96 results on '"C.H. Lai"'
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2. Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the difficulty and outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic major liver resections for colorectal liver metastases: A propensity-score and coarsened exact-matched controlled study
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Jacob Ghotbi, Davit Aghayan, Åsmund Fretland, Bjørn Edwin, Nicholas L. Syn, Federica Cipriani, Mohammed Alzoubi, Chetana Lim, Olivier Scatton, Tran Cong duy Long, Paulo Herman, Fabricio Ferreira Coelho, Marco V. Marino, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Adrian K.H. Chiow, Iswanto Sucandy, Arpad Ivanecz, Sung-Hoon Choi, Jae Hoon Lee, Mikel Prieto, Marco Vivarelli, Felice Giuliante, Andrea Ruzzenente, Chee-Chien Yong, Mengqiu Yin, Constantino Fondevila, Mikhail Efanov, Zenichi Morise, Fabrizio Di Benedetto, Raffaele Brustia, Raffaele Dalla Valle, Ugo Boggi, David Geller, Andrea Belli, Riccardo Memeo, Alejandro Mejia, James O. Park, Fernando Rotellar, Gi-Hong Choi, Ricardo Robles-Campos, Xiaoying Wang, Robert P. Sutcliffe, Johann Pratschke, Chung-Ngai Tang, Charing C.N. Chong, Mathieu D'Hondt, Kazuteru Monden, Santiago Lopez-Ben, T. Peter Kingham, Alessandro Ferrero, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Giovanni Battista Levi Sandri, Franco Pascual, Daniel Cherqui, Xiao Liang, Alessandro Mazzotta, Go Wakabayashi, Mariano Giglio, Roberto I. Troisi, Ho-Seong Han, Tan-To Cheung, Atsushi Sugioka, Kuo-Hsin Chen, Rong Liu, Olivier Soubrane, David Fuks, Luca Aldrighetti, Mohammad Abu Hilal, Brian K.P. Goh, Mikel Gastaca, Juul Meurs, Celine De Meyere, Kit-Fai Lee, Kelvin K. Ng, Diana Salimgereeva, Ruslan Alikhanov, Lip-Seng Lee, Jae Young Jang, Yutaro Kato, Masayuki Kojima, Jaime Arthur Pirola Kruger, Victor Lopez-Lopez, Margarida Casellas I Robert, Roberto Montalti, Boram Lee, Mizelle D'Silva, Hao-Ping Wang, Mansour Saleh, Zewei Chen, Shian Yu, Simone Vani, Francesco Ardito, Ugo Giustizieri, Davide Citterio, Federico Mocchegiani, Marco Colasanti, Yoelimar Guzmán, Kevin P. Labadie, Maria Conticchio, Epameinondas Dogeas, Emanuele F. Kauffmann, Mario Giuffrida, Daniele Sommacale, Alexis Laurent, Paolo Magistri, Phan Phuoc Nghia, Kohei Mishima, Bernardo Dalla Valle, Felix Krenzien, Moritz Schmelzle, Prashant Kadam, Qu Liu, Eric C.H. Lai, Junhao Zheng, Tiing Foong Siow, and Fabio Forchino
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Robotic liver resections ,Oncology ,Laparoscopic liver resections ,Major resections ,Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE ,Surgery ,General Medicine ,Difficulty ,Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Published
- 2023
3. Impact of body mass index on the difficulty and outcomes of laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy
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Zewei Chen, Mengqiu Yin, Junhao Fu, Shian Yu, Nicholas L. Syn, Darren W. Chua, T. Peter Kingham, Wanguang Zhang, Tijs J. Hoogteijling, Davit L. Aghayan, Tiing Foong Siow, Olivier Scatton, Paulo Herman, Marco V. Marino, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Adrian K.H. Chiow, Iswanto Sucandy, Arpad Ivanecz, Sung Hoon Choi, Jae Hoon Lee, Mikel Prieto, Marco Vivarelli, Felice Giuliante, Andrea Ruzzenente, Chee-Chien Yong, Safi Dokmak, Constantino Fondevila, Mikhail Efanov, Zenichi Morise, Fabrizio Di Benedetto, Raffaele Brustia, Raffaele Dalla Valle, Ugo Boggi, David Geller, Andrea Belli, Riccardo Memeo, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Alejandro Mejia, James O. Park, Fernando Rotellar, Gi-Hong Choi, Ricardo Robles-Campos, Xiaoying Wang, Robert P. Sutcliffe, Johann Pratschke, Eric C.H. Lai, Charing C.N. Chong, Mathieu D'Hondt, Kazuteru Monden, Santiago Lopez-Ben, Qu Liu, Rong Liu, Alessandro Ferrero, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Federica Cipriani, Daniel Cherqui, Xiao Liang, Olivier Soubrane, Go Wakabayashi, Roberto I. Troisi, Tan-To Cheung, Yutaro Kato, Atsushi Sugioka, Ho-Seong Han, Tran Cong duy Long, David Fuks, Mohammad Abu Hilal, Luca Aldrighetti, Kuo-Hsin Chen, Bjørn Edwin, Brian K.P. Goh, Mikel Gastaca, Juul Meurs, Celine De Meyere, Kit-Fai Lee, Kelvin K. Ng, Diana Salimgereeva, Ruslan Alikhanov, Lip-Seng Lee, Jae-Young Jang, Masayuki Kojima, Jaime Arthur Pirola Kruger, Fabricio Ferreira Coelho, Victor Lopez-Lopez, Margarida Casellas I Robert, Roberto Montalti, Mariano Giglio, Mizelle D'Silva, Boram Lee, Hao-Ping Wang, Franco Pascual, Mansour Saleh, Simone Vani, Francesco Ardito, Ugo Giustizieri, Davide Citterio, Federico Mocchegiani, Giammauro Berardi, Marco Colasanti, Yoelimar Guzmán, Kevin P. Labadie, Maria Conticchio, Epameinondas Dogeas, Emanuele F. Kauffmann, Mario Giuffrida, Daniele Sommacale, Alexis Laurent, Paolo Magistri, Kohei Mishima, Moritz Schmelzle, Felix Krenzien, Prashant Kadam, Jacob Ghotbi, Åsmund Avdem Fretland, Fabio Forchino, Alessandro Mazzotta, Francois Cauchy, Chetana Lim, Bernardo Dalla Valle, Junhao Zheng, Phan Phuoc Nghia, and Graduate School
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Minimally-invasive liver ,Oncology ,Left lateral sectionectomy ,Laparoscopic hepatectomy ,Laparoscopic liver ,Minimally-invasive hepatectomy ,Surgery ,General Medicine ,Body mass index - Abstract
Introduction: Currently, the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) is poorly defined. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of BMI on the peri-operative outcomes following laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (L-LLS). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2183 patients who underwent pure L-LLS at 59 international centers between 2004 and 2021 was performed. Associations between BMI and selected peri-operative outcomes were analyzed using restricted cubic splines. Results: A BMI of >27kg/m2 was associated with increased in blood loss (Mean difference (MD) 21 mls, 95% CI 5–36), open conversions (Relative risk (RR) 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.25), operative time (MD 11 min, 95% CI 6–16), use of Pringles maneuver (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.26) and reductions in length of stay (MD -0.2 days, 95% CI -0.3 to −0.1). The magnitude of these differences increased with each unit increase in BMI. However, there was a “U” shaped association between BMI and morbidity with the highest complication rates observed in underweight and obese patients. Conclusion: Increasing BMI resulted in increasing difficulty of L-LLS. Consideration should be given to its incorporation in future difficulty scoring systems in laparoscopic liver resections.
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- 2023
4. Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction
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Eric C.H. Lai and Chung Ngai Tang
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cholangiocarcinoma ,hepaticojejunostomy ,jaundice ,pancreatic cancer ,robot ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Introduction: To report our experience in palliative hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction by means of robotic approach Methods: Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction was performed in nine patients from May 2009 to April 2014. Results: During the study period, robotic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction was completed successfully in nine patients. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and double (hepaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy) bypass were performed in five and four patients, respectively. The mean operating time was 212.8 minutes. The mean blood loss was 38.7 mL. The overall complication rate was 22.2%. Bile leak complication occurred in one patient only. There was no procedure-related mortality. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13.3 days. Five patients received palliative systemic chemotherapy after bypass surgery. The mean survival time was 11.1 months. During follow up, only three patients with cholangiocarcinoma had recurrent biliary obstruction after end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy due to tumor progression, and needed percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Among these nine patients, there were a total of eight episodes of readmission in four patients due to tumor-related symptoms or complications. Conclusions: Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction had a low complication rate and was associated with an improved quality of life.
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- 2015
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5. Diagnostic difficulties and treatment strategy of hepatic angiomyolipoma
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Wei-Gao Hu, Eric C.H. Lai, Hui Liu, Ai-Jun Li, Wei-Ping Zhou, Si-Yuan Fu, Ze-Ya Pan, Gang Huang, Yin Lei, Wan Yee Lau, and Meng-Chao Wu
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hepatectomy ,hepatic angiomyolipoma ,imaging ,liver neoplasm ,pathology ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Objective: Based on a large series of histopathologically confirmed hepatic angiomyolipomas, we retrospectively studied the typical diagnostic features of hepatic angiomyolipoma and proposed a treatment strategy for this disease. Materials and methods: From December 1997 to December 2007, 74 consecutive patients who received definitive treatment for hepatic angiomyolipoma, at a single tertiary center, were studied. Results: There was a marked female predominance (54 females vs. 20 males) and the mean age was 42 years. Forty patients had no symptoms and the tumors were detected incidentally during a medical check-up. From this study, we proposed the typical diagnostic features of hepatic angiomyolipoma to be the absence of risk factors for malignancy, normal tumor marker levels, and typical imaging features on ultrasound (USG), abdominal contrast computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Only 23% of patients could have been diagnosed before surgery using these features. One patient (1.4%) had a malignant angiomyolipoma, and died with distant metastases 14 months after surgery. After a median follow-up of 64 months, there was no recurrence in the other 73 patients. Conclusion: Patients with typical diagnostic features suggestive of hepatic angiomyolipoma could be observed with regular surveillance. Definitive treatment should be performed when the tumor has symptoms/complications, when the tumor is enlarging, or when a malignant lesion cannot be ruled out.
