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The main goal of this thesis was to evaluate the development of socio-economic factors depending on the development of land use in the village Chvalšiny. This analysis was carried out over the last thirty years, i.e. from 1991-2021. This time was divided into four periods - 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021. The reason for this division was the availability of data from the Census of Population, Houses and Apartments, which is held every ten years. To determine developmental changes over time, the results of the mentioned Census of Population, Houses and Apartments (socio-economic factors) and archival orthophoto maps (land use) on the ČÚZK geoportal were used, specifically the viewing service WMS - Archival Orthophoto. Individual partial works, connected with the development of final map outputs, took place in the ArcGIS Pro program (a newer version of the ArcMap program). The results of selected socio-economic factors (9) were processed in the form of tables in the Microsoft Excel program. During the practical part, it was found that the municipality of Chvalšiny shows favorable values in the long term in terms of socio-economic indicators, and in the near future it should not face problems that could lead, for example, to the depopulation of the municipality. In terms of land use, there has been a noticeable change when over the years up to 95 % of the original arable land area has been converted to permanent grassland (TTP) and today only 24.6 hectares of arable land can be found in this area. An unambiguous mutual relationship between the development of socio-economic factors and the development of land use, where it would be possible to clearly state that one of the indicators has a clear impact on land use or vice versa, could not be demonstrated in this time period.

The period, when a person starts and completes his or her professional carrier and labour participation, in general, coincides with the age when the self-preservation behaviour develops. It is a time when a person aims for a healthy and safe lifestyle. During this period, an individual assumes the main standards, values of the self-preservation behaviour inherent in an ethnic, social and cultural macro-environment. To research the sociocultural factors of survival, we applied econometric modelling to demographic processes using the discrete and probabilistic indicators of the mortality tables of male and female in economically active age. The econometric model included the elements of spatiotemporal characteristics of territories. These characteristics are interrelated with the indicators of survival probability and the indicator of average life expectancy in the regions of Russia. We choose the major sociocultural factors by the correlation ratio of indicators and their sensitivity. The econometric analysis has revealed a high degree of sensitivity of a territorial variation of demographic and sociocultural factors in the regions of Russia, including a gender aspect. The most significant socio-economic factors, which determine the self-preservation behaviour of males, are the following: 1) the size of Gross Regional Product per capita; 2) quality of health infrastructure; 3) fixed investments; 4) population with monetary income under the subsistence minimum (share coefficient of income differentials). The female have the same hierarchy of socio-economic factors, except for the sensitivity of variables to the regional differentiation of signs. The household poverty factor has little significance for the women and it is the main difference between male and female. The built model has shown the predictive importance in the assessment of the above-mentioned factors in short and medium-term prospects. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations The research has been supported by the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations in the frame of the State order for the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2018.

U radu se donosi neobjavljeni popis stanovništva grada Omiša s predgrađem iz 1799. godine. Raščlanjuje se i prikazuje omiška društvena struktura: od pripadnika plemićkog, građanskog do pučkog staleža – koji su obrađeni kroz sastav, uređenje obitelji i kućanstva, te, ograničeno, njihova demografska obilježja. Pripadnici duhovnog staleža: svećenstvo i redovništvo (dvije ženske redovničke kuće) različito su iskazani – kroz stalešku pripadnost i njihove oblike življenja. Ovim popisom stanovništva doprinosi se zornijoj slici Omiša s predgrađem na kraju 18. stoljeća – u vrijeme Prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji., The article presents hitherto unpublished census of the population of the town of Omiš and its suburb of 1799. Social structure of Omiš is analysed and presented: from members of nobility and bourgeoisie to commoners. The census is analysed in regard to structure and organisation of families and households, and to a limited extent the paper gives insight into demographic characteristics. Members of clergy: secular priests and regular clergy (two female monastic houses) are described in different ways: through belonging to different social orders and according to their ways of living. The census contributes to the more precise picture of Omiš and its suburb at the end of the eighteenth century – in the period of the First Austrian administration in Dalmatia. The census was composed in Italian language for administrative purposes: it was of limited scope, momentary and individual. It is not possible to fully determine its immediate purpose. Based on the listings of resident population, structure of the population regarding belonging to social orders, from communal nobility, bourgeoisie, commoners to members of the clergy, is presented. The census provides exact number of houses, individual families and households created by married couples, widowers or widows, with children or without them. Within such units, the number of members residing together with household heads, both those related to them by kinship or other connections (mostly service). The data are presented in tables and prove that most of the families had character of simple stable family and its household, typical for Dalmatian urban society of the time. Singles (of both genders) are also included in the census, creating their own households. The church of Omiš is also presented, members of clergy to whom belonged secular priests and members of female monastic institutions, but without Franciscan friars existing in Omiš. However, by the analysis of this secular census, made upon the old format different of the “modern” ones characteristical for later periods, has been given only a modest contribution to better understanding of the society of Omiš at the end of the eighteenth century.

