Author: "C. Grenier" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

323 results on '"C. Grenier"'

1. Brief communication: Monitoring active layer dynamics using a lightweight nimble ground-penetrating radar system – a laboratory analogue test case

Author: E. Léger, A. Saintenoy, M. Serhir, F. Costard, and C. Grenier
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Monitoring active layer dynamics is critical for improving the understanding of near-surface thermal and hydrological processes in the cryosphere. This study presents the laboratory test of a low-cost ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system within a laboratory experiment of active layer freezing and thawing monitoring. The system is an in-house-built low-power monostatic GPR antenna coupled with a reflectometer piloted by a single-board computer (SBC) and was tested prior to field deployment. The correspondence between the frozen front electromagnetic (EM) reflection and temperature allowed us to test the ability of the system to closely monitor the frozen front and bottom of the active layer reflection.
Published: 2023
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2. Invited perspective: What lies beneath a changing Arctic?

Author: J. M. McKenzie, B. L. Kurylyk, M. A. Walvoord, V. F. Bense, D. Fortier, C. Spence, and C. Grenier
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: As permafrost thaws in the Arctic, new subsurface pathways open for the transport of groundwater, energy, and solutes. We identify different ways that these subsurface changes are driving observed surface consequences, including the potential for increased contaminant transport, modification to water resources, and enhanced rates of infrastructure (e.g. buildings and roads) damage. Further, as permafrost thaws it allows groundwater to transport carbon, nutrients, and other dissolved constituents from terrestrial to aquatic environments via progressively deeper subsurface flow paths. Cryohydrogeology, the study of groundwater in cold regions, should be included in northern research initiatives to account for this hidden catalyst of environmental and societal change.
Published: 2021
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3. Emerging climate signals in the Lena River catchment: a non-parametric statistical approach

Author: E. Pohl, C. Grenier, M. Vrac, and M. Kageyama
Subjects: Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Climate change has far-reaching implications in permafrost-underlain landscapes with respect to hydrology, ecosystems, and the population's traditional livelihoods. In the Lena River catchment, eastern Siberia, changing climatic conditions and the associated impacts are already observed or expected. However, as climate change progresses the question remains as to how far we are along this track and when these changes will constitute a significant emergence from natural variability. Here we present an approach to investigate temperature and precipitation time series from observational records, reanalysis, and an ensemble of 65 climate model simulations forced by the RCP8.5 emission scenario. We developed a novel non-parametric statistical method to identify the time of emergence (ToE) of climate change signals, i.e. the time when a climate signal permanently exceeds its natural variability. The method is based on the Hellinger distance metric that measures the similarity of probability density functions (PDFs) roughly corresponding to their geometrical overlap. Natural variability is estimated as a PDF for the earliest period common to all datasets used in the study (1901–1921) and is then compared to PDFs of target periods with moving windows of 21 years at annual and seasonal scales. The method yields dissimilarities or emergence levels ranging from 0 % to 100 % and the direction of change as a continuous time series itself. First, we showcase the method's advantage over the Kolmogorov–Smirnov metric using a synthetic dataset that resembles signals observed in the utilized climate models. Then, we focus on the Lena River catchment, where significant environmental changes are already apparent. On average, the emergence of temperature has a strong onset in the 1970s with a monotonic increase thereafter for validated reanalysis data. At the end of the reanalysis dataset (2004), temperature distributions have emerged by 50 %–60 %. Climate model projections suggest the same evolution on average and 90 % emergence by 2040. For precipitation the analysis is less conclusive because of high uncertainties in existing reanalysis datasets that also impede an evaluation of the climate models. Model projections suggest hardly any emergence by 2000 but a strong emergence thereafter, reaching 60 % by the end of the investigated period (2089). The presented ToE method provides more versatility than traditional parametric approaches and allows for a detailed temporal analysis of climate signal evolutions. An original strategy to select the most realistic model simulations based on the available observational data significantly reduces the uncertainties resulting from the spread in the 65 climate models used. The method comes as a toolbox available at https://github.com/pohleric/toe_tools (last access: 19 May 2020).
Published: 2020
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4. Unlimited Bi-directional Back-Bias in FD-SOI Technology With New Dual Isolation Integration.

Author: R. Berthelon, Olivier Weber, F. Ibars, B. Revel, C. Borowiak, J. C. Grenier, B. Dumont, S. Desmoulins, P. O. Sassoulas, P. Ferreira, S. Chouteau, S. Niel, Rossella Ranica, R. Gonella, and Franck Arnaud
Published: 2024
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5. Improving Ge-rich GST ePCM reliability through BEOL engineering.

Author: Andrea Redaelli, Anna Gandolfo, Giulia Samanni, Enrico Gomiero, Elisa Petroni, Luca Scotti, Andrea Lippiello, Paolo Mattavelli, J. Jasse, D. Codegoni, A. Serafini, Rossella Ranica, Christian Boccaccio, Jury Sandrini, R. Berthelon, J. C. Grenier, Olivier Weber, David Turgis, A. Valery, S. Del Medico, V. Caubet, J. P. Reynard, Didier Dutartre, L. Favennec, Antonino Conte, Fabio Disegni, M. De Tomasi, A. Ventre, Matteo Baldo, Daniele Ielmini, Alfonso Maurelli, P. Ferreira, Franck Arnaud, F. Piazza, Paolo Cappelletti, Roberto Annunziata, and R. Gonella
Published: 2021
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6. Genetic Associations between Modifiable Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease

Author: Luo, J. Thomassen, J.Q. Bellenguez, C. Grenier-Boley, B. De Rojas, I. Castillo, A. Parveen, K. Küçükali, F. Nicolas, A. Peters, O. Schneider, A. Dichgans, M. Rujescu, D. Scherbaum, N. Jürgen, D. Riedel-Heller, S. Hausner, L. Porcel, L.M. Düzel, E. Grimmer, T. Wiltfang, J. Heilmann-Heimbach, S. Moebus, S. Tegos, T. Scarmeas, N. Clarimon, J. Moreno, F. Pérez-Tur, J. Bullido, M.J. Pastor, P. Sánchez-Valle, R. Álvarez, V. Boada, M. García-González, P. Puerta, R. Mir, P. Real, L.M. Piñol-Ripoll, G. García-Alberca, J.M. Royo, J.L. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. Soininen, H. Kuulasmaa, T. De Mendonça, A. Mehrabian, S. Hort, J. Vyhnalek, M. Van Der Lee, S. Graff, C. Papenberg, G. Giedraitis, V. Boland, A. Bacq-Daian, D. Deleuze, J.-F. Nicolas, G. Dufouil, C. Pasquier, F. Hanon, O. Debette, S. Grünblatt, E. Popp, J. Benussi, L. Galimberti, D. Arosio, B. Mecocci, P. Solfrizzi, V. Parnetti, L. Squassina, A. Tremolizzo, L. Borroni, B. Nacmias, B. Sorbi, S. Caffarra, P. Seripa, D. Rainero, I. Daniele, A. Masullo, C. Spalletta, G. Williams, J. Amouyel, P. Jessen, F. Kehoe, P. Magda, T. Rossi, G. Sánchez-Juan, P. Sleegers, K. Ingelsson, M. Andreassen, O.A. Hiltunen, M. Van Duijn, C. Sims, R. Van Der Flier, W. Ruiz, A. Ramirez, A. Lambert, J.-C. Frikke-Schmidt, R. and Luo, J. Thomassen, J.Q. Bellenguez, C. Grenier-Boley, B. De Rojas, I. Castillo, A. Parveen, K. Küçükali, F. Nicolas, A. Peters, O. Schneider, A. Dichgans, M. Rujescu, D. Scherbaum, N. Jürgen, D. Riedel-Heller, S. Hausner, L. Porcel, L.M. Düzel, E. Grimmer, T. Wiltfang, J. Heilmann-Heimbach, S. Moebus, S. Tegos, T. Scarmeas, N. Clarimon, J. Moreno, F. Pérez-Tur, J. Bullido, M.J. Pastor, P. Sánchez-Valle, R. Álvarez, V. Boada, M. García-González, P. Puerta, R. Mir, P. Real, L.M. Piñol-Ripoll, G. García-Alberca, J.M. Royo, J.L. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. Soininen, H. Kuulasmaa, T. De Mendonça, A. Mehrabian, S. Hort, J. Vyhnalek, M. Van Der Lee, S. Graff, C. Papenberg, G. Giedraitis, V. Boland, A. Bacq-Daian, D. Deleuze, J.-F. Nicolas, G. Dufouil, C. Pasquier, F. Hanon, O. Debette, S. Grünblatt, E. Popp, J. Benussi, L. Galimberti, D. Arosio, B. Mecocci, P. Solfrizzi, V. Parnetti, L. Squassina, A. Tremolizzo, L. Borroni, B. Nacmias, B. Sorbi, S. Caffarra, P. Seripa, D. Rainero, I. Daniele, A. Masullo, C. Spalletta, G. Williams, J. Amouyel, P. Jessen, F. Kehoe, P. Magda, T. Rossi, G. Sánchez-Juan, P. Sleegers, K. Ingelsson, M. Andreassen, O.A. Hiltunen, M. Van Duijn, C. Sims, R. Van Der Flier, W. Ruiz, A. Ramirez, A. Lambert, J.-C. Frikke-Schmidt, R.
Abstract: Importance: An estimated 40% of dementia is potentially preventable by modifying 12 risk factors throughout the life course. However, robust evidence for most of these risk factors is lacking. Effective interventions should target risk factors in the causal pathway to dementia. Objective: To comprehensively disentangle potentially causal aspects of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) to inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention. Design, Setting, and Participants: This genetic association study was conducted using 2-sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization. Independent genetic variants associated with modifiable risk factors were selected as instrumental variables from genomic consortia. Outcome data for AD were obtained from the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), generated on August 31, 2021. Main analyses were conducted using the EADB clinically diagnosed end point data. All analyses were performed between April 12 and October 27, 2022. Exposures: Genetically determined modifiable risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for AD were calculated per 1-unit change of genetically determined risk factors. Results: The EADB-diagnosed cohort included 39106 participants with clinically diagnosed AD and 401577 control participants without AD. The mean age ranged from 72 to 83 years for participants with AD and 51 to 80 years for control participants. Among participants with AD, 54% to 75% were female, and among control participants, 48% to 60% were female. Genetically determined high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased odds of AD (OR per 1-SD increase, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.16]). Genetically determined high systolic blood pressure was associated with increased risk of AD after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.46]). In a second analysis to minimize bias due to sample overlap, the entire
Published: 2023