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- 2011
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6. Vitamin Analogues in Chemoprevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection or Ablation—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Kai-Jian Chu, Eric C.H. Lai, Xiao-Ping Yao, Hong-Wei Zhang, Wan Yee Lau, Xiao-Hui Fu, Chong-De Lu, Jie Shi, and Shu-Qun Cheng
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chemoprevention ,hepatectomy ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,vitamin A ,vitamin K ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
While hepatic resection or local ablative therapy may provide a potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), more than half of these patients develop recurrent HCC within 5 years after treatment. Thus identification of any therapy which can decrease or delay the incidence of recurrence will improve the results of treatment. However, no chemopreventive agent has been approved for HCC. Methods: A MEDLINE database, Embase, Cancerlit (National Cancer Institute), and CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database) search from 1990 to 2009 was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords “hepatocellular carcinoma,” “vitamin analogue,” and “chemoprevention.” Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. The fixed effect model was used for a meta-analysis. Results: Oral administration of acyclic retinoids (vitamin A analogue), and menatetrenone (vitamin K2 analogue) have been tested as chemopreventive agents after hepatic resection or local ablative therapy for HCC. There were one and four randomised, controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the efficacy of polyprenoic acid and menatetrenone, respectively. All studies were conducted in Japan. One RCT showed the preventive effect of polyprenoic acid in lowering the incidence of HCC recurrence after hepatic resection or percutaneous ethanol injection, and this effect lasted up to 199 weeks after randomization (or 151 weeks after completion of retinoid administration). Four RCTs evaluated the preventive efficacy of menatetrenone on HCC recurrence after hepatic resection or local ablative therapy. The results of three studies, as well as the meta-analysis of all four studies, showed significantly better tumour recurrencefree survival. The beneficial effect on the overall survival was less definite. Conclusion: There is evidence to suggest that chemopreventive therapy after partial hepatectomy or local ablative therapy is beneficial in prolonging disease-free survival, but the evidence is less for an effect on the overall survival. To confirm the beneficial role of vitamin A or K analogues in the chemoprevention of HCC further and larger randomised trials are now required.
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- 2010
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7. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumours of the Spleen and Liver
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Huan-Wei Chen, Eric C.H. Lai, Xiao-Jun Huang, Feng-Nan Chen, Rui-Liang Lu, Ai-Zhen Pan, and Wan-Yee Lau
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hepatectomy ,inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour ,liver neoplasm ,splenectomy ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare neoplasm. Generally, these lesions have a benign behaviour, but the possibility of malignant transformation exists. We report the rare case of a 43-year-old woman with metachronous IMTs in the spleen and the liver. The patient was treated with laparoscopic splenectomy and partial hepatectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully. This case emphasizes the difficulties in diagnosis and the possibility of a metachronous occurrence.
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- 2008
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8. Concomitant Bouveret's syndrome and biliary obstruction: A tailored treatment approach for an elderly patient
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Aidan K.Y. Ung and Eric C.H. Lai
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Surgery - Published
- 2022
9. Adult Choledochal Cyst
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Kit Fai Lee, Eric C.H. Lai, and Paul B.S. Lai
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choledochal cyst ,adult ,excision ,malignancy ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Choledochal cyst is a rare disease in adults. Excellent results have been achieved with proper management. However, malignancy complicating choledochal cyst still carries a dismal prognosis despite radical surgery. The aim of this study was to review the clinical course and operative results of the disease in adulthood, with emphasis on the occurrence of malignancy. Methods: A retrospective review of adult patients who underwent surgery for choledochal cysts in a 12-year period was performed. Results: Of the 25 adults, 80% were female and the median age was 30 years. A total of 32% of patients had previous drainage procedures for their choledochal cyst disease. Malignancy was noted in five patients (20%). There were significantly more males among the patients with malignancy than among those with benign disease (60% vs 10%), a greater number of older patients (median age, 39 vs 27 years) and more impaired liver function tests, but there was no difference in terms of incidence of previous drainage procedures between the two groups. There was no operative mortality; operative morbidity was 36%. No significant long-term complications were noted in the benign group but three of the five patients with malignancy died or developed recurrence within a few months after surgery. Conclusion: The prognosis for patients with malignancy complicating choledochal cyst remains poor despite aggressive radical surgery such as Whipple's operation or additional hepatectomy. Malignancy should be suspected in older and male patients who present with jaundice or impaired liver function tests. Total cyst excision and hepaticojejunostomy is an effective and safe treatment for patients with the common type I choledochal cyst in order to reduce the chance of subsequent development of malignancy.
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- 2005
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10. Concentration of vitamins in the 13 feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets
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Y. F. Chen, F. L. Wang, Chengfei Huang, C.H. Lai, and Liu Liu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Meal ,Bran ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Soybean meal ,food and beverages ,Biology ,Gluten ,Distillers grains ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sunflower seed ,Corn gluten meal ,Cottonseed meal - Abstract
The concentration of vitamins was determined in 143 samples of 13 feed ingredients commonly used in pig diets. The ingredients included corn and four corn co-products (corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn gluten meal, corn germ meal and corn gluten feed), wheat and two wheat co-products (wheat bran and wheat shorts), and five oilseed meals (soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, sunflower seed meal and cottonseed meal). For corn and corn co-products, the content of β-carotene in corn gluten meal (11.10 mg/kg) was much greater than that in corn (1.62 mg/kg) and other corn products (2.16, 0.36 or 0.56 mg/kg, P
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- 2019
11. Comparison of regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating ileal and total tract endogenous losses and digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs
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Bingbing Huang, Qile Hu, Tianzeng Gao, Zhiqian Lyu, Junyan Zhou, Li Wang, C.H. Lai, Lee J Johnston, Lu Wang, and Xiaoxiao Liang
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food.ingredient ,Sucrose ,Swine ,Ileum ,Endogeny ,Non Ruminant Nutrition ,Soybean oil ,03 medical and health sciences ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Soy protein ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Chemistry ,Fatty Acids ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Sugar beet ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Digestion ,Soybeans ,CHROMIC OXIDE ,Food Science - Abstract
An experiment was conducted to 1) compare the regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating total or basal endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) and true digestibility (TD) or standardized digestibility (SD) of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs and 2) compare these estimated values at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract. Ten barrows (initial body weight: 45.1 ± 2.8 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum, and allotted to 1 of 5 experimental diets in a 3-period Youden Square design. A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch, soy protein isolate and sucrose. Four oil-added diets were formulated by adding 4 levels of soybean oil (2, 4, 6 and 8%) to the fat-free basal diet at the expense of cornstarch. All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide. Results indicated that here were no differences between true ileal digestibility (TID) of fat and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat when pigs were fed soybean oil. The TID of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids were greater than TTTD (P < 0.05). The total ELF at the end of the ileum was not different from that over the entire intestinal tract. In addition, total endogenous losses of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids were greater for the entire intestinal tract than at the end of the ileum, whereas total endogenous losses of C18:2 and total unsaturated fatty acids were just the opposite. Similar results were observed for basal ELF and ELFA. As inclusion level of soybean oil increased, apparent digestibility of fat and fatty acids increased linearly (P < 0.05) except for apparent ileal digestibility of C18:0. However, SD of fat and fatty acids were not influenced by inclusion level of soybean oil. Estimation of ELF and ELFA observed by the regression and fat-free diet methods did not differ when measured at the end of the ileal or total tract. There were no differences between estimations of TD and SD of fat and fatty acids for soybean oil. Collectively, estimation of TD or SD of fat can be measured over the entire intestinal tract, whereas the ileal analysis method should be used to determine the ELF, ELFA and TD or SD of fatty acids. Correcting apparent digestibility for basal ELF and ELFA can accurately estimate SD values of fat and fatty acids.
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- 2020
12. Adaptation duration for net energy determination of high fiber diets in growing pigs
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C.H. Lai, Zhiqian Lyu, Chengfei Huang, Yakui Li, Peng Li, Hu Liu, D. F. Li, and Y. F. Chen
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0301 basic medicine ,Meal ,biology ,Chemistry ,Soybean meal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal science ,Nutrient ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Sugar beet ,Amylase ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the optimal adaptation duration of growing pigs to high fiber diets for net energy (NE) determination and the effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism using indirect calorimetry. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW: 36.1 ± 3.1 kg) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 3 dietary treatments. The 3 experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 2 test diets formulated to contain either 220 g/kg sugar beet pulp or 200 g/kg soybean hulls at the expense of corn, soybean meal and amino acid (AA) in the basal diet. The experiment was conducted in 3 consecutive 28-d periods consisting of a 7-d preliminary period followed by a 21-d heat production (HP) measurement period, and the HP measurement period was artificially divided into 4 adaptation duration (collection periods) of 5 d (from d 8 to d 12, d 13 to d 17, d 18 to d 22, d 23 to d 27) in order to calculate DE, ME and NE values and digestibility coefficients of nutrients within each collection period and pig. Pigs required to be adapted to the three diets for these many days before they could finish the daily feed allowance. Indeed, pigs needed 7, 12 and 10 days finishing eating the basal, sugar beet pulp and soybean hulls diet, respectively. The coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM), total dietary fiber (TDF), neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed inclusive of residual ash (aNDF), ether extract (EE) and organic matter (OM) were not significantly changed with adaptation duration for respective diets. Nitrogen retention was increased (P
- Published
- 2018
13. Concentration of metabolizable energy and digestibility of amino acids in Chinese produced dehulled double-low rapeseed expellers and non-dehulled double-low rapeseed co-products fed to growing-finishing pigs
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Peng Li, Liu Liu, Zhiqian Lyu, C.H. Lai, Y. F. Chen, S.B. Yu, F. Wu, and Bingbing Huang
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0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Meal ,Rapeseed ,Soybean meal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Phenylalanine ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Latin square ,Valine ,Botany ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine and compare the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and the coefficients of standardized ileal digestibility (CSID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in two sources of dehulled rapeseed expellers (RSE-DH1 and RSE-DH2), conventional rapeseed expellers (RSE-CV), cold-pressed rapeseed expellers (RSE-CP) and rapeseed meal (RSM) produced by Chinese double-low rapeseed fed to growing-finishing pigs. In experiment 1, 36 growing pigs [initial body weight (BW): 37.7 ?? 4.8 kg] were randomly allotted to one of six diets (n = 6) including a corn-soybean meal basal diet and five rapeseed co-product test diets. The test diets contained 194.8 g/kg each of the five double-low rapeseed co-products added at the expense of corn and soybean meal in the basal diet. In experiment 2, six growing barrows (initial BW: 69.4 ?? 4.4 kg) fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a 6 ?? 6 Latin square design with 6 periods and 6 diets. Diets included one N-free diet and five test diets which contained 400 g/kg RSE or RSM as the only source of CP and AA. On an as fed basis, dehulled RSE samples (RSE-DH1 and RSE-DH2) contained the lowest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber among rapeseed co-product samples. Dehulled RSE samples had greater lysine concentration than non-dehulled RSE and RSM. The coefficient of apparent total tract ileal digestibility (CATTD) of gross energy (GE) in RSE-DH1 (0.822) was greater ( P 0.05) than that in RSE-CV (0.700) and RSM (0.655), but the CATTD of GE did not differ among RSE-DH1, RSE-DH2 (0.782) and RSE-CP (0.722). On an as-fed basis, the ME value was greater ( P 0.05) in dehulled RSE (14.5 MJ/kg) than RSE-CV (12.2 MJ/kg) and RSM (10.4 MJ/kg). The RSE-DH1 (9.72 MJ/kg) and RSE-DH2 (9.33 MJ/kg) contained greater ( P 0.05) calculated net energy value than RSE-CP (8.03 MJ/kg), RSE-CV (7.84 MJ/kg) and RSM (5.66 MJ/kg). With the exception of phenylalanine and valine, the CSID of CP and all AA in dehulled RSE was greater ( P 0.05) than that in RSE-CV and RSM. The CSID of CP and most of AA in RSE-DH1 was greater ( P 0.05) than that in RSE-CP. In conclusion, compared with non-dehulled rapeseed co-products, dehulled double-low rapeseed expellers may be a better energy and protein source for pigs considering its greater ME value and CSID of AA.
