36 results on '"C110"'
Search Results
2. C110 套管用 HS05 钢的热处理工艺研究.
- Author
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张戟, 周田云, and 李飞
- Abstract
Copyright of Steel Pipe is the property of Steel Pipe Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Towards a typology of risk preference: Four risk profiles describe two-thirds of individuals in a large sample of the U.S. population
- Author
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Frey, Renato, Duncan, Shannon M., and Weber, Elke U.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Time varying dynamics of globalization effect in India
- Author
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Gupta, Shikha and Kumar, Nand
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A probabilistic approach to IT risk management in the Basel regulatory framework : A case study
- Author
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Ibrahimovic, Semir and Franke, Ulrik
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Generalized Bayes Estimator for Spatial Durbin Model
- Author
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Chaturvedi, Anoop, Shalabh, and Mishra, Sandeep
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Portfolio choice, portfolio liquidation, and portfolio transition under drift uncertainty.
- Author
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Bismuth, Alexis, Guéant, Olivier, and Pu, Jiang
- Abstract
This paper presents several models addressing optimal portfolio choice, optimal portfolio liquidation, and optimal portfolio transition issues, in which the expected returns of risky assets are unknown. Our approach is based on a coupling between Bayesian learning and dynamic programming techniques that leads to partial differential equations. It enables to recover the well-known results of Karatzas and Zhao in a framework à la Merton, but also to deal with cases where martingale methods are no longer available. In particular, we address optimal portfolio choice, portfolio liquidation, and portfolio transition problems in a framework à la Almgren–Chriss, and we build therefore a model in which the agent takes into account in his decision process both the liquidity of assets and the uncertainty with respect to their expected return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Convenio sobre las plantaciones 1958 (núm. 110).
- Author
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PUENTE MARTÍNEZ, Pablo
- Subjects
PLANTATIONS ,LABOR supply ,COLLECTIVE bargaining ,INDUSTRIAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
9. Synergistic effects of corrosion time and stress on corrosion of casing steel in H2S/CO2 gas wells.
- Author
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Zhang, Zhi, Zhang, Naiyan, Liu, Zhiwei, and Zhao, Wentao
- Subjects
- *
STEEL corrosion , *GAS wells , *AUTOCLAVES , *ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis , *OIL well casing - Abstract
Effect of corrosion duration on C110 casing steel was investigated in the stimulated gas field solution containing both 1 MPa CO2 and 1.5 MPa H2S at 90 °C by using a high temperature autoclave. And the corrosion rate prediction model was established based on the corrosion duration effect. In addition, effect of stress on corrosion of steel was analyzed from the thermodynamics and electrochemistry theories, moreover, the casing corrosion life prediction model was established under three axis stress state with considering the influences of stress and corrosion effect. The results reveal that the corrosion rate of C110 casing steel decreases significantly as corrosion time increases, then gradually tends toward stability. In addition, the casing steel is subjected to load and corrosion solution, the thermodynamic activity and the electrochemical reaction potential are changed, ultimately aggravating the process of corrosion. Compared to corrosion time and wall thickness, the internal pressure is the main factor governing the casing corrosion. Therefore, it is suggested that the synergistic effects of corrosion time and stress should be considered in casing safety design and operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Marine macroalgae as food for earthworms: growth and selection experiments across ecotypes
- Author
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Guénola Pérès, Camille Méline, Kevin R. Butt, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
C150 ,Fucus serratus ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Soil biology ,C110 ,010501 environmental sciences ,Choice chamber ,01 natural sciences ,Macroalgae ,Birch leaves ,Earthworm and Soil Pollution ,Horse manure ,Environmental Chemistry ,Animals ,Horses ,Oligochaeta ,Agroecosystems ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecosystem ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,Ecotype ,Laminaria ,C161 ,biology ,Earthworm ,Laminaria digitata ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,15. Life on land ,Lumbricus rubellus ,biology.organism_classification ,Seaweed ,Pollution ,Manure ,Europe ,Agronomy ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Fucus ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,C180 - Abstract
Historically, subsistence farmers around the Atlantic coast of NW Europe utilized marine algae as a fertilizer in agroecosystems, a practice that continued in small areas and is now considered to have real potential for re-establishing sustainable food production systems on marginal soils. Earthworms form a significant component of soil fauna, and their ecosystem services are well-documented. Therefore, palatability of marine organic amendments to faunal detritivores of terrestrial systems is of interest. This work aimed to assess the potential for growth of Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea longa fed with two common macroalgae (seaweeds), Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus. In addition, choice chambers were constructed to permit earthworm selection of these macroalgae with more conventional organic materials, horse manure (HM) and birch leaves (BL). Over a period of 2 months, earthworm species showed significantly greater mass gain with conventional food (p Laminaria outperformed Fucus, which in turn was superior to soil alone. Similarly, when given a choice, a significant preference (p A. caliginosa when offered seaweeds only. By contrast, L. rubellus and A. longa showed significant preferences (p Laminaria over Fucus and fresh material over degraded. These results underline an interest to profit from natural resources (seaweeds) to maintain or improve soil biological quality in marginal coastal areas.