7. La1.5Nd0.3Pr0.2NiO4.16: A New Cathode Material for IT-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Author: S. Amira, M. Ferkhi, F. Mauvy, S. Fourcade, J. M. Bassat, and J. C. Grenier
Subjects: Electrochemistry
Published: 2023
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8. Permafrost modelling with OpenFOAM®: New advancements of the permaFoam solver

Author: L. Orgogozo, T. Xavier, H. Oulbani, C. Grenier, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation Hydrologique (HYDRO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE46-0003,HiPerBorea,Calul haute performance pour la quantification des impacts du changement climatique sur les régions boréales(2019)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hardware and Architecture, General Physics and Astronomy, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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9. Library Synthesis: Building Block Selection, Handling, and Tracking

Author: Katelyn J, Billings and Melissa C, Grenier-Davies
Subjects: Gene Library
Abstract: Careful selection and manipulation of small molecule building blocks is crucial to the success of a DNA-encoded library. Building block selection impacts the quality of the hits arising out of a selection assay, while proper sample handling and tracking ensure follow-up synthetic work is done with the appropriate synthetic map in mind. In this chapter, possible strategies for building block selection are outlined, as well as best practices for handling and tracking samples to be used for validation and library synthesis.
Published: 2022

10. Library Synthesis: Building Block Validation

Author: Melissa C, Grenier-Davies
Subjects: Acylation, Carboxylic Acids, DNA, Amines, Gene Library
Abstract: Completing a validation process to assess the reactivity of potential building blocks that can be included in a DNA-encoded library is important for ensuring the quality of a library. Here we describe the validation method used to assess the reactivity of potential building blocks to be included in a DNA-encoded library, with HATU acylation of carboxylic acid building blocks with an on-DNA amine substrate as an example.
Published: 2022

11. Shaping of ceria-based single solid oxide cells combining tape-casting, screen-printing and infiltration

Author: Thierry Chartier, Pierre-Marie Geffroy, L. Guesnet, J.-C. Grenier, Jean-Marc Bassat, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was partly supported by a French regional fellowship 'Région Nouvelle Aquitaine' (for L.G.). LG, JCG and JMB are grateful for the financial support obtained through the ANR project ECOREVE (ANR-18-CE05-0036-01). All authors acknowledge the French group GDR HysPac for fruitful discussions. Finally, the authors are grateful to the Solvay company (France) for providing the chemical precursors and powders employed in this work., and ANR-18-CE05-0036,ECOREVE,EleCtrOdes architecturées pour la Réalisation d'Electrolyseurs de la Vapeur d'Eau à haute température(2018)
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Solid Oxide Cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ceria, 0103 physical sciences, tape casting, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Porosity, 010302 applied physics, Tape casting, Pressing, infiltration method, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Screen printing, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Infiltration (medical)
Abstract: International audience; This study describes the development of a shaping process involving GDC10 (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) as an electrolyte for Solid Oxide Cells operating at low temperature (500−600 °C). The goal is to build a single cell of porous/dense/porous GDC10 layers while adapting the porous layer thicknesses, which are infiltrated by catalysts to prepare efficient GDC-base composites. Two shaping processes were used to make the cell. The first process is die pressing of the electrolyte powder followed by the infiltration of a screen-printed porous backbone. The second shaping process consists of preparing a porous/dense/porous (30 μm/≈ 400 μm/30 μm) cell in a single step by combining tape-casting and screen-printing processes followed by the infiltration of the previous catalyst.
Published: 2020
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12. Engaging the Medicinal Chemists of Tomorrow

Author: Lori Ferrins, Erika Araujo, Matthew W. Boudreau, Melissa C. Grenier-Davies, Krupanandan Haranahalli, V. Blair Journigan, Dana M. Klug, and Margaret E. Olson
Subjects: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Drug Discovery, Molecular Medicine, Humans
Abstract: The Young Medicinal Chemists Committee (YMCC) is a part of the larger ACS Division of Medicinal Chemistry (MEDI) and was formed to ensure that MEDI meets the needs of
Published: 2022

13. Library Synthesis: Building Block Validation

Author: Melissa C. Grenier-Davies
Published: 2022
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14. BEOL Process Effects on ePCM Reliability

Author: A. Redaelli, A. Gandolfo, G. Samanni, E. Gomiero, E. Petroni, L. Scotti, A. Lippiello, P. Mattavelli, J. Jasse, D. Codegoni, A. Serafini, R. Ranica, C. Boccaccio, J. Sandrini, R. Berthelon, J.-C. Grenier, O. Weber, D. Turgis, A. Valery, S. Del Medico, V. Caubet, J.-P. Reynard, D. Dutartre, L. Favennec, A. Conte, F. Disegni, M. De Tomasi, A. Ventre, M. Baldo, D. Ielmini, A. Maurelli, P. Ferreira, F. Arnaud, F. Piazza, P. Cappelletti, R. Annunziata, and R. Gonella
Subjects: reliability, emerging memory, Germanium, Resistance, Dispersion, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Metals, Programming, 28nm FDSOI, BEOL, Ge-rich GST, embedded memory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, GST, Crystallization, Biotechnology, ePCM
Published: 2022

15. Library Synthesis: Building Block Selection, Handling, and Tracking

Author: Katelyn J. Billings and Melissa C. Grenier-Davies
Published: 2022
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16. Color-mapped noise vector fields for generating procedural micro-patterns

Author: C. Grenier, B. Sauvage, J.‐M. Dischler, S. Thery, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE33-0011,ReProcTex,Rendu de textures procédurales pour les mondes virtuels gigantesques(2019)
Subjects: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Published: 2022
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17. Densification Study of Pr6O11 as a Limiting Step for the Determination of Its Oxygen Transport Properties