- Published
- 2017
14. Concentration of available energy and digestibility of amino acids in extruded and pelleted defatted rice bran fed to growing pigs
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C.H. Lai, Lu. Wang, Bingbing Huang, Zhiqian Lyu, Li. Wang, and D. F. Li
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Meal ,Bran ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Soybean meal ,food and beverages ,Collection period ,Large white ,Amino acid ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Feces - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in extruded defatted rice bran and pelleted defatted rice bran, and to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in two types of defatted rice bran (DFRB) fed to growing pigs. Extruded DFRB is the rice bran co-product remaining after oil is removed by steam pressing and extracting whereas pelleted DFRB is produced by pelleting and extracting. In experiment (Exp) 1, 30 barrows [Duroc × (Large White × Landrace)] with an initial body weight (BW) of 37.6 ± 4.4 kg were allotted to one of five diets (n = 5) including a corn-soybean meal basal diet and four DFRB test diets containing 292 g/kg of two types of DFRB replacing corn or soybean meal in one basal diet. Pigs were placed in metabolism crates for 7 days of adaptation followed by a 5-day total collection period of feces and urine to detect DE, ME and ATTD of GE in DFRB. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate CP and AA digestibility of DFRB. Six growing pigs (24.7 ± 5.2 kg BW) were allocated to 1 of 3 treatments. Diets included one N-free diet and two test diets which contained 600 g/kg extruded DFRB or pelleted DFRB as the only source of CP and AA. On a dry matter (DM) basis, extruded DFRB contained less fibrous compounds than pelleted DFRB. Except for cysteine, the concentration of AA was less in extruded DFRB than in pelleted DFRB. On an as-fed basis, ME contents in extruded DFRB were greater (P
- Published
- 2021
15. A 12 GHz wavelength spacing multi-wavelength laser source for wireless communication systems
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Run-Kai Shiu, J.I. Junior, C.H. Lai, T.L. Chang, Peng-Chun Peng, and Mekuanint Agegnehu Bitew
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Optical amplifier ,Physics ,Distributed feedback laser ,business.industry ,Single-mode optical fiber ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Wavelength ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Optics ,Polarization controller ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Laser power scaling ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Optical filter ,business ,Tunable laser - Abstract
This paper presents a multi-wavelength laser source with 12 GHz wavelength spacing based on a single distributed feedback laser. A light wave generated from the distributed feedback laser is fed into a frequency shifter loop consisting of 50:50 coupler, dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, optical amplifier, optical filter, and polarization controller. The frequency of the input wavelength is shifted and then re-injected into the frequency shifter loop. By re-injecting the shifted wavelengths multiple times, we have generated 84 optical carriers with 12 GHz wavelength spacing and stable output power. For each channel, two wavelengths are modulated by a wireless data using the phase modulator and transmitted through a 25 km single mode fiber. In contrast to previously developed schemes, the proposed laser source does not incur DC bias drift problem. Moreover, it is a good candidate for radio-over-fiber systems to support multiple users using a single distributed feedback laser.
- Published
- 2017
16. Effects of lipid form and source on digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs1
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Jiu-Feng Wang, Zhongchao Li, Y. B. Su, F. L. Wang, C.H. Lai, Liu Liu, D. F. Li, X.H. Bi, Qiuyun Wang, and Jinbiao Zhao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,food.ingredient ,Animal feed ,Linolenic acid ,Linoleic acid ,Soybean oil ,Palmitic acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food ,Genetics ,Bran ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Oleic acid ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Corn oil ,Food Science - Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of source (corn DDGS, rice bran, or soybean) or form of oil (extracted or intact) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) and fatty acids. The study determined and compared the ATTD or TTTD of AEE and fatty acids in extracted corn oil, rice oil, and soybean oil with intact oil in corn DDGS, full-fat rice bran, and full-fat soybean. Seventy-eight barrows (initial BW = 47.2 ± 3.9 kg; Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were allotted to 1 of 13 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 6 barrows in each dietary treatment. The 13 experimental diets included 1 cornstarch-soybean meal basal diet (AEE, 0.56%) and 3 diets containing 6% extracted oils (corn oil, rice oil, and soybean oil) and 9 diets supplemented with 3 levels of corn DDGS (17%, 34%, and 51%), full-fat rice bran (14%, 28%, and 42%), and full-fat soybean (12%, 24%, and 36%). These diets provided about 2%, 4%, and 6% intact oil, respectively. The barrows were housed in individual metabolism crates and were fed the assigned test diets at 4% of initial BW per day. A 5-d total collection of feces followed a 7-d diet adaptation period. The ATTD of AEE were calculated for each diet. The endogenous flow of AEE associated with each ingredient and values for TTTD were calculated using regression methods. The ATTD of AEE were greater ( < 0.05) for extracted oil than for intact oil. Compared to extracted oil, intact oil had lower ( < 0.01) ATTD of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). However, a source by form interaction ( < 0.01) was observed for ATTD of C18:0, C18:2, and C18:3. The ATTD of C18:0, C18:2, and C18:3 in extracted corn and rice oil were greater compared with intact corn DDGS and rice oil ( < 0.05), while there was no significant difference for the ATTD of C18:0, C18:2, and C18:3 between extracted soybean oil and intact oil in full-fat soybean. In conclusion, lipids that are extracted have a greater digestibility compared with intact lipids, and this is especially true regarding saturated fatty acids. The ATTD of AEE in 2 forms of rice oil (intact oil and extracted oil) was less than the values in corn oil and soybean oil. The TTTD of AEE in corn DDGS and full-fat soybeans were greater than in full-fat rice bran.
- Published
- 2017
17. ENGOT-ov43/keylynk-001: A phase III, placebo- and active-controlled trial of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy with olaparib maintenance for first-line treatment of advanced BRCA-nonmutated epithelial ovarian cancer
- Author
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R.L. Coleman, K. Fujiwara, J. Sehouli, V. Salutari, P. Zola, R. Madry, J. Korach, P. Pautier, D. Cibula, S. Lheureux, K. Hasegawa, B.G. Kim, C.H. Lai, A. Gonzalez-Martinez, Q. Liu, S. Keefe, M. Puglisi, S. Topuz, B.J. Monk, R.C. Arend, D.M. O'Malley, and I. Vergote
- Subjects
Oncology ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2020
18. Role of human papillomavirus status after conization for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
- Author
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C.H. Lai, H.J. Huang, H.J. Tung, L.Y. Yang, W.Y. Chang, C.C. Huang, A. Chao, and R.C. Wu
- Subjects
Oncology ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2020
19. P24 Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and augmented reality in persons with chronic stroke – A pilot study
- Author
-
C.H. Lai
- Subjects
Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine ,Augmented reality ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Chronic stroke ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2020
20. Energy content and amino acid digestibility of flaxseed expellers fed to growing pigs1
- Author
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C.H. Lai, Liu Liu, M. B. Lyu, F. L. Wang, Y. F. Chen, F. Wu, Peng Li, and Zhiqian Lyu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Meal ,Sucrose ,Soybean meal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Distal ileum ,Genetics ,Energy density ,Animal Science and Zoology ,CHROMIC OXIDE ,Completely randomized design ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in flaxseed expellers fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, the DE and ME were determined using 66 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 54.2 ± 2.3 kg BW) fed 1 of 11 diets in a completely randomized design. The diets included a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 10 experimental diets containing 29.16% flaxseed expellers supplemented at the expense of corn and soybean meal. In Exp. 2, 11 growing pigs (35.5 ± 3.4 kg), fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, were assigned to 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. The diets included a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 test diets containing 40% flaxseed expellers as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker. There was considerable variation in the chemical composition among the 10 flaxseed expellers. The CV were greater than 10% for ether extract (EE), NDF, ADF, crude fiber, and Ca and ranged from 7 to 12% for the AA. On a DM basis, the DE and ME ranged from 2,786 to 3,730 and from 2,588 to 3,530 kcal/kg, respectively. The apparent total tract digestibility of GE ranged from 59.91 to 75.83% (mean = 70.92%). Ether extract, GE, and NDF were the best predictors to determine DE and ME. The best prediction equations were DE = -3,231 + (1.58 × GE) - (25.79 × % NDF) ( = 0.90) or DE = 4,189 + (56.78 × % EE) - (30.59 × % NDF) ( = 0.85) and ME = -2,968 + (1.47 × GE) - (24.82 × % NDF) ( = 0.85) or ME = 3,931 + (53.77 × % EE) - (29.31 × % NDF) ( = 0.82), respectively. In Exp. 2, there were significant differences in the AID and SID of CP and all AA with the exception of Phe ( < 0.05). The AID and SID of CP averaged 70.16 and 78.04%, respectively. For the indispensable AA, the AID and SID of Thr were the least, with average values of 70.70 and 76.68%, respectively. The digestibility of Arg and Met were the greatest, averaging over 88 and 91% for AID and SID, respectively. The AID and SID of Lys ranged from 66.10 to 81.82% (mean = 74.14%) and from 70.90 to 85.41% (mean = 78.13%), respectively. These results indicate that there is significant variability in chemical composition, energy content, and the SID and AID of CP and AA among the selected flaxseed expellers. The DE and ME of flaxseed expellers are primarily related to their EE and NDF concentrations.