- Published
- 2020
11. Estimating size and scope economies in the Portuguese water sector using the Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis.
- Author
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Carvalho, Pedro and Marques, Rui Cunha
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIES of scope , *BAYESIAN analysis , *STOCHASTIC analysis , *PROBLEM solving , *COINTEGRATION - Abstract
This study aims to search for economies of size and scope in the Portuguese water sector applying Bayesian and classical statistics to make inference in stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). This study proves the usefulness and advantages of the application of Bayesian statistics for making inference in SFA over traditional SFA which just uses classical statistics. The resulting Bayesian methods allow overcoming some problems that arise in the application of the traditional SFA, such as the bias in small samples and skewness of residuals. In the present case study of the water sector in Portugal, these Bayesian methods provide more plausible and acceptable results. Based on the results obtained we found that there are important economies of output density, economies of size, economies of vertical integration and economies of scope in the Portuguese water sector, pointing out to the huge advantages in undertaking mergers by joining the retail and wholesale components and by joining the drinking water and wastewater services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Portfolio choice, portfolio liquidation, and portfolio transition under drift uncertainty
- Author
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Alexis Bismuth, Jiang Pu, Olivier Guéant, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service étude et Modélisation en ThermoHydraulique (SMTH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Institut europlace de finance
- Subjects
Optimal portfolio transition ,Statistics and Probability ,Mathematics::Optimization and Control ,Black–Litterman model ,01 natural sciences ,FOS: Economics and business ,010104 statistics & probability ,Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM) ,Computer Science::Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science ,Merton's portfolio problem ,0502 economics and business ,Econometrics ,Economics ,Post-modern portfolio theory ,0101 mathematics ,Quantitative Finance - Portfolio Management ,Separation property ,Modern portfolio theory ,Bayesian learning ,Optimal portfolio choice ,050208 finance ,Actuarial science ,05 social sciences ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations ,Stochastic optimal control ,Online learning ,Optimal portfolio liquidation ,Replicating portfolio ,Portfolio ,PACS : G110 ,C110 ,C180 ,Optimal execution ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Portfolio optimization ,Finance - Abstract
International audience; This paper presents several models addressing optimal portfolio choice, optimal portfolio liquidation, and optimal portfolio transition issues, in which the expected returns of risky assets are unknown. Our approach is based on a coupling between Bayesian learning and dynamic programming techniques that leads to partial differential equations. It enables to recover the well-known results of Karatzas and Zhao in a framework à la Merton, but also to deal with cases where martingale methods are no longer available. In particular, we address optimal portfolio choice, portfolio liquidation, and portfolio transition problems in a framework à la Almgren–Chriss, and we build therefore a model in which the agent takes into account in his decision process both the liquidity of assets and the uncertainty with respect to their expected return.
- Published
- 2019
13. Bank Credit Risk Management and Migration Analysis; Conditioning Transition Matrices on the Stage of the Business Cycle.
- Author
-
Gavalas, Dimitris and Syriopoulos, Theodore
- Subjects
CREDIT risk management ,BANK loans ,BUSINESS cycles ,PORTFOLIO management (Investments) ,MACROECONOMICS ,BASEL III (2010) ,BASEL II (2004) - Abstract
Credit risk has been one of the most active areas of recent financial research. It is driven by advances in portfolio risk measurement and management techniques, growth in credit derivatives trading, the Basel II implementation, and regulatory concerns stemming from the commercial credit crunch that initially took place in 2001 and 2002 in the USA. Within this broader literature, a growing body of research analyzes the meaning, role, and influence of credit ratings that quantify credit risk. This paper examines the two-way links between credit risk measurement and the macroeconomic conditions, interpreted through phases of business cycles. We propose a methodology applied on bank internal rating data, which estimates ratings migration probabilities while integrating the state of the economy. We first discuss the issue of whether credit risk is low or high in different economic scenarios. In order to evaluate this prospect, we examine each year in four quarters that represent different scenarios throughout the year. We then review how macroeconomic considerations are incorporated into credit risk models and the risk measurement approach that underlies Basel II and Basel III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Feels Good.