The subject matter of the study is the internal migration of the Russian population from 1960 to 2010. The study is based on the information about the spatial population movements, published in the proceedings of the all-Union censuses of 1970, 1979, 1989, and of the all-Russian censuses of 2002 and 2010. The main flows and directions of migration are considered. The methodological analysis of the migration was performed by means of cross-cutting indicators to assess the dynamics of migration processes over a long period. Special attention is given to the rural-urban internal migration, as its volumes, patterns and impacts have not been adequately tested and evaluated to date. Relative indicators, which have not been used previously to assess the studied processes are proposed and calculated. To ensure the comparability of the materials of the censuses of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods under consideration, the economic zoning adopted prior to 2000 was used, and the uniformity of administrative scale was ensured. The hypothesis that from decade to decade, there was a decrease of the intensity of territorial mobility for both urban and rural populations is confirmed. The inter-regional migration flows are considered; the different trends and intensity of migration processes for more than four decades are specified. The dynamics of the structure of migrants on the basis of length of residence in the place of permanent residence in different regions is analyzed. The study has shown that the development and preservation of the prevailing trends in that period continues to adversely affect the territorial distribution of the population and the regional socio-economic development of the country. The findings can find their application in the correction of regional socio-economic and migration policies.

Serbia is a country with a long tradition of emigration, specific economic and political emigration context, a large number of its citizens abroad, as well as their very heterogeneous geographic distribution and differentiated structures. The main objective of the paper is to show that between the region of origin in Serbia and certain destination countries there are ties, on the basis of which migrant networks originate and spread. Over time, networks towards some countries lose their importance or are diverted to other directions. Through incorporating a regional approach, the analysis includes the results of the last five population censuses conducted between 1971 and 2011. It is based on data on the number, share of emigrants from Serbia, with regard to the length of stay abroad, educational structure, as well as the most represented receiving countries from the regional aspects (municipalities and the intense emigration zones in Serbia). Furthermore, attention is paid to the possibilities and the main problems of statistical monitoring of international migration. Such an approach has both the research and the wider social significance, particularly because most of the population abroad covered by the census maintain ties with Serbia, often visit their hometowns and present an important resource for the socioeconomic development of the country.

The study of the phenomenon of polygamy in the Obdorskaya volost of the Berezovsky district of Tobolsk province the identification of the number of families with two or more wives and their ethnicity on the materials of the tenth revision (1858), which became possible due to the use of modern computer technologies. Исследование посвящено изучению феномена многоженства на территории Обдорской волости Березовского уезда Тобольской губернии, в частности выявлению числа семей с двумя и более женами и их этнической принадлежности по материалам десятой ревизии (1858 г.), что стало возможно благодаря применению современных компьютерных технологий. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ, грант № 16-18-10105.

The author begins with the challenges of the population census round of 2020 and gives an outline of the methods of quality assessment of population census data. Next, the synthesis of two Eurostat documents (2007, 2009) and UN Statistics Division (2010) monograph relating to census data quality assessment are considered. Special attention is paid to three methods of census quality assessment: (i) demographic method, (ii) post-enumeration survey, and (iii) comparison with existing household surveys. Census quality assessment methods are discussed in the context of the international recommendations and experience of selected countries. Some Polish experience in these fields is also discussed, and some suggestions to the 2021 Polish Census of Population and Housing preparations are given.