Author: L. Guesnet, E. Bonnet, J.-M. Heintz, E. Chadourne, J.-C. Grenier, T. Chartier, P.-M. Geffroy, and J.-M. Bassat
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: This study describes the successful sintering of Pr6O11, which is recently developed as a promising oxygen electrode for Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs). Using dense pellets or thin films is mandatory prior to an accurate measurement of the ionic transport properties via the isotopic oxyen exchange method here involved. Dilatometry experiments performed under different atmospheres (argon, air, oxygen) and sintering tests with different thermal cycles allowed overcoming the detrimental phase changes of Pr6O11 and densifying this oxide with a sintered relative density of 95%. Dense pellets of large sizes were prepared. In a second part, the ionic transport properties of Pr6O11 have been determined in the range 400 < T °C < 800 thanks to Isotopic Exchange Depth Profiling (IEDP) measurements.
Published: 2023
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18. Intérêt du dosage simultané de biomarqueurs sanguins directs de l’éthanol chez la femme enceinte : exemple d’un cas de syndrome d’alcoolisation fœtal

Author: F. Hakim, E. Lorio, A. Gish, C. Richeval, J.-F. Wiart, C. Grenier, D. Allorge, and J.-M. Gaulier
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Toxicology
Published: 2022
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19. Reaction Development for DNA-Encoded Library Technology: Expanding the Toolkit on DNA Chemistry

Author: Adam Csakai, Yun Ding, Melissa C. Grenier-Davies, Lisa A. Marcaurelle, and Ann M. Rowley
Published: 2021
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20. Optimization of Small Molecules That Sensitize HIV-1 Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Author: Arne Schön, Jean-Philippe Chapleau, Amos B. Smith, Andrés Finzi, Melissa C. Grenier, Rebekah Sherburn, Dani Vézina, William D. Tolbert, Marzena Pazgier, Sambasivarao Somisetti, Cameron F. Abrams, and Shilei Ding
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), virus diseases, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Small molecule, Virology, Epitope, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry, Drug Discovery, biology.protein, medicine, Antibody, Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Glycoprotein
Abstract: [Image: see text] With approximately 37 million people living with HIV worldwide and an estimated 2 million new infections reported each year, the need to derive novel strategies aimed at eradicating HIV-1 infection remains a critical worldwide challenge. One potential strategy would involve eliminating infected cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to conceal epitopes located in its envelope glycoprotein (Env) that are recognized by ADCC-mediating antibodies present in sera from HIV-1 infected individuals. Our aim is to circumvent this evasion via the development of small molecules that expose relevant anti-Env epitopes and sensitize HIV-1 infected cells to ADCC. Rapid elaboration of an initial screening hit using parallel synthesis and structure-based optimization has led to the development of potent small molecules that elicit this humoral response. Efforts to increase the ADCC activity of this class of small molecules with the aim of increasing their therapeutic potential was based on our recent cocrystal structures with gp120 core.
Published: 2019
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21. Perspectives in ground-penetrating radar at high latitudes: From occasional imaging to automated continuous monitoring

Author: N.M. Thiéry, E. Léger, A. Saintenoy, C. Grenier, Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation Hydrologique (HYDRO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Computer science, business.industry, Continuous monitoring, Permafrost, Field (computer science), Latitude, law.invention, Software, law, High latitude, Ground-penetrating radar, Radar, business, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; Among different geophysical methods employed for glacier and permafrost characterization, Ground-Penetrating Radar has been employed many times since its first developments.However these GPR characterization were and are still mostly performed during field campaigns which can be sparse in time, expensive and human resource demanding, and can be limited by the difficulty to access areas.The purpose of this short paper is to present two approaches for northern latitudes features imaging during field mission and discuss the benefits brought by hardware and software improvements to develop the field of long-term monitoring. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the new paradigm that the internet of things brought to the field of surface GPR characterization of high latitude environment.
Published: 2021
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22. Crop photoperiodism model 2.0 for the flowering time of sorghum and rice that includes daily changes in sunrise and sunset times and temperature acclimation

Author: Benoît Clerget, M Sidibe, Kawakata T, Heathel Loren Layaoen, J H Bernal, C Grenier, A. Domingo, Crisanta Sunio Bueno, N D Gutiérrez-Palacios, Chantereau J, and G Trouche
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Acclimatization, Photoperiod, Synchronous flowering, Oryza sativa, Plant Science, Flowers, Sunset, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Floraison, Sunrise, Phyllochron, Humans, Acclimatation, Photopériodicité, Sorghum, photoperiodism, biology, Temperature, Sowing, Oryza, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Original Articles, Sorghum bicolor, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Seedling, Panicule, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and Aims Daylength determines flowering dates. However, questions remain regarding flowering dates in the natural environment, such as the synchronous flowering of plants sown simultaneously at highly contrasting latitudes. The daily change in sunrise and sunset times is the cue for the flowering of trees and for the synchronization of moulting in birds at the equator. Sunrise and sunset also synchronize the cell circadian clock, which is involved in the regulation of flowering. The goal of this study was to update the photoperiodism model with knowledge acquired since its conception. Methods A large dataset was gathered, including four 2-year series of monthly sowings of 28 sorghum varieties in Mali and two 1-year series of monthly sowings of eight rice varieties in the Philippines to compare with previously published monthly sowings in Japan and Malaysia, and data from sorghum breeders in France, Nicaragua and Colombia. An additive linear model of the duration in days to panicle initiation (PI) and flowering time using daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times was implemented. Key Results Simultaneous with the phyllochron, the duration to PI of field crops acclimated to the mean temperature at seedling emergence within the usual range of mean cropping temperatures. A unique additive linear model combining daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset hours was accurately fitted for any type of response in the duration to PI to the sowing date without any temperature input. Once calibrated on a complete and an incomplete monthly sowing series at two tropical latitudes, the model accurately predicted the duration to PI of the concerned varieties from the equatorial to the temperate zone. Conclusions Including the daily changes in sunrise and sunset times in the updated photoperiodism model largely improved its accuracy at the latitude of each experiment. More research is needed to ascertain its multi-latitudinal accuracy, especially at latitudes close to the equator.
Published: 2021

23. 2-MeOPP dans les cheveux d’un patient traité par urapidil

Author: A. Gish, D. Baes, C. Richeval, J.-F. Wiart, F. Hakim, C. Grenier, D. Allorge, and J.-M. Gaulier
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Toxicology
Published: 2022
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24. 772 Gene profiling of a 3D psoriatic skin model enriched in T cells: Downregulation of PTPRM promotes keratinocytes proliferation through excessive ERK signaling

Author: G. Rioux, F. Turgeon, C. Grenier, G. Le-Bel, S. Guérin, and R. Pouliot
Subjects: Cell Biology, Dermatology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022
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25. Optimization of the Synthesis Procedure of LiMn2O4 Electrodes for Efficient Rechargeable Lithium Cells: Influence of the Crystallite Size and Surface Defects on the Electrochemical Performances of 3 V Li1+xMn2O4 and 4V Li1-xMn2O4 Electrodes

Author: N. Treuil, A. Deshayes, J. C. Frison, J. C. Grenier, L. Rabardel, E. Sellier, J. Portier, and G. Campet
Subjects: Electrochemical model, Li batteries, nanocrystalline materials., Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: Various LiMn2O4 electrode materials, having different crystallite sizes ranging from ∼50Å to ∼500Å, have been investigated either in 3V or in 4V Li batteries. In agreement with our ≪electrochemical model≫, we have shown that nanocrystalline samples have much higher capacity, and cyclability than their microcrystalline homologue in the 3 V domain uniquely. A reverse trend is observed in the 4 V range, still in agreement with the model.
Published: 1998
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26. High Density Embedded PCM Cell in 28nm FDSOI Technology for Automotive Micro-Controller Applications