- Author
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Lord, Brad
- Published
- 2015
15. A Bayesian regime-switching time-series model.
- Author
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Jaehee Kim and Sooyoung Cheon
- Subjects
- *
BAYESIAN analysis , *STATISTICAL decision making , *SWITCHING theory , *TIME series analysis , *MATHEMATICAL statistics , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
This article provides a new Bayesian approach for AR(2) time-series models with multiple regime-switching points. Our formulation of the regime-switching model involves a binary discrete variable that indicates the regime change. This variable is specified to be detected by data in each regime. The model is estimated using Stochastic approximation Monte Carlo method proposed by Liang et al. [JASA (2007)]. This methodology is quite useful since it allows for fitting of more complex regime-switching models without transition constraint. The proposed model is illustrated using simulated and real data such as GNP and US interest rate data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Repeated Dichotomous Choice Formats for Elicitation of Willingness to Pay: Simultaneous Estimation and Anchoring Effect.
- Author
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Araña, Jorge and León, Carmelo
- Subjects
CONTINGENT valuation ,NATURE reserves ,WILLINGNESS to pay ,SIMULTANEOUS equations ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,BAYESIAN analysis ,BINARY principle (Linguistics) - Abstract
Repeated dichotomous choice contingent valuation data are generated from responses to a succession of binary questions regarding alternative prices for an environmental good. In this paper we propose a simultaneous equation model that allows for endogeneity and error correlation across the responses at each stage of the bidding process. The model allows us to study the evolution of anchoring effects after the second dichotomous choice question. Estimation involves the Bayesian techniques of Gibbs sampling and data augmentation, and the application focuses on the preservation value of a natural area. The results for a data set involving up to four successive dichotomous choice questions show that restricted multiple-bounded models are rejected by the data with the general model. In addition, willingness to pay tends to stabilize after the second stage in the elicitation process for the general unrestricted model. When taking anchoring effects into consideration, it is revealed that individuals’ responses in the latter stages are influenced by the sequence of bid prices offered in earlier questions. Nevertheless, they do not have a significant effect on welfare estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Interactive effects of composted green waste and earthworm activity on tree growth and reclaimed soil quality: A mesocosm experiment
- Author
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Frank Ashwood, E. I. Vanguelova, Kevin R. Butt, and Kieron J. Doick
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,C150 ,Population ,C110 ,Soil Science ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Mesocosm ,D517 ,Nutrient ,biology.animal ,Lumbricidae ,Organic matter ,education ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,biology ,C185 ,Earthworm ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant litter ,biology.organism_classification ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Soil quality ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science - Abstract
On reclaimed landfill sites, the addition of organic matter such as composted green waste (CGW) to soil-forming materials can support tree survival and growth. CGW addition may also assist the establishment of sustainable earthworm populations, and in turn these organisms can promote further soil development through their burrowing and feeding activity. Despite such potentially mutual benefits, little research has been carried out into CGW and earthworm interactions with trees on reclaimed land. A twelve month, open field nursery experiment revealed the responses of the interactions between two tree species; Alnus cordata (Betulaceae) and Acer platanoides (Sapindaceae), CGW and the earthworms Aporrectodea longa (Lumbricidae) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Lumbricidae) in reclaimed soil. Controlled mesocosm conditions permitted a detailed investigation into the factors affecting tree growth and nutrient uptake, soil nutrient cycling and earthworm population dynamics. Results revealed that A. cordata growth was unaffected by CGW or earthworm addition. There was, however, a significant positive synergistic effect of earthworm activity and CGW addition on A. platanoides growth. CGW addition significantly increased levels of organic carbon and essential plant macro-nutrients in reclaimed soil while earthworm activity assisted decomposition of both leaf litter and CGW. Findings showed that CGW may serve as a suitable early source of organic matter to support earthworm population establishment on reclaimed sites. This experiment demonstrates that CGW improves reclaimed soil quality, thereafter supporting tree establishment and growth on reclaimed landfill.