La visualización geográfica, o geovisualización, sitúa al espacio como eje central en la exploración del conocimiento sobre el mundo que nos rodea. En este artículo se resumen algunas de las nuevas tendencias en la geoweb y la geovisualización de información sociodemográfica. Se presentan una serie de aplicaciones desarrolladas en proyectos de investigación en University College London (UCL), Reino Unido. Dichos proyectos de geovisualización tienen como fin hacer accesibles al público en general, representaciones alternativas de fenómenos sociales y poblacionales en el territorio. Para ello se facilita la contribución de contenido proveniente de diversas fuentes y sitios web, que puede ser integrado virtualmente a través de mapping mashups. Estos “agregados cartográficos” son configurados a gusto del usuario final sin ningún costo, permitiéndole compartir con el mundo su particular representación de la realidad socio-espacial en maneras inimaginables hace tan solo siete años. Geographic visualization, or geovisualization, places space as the central theme in knowledge exploration about the world around us. This paper reviews recent trends in the geoweb and geovisualization of sociodemographic information. The paper presents several examples of research projects to geovisualize social and population dynamics developed at University College London (UCL). The main aim of these research projects on geovisualisation is to make available to the general public alternative representations of social and population phenomena over space. To this end, new geovisualisation technologies facilitate the combination of geographic content supplied from various sources and websites, but integrated together through mapping mashups. These “cartographic aggregations” are built to fit the end user’s preferences at no cost. As a result, an average lay user can share with the world their particular sociospatial representations of reality in ways that seemed unthinkable just a few years ago. Este artículo se ha elaborado dentro del proyecto de investigación “Contaminación atmosférica urbana y justicia ambiental: metodología de evaluación y estudio de casos con sistemas de información geográfica”, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, referencia CSO2011-26177.

Bu çalışmada, ülkemizin geleceğini ve gelişmişlik düzeyini yakından ilgilendiren ve etkileyen Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi’nin (ADNKS) ve sistemin ana bileşeni olan Ulusal Adres Veri Tabanı’nın (UAVT) kuruluşu hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. ADNKS ve UAVT kurulduktan sonra ADNKS’den ve UAVT’den elde edilen verilerin kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarında kullanımı, güncelliğinin sağlanması, sağladığı faydalar ve ADNKS’nin, UAVT’nin istenilen düzeyde işlememe sebepleri Denizli ili genelinde araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına ulaşmak için Denizli ili genelinde ADNKS ve UAVT verilerini doğrudan kullanan ve güncelleyen Merkez İlçe Nüfus Müdürlüğü, İl Özel İdaresi, İl Belediyesi ve Merkez İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü ile verilen kamu hizmetinin niteliği ve ADNKS, UAVT’yi kullanma biçimlerini de göz önünde bulundurarak mülakat yapılmıştır. Yapılan mülakat ile elde edilen veriler çeşitli istatistiksel yöntemler ile desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca ADNKS ve UAVT verilerini dolaylı olarak kullanan kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının yetkili birimleri ile yüz yüze görüşülmüş ve edinilen bilgilere çalışmada yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Denizli ili genelinde bulunan kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarınca ADNKS ve UAVT verilerinin oldukça yaygın ve çeşitli şekilde kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ADNKS’nin ve UAVT’nin istenilen düzeyde işlememe sebepleri ve sağlanılan faydalar konusunda da önemli bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. In this study, detailed information was given about the establisment of Address Based Population Register System (ABPRS) and the National Address Database (NAD), the system’s main components, which are closey related and effect the future of our country and our country’s level of development. After the establisment of ABPRS and NAD: usage, updating, benefits and the disadvantages of the data obtained from ABPRS and NAD in public instutions and organizations were investigated in Denizli. To reach the aim of the study, a interviews were conducted in the District Population Offices, District Ad Hoc Administration Offices, District Municipalities, Town Municipalities, Denizli Metropolitan Municpality and District National Education Offices where the data obtained from ABPRS and NAD is directly used and updated. The data obtained from interviews were analyzed by various statistical methods. Also meetings have been made with the public instutions and organizations where the data obtained from ABPRS and NAD are used indirectly and the information of the meetings were included in thestudy. As a result, it has been brought out that the data obtained from ABPRS and NAD are used quite common and various ways in the public instutions and organizations in Denizli. Also advantages and disadvantages of the ABPRS and NAD have been achieved.