Author: Roberto Annunziata, L. Favennec, F. Disegni, D. Turgis, Jean-Luc Ogier, Remi Beneyton, Xavier Federspiel, N. Cherault, Fausto Piazza, A. Gandolfo, M. Molgg, E. Ciantar, Enrico Gomiero, P.O. Sassoulas, J. P. Reynard, B. Dumont, S. Delmedico, Alexandre Villaret, Olivier Weber, A. Viscuso, Franck Arnaud, L. Clement, L. Desvoivres, Paulo Ferreira, Paolo Mattavelli, C. Gallon, R. Ranica, O. Kermarrec, J. Jasse, S. Chouteau, C. Jahan, C. Boccaccio, Paolo Cappelletti, A. Souhaite, G. Samanni, Paola Zuliani, R. Berthelon, V. Caubet, Philippe Boivin, D. Ristoiu, Alfonso Maurelli, and J. C. Grenier
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Reading (computer), Transistor, Bipolar junction transistor, Automotive industry, High density, law.invention, Microcontroller, Reliability (semiconductor), law, Soldering, Electronic engineering, business
Abstract: in this paper we present an enhancement of our 28nm FDSOI-PCM solution using Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) selector co-integrated with triple gate oxide devices scheme (logic/1,8V/5V) for advanced automotive microcontroller designs. Leveraging FDSOI substrate, innovative Super-STI (SSTI) scheme has been developed enabling 0,019um2 PCM cell. It is the densest eNVM cell reported so far, based on our knowledge. Ultimate analog performance targets for automotive have been successfully demonstrated without compromising reliability for 5V transistor thanks to a novel gate stack & spacers architecture. Automotive grade-0 reliability criteria have been achieved on 16MB PCM array, including 3x aggressive runs of soldering reflow thermal stress (265°C/210s). Finally, wide reading window has been shown even after 250K writing operation at 165°C.
Published: 2020
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27. Crop-photoperiodism model 2.0 for the panicle-initiation date of sorghum and rice that includes daily changes in sunrise and sunset times

Author: Heathel Loren Layaoen, C Grenier, Kawakata T, J H Bernal, Palacios N, Crisanta Sunio Bueno, Clerget B, M Sidibe, Chantereau J, A. Domingo, and G Trouche
Subjects: photoperiodism, biology, Agronomy, Synchronous flowering, Sowing, Sunrise, Phyllochron, Sunset, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Panicle
Abstract: Background and AimsDaylength determines flowering dates. However, questions remain regarding flowering dates in the natural environment, such as the synchronous flowering of plants sown simultaneously at highly contrasting latitudes. The daily change in sunrise and sunset times is the cue for the flowering of trees and for the synchronisation moulting in birds at the equator. Sunrise and sunset also synchronise the cell circadian clock, which is involved in the regulation of flowering. The goal of this study was to update the photoperiodism model with knowledge acquired since its conception.MethodsA large dataset was gathered, including four 2-year series of monthly sowings of 28 sorghum varieties in Mali and two 1-year series of monthly sowings of eight rice varieties in the Philippines to compare with previously published monthly sowings in Japan and Malaysia, and data from sorghum breeders in France, Nicaragua, and Colombia. An additive linear model of the duration in days to panicle initiation (PI) using day length and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times was implemented.Key ResultsSimultaneous with the phyllochron, the duration to PI of field crops acclimated to the mean temperature at seedling emergence within the usual range of mean cropping temperatures. A unique additive linear model combining daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset hours was accurately fitted for any type of response in the duration to PI to the sowing date without any temperature input. Once calibrated on a complete and an incomplete monthly sowing series at two tropical latitudes, the model accurately predicted the duration to PI of the concerned varieties from the equatorial to the temperate zone.ConclusionsThe results of the updated photoperiodism model strongly supported the hypothesis that photoperiodism could be a combined response to day length and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times.
Published: 2020
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28. The HIV-1 Env gp120 Inner Domain Shapes the Phe43 Cavity and the CD4 Binding Site

Author: Changze Han, Agnès L. Chenine, Sharon Kirk, Rebekah Sherburn, Adel Ahmed Rashad Ahmed, Marzena Pazgier, Cameron F. Abrams, Amos B. Smith, Jérémie Prévost, William D. Tolbert, Navid Madani, Natasha Gupta Vergara, Brendan Mann, Irwin Chaiken, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Andrés Finzi, Frank Kirchhoff, Halima Medjahed, Hillel Haim, Daria Zoubchenok, Melissa C. Grenier, Althea Gaffney, Beatrice H. Hahn, and Joseph Sodroski
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, viruses, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Druggability, CD4 mimetic, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, medicine.disease_cause, Insert (molecular biology), Biomimetics, CRF01_AE, CD4mc, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Thymocytes, Chemistry, virus diseases, QR1-502, 3. Good health, Phe43 cavity, Domain (ring theory), CD4 Antigens, ADCC, Crystallization, Research Article, Protein Binding, Env, Phenylalanine, Binding pocket, Microbiology, CD4 binding site, Host-Microbe Biology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Protein Domains, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Binding site, 030304 developmental biology, Binding Sites, 030306 microbiology, neutralization, CD4, gp120, HEK293 Cells, Biophysics, HIV-1, Glycoprotein
Abstract: The Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) is an attractive druggable target. New promising compounds, including small CD4 mimetics (CD4mc), were shown to insert deeply into this cavity. Here, we identify a new network of residues that helps to shape this highly conserved CD4 binding pocket and characterize the structural determinants responsible for Env sensitivity to small CD4 mimetics., The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) undergo conformational changes upon interaction of the gp120 exterior glycoprotein with the CD4 receptor. The gp120 inner domain topological layers facilitate the transition of Env to the CD4-bound conformation. CD4 engages gp120 by introducing its phenylalanine 43 (Phe43) in a cavity (“the Phe43 cavity”) located at the interface between the inner and outer gp120 domains. Small CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) can bind within the Phe43 cavity and trigger conformational changes similar to those induced by CD4. Crystal structures of CD4mc in complex with a modified CRF01_AE gp120 core revealed the importance of these gp120 inner domain layers in stabilizing the Phe43 cavity and shaping the CD4 binding site. Our studies reveal a complex interplay between the gp120 inner domain and the Phe43 cavity and generate useful information for the development of more-potent CD4mc.
Published: 2020

29. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. Shin, J.S. Park, H.K. Park, S.-J. Han, J.H. Sung, J.-G. Cho, G.-B. Nam, Y.K. On, H.E. Lim, J.J. Kwak, T.-J. Cha, T.J. Hong, S.H. Park, J.H. Yoon, N.-H. Kim, K.-S. Kim, B.C. Jung, G.-S. Hwang, C.-J. Kim, D.B. Kim, J.J. Ahn, H.J. An, H. Bae, A.L. Baek, W.J. Chi, E.A. Choi, E.H. Choi, H.K. Choi, H.S. Choi, S. Han, E.S. Heo, K.O. Her, S.W. Hwang, E.M. Jang, H.-S. Jang, S. Jang, H.-G. Jeon, S.R. Jeon, Y.R. Jeon, H.K. Jeong, I.-A. Jung, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Hyun Ju Kim, Ji Seon Kim, Jung Sook Kim, J.A. Kim, K.T. Kim, M.S. Kim, Sang Hee Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Y.-I. Kim, C.S. Lee, E.H. Lee, G.H. Lee, H.Y. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, K.H. Lee, K.R. Lee, M.S. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, R.W. Lee, S.E. Lee, S.H. Lee, S. Lee, W.Y. Lee, I.K. Noh, A.R. Park, B.R. Park, H.N. Park, J.H. Park, M. Park, Y. Park, S.-Y. Seo, J. Shim, J.H. Sim, Y.M. Sohn, W.S. Son, Y.S. Son, H.J. Song, H.K. Wi, J.J. Woo, S. Ye, K.H. Yim, K.M. Yoo, E.J. Yoon, S.Y. Yun, P. Angchaisuksiri, S. Chawanadelert, P. Mongkolwongroj, K. Kanokphatcharakun, S. Cheewatanakornkul, T. Laksomya, S. Pattanaprichakul, T. Chantrarat, S. Rungaramsin, S. Silaruks, W. Wongcharoen, K. Siriwattana, K. Likittanasombat, P. Katekangplu, W. Boonyapisit, D. Cholsaringkarl, B. Chatlaong, P. Chattranukulchai, Y. Santanakorn, P. Hutayanon, P. Khunrong, T. Bunyapipat, S. Jai-Aue, P. Kaewsuwanna, P. Bamungpong, S. Gunaparn, S. Hongsuppinyo, R. Inphontan, R. Khattaroek, K. Khunkong, U. Kitmapawanont, C. Kongsin, B. Naratreekoon, S. Ninwaranon, J. Phangyota, A. Phrommintikul, P. Phunpinyosak, K. Pongmorakot, S. Poomiphol, N. Pornnimitthum, S. Pumprueg, S. Ratchasikaew, K. Sanit, K. Sawanyawisuth, B. Silaruks, R. Sirichai, A. Sriwichian, W. Suebjaksing, P. Sukklad, T. Suttana, A. Tangsirira, O. Thangpet, W. Tiyanon, Y. Vorasettakarnkij, T. Wisaratapong, W. Wongtheptien, A. Wutthimanop, S. Yawila, A. Oto, A. Altun, I. Ozdogru, K. Ozdemir, O. Yilmaz, A. Aydinlar, M.B. Yilmaz, E. Yeter, Z. Ongen, M. Cayli, H. Pekdemir, M. Ozdemir, M. Sucu, T. Sayin, M. Demir, H. Yorgun, M. Ersanli, E. Okuyan, D. Aras, H. Abdelrahman, O. Aktas, D. Alpay, F. Aras, M.F. Bireciklioglu, S. Budeyri, M. Buyukpapuc, S. Caliskan, M. Esen, M.A. Felekoglu, D. Genc, B. Ikitimur, E.B. Karaayvaz, S. Kılıç Karataş, S. Okutucu, E. Ozcelik, A. Quisi, H. Sag, L. Sahiner, B.Y. Sayin, T. Seker, D. Uzun Alkan, E. Yildirim, R. Yildirim, F. Yilmaz, V. Yuksekdag, H.L. Luciardi, N. Vensentini, A.C. Ingaramo, G.A. Sambadaro, V. Fernandez Caputi, S.G. Berman, P. Dragotto, A.J. Kleiban, N. Centurion, G. Giacomi, R.A. Ahuad Guerrero, D. Conde, G. Zapata, L.A. Di Paola, J.L. Ramos, R.D. Dran, J. Egido, A.A. Fernandez, M.J. Fosco, S. Sassone, V.A. Sinisi, L.R. Cartasegna, M.A. Berli, O.A. Gomez Vilamajo, F. Ferroni, E.D. Alaguibe, A. Alvarez D'Amelio, C. Arabetti, L. Arias, J.A. Belardi, L. Bergesio, F. Berli, M. Berli, S. Borchowiec, C. Buzzetti, R. Cabrini, V. Campisi, A.L. Cappi, R. Carrizo, F. Colombo Berra, J.P. Costabel, O.J.A. Costamagna, A.A. Damonte, I.N. De Urquiza, F. Diez, M.F. 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Y., Angchaisuksiri, P., Chawanadelert, S., Mongkolwongroj, P., Kanokphatcharakun, K., Cheewatanakornkul, S., Laksomya, T., Pattanaprichakul, S., Chantrarat, T., Rungaramsin, S., Silaruks, S., Wongcharoen, W., Siriwattana, K., Likittanasombat, K., Katekangplu, P., Boonyapisit, W., Cholsaringkarl, D., Chatlaong, B., Chattranukulchai, P., Santanakorn, Y., Hutayanon, P., Khunrong, P., Bunyapipat, T., Jai-Aue, S., Kaewsuwanna, P., Bamungpong, P., Gunaparn, S., Hongsuppinyo, S., Inphontan, R., Khattaroek, R., Khunkong, K., Kitmapawanont, U., Kongsin, C., Naratreekoon, B., Ninwaranon, S., Phangyota, J., Phrommintikul, A., Phunpinyosak, P., Pongmorakot, K., Poomiphol, S., Pornnimitthum, N., Pumprueg, S., Ratchasikaew, S., Sanit, K., Sawanyawisuth, K., Silaruks, B., Sirichai, R., Sriwichian, A., Suebjaksing, W., Sukklad, P., Suttana, T., Tangsirira, A., Thangpet, O., Tiyanon, W., Vorasettakarnkij, Y., Wisaratapong, T., Wongtheptien, W., Wutthimanop, A., Yawila, S., Oto, A., Altun, A., Ozdogru, I., Ozdemir, K., Yilmaz, O., Aydinlar, A., Yilmaz, M. 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A., Bergesio, L., Berli, F., Berli, M., Borchowiec, S., Buzzetti, C., Cabrini, R., Campisi, V., Cappi, A. L., Carrizo, R., Colombo Berra, F., Costabel, J. P., Costamagna, O. J. A., Damonte, A. A., De Urquiza, I. N., Diez, F., Edén, M. F., Fanuele, M., Fernandez Voena, F., Foa Torres, M., Funosas, C., Giacomi, M. P., Gimenez, C. H., Gurfinkel, E. P., de L. M. Had, M., Hansen, V., Hrabar, A. D., Ingratta, M., Lopez, A., Maehara, G., Maffei, L., Martinelli, A., Martinelli, C., Matkovich, J., Mautner, B., Meirino, A., Munguia, R., Navarro, A., Novas, V., Perez Prados, G., Pontoriero, J., Potito, R. N., Ricotti, C., Rodriguez, M. A., Rolandi, F., Said Palladino, M. E., Salinger, M., Sanziani, L. S., Schygiel, P. O., Sossich, A., Tinto, J. F., Tonelli, L., Tufare, A. L., Vallejo, M., Yunis, M. E., Zillo, M., Zurbrigk, F. J., Barretto, A. C. P., Sobral Filho, D. C., Jaber, J., Armaganijan, D., Faria Neto, J., Steffens, A., Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, W., de Souza Neto, J. D., Ribeiro, J. M., Silveira Teixeira, M., Ferreira Rossi, P. R., Pires, L., Moreira, D., Moura Jorge, J. C., Menezes Lorga Filho, A., Bodanese, L. C., Westerlund Montera, M., Del Carlo, C. H., Da Rocha Rodrigues, T., Alves da Costa, F. A., Lopes, A., Lopes, R., Araújo, G. R., Fernandes Manenti, E. R., Kerr Saraiva, J. F., Ferreira Braga, J. C., Negri, A., Souto, L., Moncada, C., Bertolim Precoma, D., Roquette, F., Reis, G., Ramos Filho, R. A., Lanna Figueiredo, E., Vieira Botelho, R., Munhoz da Fontoura Tavares, C., Costantini Frack, C. R., Abdalla Saad, J., Finimundi, H. C., Pisani, C., Chemello, D., Pereira Martins, M., Broilo França, C. C., Alban, F., Aranha Rosito, G. B., de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, J. B., Tumelero, R. T., Nigro Maia, L., Simões de Almeida, R., do Carmo Borges, N. C., Gomes Ferreira, L. G., Agliardi, P., Alves de Oliveira Gomes, J., Araujo, V., Arruda Nakazone, M., Barbosa, T., Barroso, S., Belisario Falchetto, E., Bellotti Lopes, H., Benez Teixeira Lemos, M. A., Biazus, G., Borges Queiroz, L., Camazzola, F. E., Caporale, M., Cardoso Boscato, S., Chieza, F., Chokr, M. O., Clemente Mingireanov, R., Codonho Góes, N., Correa, C., Costa, M., Costantini Ortiz, C., da Silva, L. S., da Silva Paulitsch, F., da Silveira, J. A., Daros, E., de Araújo, G. R., Del Monaco, M. I., Dias, C., Dias, M. A., Drummond Wainstein, A. P., Ely Pizzato, P., Esteves, D. C., Fabri, P., Félix Lorenzato Fonseca, T., Fernandes, E., Fonseca, C., Frack Costantini, C. R., Franchin Ferraz, R., Freire, F., Gottardo, P., Guanaes, D., Guizzardi, S., Hettwer