- Published
- 2017
18. Bayesian Clustering of Farm Types Using the Mixtures Model.
- Author
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Tiffin, Richard
- Subjects
- *
BAYESIAN analysis , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *FARMS , *DAIRY farms , *DAIRY farming , *AGRICULTURAL prices - Abstract
A Bayesian method of classifying observations that are assumed to come from a number of distinct subpopulations is outlined. The method is illustrated with simulated data and applied to the classification of farms according to their level and variability of income. The resultant classification shows a greater diversity of technical charactersitics within farm types than is conventionally the case. The range of mean farm income between groups in the new classification is wider than that of the conventional method and the variability of income within groups is narrower. Results show that the highest income group in 2000 included large specialist dairy farmers and pig and poultry producers, whilst in 2001 it included large and small specialist dairy farms and large mixed dairy and arable farms. In both years the lowest income group is dominated by non-milk producing livestock farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Tunable Self-Assembled Peptide Structure: A Novel Approach to Design Dual-Use Biological Agents
- Author
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Tapas Sen, Waqar Ahmed, Yogita Patil-Sen, and Abdul Majid
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Nanocomposite ,Nanostructure ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,C100 ,C110 ,Context (language use) ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Magnetic hyperthermia ,Dynamic light scattering ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Micro/nanostructures based naturally occurring building blocks have attracted much attention as potential materials in the field of bio-nanotechnology. In this context, peptides are ideal naturally occurring materials for tissue regeneration, scaffolding, and drug delivery. Herein we report an initial study of fabrication of spherical and tubular structures by self-assembly process using butoxy carbonyl (Boc)-diphenylalanine as a naturally occurring peptides under different solvent conditions in the presence and absence of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIONs) core. The novel nanocomposites have been characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Magnetic Hyperthermia under Alternating Magnetic Field (AMF).
- Published
- 2017
20. Quantum short-channel compact model for the threshold voltage in double-gate MOSFETs with high-permittivitty gate dielectrics
- Author
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Munteanu, D., Autran, J.L., and Harrison, S.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC insulators & insulation , *SEMICONDUCTORS , *SURFACES (Technology) , *SOLID state electronics - Abstract
Abstract: An analytical model of the threshold voltage for long channel double-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor is developed, applicable to both symmetric and asymmetric structures with thin films (<10nm) and high-permittivity gate dielectrics (with permittivities>10). The model takes into account short-channel effects, carrier quantization and fringing-field induced barrier lowering induced by the high-permittivity gate layer. The model assumes a parabolic dependence of the potential with position in the silicon film at threshold, enabling the development of an analytical expression for the surface potential. Compared to previous models only derived for undoped films, the present approach considers both mobile charge and depleted charge terms in Poisson’s equation. The model is fully validated by numerical simulation and is used to predict the impact of the fringing-induced barrier lowering on the threshold voltage of double-gate devices as a function of the gate stack composition and the device gate length. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A simulation analysis of FIBL in decananometer Double-Gate MOSFETs with high-κ gate dielectrics
- Author
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Autran, J.L., Munteanu, D., Bescond, M., Houssa, M., and Said, A.
- Subjects
- *
EXCITON theory , *ELECTRIC insulators & insulation , *METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors , *ELECTRIC resistance - Abstract
Abstract: In this work, the degradation of electrical performances of Double-Gate MOSFET due to the fringing induced barrier lowering (FIBL) effect induced by high-κ gate dielectrics is investigated using a two-dimensional quantum-mechanical simulation code. Our numerical results show that all electrical parameters, such as the threshold voltage (V T), device immunity to short-channel effects, off-state current (I off), and subthreshold slope (S) are degraded when κ increases (3.9< κ <100). This degradation is both function of the channel length and the gate dielectric stack composition (number of layers, κ value). In particular, it is shown that the introduction of a thin (<1nm thick) interfacial oxide layer can reduce or even completely suppress the FIBL for a given equivalent oxide thickness of the gate dielectric stack. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Constructing of network from topics and their temporal change in the Nikkei newspaper articles
- Author
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Kawata, Shinya and Fujiwara, Yoshi
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Capacitance control of carbon aerogel electrodes
- Author
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Hwang, Sung-Woo and Hyun, Sang-Hoon
- Subjects
- *
COLLOIDS , *CERAMIC materials , *ELECTRIC resistors , *SURFACE chemistry - Abstract
Abstract: Carbon aerogels are promising materials as electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) units and electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). An optimum process is presented for synthesis of nanoporous carbon aerogels via pyrolyzing resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) organic aerogels, which could be cost-effectively manufactured from RF wet gels by a modified ambient drying technique using acetone exchange/controlled evaporation instead of conventional supercritical drying. The linear shrinkage of RF aerogel during ambient-drying of wet gels was controlled to be less than 4%, almost same as that of supercritical drying. Carbon aerogels obtained by pyrolyzing of RF aerogels (specific surface area 300–400m2/g) retains high specific surface area (400–700m2/g), low density (0.40–1.16g/cm3), and ultrafine pore size (<50nm) depending on the pH3.0–6.5 range of the starting RF solution. The specific capacitance of carbon aerogel electrodes activated at 450°C in air environment for 1h has been improved to 220F/g. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Study of capacitance in hydrogenated amorphous silicon phototransistors for imaging arrays
- Author
-
Tucci, M. and Caputo, D.