The subject matter of the study is the internal migration of the Russian population from 1960 to 2010. The study is based on the information about the spatial population movements, published in the proceedings of the all-Union censuses of 1970, 1979, 1989, and of the all-Russian censuses of 2002 and 2010. The main flows and directions of migration are considered. The methodological analysis of the migration was performed by means of cross-cutting indicators to assess the dynamics of migration processes over a long period. Special attention is given to the rural-urban internal migration, as its volumes, patterns and impacts have not been adequately tested and evaluated to date. Relative indicators, which have not been used previously to assess the studied processes are proposed and calculated. To ensure the comparability of the materials of the censuses of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods under consideration, the economic zoning adopted prior to 2000 was used, and the uniformity of administrative scale was ensured. The hypothesis that from decade to decade, there was a decrease of the intensity of territorial mobility for both urban and rural populations is confirmed. The inter-regional migration flows are considered; the different trends and intensity of migration processes for more than four decades are specified. The dynamics of the structure of migrants on the basis of length of residence in the place of permanent residence in different regions is analyzed. The study has shown that the development and preservation of the prevailing trends in that period continues to adversely affect the territorial distribution of the population and the regional socio-economic development of the country. The findings can find their application in the correction of regional socio-economic and migration policies. Рассмотрены основные потоки и направления миграции населения России с 1960-х по 2010 года. Проанализирована динамика структуры мигрантов по признаку продолжительности проживания в месте постоянного жительства в различных регионах. The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation Project No.14-02-00525.

На материалах Всесоюзной переписи населения СССР 1939 г. исследуются вопросы социального и национального состава сельского населения Урала, его половозрастной структуры, дана группировка сельских семей по численному составу. Определе ны особенности социального состава сельчан в отдельных республиках и областях края. Делаются выводы о значительном сокращении численности сельского населения в возрасте от 15 до 19 лет, наличии заметной диспропорции в соотношении полов, определены причины более сложной национальной структуры сельчан в уральской деревне по сравнению с горожанами. On the basis of materials of the all-Union census of the Soviet Union in 1939 the issues of social and national structure of the rural population of the Urals are explored, its age structure, the grouping of rural families on the numerical basis is given. The social features of the composition of villagers in some republics and areas of the region are defined. Conclusions are made about drastic reduction in the number of rural population aged 15 to 19 years, the presence of significant imbalances in the sex ratio and the reasons of a more complex national structure of the villagers in comparison with the urban people.

Pratschke J. and Haase T. (2007) Measurement of social disadvantage and its spatial articulation in the Republic of Ireland, Regional Studies 41, 719–734. This paper contributes to policy research by developing a reliable aggregate measure of social need in small areas and by describing how this index can be used to evaluate public interventions in disadvantaged areas. Spatially targeted initiatives to combat disadvantage have been implemented in many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, and the availability of European Union funding has encouraged their diffusion. The longitudinal analysis and evaluation of these initiatives is difficult using existing indices as these do not facilitate comparisons over time. This paper describes an alternative approach that relies on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and permits diachronic analyses. Pratschke J. et Haase T. (2007) La mesure des inegalites sociales et de leur delimitation geographique dans la Republique d'Irlande, Regional ...

Este artículo analiza cómo se construyeron los padrones de población en el Nuevo Reino de Granada de finales del siglo XVIII. Presta atención al contexto administrativo de donde emanaron las órdenes, las intenciones e intereses que motivaron la contabilización de las poblaciones, los problemas enfrentados, las soluciones asumidas y las formas cómo se clasificaron a los habitantes. Contrasta los di-versos padrones realizados con base en la orden real de 1776, para mostrar las variaciones que se operaron en las formas de recoger la información. Muestra los di-versos niveles de presentación de sus resultados y cómo los resúmenes obedecieron a la influencia de un pensamiento ilustrado que no necesariamente guardaba correspondencia automática con la realidad.

This paper defines economic inclusion as the ability of all people, including the disadvantaged, to share in economic gains, that is, the conditions that allow for broadly shared prosperity. Beyond the “right” to access consumption in cities, and beyond relatively standardized safety net policies that support economic security, inclusion demands intentional, flexible, context-appropriate strategies aimed at shifting the dynamics of local land and labor markets, public education, and other institutions. The paper analyzes the varied contexts for designing and supporting such strategies in a rapidly changing society, where urban regions have long been critical to incorporating a broad cross-section of people, including immigrant newcomers. Four dimensions are particularly crucial: an urban area’s level of economic growth, the quality of its jobs, its demographic profile, and its geography of opportunity (degree and form of spatial inequality). Economic inclusion is particularly urgent in America’s strongest local markets, which are pricing out the lowest-wage workers and showing a disturbing tendency to import rather than grow the talent needed for the emerging, innovation-driven economy. But weak-market regions face important challenges—and a range of options for leveraging demographic and other changes—as well. And for now, in all types of cities, innovative and promising strategies remain small in scale, in part because they are competing for support with entrenched, underperforming systems.