- Published
- 2016
21. Development and Validation of Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Double-Low Rapeseed Cake for Growing Pigs
- Author
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Defa Li, Qile Hu, Shou-Qing Ni, C.H. Lai, Jianjun Zang, Peili Li, and Lu Wang
- Subjects
Rapeseed ,prediction equation ,Veterinary medicine ,Soybean meal ,Randomized block design ,Body weight ,Article ,growing pig ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,metabolizable energy ,SF600-1100 ,Fiber ,Completely randomized design ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Meal ,caloric efficiency ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,double-low rapeseed cake ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,QL1-991 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Zoology - Abstract
The study was conducted to develop and validate an equation to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of double-low rapeseed cakes (DLRSC) for growing pigs based on their chemical compositions. In Experiment 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight 36.6 ± 4.1 kg) were allotted randomly to a completely randomized design with 11 diets. The diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet and 10 test diets containing 19.22% DLRSC supplemented at the expense of corn, soybean meal, and lysine. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude fiber (CF), and gross energy (GE) were the best predictors to determine ME. The best-fit prediction equation of ME (MJ/kg) was ME = 9.33 − 0.09 × NDF − 0.25 × CF + 0.59 × GE (R2 = 0.93). In Experiment 2, a total of 144 growing pigs (initial body weight 29.7 ± 2.7 kg), with six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment, were assigned randomly to four treatments in a completely randomized block design for a 28-day feeding trial. A corn–soybean meal basal diet was prepared, and three additional diets were formulated by adding 7%, 14%, and 21% DLRSC to the basal diet at the expense of soybean meal. All diets were formulated to provide equal standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys/ME ratio and SID essential amino acids/SID Lys ratio. Increasing dietary levels of DLRSC had no effect on average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio. The caloric efficiency of ME (31.83, 32.44, 31.95, and 32.69 MJ/kg, respectively) was not changed by increasing the dietary concentration of DLRSC. Increasing dietary levels of DLRSC linearly reduced (p <, 0.05) the concentrations of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine in serum, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of DM, GE, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and organic matter of the diet. In conclusion, the ME prediction equation obtained in Experiment 1 accurately estimates the ME value of DLRSC fed to growing pigs.
- Published
- 2021
22. Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction
- Author
-
C.H. Lai, Eric and Ngai Tang, Chung
- Subjects
Surgery - Abstract
To report our experience in palliative hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction by means of robotic approach Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction was performed in nine patients from May 2009 to April 2014. During the study period, robotic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction was completed successfully in nine patients. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and double (hepaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy) bypass were performed in five and four patients, respectively. The mean operating time was 212.8 minutes. The mean blood loss was 38.7 mL. The overall complication rate was 22.2%. Bile leak complication occurred in one patient only. There was no procedure-related mortality. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13.3 days. Five patients received palliative systemic chemotherapy after bypass surgery. The mean survival time was 11.1 months. During follow up, only three patients with cholangiocarcinoma had recurrent biliary obstruction after end-to-side hepaticojejunostomy due to tumor progression, and needed percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Among these nine patients, there were a total of eight episodes of readmission in four patients due to tumor-related symptoms or complications. Robot-assisted laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy for advanced malignant biliary obstruction had a low complication rate and was associated with an improved quality of life.
- Published
- 2017
23. Maturation of glutamatergic transmission in the vestibulo-olivary pathway impacts on the registration of head rotational signals in the brainstem of rats
- Author
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Chun-Wai Ma, Kelvin W.K. Yeung, Suk-King Lai, Lei Han, Daisy K.Y. Shum, C.H. Lai, Hoi-Man Wong, and YS Chan
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Histology ,Rotation ,Glutamic Acid ,Olivary Nucleus ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Biology ,Reticular formation ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,03 medical and health sciences ,Glutamatergic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Vestibular nuclei ,Neural Pathways ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Animals ,Neurons ,Vestibular system ,Prepositus hypoglossal nucleus ,Reticular Formation ,General Neuroscience ,Glutamate receptor ,Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ,Anatomy ,Vestibular Nuclei ,Semicircular Canals ,Rats ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,Vestibule, Labyrinth ,sense organs ,Brainstem ,Dizocilpine Maleate ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The recognition of head orientation in the adult involves multi-level integration of inputs within the central vestibular circuitry. How the different inputs are recruited during postnatal development remains unclear. We hypothesize that glutamatergic transmission at the vestibular nucleus contributes to developmental registration of head orientations along the vestibulo-olivary pathway. To investigate the maturation profile by which head rotational signals are registered in the brainstem, we used sinusoidal rotations on the orthogonal planes of the three pairs of semicircular canals. Fos expression was used as readout of neurons responsive to the rotational stimulus. Neurons in the vestibular nucleus and prepositus hypoglossal nucleus responded to all rotations as early as P4 and reached adult numbers by P21. In the reticular formation and inferior olive, neurons also responded to horizontal rotations as early as P4 but to vertical rotations not until P21 and P25, respectively. Neuronal subpopulations that distinguish between rotations activating the orthogonally oriented vertical canals were identifiable in the medial and spinal vestibular nuclei by P14 and in the inferior olivary subnuclei IOβ and IOK by P25. Neonatal perturbation of glutamate transmission in the vestibular nucleus was sufficient to derange formation of this distribution in the inferior olive. This is the first demonstration that developmental refinement of glutamatergic synapses in the central vestibular circuitry is essential for developmental registration of head rotational signals in the brainstem.
- Published
- 2014
24. Establishing the thermal threshold of the tropical mussel Perna viridis in the face of global warming
- Author
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C.H. Lai and B.P.L. Goh
- Subjects
Perna ,biology ,First line ,Global warming ,Temperature ,Mussel ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,Global Warming ,Pollution ,Tolerance limit ,Antioxidants ,Toxicology ,Thermal threshold ,Animal science ,Stress, Physiological ,Animals ,Clearance rate ,Biomarkers ,Glycogen ,Perna viridis - Abstract
With increasing recognition that maximum oxygen demand is the unifying limit in tolerance, the first line of thermal sensitivity is, as a corollary, due to capacity limitations at a high level of organisational complexity before individual, molecular or membrane functions become disturbed. In this study the tropical mussel Perna viridis were subjected to temperature change of 0.4 °C per hour from ambient to 8-36 °C. By comparing thermal mortality against biochemical indices (hsp70, gluthathione), physiological indices (glycogen, FRAP, NRRT) and behavioural indices (clearance rate), a hierarchy of thermal tolerance was therein elucidated, ranging from systemic to cellular to molecular levels. Generally, while biochemical indices indicated a stress signal much earlier than the more integrated behavioural indices, failure of the latter (indicating a tolerance limit and transition to pejus state) occurred much earlier than the other indices tending towards thermal extremities at both ends of the thermal spectrum.
- Published
- 2014
25. Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters in peripheral vestibular structures and vestibular nuclear complex of rat
- Author
-
Yu-Lin Dong, Mian Zhang, Fu-Xing Zhang, Yun-Qing Li, JL Li, C.H. Lai, Daisy K.Y. Shum, Ting Zhang, Y.W. Pang, and YS Chan
- Subjects
Male ,Medial vestibular nucleus ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Glutamic Acid ,Biology ,Synaptic vesicle ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Vestibular nuclei ,Vesicular Glutamate Transport Proteins ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Axon ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Neurons ,Vestibular system ,Afferent Pathways ,General Neuroscience ,Glutamate receptor ,Vestibular pathway ,Axotomy ,Vestibular Nuclei ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Vestibule, Labyrinth ,sense organs ,Hair cell ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Glutamate transmission from vestibular end organs to central vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) plays important role in transferring sensory information about head position and movements. Three isoforms of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) have been considered so far the most specific markers for glutamatergic neurons/cells. In this study, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 were immunohistochemically localized to axon terminals in VNC and somata of vestibular primary afferents in association with their central and peripheral axon endings, and VGLUT1 and VGLUT3 were co-localized to hair cells of otolith maculae and cristae ampullaris. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 defined three subsets of Scarpa's neurons (vestibular ganglionic neurons): those co-expressing VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 or expressing only VGLUT2, and those expressing neither. In addition, many neurons located in all vestibular subnuclei were observed to contain hybridized signals for VGLUT2 mRNA and a few VNC neurons, mostly scattered in medial vestibular nucleus (MVe), displayed VGLUT1 mRNA labelling. Following unilateral ganglionectomy, asymmetries of VGLUT1-immunoreactivity (ir) and VGLUT2-ir occurred between two VNCs, indicating that the VNC terminals containing VGLUT1 and/or VGLUT2 are partly of peripheral origin. The present data indicate that the constituent cells/neurons along the vestibular pathway selectively apply VGLUT isoforms to transport glutamate into synaptic vesicles for glutamate transmission.
- Published
- 2011
26. PO-0701: Survival-weight health profile in advanced oral cavity cancer patients
- Author
-
C.H. Lai and W.C. Chen
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cancer ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Health profile ,Hematology ,Oral cavity ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2018
27. Coexpression of GABABR1 and GABABR2 Receptor Subunits in the Rat Vestibular Nucleus
- Author
-
YS Chan, Kin Lam Yung, Daisy K.Y. Shum, C.H. Lai, and K. Y. Ng
- Subjects
Vestibular system ,Embryology ,Aging ,GABAA receptor ,General Neuroscience ,GABAB receptor ,Neurotransmission ,Biology ,Metabotropic receptor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Vestibular nuclei ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Neuropil ,medicine ,sense organs ,Receptor ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The expression patterns of the two subunits of the metabotropic GABAB receptor, GABABR1 and GABABR2, vary among various neural regions and their relative expression in the rat central vestibular system remains unknown. To identify the expression patterns of these two subunits of the metabotropic GABAB receptor in the vestibular nucleus of adult rats, double immunofluorescence experiments were performed. GABABR1 or GABABR2 immunoreactivity was observed in neurons and neuropilar elements of the vestibular nuclear complex and its subgroups x and y. These neurons were oval, multipolar, fusiform or triangular in shape. In contrast to other brain regions, individual neurons or neuropil within the various vestibular subnuclei and subgroups displayed comparable levels of GABABR1 and GABABR2 immunoreactivity. Double immunofluorescence experiments further demonstrated the coexpression of GABABR1 and GABABR2 receptor subunits in individual central vestibular neurons. The present findings provide histological evidence of the heterodimeric nature of GABAB receptors that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in the rat vestibular nuclei.