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH , *SILICON , *IMAGING systems , *HYDROGENATION - Abstract
In this paper we report on the study of capacitance in hydrogenated amorphous silicon phototransistors in order to determine their applicability in large area imaging systems. Measured capacitance values exceed the geometrical one at low frequencies of the probe signal, both in the dark and under illumination. In particular, capacitance values in excess of 60 μF/cm2 are measured under 220 μW/cm2 illumination at 600 nm. The experimental data have been reproduced by a numerical device simulator, which takes into account the distribution of defects in amorphous materials. We have found that capacitance is mainly determined by the trapping and release processes occurring in the base and at the interfaces between the intrinsic and the n-layers of the device. At these interfaces, the Fermi level lies in correspondence with the band tails, whose high number of defects causes a large variation of trapped charge in response to the a.c. applied voltage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The effects of silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride intermediate layers on the properties of tantalum pentoxide films on silicon: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray reflectivity and capacitance–voltage studies
- Author
-
Passacantando, M., Jolly, F., Lozzi, L., Salerni, V., Picozzi, P., Santucci, S., Corsi, C., and Zintu, D.
- Subjects
- *
DIELECTRIC films , *ION bombardment , *SILICON nitride - Abstract
Thin dielectric films (∼4.0 nm) of Ta2O5 were prepared by ion beam deposition technique onto Si(1 0 0) without and with a buffer layer of silicon nitride and oxynitride of about 1 nm. The composition of the films, submitted to annealing at 850 °C in nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thickness and roughness of layers were determined by a best squares fitting routine, based upon the algorithm of Parrat, of the X-ray reflectivity spectra. From capacitance as a function of voltage measurements we analyze the dielectric properties of these samples. We observed that after annealing the intermediate layer of silicon nitride or oxynitride confers to the samples a greater thermal stability in composition and thickness together with an improvement of the electrical properties especially for the sample deposited onto pure silicon nitride that has a dielectric constant of about 18 and an equivalent thickness of 1 nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Stretch-out of high-permittivity MOS capacitance–voltage curves resulting from a lateral non-uniform oxide charge distribution
- Author
-
Autran, J.-L., Munteanu, D., Dinescu, R., and Houssa, M.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC charge , *CAPACITORS , *METAL oxide semiconductors - Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of a lateral non-uniform oxide charge distribution on the capacitance–voltage,
C(V) , response of a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure. In contrast with the case of an in-depth non-uniform but laterally invariant oxide charge distribution which produces a pure voltage shift of theC(V) characteristic, we show that a lateral non-uniform charge profile can shift the curve and also stretch it under certain conditions of non-uniformity on a nanometer scale. This result is particularly important in the case of advanced MOS devices with high-permittivity gate dielectrics since such gate stacks are susceptible to present fixed charge bonding arrangements depending on the metal ion in the oxide or of the crystalline or amorphous state of the oxide. In the present study, the impact of linear, Gaussian, random and patterned oxide charge distributions are investigated for the first time using two-dimensional numerical simulations based on the solving the Poisson equation on the whole structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Model of leakage current induced by dynamic stress in thin EEPROM tunnel oxides
- Author
-
Sorbier, J.P., Croci, S., Imbert, B., and Plossu, C.
- Subjects
- *
SILICA , *COMPUTER storage devices , *ELECTRIC conductivity - Abstract
It has been currently observed that Fowler–Nordheim tunneling injection through thin SiO2 oxide layers (5–10 nm) induces leakage currents called stress-induced leakage currents (SILC). These could contribute to data retention loss in EEPROM non-volatile memory devices. In this work, we have stressed 7 nm thick SiO2 MOS capacitors with bipolar symmetrical pulses similar to write–erase cycles used for EEPROM cell programming.