This study presents an area-based deprivation measure for the island of Ireland based on the 2011 Census. Conceptually, it builds on the study undertaken by the authors in 2011, which used small area data from Ireland and Northern Ireland to construct a prototype of an all-island deprivation index. The index presented here embodies further advances, made possible by recent developments in data availability and harmonisation.

The diffusion of deprivation indices and their application in a wide variety of contexts raises a number of conceptual and methodological issues, particularly in relation to the analysis of change over time. We seek to address these issues by developing an aggregate-level theoretical approach which can guide the construction of a statistical model for enumeration districts in Ireland using five waves of census data (1991, 1996, 2002, 2006, 2011). We use a powerful and flexible family of statistical models—multiple-group mean and covariance structural equation modelling—to obtain comparable estimates of affluence and deprivation for each wave of data. The scores for the three component dimensions—referred to as demographic vitality, social class composition, and labour market situation—are mapped using GIS techniques, together with an overall measure of affluence and deprivation. Using the maps and other results we provide an original discussion of the sociospatial impacts of the economic boom in Ireland between 1996 and 2006, and the subsequent downturn. We highlight the importance of population flows and housing-market dynamics in understanding the nature of each phase and when evaluating the sustainability of economic growth.

Part of the rationale for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was that it will increase trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, creating jobs and reducing migration to the United States (U.S.). Since poor data on illegal migration to the United States make direct measurement difficult, data on migration within Mexico, where census data permit careful analysis, are used instead to evaluate the mechanism behind predictions on migration to the United States. Specifications are provided for migration within Mexico, incorporating measures of cost of living, amenities, and networks. Contrary to much of the literature, labor market variables enter very significantly and as predicted once possible credit constraint effects are controlled for. Greater exposure to FDI and trade deters outmigration, with the effects working partly through the labor market. Finally, some tentative inferences are presented about the impact of increased FDI on Mexico- U.S. migration. On average, a doubling of FDI inflows leads to a 1.5 to 2 percent drop in migration.

This article analyses the first results of the latest census of population taken in 2002. For the first time, the census was not taken on the whole territory of the FR of Yugoslavia. The Census 2002 was taken after a year long delay, and for the first time, it wasn't conducted in the entire country. It was postponed in Montenegro for another year. So far, a census conducting was not planned in Kosovo and Metohija.According to the first results of the Census 2002, 5454950 persons lived in Central Serbia, and 2024487 in Vojvodina. At the same time, a total of 328795 inhabitants of Central Serbia and 67148 inhabitants of Vojvodina were at 'temporary' work/stay abroad. Compared to the previous census (1991), the population (in the country) of Central Serbia was decreased by 127,7 thousand or -2,3%, while the population of Vojvodina increased by 58,1 thousand or 3,0%. The number of persons 'temporary' abroad, compared to 1991, was significantly increased in Central Serbia (102,5 thousand or 45,3%) and Vojvodina (19,6 thousand or 41,3%). The total population (in country and abroad) of Central Serbia was 5783745, and in Vojvodina 2091635. In the intercensual period, the population of Central Serbia decreased by 25,2 thousand, and it increased by 77,7 thousand in Vojvodina. These dynamics are contrary to the dynamics in the previous intercensual period (1981-1991), when the number of inhabitants of Central Serbia was increased (114,4 thousand, 91,6 out of which was in the country) and of Vojvodina was decreased (by 20,9 thousand, 2,8 out of which was in the country).The second part of the article analyses the population dynamics of municipalities and settlements. In the intercensual period of 1991-2002, three quarters of municipalities (120 out of 161) and four fifths of settlements (3835 out 4705), there was a negative population growth rate. As a rule, these are municipalities and settlements with a relatively large share of refugees and IDPs.