Magedanz, E., Igansi, F., Jannuzzi, F., Junior, G., Komar, D., Lino, E. G., Lopes, D., Lourenço da Silva Júnior, O., Lustosa, E., Macagnan, A. P., Marinho, M. C., Mazzoni, M., Melo, G., Mortari, L., Mouco, O. M. C. C., Nanzer Vital, C., Ormundo, C., Oss Emmer, S., Palmegiani, E., Pavani, R., Pereira, L., Pereira, V. L., Perreira, R., Poletti, S., Quaia Fortunato, S. C., Queirantes, C., Ramos Pereira, N., Rech, R. L., Ribeiro, S., Rodrigues, A., Roesch, H., Ruaro Reichert, T., Santos, D., Santos, I., Santos, M., Seroqui, M. V., Silva, S., Soares, L., Spolaor, L., Stoll, C., Toazza Duda, N., Trama, L., Unterkircher, B., Valois, M. V., Vargas, T., Viana, T., Vicente, C., Vidal Armaganijan, L., Vieira Homem, R., Vieira Torres, L. G., Vila Boas, L., Villaça Guimarães Filho, F., Corbalan, R., Eggers, G., Bugueño Gutiérrez, C., Arriagada, G., Potthoff Cardenas, S., Stockins Fernandez, B. A. J., Conejeros, C., Houzvic, C., Marin Cuevas, P., Montecinos, H., Forero, A., Lanas, F., Larico Gómez, M., Charme Vilches, G., Rey, C., Astudillo, C., Aguilar, J., Campisto, Y., Lara, C., Molina, E., Munoz Oyarzon, J., Olguin, V., Vergara, M., Villan, C., Sánchez Díaz, C. J., Illescas Diaz, J., Leal Cantú, R., Ramos Zavala, M. G., Cabrera Jardines, R., Espinola Zavaleta, N., Villarreal Umaña, S., López Rosas, E., Llamas Esperón, G., Pozas, G., Cardona Muñoz, E., Matadamas Hernández, N., Leyva Rendón, A., García Hernández, N., de los Ríos Ibarra, M., Virgen Carrillo, L., López Villezca, D., Hernández Herrera, C., López Prieto, J. J., Gaona Rodríguez, R., Villeda Espinosa, E., Flores Martínez, D., Velasco Barcena, J., Yong, R., Rodríguez Briones, I., Leiva Pons, J. L., Álvarez López, H., Olvera Ruiz, R., Díaz de la Vega, C., Cantú Brito, C., Chuquiure Valenzuela, E., Reyes-Sanchez, R., Bazzoni Ruiz, A., Nandayapa Flores, O., Benavides Gonzalez, M., Arriaga Nava, R., Morales Cerda, J. D., Fierro Fierro, O., Fajardo Campos, P., Alfaro, T. A. A., Altamirano Bellorin, S., Avena, R., Chavarria, M., Espinosa, I., Flores Silva, F., Garcia Nava, R. H., Godoy, K., Gonzalez Felix, E. J., Gonzalez Garcia, C. L., Gonzalez Salas, L. G., Guajardo, P., Hernandez Gonzalez, S., Izquierdo, T., Mancilla Ortiz, M. C., Martinez Vasquez, D., Mendoza, N., Morales, J., Nikitina, N., Ochoa Aybar, S., Ortiz, A., Padilla Macias, P., Perez, F., Perez Sanchez, J. A., Piña Toledano, S., Ramos Gonzalez, M., Rivera Ramos, C., Roa Castro, V., Romero Cardona, G., Ruiz Cornejo, M., Salinas, A., Santana, G., Sida Perez, P., Tovar Castaneda, A. C., Trujillo Cortes, R., Brodmann, M., Lenz, K., Drexel, H., Foechterle, J., Hagn, C., Podczeck-Schweighofer, A., Huber, K., Winkler, M., Schneeweiß, B., Gegenhuber, A., Lang, W., Eichinger-Hasenauer, S., Kaserer, P., Sykora, J., Rasch, H., Pichler, M., Schaflinger, E., Strohmer, B., Breier, R., Ebner, K. -M., Eischer, L., Freihoff, F., Lischka-Lindner, A., Mark, T., Mirtl, A., Said, A., Stöcklöcker, C., Vogel, B., Vonbank, A., Wöhrer, C., Zanolin, D., Cools, F., Paparella, G., Vandergoten, P., Parqué, J. -L., Capiau, L., Vervoort, G., Wollaert, B., Desfontaines, P., Mairesse, G., Boussy, T., Godart, P., De Wolf, A., Voet, J., Heyse, A., Hollanders, G., Anné, W., Vercammen, J., Purnode, P., Blankoff, I., Faes, D., Balthazar, Y., Beutels, M., Maréchal, P., Verstraete, S., Xhaet, O., Striekwold, H., Thoeng, J., Hermans, K., Alzand, B., Ascoop, A. -K., Banaeian, F., Barbuto, A. -M., Billiaux, A. C., Blockmans, M., Bouvy, C., Brike, C., Capiau, H., Casier, T., Conde Y Bolado, A., De Cleen, D., De Coninck, M., de Vos, M., de Weerdt, N., Delforge, M., Delvigne, M., Denie, D., Derycker, K., Deweerd, E., Dormal, F., Drieghe, S., Everaert, M., Eykerman, T., Feys, E., Ghekiere, M., Gits, F., Hellemans, S., Helvasto, L., Jacobs, C., Lips, S., Mestdagh, I., Nimmegeers, J., Piamonte, V., Pollet, P., Postolache, A., Raepers, M., Raymenants, E., Richa, J., Rombouts, H., Salembier, J., Scheurwegs, C., Semeraro, O., Simons, N., Smessaert, C., Smolders, W., Stockman, I., Tahon, S., Thyssen, V., Tincani, G., Van Durme, F., Van Lier, D., Vandekerckhove, H., Vandekerckhove, Y., Vandenbroeck, D., Vandorpe, A., Vanhalst, E., Vanhauwaert, B., Vantomme, C., Vergauwen, L., Verloove, H., Vydt, T., Weyn, T., Jansky, P., Reichert, P., Spacek, R., Machova, V., Zidkova, E., Ludka, O., Olsr, J., Kotik, L., Plocova, K., Racz, B., Ferkl, R., Hubac, J., Kotik, I., Monhart, Z., Burianova, H., Jerabek, O., Pisova, J., Petrova, I., Dedek, V., Honkova, M., Podrazil, P., Spinar, J., Vitovec, J., Novak, M., Lastuvka, J., Durdil, V., Antonova, P., Bockova, L., Bultas, J., Chlumsky, J., Dastychova, L., Drasnar, T., Honek, J., Horejsi, M., Hubacova, V., Janska, L., Kopeckova, I., Kratochvilova, R., Krcova, E., Labrova, R., Lindourkova, A., Lipoldova, J., Lubanda, H., Ludkova, A., Mahdalikova, L., Majerníkova, M., Michalik, D., Potuznik, P., Prochazkova, E., Sulc, A., Sveceny, J., Valtova, M., Zidek, M., Zika, J., Nielsen, J., Nielsen, H., Husted, S., Hintze, U., Rasmussen, S., Bremmelgaard, A., Markenvard, J., Boerger, J., Solgaard, J., Simonsen, P., Loekkegaard, T., Bruun, M., Mertz, J., Domínguez, H., Skagen, K., Egstrup, K., Ibsen, H., Raymond, I., Bang-Hansen, T., Ellervik, C., Eriksen, E., Jensen, L., Jensen, M., Leth, M., Nygaard, A., Park, J., Schou, M., Therkelsen, A., Tilma, J., Vesterager, K., Raatikainen, P., Airaksinen, J., Arola, O., Koistinen, J., Nappila, H., Peltomäki, K., Rasanen, V., Vasankari, T., Le Heuzey, J. -Y., Galinier, M., Gottwalles, Y., Paganelli, F., Loiselet, P., Muller, J. -J., Koujan, M. B., Marquand, A., Destrac, S., Piot, O., Delarche, N., Cebron, J. -P., Boveda, S., Guenoun, M., Guedj-Meynier, D., Galley, D., Ohayon, J., Assouline, S., Zuber, M., Amarenco, P., Ellie, E., Kadouch, J., Fournier, P. -Y., Huberman, J. -P., Lemaire, M., Rodier, G., Milandre, L., Vandamme, X., Sibon, I., Neau, J. -P., Mahagne, M. H., Mielot, A., Bonnefoy, M., Churet, J. -B., Navarre, V., Sellem, F., Monniot, G., Boyes, J. -P., Doucet, B., Martelet, M., Obadia, D., Crousillat, B., Mouallem, J., Bearez, E., Nazeyrollas, P., Brugnaux, J. P., Fedorowsky, A., Casassus, F., Berneau, J. -B., Chemin, F., Falvo, N., Perron, J. -M., Poulard, J. -E., Barreau, A., Beltra, C., Corrihons, E., Decarsin, N., Dubois, B., Ducasse, E., Giry, X., Kemmel, A., Ledure, S., Lemaire, N., Robin, F., Rosolin, N., Sanchez, D., Suissa, A., Darius, H., Königer, G., Purr, J., Gerbaulet, U., Kellner, B. -T., Kopf, A., Schäfer, T., Zauzig, H., Riegel, P., Hohensee, H., Eißfeller, E., Eder, W., Rehling, G., Glatzel, D., Zutz, S., Heinz, G. -U., Menke, H., Pustelnik, A., Sandow, P., Ludwig, N., Wiswedel, H., Wildenauer, W., Axthelm, C., Schwarz, T., Babyesiza, A., Stuchlik, G., Zimny, H. -H., Kropp, M., Kahl, F., Caspar, A., Omankowsky, S., Läßig, T., Hartmann, H. -J., Lehmann, G., Bindig, H. -W., Hergdt, G., Reimer, D., Hauk, J., Dorsch, W., Dshabrailov, J., Michel, H., Rapp, K. -A., Vormann, R., Mayer, P., Horstmeier, U., Eissing, V., Hey, H., Leuchtgens, H., Lilienweiß, V., Kolitsch, K., Schubert, C., Lauer, H., Buchner, T., Brauer, G., Kamin, S., Müller, K., Abdel-Qader, M., Baumbach, S., Ebert, H. -H., Schwencke, C., Schellong, S., Bernhardt, P., Karolyi, L., Sievers, B., Haverkamp, W., Salbach, P., Röhnisch, J. -U., Schoen, S., Erdle, W., Mueller, T., Mueller, H., Mitrovic, V., Babjakova, Z., Bergner, K., Boehme, S., Bonin, K., Buckert, D., Busch, F., Dichristin, U., Diez, S., Fleck, A., Flint, K., Floegel, H., Fritz, C., Frommhold, R., Gehre, J., Geyer, J., Grytzmann, A., Hahn, M., Helgert, K., Hubert, K., Kirchner-Volker, K., Klein, V., Kroll, D., Krueger, A., Lehmann, R., Mann, L., Maselli, A., Menken, G., Mikes, K., Mortan, H., Nasser, N., Nicolaus, D., Plauskat, A., Pomper, L., Quietzsch, A., Ravenhorst, C., Reichelt, C., Reimer, C., Schaefer, B., Scharrer, S., Schirmer, K., Schmidt, K., Schoene, R., Schulze, J., Schuppe, M., Simon, S., Sommer, S., Spranger, K., Talkenberger, A., Tauber, K., Tetlak, A., Toennishoff, T., Voelkel-Babyesiza, R., Voigts, B., Weiser, U., Wesendorf, S., Wildenauer, S., Wolf, T., Wurziger, J., Zak, J., Zauzig, H. -D., Ziefle, S., Zincke, S., Keltai, M., Vangel, S., Szalai, G., Merkely, B., Kancz, S., Boda, Z., Nagy, A., Laszlo, Z., Matoltsy, A., Gaszner, B., Polgar, P., Habon, T., Noori, E., Juhasz, G., Kanakaridisz, N., Szentpeteri, I., Juhasz, F., Vertes, A., Papp, A., May, Z., Ferenczi, J., Egyutt, M., Kis, E., Engelthaler, G., Szantai, G., Fulop, E., Gombos, P., Gulyas, D., Jen, P., Kiralyhazine Gyorke, E., Kovacs, M., Kovacsne Levang, S., Marianna, S., Radics, Z., Sydó, N., Szalo, R., Szilagyi, A., Sztanyik, F., Vandrus, B., Agnelli, G., Ambrosio, G., Tiraferri, E., Santoro, R., Testa, S., Di Minno, G., Moia, M., Caimi, T. M., Martini, G., Tessitori, M., Cappelli, R., Poli, D., Quintavalla, R., Melone, F., Cosmi, F., Pizzini, A., Piseddu, G., Fanelli, R., Latella, C., Santi, R., Pancaldi, L., De Cristofaro, R., Palareti, G., De Blasio, A., Salerno Uriarte, J., Minetti, F., Pogliani, E. M., Lonati, L. M., Accogli, M., Ciampani, N., Malengo, S., Feola, M., Raisaro, A., Fattore, L., Grilli, P., Germini, F., Settimi, M., Alunni, M., Duranti, G., Tedeschi, L., Baglioni, G., Avanzino, G., Berardi, M., Pannacci, V., Giombolini, A., Nicoli, S., Scarponi, T., Allasia, B., Ricciarini, P., Nasorri, R., Argena, A., Bossolasco, P., Ronchini, P., Filippi, A., Tradati, F., Bulla, C., Donzelli, L., Foppa, L., Bottarelli, M. L., Tomasello, A., Mauric, A., Femiano, C., Reggio, R., Lillo, F., Mariani, A., Forcignanò, F., Volpe, M., D'Avino, M., Bongiorni, M. G., Severi, S., Capucci, A., Lodigiani, C., Salomone, E., Serviddio, G., Tondo, C., Golino, P., Mazzone, C., Iacopino, S., Pengo, V., Galvani, M., Moretti, L., Ambrosino, P., Banfi, E., Biagioli, V., Bianchi, A., Boggian, G., Breschi, M., Brusorio, S., Calcagnoli, F., Campagna, G., Carpenedo, M., Ciabatta, C., Ciliberti, G., Cimmino, G., D'Arienzo, C., Di Gennaro, L., Fedele, M., Ferrini, P. M., Granzow, K., Guazzaloca, G., Guerra, F., Lo Buglio, A., Longo, S., Macellari, F., Mesolella, E., Mollica Poeta, E., Occhilupo, P., Oriana, V., Rangel, G., Salomone, L., Scaccianoce, A., Scarone, C., Segreti, L., Sottilota, G., Villani, R., Zecca, C., ten Cate, H., Ruiter, J. H., Klomps, H., Bongaerts, M., Pieterse, M. G. C., Guldener, C., Herrman, J. -P., Lochorn, G., Lucassen, A., Adriaansen, H., The, S. H. K., Nierop, P. R., Hoogslag, P. A. M., Hermans, W., Groenemeijer, B. E., Terpstra, W., Buiks, C., Boersma, L. V. 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Subjects: Registrie, Male, Time Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, India, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Survival Rate, Thromboembolism, Registries, Risk Assessment, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Incidence (epidemiology), cardiovascular system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, RD1-811, Prognosi, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Survival rate, Fibrillation, business.industry, Risk Factor, ta3121, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, RC666-701, Surgery, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, business
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018
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30. A New Family of Small-Molecule CD4-Mimetic Compounds Contacts Highly Conserved Aspartic Acid 368 of HIV-1 gp120 and Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Author: Joseph Sodroski, William D. Tolbert, Andrés Finzi, Jean-Philippe Chapleau, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Melissa C. Grenier, Jonathan Richard, Cameron F. Abrams, Jérémie Prévost, Marzena Pazgier, A.B. Smith rd, Rebekah Sherburn, Halima Medjahed, Dani Vézina, and Shilei Ding
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Immunology, HIV Infections, Biology, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Microbiology, Epitope, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Epitopes, Viral entry, Virology, Aspartic acid, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, 0303 health sciences, Aspartic Acid, 030306 microbiology, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Virion, Small molecule, Antibodies, Neutralizing, 3. Good health, Cell biology, HEK293 Cells, chemistry, Insect Science, CD4 Antigens, biology.protein, HIV-1, Pathogenesis and Immunity, Antibody, Glycoprotein, Protein Binding
Abstract: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer mediates virus entry into cells. The “closed” conformation of Env is resistant to nonneutralizing antibodies (nnAbs). These antibodies mostly recognize occluded epitopes that can be exposed upon binding of CD4 or small-molecule CD4 mimetics (CD4mc). Here, we describe a new family of small molecules that expose Env to nnAbs and sensitize infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These compounds have a limited capacity to inhibit virus infection directly but are able to sensitize viral particles to neutralization by otherwise nonneutralizing antibodies. Structural analysis shows that some analogs of this family of CD4mc engage the gp120 Phe43 cavity by contacting the highly conserved D368 residue, making them attractive scaffolds for drug development. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 has evolved multiple strategies to avoid humoral responses. One efficient mechanism is to keep its envelope glycoprotein (Env) in its “closed” conformation. Here, we report on a new family of small molecules that are able to “open up” Env, thus exposing vulnerable epitopes. This new family of molecules binds in the Phe43 cavity and contacts the highly conserved D368 residue. The structural and biological attributes of molecules of this family make them good candidates for drug development.
Published: 2019