I(V) , current–voltage data, have been analyzed to identify the induced conduction mechanisms after different stress levels. It has been shown thatI(V) data present two zones. The first zone, for oxide electric fields greater than 7 MV cm−1, always remains governed by a classical Fowler–Nordheim effect. At smaller electric fields corresponding to the SILC domain, the current has been successfully modelled by a trap-assisted conduction mechanism. At largest injected charge levels, coulombic attractive traps generated in SiO2 overlap inducing conduction enhancement that we have described by a two-traps model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Developing a systematic sampling method for earthworms in and around deadwood
- Author
-
Elena Vanguelova, Frank Ashwood, Kevin R. Butt, and Sue Benham
- Subjects
C150 ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Chronosequence ,Forest management ,C110 ,Biodiversity ,Woodland ,Deciduous woodland ,01 natural sciences ,Coarse woody debris ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,Forest ecology ,Earthworms ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Ecology ,biology ,Agroforestry ,Earthworm ,Forestry ,Systematic sampling ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Deadwood ,Oak ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Microhabitat ,lcsh:Ecology ,Species richness ,C180 - Abstract
Background: The ecological importance of deadwood is widely acknowledged, however popular forestry practices may reduce deadwood from a site, and most European forests now fall below recommended targets, putting deadwood-associated species at risk. There is increasing evidence that earthworm species which live in alternative habitats such as deadwood can be missed by traditional sampling methods, which can lead to false classifications regarding species distributions and conservation status and value. Resolving the current lack of a systematic and quantitative methodology for surveying earthworms in microhabitats such as deadwood may therefore lead to valuable insights into earthworm species ecologies in forest ecosystems. The main aim of this research was to develop and trial a systematic method for surveying deadwood-associated earthworms, with potential future application to other invertebrates. Sampling of earthworms within soil, deadwood and soil beneath deadwood was carried out across a chronosequence of unmanaged oak forest stands. The results were then used to investigate the influence of soil and deadwood environmental factors and woodland age on the earthworm populations of oak-dominated broadleaf woodlands. \ud Results: Results from our surveys successfully show that in oak woodland habitats with deadwood, omitting deadwood microhabitats from earthworm sampling can lead to underestimates of total earthworm species richness, abundance and biomass. We also found a significantly greater proportion of juveniles within the earthworm communities of broadleaf deadwood, where temperature and moisture conditions were more favourable than surrounding open soil habitats. \ud Conclusions: The systematic method presented should be considered as additional and complementary to traditional sampling protocols, to provide a realistic estimate of earthworm populations in woodland systems. Adopting this quantitative approach to surveying the biodiversity value of deadwood may enable forest management practices to more effectively balance wood production against ecological and conservation values. Opportunities for further development of the sampling methodology are proposed.
- Published
- 2019
29. Earthworm dispersal of plant litter across the surface of agricultural soils
- Author
-
Nuutinen, Visa and Butt, Kevin Richard
- Subjects
C110 ,C180 ,C910 - Abstract
When we observed earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.; the dew worm or nightcrawler), foraging on patchily distributed plant residues in the laboratory, we noticed an exceptional interaction in their acquisition of dead organic matter. We review this original observation and then relate a subsequent finding which indicates the importance of the phenomenon in the field.
- Published
- 2019
30. Estimated human capital externalities in an endogenous growth framework
- Author
-
Malley, Jim, Woitek, Ulrich, and University of Zurich
- Subjects
endogenous growth ,C52 ,10007 Department of Economics ,C110 ,E320 ,ddc:330 ,C520 ,human capital externalities ,Bayesian estimation ,C11 ,330 Economics ,Human capital externalities ,E32 - Abstract
To better understand the quantitative implications of human capital externalities at the aggregate level, we estimate a two-sector endogenous growth model with knowledge spill-overs. To achieve this, we account for trend growth in a model consistent fashion and employ a Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to estimate the model's posterior parameter distributions. Using U.S. quarterly data from 1964-2017, we find significant positive externalities to aggregate human capital. Our analysis further shows that eliminating this market failure leads to sizeable increases in education-time, endogenous growth and aggregate welfare.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effects of Owinema Bio-Preparation on Vermicomposting in Earthworm Ecological Boxes
- Author
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Joanna Kostecka, Kevin R. Butt, Renata Szura, Grzegorz Pączka, Anna Mazur-Pączka, Agnieszka Podolak, and Mariola Garczyńska
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Eisenia fetida ,C150 ,Population ,C110 ,vermicomposting ,Biomass ,C310 ,owinema bio-preparation ,010501 environmental sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Sciaridae ,General Materials Science ,education ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Instrumentation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,sciaridae larvae ,education.field_of_study ,C360 ,biology ,F410 ,lcsh:T ,Ecology ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Earthworm ,General Engineering ,Biodegradable waste ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Computer Science Applications ,010602 entomology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,earthworms e. fetida ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Steinernema feltiae ,C180 ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
This paper describes vermicomposting of kitchen organic waste with the use of Eisenia fetida earthworms in an ecological box. To control excessively proliferated Sciaridae in the box medium, an Owinema bio-preparation, which contains larvae of the nematode Steinernema feltiae, was used. The effect of this bioinsecticide on the earthworm population during vermicomposting of organic waste was assessed. It was found that the applied bio-preparation effectively limited the population of sciarids and also had a positive effect on the development of the earthworm population (it caused a significant increase in the number and biomass of mature and immature forms and cocoons produced (p <, 0.05)). The Owinema preparation also had a positive effect on the rate of organic waste vermicomposting.