In 2009 the Gabonese authorities defined a new vision whose strategic guidelines are detailed in an operational plan, the strategic plan for an emerging Gabon (PSGE) whose goal is to turn Gabon into an emerging country within one generation. PSGE includes an ambitious public investment program to develop basic infrastructure and to create the necessary economic environment for the emergence of a diversified economy. The major challenge for PSGE, and how it can be different from previous development plans, will be to become a growth model that is both sustainable and inclusive, leading to a significant improvement in the revenue and living conditions of all Gabonese people. This report is a contribution to the debate on how to achieve this goal. It was developed as part of the implementation of a new World Bank intervention strategy in Gabon wherein competitiveness and employment is the first pillar. It identifies the main obstacles to the low impact of economic growth on employment in Gabon and makes recommendations that will foster dialogue between the World Bank and the Gabonese authorities on the subject. The report is divided into three parts: (i) an analysis of Gabons economic performance since the independence and its effect on employment, (ii) an analysis of the main characteristics of the labor market, and (iii) a review of the main obstacles to job creation. The conclusion recommends some options for reforming the labor market as well as the legal and institutional framework for employment promotion in Gabon.

La visualización geográfica, o geovisualización, sitúa al espacio como eje central en la exploración del conocimiento sobre el mundo que nos rodea. En este artículo se resumen algunas de las nuevas tendencias en la geoweb y la geovisualización de información sociodemográfica. Se presentan una serie de aplicaciones desarrolladas en proyectos de investigación en University College London (UCL), Reino Unido. Dichos proyectos de geovisualización tienen como fin hacer accesibles al público en general, representaciones alternativas de fenómenos sociales y poblacionales en el territorio. Para ello se facilita la contribución de contenido proveniente de diversas fuentes y sitios web, que puede ser integrado virtualmente a través de mapping mashups. Estos “agregados cartográficos” son configurados a gusto del usuario final sin ningún costo, permitiéndole compartir con el mundo su particular representación de la realidad socio-espacial en maneras inimaginables hace tan solo siete años. Geographic visualization, or geovisualization, places space as the central theme in knowledge exploration about the world around us. This paper reviews recent trends in the geoweb and geovisualization of sociodemographic information. The paper presents several examples of research projects to geovisualize social and population dynamics developed at University College London (UCL). The main aim of these research projects on geovisualisation is to make available to the general public alternative representations of social and population phenomena over space. To this end, new geovisualisation technologies facilitate the combination of geographic content supplied from various sources and websites, but integrated together through mapping mashups. These “cartographic aggregations” are built to fit the end user’s preferences at no cost. As a result, an average lay user can share with the world their particular sociospatial representations of reality in ways that seemed unthinkable just a few years ago. Este artículo se ha elaborado dentro del proyecto de investigación “Contaminación atmosférica urbana y justicia ambiental: metodología de evaluación y estudio de casos con sistemas de información geográfica”, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, referencia CSO2011-26177.

Despite its volatile history, the Islamic Republic of Iran has performed well on social indicators, especially in providing basic services such as health care and education. Iran's fertility decline may have proceeded in two stages, the first beginning in the late 1960s. The Iranian government introduced a family planning program during the 1960s with explicit health and demographic objectives. Between 1967 and 1977, fertility declined-mainly in urban areas-to an average of 4 children per woman. Although the family planning program continued after the 1979 Islamic revolution, it was suspended after war broke out with Iraq in 1980. During the war, the government pursued a pronatalist population policy, including incentives for childbearing. The fertility decline coincided with improvements in primary and secondary education, possibly affecting the rapid decline in adolescent fertility during 1997-2006, especially when compared to other Middle East and North Africa region countries. Today regional disparities in fertility exist with higher fertility in less developed districts. Yet Iran's example shows how good public policy interventions in health (including family planning) and education can reduce fertility and contribute to human development.

This thesis deals with creating files of maps of South Bohemia and the Czech Republic on the economic structure of the population. The chapters describe briefly how to create maps in ArcGIS 9.1. environment and basic elements of cartography. The thesis contains chapters draft cartographic means of expression and basic characteristics and problems counting people, houses and flats 2001. In conclusion, the analytical commentary on the various maps and map layout itself.

The Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) is an all-island body which aims to improve health in Ireland, by working to combat health inequalities and influence public policies in favour of health. IPH promotes co-operation in research, training, information and policy in order to contribute to policies which tackle inequalities in health. Over the past ten years IPH has worked closely with the Department of Health and Children and the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland to build capacity for public health across the island of Ireland. Key pointsIPH welcomes the opportunity to contribute to the questionnaire content for the 2011 Census of Population. We are particularly interested in how information collected by the Census can contribute to improved health and in this regard are broadly supportive of the questions addressing health in the current Census questionnaire. We feel that an additional question that assesses self-perceived health would be extremely useful as, while this is a subjective assessment, it has been shown to correlate well with actual health status and use of health services.