unfortunately, the Republic of Moldova is among the countries where Latin language is not an obligatory discipline in the lyceums. The author pays attention to the necessity to improve the activity at the recycling courses for teachers, the quality of teaching Latin at the faculty that could contribute considerably to the formation of the future specialist of foreign languages. The author argues the necessity of the synchronic and diachronic study of Latin, fact that represents an advantage for the theoretical degree of training of the future specialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]