- Published
- 2020
32. Soil faunal and structural responses to the settlement of a semi- sedentary earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in an arable clay field
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Jari Hyväluoma, Elise Ketoja, Kevin R. Butt, Juha Mikola, and Visa Nuutinen
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0106 biological sciences ,Community ,Ecology ,Soil biology ,Fauna ,Earthworm ,C110 ,Soil Science ,C300 ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Midden ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Biological dispersal ,Ecosystem ,Lumbricus terrestris ,C180 - Abstract
We studied the soil community and habitat consequences of introducing a deep-burrowing, sedentary life-style earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris (dew-worm) into arable zero-till clay. Seventeen years after introduction, which was originally aimed at improving the macroporosity and permeability of the heavy clay soil, we returned to the gradient of L. terrestris dispersal (well established, more recent and no settlement) and investigated the temporal development of the ecosystem engineering impacts on different faunal groups (earthworms, enchytraeids and nematodes) and soil porosity. The faunal re- sponses were examined both at L. terrestris midden scale (individual living site) and field scale. We found that L. terrestris middens sustained elevated densities of all three faunal groups. In the case of earth- worms, there was evidence for temporal development of the engineering impact as the difference be- tween the midden and non-midden areas was more pronounced in the well-established areas than close to the leading edge of dispersal. The earthworm community composition was not altered at L. terrestris midden sites. The settlement of L. terrestris had no discernible effects on field-scale earthworm and nematode abundances, but enchytraeids were practically absent beyond the leading edge of the dispersal. This effect might, however, be partly explained by a gradient of increasing clay content. Soil macroporosity at L. terrestris midden sites did not increase with the age of L. terrestris settlement. Our results suggest that L. terrestris settlement in a clay soil can significantly increase the spatial patchiness of soil fauna, but may not, except in the case of enchytraeids, affect their field-scale abundances or the macroporosity of the soil in the vicinity of L. terrestris living sites.
- Published
- 2017
33. Generation of ribosome imprinted polymers for sensitive detection of translational responses
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Adeola Fowotade, Valentina Iadevaia, André P. Gerber, Helen A. King, Ana M. Matia-González, Hazim F. EL-Sharif, and Subrayal M. Reddy
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0301 basic medicine ,Science ,F100 ,C110 ,F200 ,C431 ,Biology ,Cell Fractionation ,Ribosome ,Article ,Cell Line ,Transcriptome ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Protein biosynthesis ,Animals ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Molecular Biology ,F180 ,Ribonucleoprotein ,Messenger RNA ,Multidisciplinary ,Molecularly imprinted polymer ,RNA ,H811 ,C400 ,Molecular biology ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Proteome ,Medicine ,Ribosomes - Abstract
Whilst the profiling of the transcriptome and proteome even of single-cells becomes feasible, the analysis of the translatome, which refers to all messenger RNAs (mRNAs) engaged with ribosomes for protein synthesis, is still an elaborate procedure requiring millions of cells. Herein, we report the generation and use of “smart materials”, namely molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to facilitate the isolation of ribosomes and translated mRNAs from merely 1,000 cells. In particular, we show that a hydrogel-based ribosome imprinted polymer could recover ribosomes and associated mRNAs from human, simian and mice cellular extracts, but did not selectively enrich yeast ribosomes, thereby demonstrating selectivity. Furthermore, ribosome imprinted polymers enabled the sensitive measurement of an mRNA translational regulatory event, requiring 1,000-fold less cells than current methodologies. These results provide first evidence for the suitability of MIPs to selectively recover ribonucleoprotein complexes such as ribosomes, founding a novel means for sensitive detection of gene regulation.