- Published
- 2008
28. Corticofugal modulation of acoustically induced Fos expression in the rat auditory pathway
- Author
-
Xia Sun, Qiang Xia, Jufang He, C.H. Lai, Daisy K.Y. Shum, and YS Chan
- Subjects
Male ,Inferior colliculus ,Auditory Pathways ,Thalamus ,Cell Count ,Biology ,Bicuculline ,Auditory cortex ,Functional Laterality ,Cochlear nucleus ,GABA Antagonists ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,medicine ,Animals ,Auditory Cortex ,Neurons ,Brain Mapping ,General Neuroscience ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted ,Medial geniculate body ,Immunohistochemistry ,Inferior Colliculi ,Rats ,Oncogene Proteins v-fos ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Superior olivary complex ,Tonotopy ,Neuroscience ,Nucleus - Abstract
To investigate the corticofugal modulation of acoustic information ascending through the auditory pathway of the rat, immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the functional expression of Fos protein in neurons. With auditory stimulation at different frequencies, Fos expression in the medial geniculate body (MGB), inferior colliculus (IC), superior olivary complex, and cochlear nucleus was examined, and the extent of Fos expression on the two sides was compared. Strikingly, we found densely Fos-labeled neurons in all divisions of the MGB after both presentation of an auditory stimulus and administration of a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) antagonist (bicuculline methobromide; BIM) to the auditory cortex. The location of Fos-labeled neurons in the ventral division (MGv) after acoustic stimulation at different frequencies was in agreement with the known tonotopic organization. That no Fos-labeled neurons were found in the MGv with acoustic stimuli alone suggests that the transmission of ascending thalamocortical information is critically governed by corticofugal modulation. The dorsal (DCIC) and external cortices (ECIC) of the IC ipsilateral to the BIM-injected cortex showed a significantly higher number of Fos-labeled neurons than the contralateral IC. However, no difference in the number of Fos-labeled neurons was found between the central nucleus of the IC on either side, indicating that direct corticofugal modulation occurs only in the ECIC and DCIC. Further investigations are needed to assess the functional implications of the morphological differences observed between the descending corticofugal projections to the thalamus and the IC.
- Published
- 2007
29. Effects of β-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, and immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide1
- Author
-
Z. B. Cheng, C.H. Lai, Jianjun Xing, Juntao Li, and Daoliang Li
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Somatotropic cell ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Medicine ,Lymphocyte proliferation ,Biology ,Beta-glucan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dose–response relationship ,Immune system ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Concanavalin A ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Saline ,Food Science - Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of beta-glucan supplementation on pig performance and immune function. In Exp. 1, 100 weaned pigs (8.65 +/- 0.42 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment to determine the effects of graded levels of beta-glucan. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments containing beta-glucan supplemented at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm. Each treatment was replicated using 5 pens containing 4 pigs per pen. The ADG of pigs between d 14 to 28 and d 0 to 28 responded to dietary beta-glucan in a quadratic fashion (P < 0.05), whereas beta-glucan had no effect on ADFI and G:F in any period. In Exp. 2, 80 crossbred pigs (8.23 +/- 0.56 kg of BW and 28 +/- 2 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment. Pigs were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan in the diet) using 10 pens with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs treated with beta-glucan had greater ADG in the 14- to 28-d (P = 0.05) and 0-to 28-d (P = 0.035) periods. The ADFI of pigs receiving beta-glucan was increased (P < 0.05) in the periods from 0 to 14, 0 to 28, and 28 to 35 d. The lymphocyte proliferation index in response to phytohemagglutinin (P = 0.051) and concanavalin A (P = 0.052) tended to decrease on d 14 in pigs supplemented with beta-glucan compared with pigs without supplementation. In Exp. 3, 24 barrows (8.89 +/- 0.20 kg of BW and 28 d of age) were used to investigate the immunological and somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial, with the main effects of LPS challenge (saline vs. LPS) and dietary addition of beta-glucan (0 vs. 50 ppm). Pigs were raised individually in metabolic cages. Pigs were fed 0 or 50 ppm of beta-glucan for 28 d and then challenged with LPS (25 microg/kg of BW) or saline. After LPS injection, blood was obtained at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 h to determine cytokine production and the somatotropic response. Dietary beta-glucan increased plasma interleukin-6 at 1.5, 3, and 4.5 h and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 3 and 4.5 h and increased plasma interleukin-10 from 3 to 7.5 h after LPS challenge. The beta-glucan treatments had no effect on growth hormone. In conclusion, beta-glucan can selectively influence performance and partially offer benefits on somatotropic axis and immune function in weaned piglets challenged with LPS.
- Published
- 2006
30. Spatial coding capacity of central otolith neurons
- Author
-
C.H. Lai, YS Chan, and Daisy K.Y. Shum
- Subjects
Neurons ,Vestibular system ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Glutamate receptor ,Vestibular pathway ,body regions ,Otolithic Membrane ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Vestibular nuclei ,Head Movements ,Orientation ,Space Perception ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Humans ,sense organs ,Neuron ,Brainstem ,Neuroscience ,Neurotrophin ,Otolith - Abstract
This review focuses on recent approaches to unravel the capacity of otolith-related brainstem neurons for coding head orientations. In the first section, the spatiotemporal features of central vestibular neurons in response to natural otolithic stimulation are reviewed. Experiments that reveal convergent inputs from bilateral vestibular end organs bear important implications on the processing of spatiotemporal signals and integration of head orientational signals within central otolith neurons. Another section covers the maturation profile of central otolith neurons in the recognition of spatial information. Postnatal changes in the distribution pattern of neuronal subpopulations that subserve the horizontal and vertical otolith systems are highlighted. Lastly, the expression pattern of glutamate receptor subunits and neurotrophin receptors in otolith-related neurons within the vestibular nuclear complex are reviewed in relation to the potential roles of these receptors in the development of vestibular function.
- Published
- 2006
31. Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Broilers Fed Low-protein Diets Supplemented with Various Ratios of Threonine to Lysine
- Author
-
Shiyan Qiao, Y.L. Liu, C.H. Lai, Limin Gong, Defa Li, and Y.X. Ma
- Subjects
Nutrient digestibility ,Low protein ,Triglyceride ,Lysine ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Starter ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Food science ,Threonine ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate performance, breast (thigh) muscle yield, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters of broilers fed low-protein diets supplemented with various threonine to lysine ratios (Thr/Lys). Three hundred and twenty four day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and nine broilers per replicate. Six treatments included one control diet (formulated according to NRC (1994)), and five experimental diets (treatments 1-5). In treatments 1-5, the crude protein level was 2% lower than that of the NRC control diet. The Thr/Lys in treatments 1- 5 was 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80 and 0.85 during the starter and grower phases and 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85 and 0.90 during the finisher phase with other nutrient levels kept consistent. The results showed that: (1) With increasing Thr/Lys, ADG of treatments 1, 3 and 4 were lower (p
- Published
- 2005
32. Effects of β-glucan obtained from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus and lipopolysaccharide challenge on performance, immunological, adrenal, and somatotropic responses of weanling pigs1
- Author
-
B L Shi, J J Xing, C.H. Lai, Defa Li, X F Mao, and Xianhua Piao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lipopolysaccharide ,medicine.drug_class ,Weanling ,General Medicine ,Lymphocyte proliferation ,Biology ,Beta-glucan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dose–response relationship ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Corticosteroid ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Food Science ,Glucan - Abstract
A total of 108 crossbred piglets (7.75 +/- 0.24 kg of BW) weaned at 28 d was used to study the interactive effects of beta-glucan obtained from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on performance, immunological, adrenal, and somatotropic responses of weaned pigs. The treatments were in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement; main effects were level of Astragalus membranaceus glucan (AMG; 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg; as-fed basis) and presence of immunological challenge (with or without LPS). The experiment included six replicate pens per treatment and three pigs per pen. Lipopolysaccharide challenges were conducted on d 7 and 21 of the trial. Blood samples were obtained from the vena cava from one pig per pen at 3 h after LPS challenge to determine plasma responses. Weight gain and feed:gain ratio were unaffected by glucan. However, there was a quadratic effect on feed intake (P < 0.05): pigs fed 500 mg of glucan/kg had the highest feed intake. Immunological challenge with LPS decreased weight gain (P = 0.02). An interaction (P = 0.01 to 0.09) between AMG and LPS was observed for glucose, IL-1beta, PGE2, and cortisol. Astragalus membranaceus glucan had a quadratic effect on the plasma concentrations of glucose, IL-1beta, PGE2, and cortisol (P < 0.05) after both LPS challenges. Plasma concentrations of glucose, IL-1beta, PGE2, and cortisol (P < 0.05) were all increased in LPS-challenged pigs compared with the control pigs after both LPS challenges. The IGF-I concentrations were less for LPS-challenged pigs than for unchallenged pigs. The lymphocyte proliferation response of peripheral blood induced by 5 microg of concanavalin A/mL (P < 0.01) and IL-2 bioactivity (P < 0.05) increased linearly with increasing addition of glucan. Pigs challenged with LPS had greater T-lymphocyte proliferation (P = 0.06) and IL-2 bioactivity (P = 0.07) than unchallenged pigs after the first immunological challenge but not after the second. In conclusion, although glucan did not improve pig performance under the conditions of the present experiment, when included at 500 mg/kg, it decreased the release of inflammatory cytokine and corticosteroid and improved the lymphocyte proliferation response of weanling piglets via enhanced IL-2 bioactivity.
- Published
- 2005
33. Receptor modeling of source contributions to atmospheric hydrocarbons in urban Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Author
-
Kang-Shin Chen, Yen-Ping Peng, Youn Min Chou, C.H. Lai, and Y. T. Ho
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Atmospheric Science ,Meteorology ,Air pollution ,Wind direction ,Combustion ,Atmospheric sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,Troposphere ,Hydrocarbon ,chemistry ,Sea breeze ,medicine ,Environmental science ,Volatile organic compound ,General Environmental Science ,Morning - Abstract
Data of 60 hydrocarbon species in C 2 –C 15 from previous measurements in Kaohsiung (Lai et al., 2004. Atmospheric Environment 38, 1997–2011) were analyzed by applying a chemical mass balance receptor model to determine the major source contributions to atmospheric hydrocarbons. Five major source groups were identified using factor analysis, and 11 source profiles were selected based on sensitivity test results to yield best model performance. Chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model analyses show that motor vehicle exhaust is the primary source of ambient hydrocarbons during the morning (07–10) and evening (18–21) periods corresponding to the rush hours, but drops in the afternoon non-rush-hour (13–16) period. Furthermore, industrial processes and/or organic solvents contribute most to ambient hydrocarbons during non-rush hours. Contributions from boiler combustion and sewage treatment tanks are always minor. Wind direction analyses reveal that a relatively clean sea breeze tends to reduce the afternoon hydrocarbon concentrations below those during any other period of the day.
- Published
- 2005
34. Abstracts for the 28th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society
- Author
-
YS Chan, C.H. Lai, and YC Tse
- Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure ,Orientation (mental) ,General Neuroscience ,Utricle ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2005
35. Topography of Inferior Olivary Neurons that Encode Canal and Otolith Inputs
- Author
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Daisy K.Y. Shum, Chun-Wai Ma, YS Chan, C.H. Lai, and Billy K. C. Chow
- Subjects
Neurons ,Vestibular system ,Semicircular canal ,Topographic map (neuroanatomy) ,Anatomy ,Olivary Nucleus ,Biology ,Rats ,Otolithic Membrane ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Vestibular nuclei ,Head Movements ,Utricle ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Inner ear ,sense organs ,Neurology (clinical) ,Nucleus ,Ear Canal ,Otolith - Abstract
Vestibular information arising from rotational head movement and that from translational head movement are detected respectively by the semicircular canal and otolith organ in the inner ear. Spatiotemporal cues are in turn processed by the vestibulo-olivo-cerebellar pathway for sensorimotor coordination, but the role of the inferior olive (IO) in this pathway remains unclear. To address whether rotational and translational movements are differentially represented in the IO, we studied the distribution pattern of IO neurons recruited into the circuitry following selective activation of receptor hair cells of the horizontal semicircular canal or the utricle in adult rats. Neurons in the beta nucleus of IO (IOβ) and dorso-medial cell column of IO were responsive to horizontal translation, but not rotation. Notably, otolith-related neurons were observable largely in the rostral IOβ. In contrast, the subnucleus A of IO (IOA), subnucleus C of IO (IOC), and dorsal cap of Kooy (IOK) were responsive to horizontal rotation, but not translation. In the IOA, these canal-related neurons were clustered in the medial portion of the subnucleus. In the IOC, canal-related neurons were skewed towards the rostral half. In the IOK, canal-related neurons were found throughout the subnucleus. These indicate that the distributions of canal- and otolith-related neurons encoding horizontal motions are clearly segregated in the IO. These discrete IO subnuclei therefore provide a topographic map for temporal and adaptive operations of sensorimotor coordination and spatial reference.
- Published
- 2013
36. Characteristics of C2–C15 hydrocarbons in the air of urban Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Author
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Y. T. Ho, Kang-Shin Chen, C.H. Lai, and Ming-Shean Chou
- Subjects
Alkane ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Atmospheric Science ,Environmental engineering ,Exhaust gas ,Butane ,Pentane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrocarbon ,chemistry ,Propane ,Environmental chemistry ,Benzene ,General Environmental Science ,Morning - Abstract
The concentrations of 71 hydrocarbons (HC) from C 2 to C 15 were measured simultaneously at two sites in Kaohsiung city in the morning (07–10), the afternoon (13–16), and the evening (18–21) on 14 days in spring 2003. A total of 84 3-h integrated air samples were collected using multibed stainless-steel thermal adsorption tubes and then analyzed using a GC/FID or a GC/ECD. The most abundant species of Kaohsiung's air is toluene (43.36–54.49 μg m −3 ), followed by i -pentane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, benzene, n -butane, propane and acetylene, in the range 10.36–17.11 μg m −3 . The concentrations of 14 halocarbons are in the range 0.25–4.57 μg m −3 . Alkanes (around 44.8%) represent the largest proportion of the total HC, followed by aromatics (35.1%), alkenes (15.5%) and halocarbons (5.4%). The afternoon HC concentrations are much lower than those in the morning and at night, due to relatively intense photochemical reaction and favorable dispersion conditions from noon to afternoon. Notable increases in daily HC concentrations are consistent with high temperature, and low HC concentrations on Sunday coincide with low traffic volume. Photochemical activity is investigated, and HC concentrations are found to decline as the NO 2 /NO x ratio increases. Correlation analyses imply that vehicle exhaust is the dominant source of atmospheric hydrocarbons in Kaohsiung.
- Published
- 2004
37. Toward Maturation of the Vestibular System: Neural Circuits and Neuronal Properties
- Author
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YS Chan, Yiu-Chung Tse, C.H. Lai, and Daisy K.Y. Shum
- Subjects
Vestibular system ,Embryology ,Aging ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Section (archaeology) ,General Neuroscience ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Biological neural network ,sense organs ,Biology ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
This review focuses on efforts to unravel conundrums on the development of the vestibular system. In the first section, maturation of the peripheral vestibular system and the involvement of transcription factors in the patterning of peripheral vestibular components are highlighted. Cell surface and matrix molecules have also been implicated in fasciculation and guidance of axons in the course of vestibular circuit formation. In rodents, the central vestibular neurons continue to develop after birth until they reach maturity in morphology and function. Sequential maturation of neuronal subpopulations within the developing network of the horizontal and vertical otolith systems is also presented. In another section, the expression pattern of glutamate receptor subunits within the developing vestibular nuclear complex is reviewed in relation to their potential role in regulating postnatal function of the vestibular system. Lastly, postnatal changes in the properties of vestibular nuclear neurons and their capability in coding head movement information appear to prime the development of vestibular-related motor functions.
- Published
- 2004
38. Trends in Concentration of Ground-Level Ozone and Meteorological Conditions during High Ozone Episodes in the Kao-Ping Airshed, Taiwan
- Author
-
Shui-Jen Chen, Y.T. Ho, C.H. Lai, Y.A. Tsai, and Kang-Shin Chen
- Subjects
Ozone ,Meteorological Concepts ,Ground Level Ozone ,Airshed ,Taiwan ,Temperature ,Nitrous oxide ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Seasonality ,High ozone ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oxidants, Photochemical ,chemistry ,Climatology ,medicine ,Environmental science ,Seasons ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Nitrogen oxides ,Environmental Monitoring ,Vehicle Emissions - Abstract
This work analyzes the variations in daily maximum 1-hr ozone (O3) concentrations and the long-term trends in annual means of hourly ambient concentrations of O3, nitrogen oxides (nitrous oxide + nitrogen dioxide), and nonmethane hydrocarbons in the three administrative regions of Kao-Ping airshed in southern Taiwan over a recent 8-yr period. The annual or monthly means of all maxima, most 95th percentiles, and some 90th percentiles of the daily maximum 1-hr O3 concentrations exceed the daily limit of 120 parts per billion by volume in all three regions, namely, Kao-hsiung City, Kso-hsiung County, and P'ing-tung County. The monthly means of daily maximum 1-hr O3 concentrations exhibit distinct seasonal variations, with a bimodal form with the maxima in autumn and late winter to the middle of spring and a minimum in summer. The long-term variations in the annual means of hourly O3 concentrations in the three regions exhibit increasing trends. These increases in O3 are associated with the decline in ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides and nonmethane hydrocarbons. High O3 episodes occur most often in autumn and most rarely in summer. The seasonal mean mixing heights in descending order follow the order of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Meteorological parameters in autumn and winter indicate that the ground-level O3 tends to accumulate and trigger a high O3 episode on a warm day with sufficient sunlight and low wind in a high-pressure system, consistent with the low mixing heights in these two seasons.
- Published
- 2004
39. Neurotrophin receptor immunostaining in the vestibular nuclei of rats
- Author
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C.H. Lai, F. X. Zhang, Daisy K.Y. Shum, YS Chan, Suk King Lai, and Kin Lam Yung
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuropil ,animal structures ,Blotting, Western ,Tropomyosin receptor kinase A ,Tropomyosin receptor kinase C ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Vestibular nuclei ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptor, trkB ,Receptor, trkC ,Superior vestibular nucleus ,Receptor, trkA ,Neurons ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Vestibular pathway ,Vestibular Nuclei ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Trk receptor ,biology.protein ,Female ,sense organs ,Neurotrophin - Abstract
The distribution of high-affinity neurotrophin receptors in cells of the vestibular nuclear complex and its subnuclei of adult rats was examined. We noted a high density of tyrosine kinase (Trk) A- and B- and a lower density of TrkC-immunostained cells. In particular, long, intensely labelled immunostained-TrkB fibres formed networks in the neuropil. Both TrkA- and TrkB-immunostained cells were widely distributed in the lateral, medial and spinal vestibular nuclei, and were less frequently seen in the superior vestibular nucleus, x and y subnuclei. However, immunostaining for TrkC was weak in many cells within the vestibular nuclei. The widespread and abundant neuronal distribution of Trk receptors predicts that their associated neurotrophins exert significant effects on individual cells within the vestibular nuclei.
- Published
- 2003
40. Photochemical modeling and analysis of meteorological parameters during ozone episodes in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Author
-
Youn Min Chou, C.H. Lai, Kang-Shin Chen, and Y. T. Ho
- Subjects
Sunlight ,Atmospheric Science ,Daytime ,Ozone ,Air pollution ,Photochemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,Troposphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Atmospheric chemistry ,medicine ,Environmental science ,Air quality index ,NOx ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The events of high ozone concentrations and meteorological conditions covering the Kaohsiung metropolitan area were investigated based on data analysis and model simulation. A photochemical grid model was employed to analyze two ozone episodes in autumn (2000) and winter (2001) seasons, each covering three consecutive days (or 72 h) in the Kaohsiung City. The potential influence of the initial and boundary conditions on model performance was assessed. Model performance can be improved by separately considering the daytime and nighttime ozone concentrations on the lateral boundary conditions of the model domain. The sensitivity analyses of ozone concentrations to the emission reductions in volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) show a VOC-sensitive regime for emission reductions to lower than 30–40% VOC and 30–50% NOx and a NOx-sensitive regime for larger percentage reductions. Meteorological parameters show that warm temperature, sufficient sunlight, low wind, and high surface pressure are distinct parameters that tend to trigger ozone episodes in polluted urban areas, like Kaohsiung.