- Published
- 2017
34. PAX4 Enhances Beta-Cell Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Peter W. Andrews, Karen E. Cosgrove, Cheen Peen Khoo, Sarah J. Briston, RM Shepherd, Mark J. Dunne, Nadia Nisa Shah, Harry Moore, and Chee Gee Liew
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Cell type ,C131 ,C130 ,Cellular differentiation ,Cell Biology/Developmental Molecular Mechanisms ,C110 ,C410 ,lcsh:Medicine ,Embryoid body ,Germ layer ,Biology ,Transfection ,Cell Line ,Islets of Langerhans ,Humans ,Paired Box Transcription Factors ,Calcium Signaling ,RNA, Messenger ,lcsh:Science ,Embryonic Stem Cells ,Cell Biology/Gene Expression ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Multidisciplinary ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,C141 ,C100 ,lcsh:R ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Cell sorting ,Flow Cytometry ,Immunohistochemistry ,Embryonic stem cell ,Molecular biology ,Up-Regulation ,Cell biology ,Cell culture ,embryonic structures ,PAX4 ,lcsh:Q ,Calcium Channels ,Ion Channel Gating ,Research Article - Abstract
Background\ud \ud Human embryonic stem cells (HESC) readily differentiate into an apparently haphazard array of cell types, corresponding to all three germ layers, when their culture conditions are altered, for example by growth in suspension as aggregates known as embryoid bodies (EBs). However, this diversity of differentiation means that the efficiency of producing any one particular cell type is inevitably low. Although pancreatic differentiation has been reported from HESC, practicable applications for the use of β-cells derived from HESC to treat diabetes will only be possible once techniques are developed to promote efficient differentiation along the pancreatic lineages.\ud \ud \ud Methods and Findings\ud \ud Here, we have tested whether the transcription factor, Pax4 can be used to drive the differentiation of HESC to a β-cell fate in vitro. We constitutively over-expressed Pax4 in HESCs by stable transfection, and used Q-PCR analysis, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, Ca2+ microfluorimetry and cell imaging to assess the role of Pax4 in the differentiation and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis of β-cells developing in embryoid bodies produced from such HESC. Cells expressing key β-cell markers were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining for high zinc content using the vital dye, Newport Green.\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud Constitutive expression of Pax4 in HESC substantially enhances their propensity to form putative β-cells. Our findings provide a novel foundation to study the mechanism of pancreatic β-cells differentiation during early human development and to help evaluate strategies for the generation of purified β-cells for future clinical applications
- Published
- 2008
35. Polymorphism in Hawkmoth caterpillars - an ecological and biochemical study of crypsis in Smerinthus Ocellata (L.) and Laothoe Populi (L.)
- Author
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Grayson, Joy C.
- Subjects
fungi ,C110 - Abstract
Extensive field surveys in Lancashire and Merseyside have shown that for both Smerinthus ocellata (the eyed hawkmoth) and Laothoe populi (the poplar hawkmoth) there is a correlation between larval and foodplant coloration. For L. populi, experiments have shown that foodplant determines the colour of full grown caterpillars. Siblings reared on Salix fragilis L. (which has green leaves) became yellow-green, intermediate-green or dull-green whereas those reared on Populus alba L. became either white or green. Further experiments have shown that reflected light intensity may be the vital cue which determines whether a caterpillar becomes white or green. Thus for this species. the polymorphism is environmentally rather than genetically determined. However, the genetic background appears to have some effect on the proportion of dull-green and intermediate-green morphs in broods. For S. ocellata, both laboratory and field experiments have shown that the coloration of caterpillars is also determined by some environmental factors related to light. There is no simple genetic or nutritional control of larval colour in this species.\ud Pigment extraction and analysis have shown that the proportions of different carotenoids in the main foodplants are very similar, as are the chlorophyll a to b ratios and carotenoid to chlorophyll ratios. The principal carotenoid in the food of both species of caterpillar, lutein, is sequestered by the insects in the integument and contributes to the animal's coloration. Cis-lutein is also present in small quantities in the integuments of both L. populi and S. ocellata caterpillars. Yellow-green L. populi larvae contain more lutein in the integument than dull-green morphs and in white caterpillars this carotenoid is barely\ud detectable.\ud Field predation experiments indicated that white caterpillars of L. populi are at a selective advantage compared with yellow-green morphs on the white undersurface of P. alba leaves. However, both white and green morphs suffered similar predation on S. fragilis bushes.
36. Une étude empirique de la mobilité professionnelle avec employeurs et employés hétérogènes
- Author
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Horny, Guillaume, Mendes, Rute, and van den Berg, Gerard J.
- Published
- 2008
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