- Published
- 2003
41. Response properties of Y group neurons to crossed otolith inputs in the cat
- Author
-
YS Chan, C.H. Lai, and Daisy K.Y. Shum
- Subjects
Rotation ,Biology ,Otolithic Membrane ,Orientation ,Physical Stimulation ,medicine ,Carnivora ,Animals ,Inner ear ,Clockwise ,Otolith ,Decerebrate State ,Neurons ,Vestibular system ,Constant velocity ,General Neuroscience ,Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ,Anatomy ,Decerebrate cats ,Electrophysiology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ear, Inner ,Head Movements ,Sensory Thresholds ,Cats ,sense organs ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The response properties of extracellularly recorded Ygroup neurons on the lesioned side were examined in decerebrate cats after acute hemilabyrinthectomy, with the use of constant velocity oivertical axis rotations (OVAR) to stimulate the remaining intact otolith receptors. During rotation in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction,Ygroup neurons displayed a spectrum of position-dependent bidirectional response sensitivities, ranging from one- to two-dimensional. Some two-dimensional neurons even exhibited unidirectional responses with change in OVAR velocity. These ¢ndings indicate that Ygroup neurons have the capacity to code spatiotemporal signals arising from the contralateral otolith. The best response orientations of one-dimensional and two-dimensional neurons were found predominantly along the anteroposterior direction, thus providing a spatial framework for the otolithic re£exes. NeuroReport 14:729^733 � c 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Published
- 2003
42. Subject Index Vol. 10, 2003
- Author
-
Mei-Sue Chen, Jen-Hwey Chiu, Hsing I. Chen, Wann-Cherng Perng, Jianning Wei, Chien-Hung Chen, Ya-Chen Liu, Małgorzata Szereda-Przestaszewska, Hong-Jen Lee, Sumio Sugano, Shu-Min Lin, Ann-Ping Tsou, Stephen C. Fowler, Chu-Wen Yang, Annelies Hauspie, Nada H. Khattar, Jen-Chine Wu, Wei-Kuang Liu, Richard B. Markham, David Camerini, Rong Chen, Christine Neuveut, Yi-Da Chung, Seng-Sheen Fan, Chien-Wen Hou, Chien-Huang Lin, Meng-Chun Hu, Carl Denef, Chin-Pyng Wu, Chien-Ying Liu, Marcin Rozalski, Ing-Cherng Guo, Yi-Ting Chen, Chen-Kung Chou, Y.S. Chan, Wei-Teing Chen, Luo-Hwa Miau, Jin-Tun Lin, Chain Fa Su, Chia-Hua Kuo, Laura De Marchis, Mei-Ling Chang, Chih-Ten Yu, Cezary Watala, Yu-Lun Liao, Eve Seuntjens, Vivian C. Yang, Di Sha, Wen-Hsin Huang, Horng-Chyuan Lin, Chun-Chung Lee, D.K.Y. Shum, Yu-Chi Chuang, Jung-Yaw Lin, Wan-An Lu, Jacek Golanski, Ben Berkhout, Cheng-Deng Kuo, Hsin-Yi Ho, Kerry Wu, Vincent J. Blanch, Wen-Chang Chang, Jang-Yen Wu, Chun-Hua Wang, Daniel Cupac, Kou-Gi Shyu, David Wang, Wen-Hsin Chang, Han-Pin Kuo, Ching-Hung Lin, Che-Yi Chao, Sharon Bargo, Chia-Chu Tsai, Jui-Fen Lin, K.K.L. Yung, Ru Ping Lee, Michael M.C. Lai, Beata Kopczyńska, June L. Traicoff, Wei-Ting Chao, Yutaka Suzuku, Charlotte S. Kaetzel, Kuan-Teh Jeang, Ying Jin, Kun-Ze Lee, Ying-Chih Chi, Robert M. Scoggins, Shankung Lin, Bao-Wei Wang, Shang Jyh Kao, Rodolfo E. Zamora, Britten L. Ginsburg, I-Jung Lu, Heng Wu, Ding-Shinn Chen, Bon Chu Chung, Hang Chang, Boguslawa Luzak, Yu-Ling Sung, Albert M. Wu, Wen-Chih Lee, C.H. Lai, Dennis J. Templeton, Yu-Chia Su, P.C. Joost Haasnoot, Jin-Yuan Su, Hugo Vankelecom, Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai, Fu-Chiu Yu, L.W. Chen, John T. Kung, Ling-Ling Chiou, Hsuan-Shu Lee, F.X. Zhang, Sarah J. Plummer, Guan-Tarn Huang, Pei-Ming Yang, Shih-Wei Chou, Horng-Chin Yan, Li-Chi Ku, Yun-Hen Liu, Samuel H.H. Chan, Ji-Chuu Hwang, Jin-Chuan Sheu, Ching-jang Huang, Shiow-Chwen Tsai, and Graham Casey
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Statistics ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Subject (documents) ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Mathematics - Published
- 2003
43. Source Profiles and Ozone Formation Potentials of Volatile Organic Compounds in Three Traffic Tunnels in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Author
-
Y.T. Ho, Kang-Shin Chen, and C.H. Lai
- Subjects
Pollution ,Air Pollutants ,Ozone ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Taiwan ,Environmental engineering ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Traffic flow ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oxidants, Photochemical ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Traffic conditions ,Environmental science ,Gas chromatography ,Cities ,Organic Chemicals ,Particle Size ,Volatilization ,Vehicle type ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Vehicle Emissions ,media_common - Abstract
Twenty-five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) up to C10 were measured using Carbotrap multibed thermal adsorption tubes during the morning and afternoon rush hours on four different days in all three traffic tunnels in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. A gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame-ionization detector (FID) was then used to analyze the VOCs. The analytical results show that VOC concentrations increase with traffic flow rate, and emission profiles in the three tunnels are mostly in the range C2-C6. In addition to the traffic conditions and vehicle type, the pattern of emissions in each tunnel was also influenced by other factors, such as vehicle age, nearby pollution sources, and the spatial or temporal variation of VOCs in the urban atmosphere. The ozone formation potential (OFP) in each tunnel was assessed based on the maximum incremental reactivities of the organic species, demonstrating that OFP increases with traffic flow rate. Vehicle distribution influences the contributions of organic group to OFP in a tunnel. Meanwhile, when ranked in descending order of contribution to OFP in all tunnels, the organic groups followed the sequence olefins, aromatics, and paraffins.
- Published
- 2003
44. Contents Vol. 10, 2003
- Author
-
Jin-Chuan Sheu, Hong-Jen Lee, Ching-jang Huang, Chien-Hung Chen, Fu-Chiu Yu, Shiow-Chwen Tsai, Pei-Ming Yang, Li-Chi Ku, Chia-Hua Kuo, Graham Casey, Ji-Chuu Hwang, Ya-Chen Liu, Seng-Sheen Fan, Chien-Wen Hou, Rodolfo E. Zamora, Y.S. Chan, Sarah J. Plummer, Jen-Chine Wu, Chien-Ying Liu, Bon Chu Chung, Mei-Sue Chen, Chen-Kung Chou, Horng-Chyuan Lin, Guan-Tarn Huang, Hsing I. Chen, Wei-Teing Chen, Laura De Marchis, F.X. Zhang, Cezary Watala, Jung-Yaw Lin, Yi-Ting Chen, D.K.Y. Shum, Nada H. Khattar, Kerry Wu, Mei-Ling Chang, Charlotte S. Kaetzel, Che-Yi Chao, Ing-Cherng Guo, Chin-Pyng Wu, Vincent J. Blanch, Beata Kopczyńska, Ben Berkhout, Yu-Lun Liao, Jui-Fen Lin, Wen-Hsin Huang, Cheng-Deng Kuo, Daniel Cupac, K.K.L. Yung, David Wang, Han-Pin Kuo, Wei-Ting Chao, Yutaka Suzuku, Yu-Chia Su, Chun-Hua Wang, Kun-Ze Lee, Ying-Chih Chi, Yu-Chi Chuang, P.C. Joost Haasnoot, I-Jung Lu, Albert M. Wu, Ding-Shinn Chen, Dennis J. Templeton, Ching-Hung Lin, Wen-Chih Lee, Jin-Yuan Su, C.H. Lai, Hugo Vankelecom, Britten L. Ginsburg, Wen-Hsin Chang, Heng Wu, Bao-Wei Wang, Shang Jyh Kao, Wan-An Lu, Jin-Tun Lin, Daniel Fu-Chang Tsai, Wei-Kuang Liu, Hang Chang, Boguslawa Luzak, Chih-Ten Yu, Hsin-Yi Ho, Yu-Ling Sung, Shu-Min Lin, Sharon Bargo, Wen-Chang Chang, Annelies Hauspie, Michael M.C. Lai, L.W. Chen, Yi-Da Chung, John T. Kung, Ling-Ling Chiou, Hsuan-Shu Lee, Jianning Wei, Chu-Wen Yang, David Camerini, June L. Traicoff, Marcin Rozalski, Vivian C. Yang, Jacek Golanski, Di Sha, Małgorzata Szereda-Przestaszewska, Robert M. Scoggins, Shankung Lin, Ru Ping Lee, Rong Chen, Yun-Hen Liu, Meng-Chun Hu, Samuel H.H. Chan, Ann-Ping Tsou, Stephen C. Fowler, Richard B. Markham, Shih-Wei Chou, Carl Denef, Jen-Hwey Chiu, Kuan-Teh Jeang, Chien-Huang Lin, Ying Jin, Horng-Chin Yan, Chain Fa Su, Eve Seuntjens, Sumio Sugano, Chun-Chung Lee, Wann-Cherng Perng, Christine Neuveut, Kou-Gi Shyu, Chia-Chu Tsai, Jang-Yen Wu, and Luo-Hwa Miau
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2003
45. Bilateral otolith contribution to spatial coding in the vestibular system
- Author
-
C.H. Lai, Daisy K.Y. Shum, and YS Chan
- Subjects
Vestibular system ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Electrophysiology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Vestibular nuclei ,Vestibule ,Utricle ,medicine ,Reflex ,Pharmacology (medical) ,sense organs ,Single-unit recording ,Molecular Biology ,Otolith - Abstract
Recent work on the coding of spatial information in central otolith neurons has significantly advanced our knowledge of signal transformation from head-fixed otolith coordinates to space-centered coordinates during motion. In this review, emphasis is placed on the neural mechanisms by which signals generated at the bilateral labyrinths are recognized as gravity-dependent spatial information and in turn as substrate for otolithic reflexes. We first focus on the spatiotemporal neuronal response patterns (i.e. one- and two-dimensional neurons) to pure otolith stimulation, as assessed by single unit recording from the vestibular nucleus in labyrinth-intact animals. These spatiotemporal features are also analyzed in association with other electrophysiological properties to evaluate their role in the central construction of a spatial frame of reference in the otolith system. Data derived from animals with elimination of inputs from one labyrinth then provide evidence that during vestibular stimulation signals arising from a single utricle are operative at the level of both the ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular nuclei. Hemilabyrinthectomy also revealed neural asymmetries in spontaneous activity, response dynamics and spatial coding behavior between neuronal subpopulations on the two sides and as a result suggested a segregation of otolith signals reaching the ipsilateral and contralateral vestibular nuclei. Recent studies have confirmed and extended previous observations that the recovery of resting activity within the vestibular nuclear complex during vestibular compensation is related to changes in both intrinsic membrane properties and capacities to respond to extracellular factors. The bilateral imbalance provides the basis for deranged spatial coding and motor deficits accompanying hemilabyrinthectomy. Taken together, these experimental findings indicate that in the normal state converging inputs from bilateral vestibular labyrinths are essential to spatiotemporal signal transformation at the central otolith neurons during low-frequency head movements.
- Published
- 2002
46. The use of stereotactic navigation guidance in minimally invasive transnasal nasopharyngectomy: a comparison with the conventional open transfacial approach
- Author
-
E. H.Y. Yuen, D. T.M. Chan, W. M. Tsang, D. T.F. Sun, J. M.K. Lam, Wai Sang Poon, George K.C. Wong, Edward W.H. To, Anil T. Ahuja, and E. C.H. Lai
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Transfacial approach ,Resection ,Stereotaxic Techniques ,Postoperative Complications ,medicine.artery ,Operating time ,medicine ,Humans ,Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Nose ,Aged ,Anterior skull base ,Surgical approach ,business.industry ,Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Facial skeleton ,Female ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Internal carotid artery ,Carotid Artery Injuries ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Carotid Artery, Internal - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the efficacy of applying stereotactic navigation guidance to nasopharyngectomy via a minimally invasive transnasal approach as compared with the conventional open transfacial approaches. The nasopharynx is the centre of the anterior skull base, which is remote from the surface of the facial skeleton. It is well known that there are several surgical approaches for access to resect tumours from the nasopharynx. However, the open techniques have been associated with much morbidity and only provide access to, and identification of, the ipsilateral internal carotid artery that forms the lateral boundary and resection limit of the nasopharynx. The coupling of stereotactic navigation guidance and a minimally invasive transnasal approach for nasopharyngectomy allows the surgeon to identify and protect the internal carotid artery bilaterally at the nasopharynx. This technique reduces operating time and morbidity to a minimum and yet is oncologically sound for resecting nasopharyngeal lesions. We compare 15 patients who underwent the stereotactic navigation guidance approach with 20 patients who received a conventional open transfacial approach.
- Published
- 2002
47. Contents Vol. 9, 2002
- Author
-
Hiraku Umemoto, Liangmei He, Ya-Ling Chang, Mei-Chiao Wu, Chi-Hung Lin, H. Yee, Tatsuo Muramatsu, Tohru Ibi, Fernando Augusto Proietti, Hsiu-Yu Lai, Koichi Furukawa, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Binh N. Tran, Alice Y.W. Chang, Hung-Chou Kuo, Hung-Ming Chen, Imaharu Nakano, Wen-Fang Cheng, Shiow-Lin Pan, Chungming Chang, Kumi Nishizawa, Harm-Jan Borgeld, Ren-Bin Tang, Young-Chau Liu, Hal F. Yee, S. Chan, Pisit Tangkijvanich, Andrew M. James, Jan M. Orenstein, Steven P. Tam, Yukihiro Akao, Chen-Che Chu, Jin-Lian Tsai, Nobuko Ohishi, Elizabeth A. Rich, I. Bravo, May-Ghee Lum, Xavier Roucou, Paik-Seong Lim, Ta-Chen Lin, Chun-Ching Lin, J.A. Marshall, C.H. Lai, Samuel H.H. Chan, E. Gutiérrez-Reyes, Julie Y.H. Chan, Mei-Jie Jou, James K V Willson, Hsing I. Chen, Chuen Miin Leu, T.-C. Wu, Shigeaki Miyabayashi, Chia-Wei Liou, Pen-Hui Yin, Yueh-Mei Cheng, Che-Ming Teng, Fen-Hwa Wong, D.K.Y. Shum, Kunio Yagi, Catherine Transy, Jian-Sheng Gong, Keiya Ozawa, Horng-Der Shen, Ying-Wen Huang, Chai-Wei Liou, David Wang, Chien-Min Yang, Françoise Bergametti, Helen Wong, Sheng-Chu Kuo, June L. Traicoff, Y.S. Chan, Masayo Shamoto, J.-Y. Lee, Shuo-Bin Jou, Hong Chou, J.A. Moreno-Yanes, Stefanie N. Vogel, Keng-Fu Hsu, Anna Bárbara F. Carneiro-Proietti, M. Shehu-Xhilaga, S. Campbell, J. Mak, Hsin-Chen Lee, M.S. Cho, Cheng-po Hu, Tania M. Hansen, Chiung-Yun Chang, Ming F. Tam, Herbert C. Morse rd, John S. Cowdery, Akihiko Kikuchi, R. Bonfante-Cabarcas, Miyuki Kurata, Shan-Chun Chen, Ru Ping Lee, Julie Bianchi, Ching-Yun Chang, Chien-Fu Hung, Yi-Shing Ma, Cheng-Feng Lee, Arin J. Schroeder, Makoto Yoneda, Bernadette Catalan-Soares, Yao-Chung Chuang, Sammy Saab, Tsung-I Peng, Ko Sahashi, Henry Chai, Sanford D. Markowitz, Hsin-Su Yu, Kuan-Teh Jeang, Makoto Naoi, Hua-Yew Cheng, Ching-jang Huang, Michael P. Murphy, C. Nello, Phillip Nagley, Noriyuki Fuku, Sara I. Pai, Tzu-Ling Chen, Wan-Shung Fong, Yau-Huei Wei, Chin-Wen Chi, Maria L.R. Lim, Andrew C. Melton, Jin Zhang, Morris Ling, Yoshiji Yamada, Mary Bradford, Li-Jiau Huang, S.M. Crowe, N.E. Loureiro Dos Santos, Masashi Tanaka, Wakako Maruyama, Chin-Chang Huang, Jih-Hwa Guh, and Nien Tsung Lin
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2002
48. Development of the Vestibular System
- Author
-
C.H. Lai and YS Chan
- Subjects
Vestibular system ,Embryology ,Aging ,General Neuroscience ,Neural tube ,Hindbrain ,Biology ,Embryonic stem cell ,Prenatal development ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Developmental Neuroscience ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Reflex ,sense organs ,Neuron ,Receptor ,Neuroscience ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
This review mainly focuses on the development of the vestibular system in humans and other mammals, but reference is made to anurans and other species where applicable. In the first section, the steps involved in the development of undifferentiated cells into mature vestibular receptors are analysed. Available data indicate that in humans, maturation of the vestibular receptor and its afferent innervations involves a similar sequence of events as in other mammalian species. In the second section, morphological and physiological aspects of the maturation of the central vestibular system are presented. Undifferentiated neuron precursors have been identified in specific segregrated domains of the hindbrain neural tube, and these can develop into secondary vestibular neurons with unique properties. Several neuronal populations in the vestibulospinal and vestibulo-ocular pathways have been found to correlate with rhombomeric domains at early embryonic stages. In rodents, the vestibular system continues to develop postnatally in terms of morphology and function until it achieves its final form. The postnatal changes in the properties of vestibular nuclear neurons are chronologically matched with structural changes and serve to prime the development of vestibular-induced reflexes.
- Published
- 2002
49. Subject Index Vol. 9, 2002
- Author
-
Young-Chau Liu, Michael P. Murphy, C. Nello, S. Campbell, Cheng-po Hu, Chiung-Yun Chang, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Pisit Tangkijvanich, John S. Cowdery, Hal F. Yee, Jan M. Orenstein, Phillip Nagley, Hung-Ming Chen, J.A. Moreno-Yanes, Anna Bárbara F. Carneiro-Proietti, M. Shehu-Xhilaga, Chen-Che Chu, M.S. Cho, Bernadette Catalan-Soares, Paik-Seong Lim, Tatsuo Muramatsu, Morris Ling, Fernando Augusto Proietti, Steven P. Tam, T.-C. Wu, Ren-Bin Tang, May-Ghee Lum, Chun-Ching Lin, Tsung-I Peng, Ko Sahashi, Henry Chai, Sanford D. Markowitz, Shuo-Bin Jou, Akihiko Kikuchi, Chi-Hung Lin, Tohru Ibi, H. Yee, Li-Jiau Huang, Pen-Hui Yin, C.H. Lai, Chin-Chang Huang, Jih-Hwa Guh, S. Chan, Andrew M. James, Nien Tsung Lin, Keng-Fu Hsu, Shiow-Lin Pan, Nobuko Ohishi, Elizabeth A. Rich, Samuel H.H. Chan, J.A. Marshall, Julie Y.H. Chan, Hsing I. Chen, Ying-Wen Huang, Jin-Lian Tsai, I. Bravo, Mei-Jie Jou, Chuen Miin Leu, Hsiu-Yu Lai, Noriyuki Fuku, Sara I. Pai, Hung-Chou Kuo, Tania M. Hansen, Xavier Roucou, Chungming Chang, Shan-Chun Chen, Ru Ping Lee, Imaharu Nakano, Fen-Hwa Wong, Ta-Chen Lin, Catherine Transy, Kuan-Teh Jeang, Wen-Fang Cheng, Yao-Chung Chuang, S.M. Crowe, Chien-Fu Hung, R. Bonfante-Cabarcas, Chai-Wei Liou, E. Gutiérrez-Reyes, Horng-Der Shen, Françoise Bergametti, Chien-Min Yang, Herbert C. Morse rd, Masayo Shamoto, Helen Wong, Sheng-Chu Kuo, Y.S. Chan, Julie Bianchi, Ching-jang Huang, Koichi Furukawa, Ching-Yun Chang, Ming F. Tam, Kumi Nishizawa, Harm-Jan Borgeld, Hiraku Umemoto, Yi-Shing Ma, Binh N. Tran, Alice Y.W. Chang, Stefanie N. Vogel, Hsin-Su Yu, Shigeaki Miyabayashi, Jian-Sheng Gong, Makoto Naoi, Hua-Yew Cheng, Wan-Shung Fong, Maria L.R. Lim, Liangmei He, Chin-Wen Chi, Wakako Maruyama, Jin Zhang, Tzu-Ling Chen, Yau-Huei Wei, Mary Bradford, Andrew C. Melton, Ya-Ling Chang, David Wang, Kunio Yagi, Mei-Chiao Wu, Chia-Wei Liou, June L. Traicoff, Yueh-Mei Cheng, Che-Ming Teng, Yukihiro Akao, James K V Willson, Hong Chou, J. Mak, Sammy Saab, Masashi Tanaka, D.K.Y. Shum, Keiya Ozawa, Cheng-Feng Lee, Arin J. Schroeder, J.-Y. Lee, Hsin-Chen Lee, Miyuki Kurata, Makoto Yoneda, Yoshiji Yamada, and N.E. Loureiro Dos Santos
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Statistics ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Subject (documents) ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Mathematics - Published
- 2002
50. EP-1069: Survival-weight health profile in nasopharyngeal cancer patients
- Author
-
M.F. Chen, C.H. Lai, and W.C. Chen
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Health profile ,Hematology ,business ,Nasopharyngeal cancer - Published
- 2017
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