31. From antimicrobial activity to mechanism of resistance: the multifaceted role of simple quaternary ammonium compounds in bacterial eradication

Author: Melissa C. Grenier, Kevin L. Caran, Laura E. Ator, Kyle Seifert, Megan C. Jennings, William M. Wuest, Kevin P. C. Minbiole, Jacob W. Black, and Jade E. LaDow
Subjects: biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Combinatorial chemistry, Ammonium compounds, 0104 chemical sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Drug Discovery, medicine, Organic chemistry, Bacteria
Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a prominent class of antibacterial agents. Drawing inspiration from commercial disinfectants and antimicrobial natural products, we have derivatized structurally diverse tertiary amines to generate several different classes of QACs. We have synthesized over 200 QACs, many of which exhibit potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Analysis of the structure–activity relationship of our compounds have led to the facile production of inexpensive QACs that display ∼1 μM MIC against a suite of bacteria, and furthermore do not appear to trigger bacterial resistance systems in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Published: 2016
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32. Identification and modelling of the oxygen gas diffusion impedance in SOFC porous electrodes: application to Pr2NiO4+δ

Author: J-C. Grenier, Sébastien Fourcade, J-M. Bassat, Vaibhav Vibhu, Aline Rougier, Aurélien Flura, Clément Nicollet, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement n° [256768], European Project: 256768,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,FCH-JU-2009-1,RAMSES(2011), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Molecular diffusion, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, Non-blocking I/O, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Capacitance, 0104 chemical sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, Phase (matter), Electrode, Electrochemistry, Solid oxide fuel cell, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: An in-depth analysis of the very low frequency impedance arcs observed when measuring efficient solid oxide fuel cell electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is reported in this paper. The study was carried out on Pr 2 NiO 4+ δ //Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 2- δ //3 mol. % Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 symmetrical half-cell. In the temperature range 500–900 °C, three impedance arcs related to O 2 molecular diffusion were distinguished from the EIS measurements. Based on theoretical calculations using the Adler-Lane-Steele (ALS) and Dusty gas models, the arc at highest frequencies was ascribed to the diffusion of O 2 in the porous structures of the electrode and collecting gold grid. It obeys the ALS model, i.e. a parallel R//C impedance with a capacitance coming mainly from the solid phase. The second arc at medium frequencies was ascribed to the diffusion of O 2 in the porous structure of the ceramic part used to maintain the gold grid. It follows the Dusty gas model, i.e. a Warburg impedance with relaxation time depending on the gas phase properties. Finally, the third one at lowest frequencies was ascribed to the “gas conversion” phenomenon, coming from a difference in the local p O 2 above the active sites of the working and counter electrodes. This gas conversion impedance largely increases when clogging the channels of the gas distribution system.
Published: 2015
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33. La nouvelle gouvernance des politiques médicosociales : variations régionales

Author: Hudebine, Hervé, C, Grenier, Laboratoire d'Études et de Recherche en Sociologie (LABERS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), and ALAOUI, MAHEBENA
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

34. ISQUA18-2617Patients Engagement Strategy: 10 Years, Step by Step at French National Authority for Health

Author: C Grenier, J Andre-Vert, B Lucet, and V Ghadi
Subjects: business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, National authority, Patient advocacy, Chronic disease, Nursing, Medicine, Patient participation, Quality of care, business, Accreditation, Patient education
Published: 2018
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35. TMEDA-derived biscationic amphiphiles: An economical preparation of potent antibacterial agents

Author: Megan C. Jennings, Julianne Azarewicz, Melissa C. Grenier, Kevin P. C. Minbiole, Thomas J. Paniak, William M. Wuest, and Jacob W. Black
Subjects: Staphylococcus aureus, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Ethylenediamines, Antimicrobial, Biochemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Structure-Activity Relationship, Surface-Active Agents, Cations, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Drug Discovery, Amphiphile, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Side chain, Molecular Medicine, Organic chemistry, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Bis-alkylated derivatives of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) represent a well-known class of versatile biscationic amphiphiles, owing to their low cost and ease of preparation. Asymmetric TMEDA derivatives, however, have been studied significantly less, particularly in regards to their antimicrobial properties. We have thus prepared a series of 36 mono- and bis-alkylated TMEDA derivatives to evaluate their inhibition of bacterial growth. This series of compounds showed low micromolar activity against a panel of four bacteria. Optimal inhibition was observed when the biscationic amphiphiles possessed modest asymmetry and were composed of between 20 and 24 total carbon atoms in the side chains. These amphiphiles were prepared in a simple two-step procedure, utilizing inexpensive materials and atom-economical reactions, making them practical for further development.
Published: 2014
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36. The antibacterial activity of 4,4′-bipyridinium amphiphiles with conventional, bicephalic and gemini architectures

Author: Kelsey L. Wilson-Henjum, Melissa C. Grenier, Jade E. LaDow, Jacob W. Black, Robert W. Davis, Kevin L. Caran, Kyle Seifert, and Kevin P. C. Minbiole
Subjects: Alkylation, Pyridines, Clinical Biochemistry, Iodide, Molecular Conformation, Color, Pharmaceutical Science, Pyridinium Compounds, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Biochemistry, Medicinal chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Surface-Active Agents, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isomerism, Bromide, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Drug Discovery, Amphiphile, Organic chemistry, Molecular Biology, Alkyl, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Cationic polymerization, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Solubility, Molecular Medicine, Counterion, Antibacterial activity, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Dialkyl 4,4'-bipyridinium compounds are widely employed for their useful redox properties, and are commonly known as viologens due to their intense coloration upon reduction. Despite their prevalence and amphiphilic nature, the antibacterial activity of these compounds remains largely unreported. We have thus prepared a series of mono- and bis-alkylated analogs of 4,4'-bipyridine to investigate structure-activity relationships in their inhibition of a battery of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The prepared cationic compounds were conventional (one cationic head, one non-polar tail), bicephalic (two heads, one tail), or gemini (two heads, two tails) in their amphiphilic structure. Additionally, an isomeric series of six bis-alkylated compounds ranging from symmetric (PQ-11,11) to highly asymmetric (PQ-20,2) were prepared. Four themes of bioactivity emerged: (1) the most bioactive compounds were gemini in structure; (2) 22 carbons in the alkyl chains, with little to modest asymmetry, led to optimal activity; (3) bicephalic compounds were generally comparable to conventional amphiphiles, though only about 12 carbons in the alkyl chains were solubilized in water by each cationic nitrogen; (4) the effects of counterion identity were not evident between chlorides and bromides; however, the presence of the iodide counterion inhibited dissolution in all compounds tested. Three isomeric compounds with little to no asymmetry in tail length, PQ-11,11, PQ-12,10, and PQ-14,8, prepared as the bromide salts, showed comparable and highly potent activity, with MIC levels around 2 μM against 3 of 4 bacteria tested. The simple (one- to two-step) syntheses of potent antimicrobials portend well for future optimization.
Published: 2012
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37. L'annonce de la maladie : satisfaction des patients et démarche qualité dans les Centres de lutte contre le cancer

Author: G. Marx, F. Farsi, T. Tursz, S. Gameroff, O. Peixoto, Anne Brédart, C. Grenier, and A. De Jésus
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Hematology, General Medicine
Abstract: Resume Une enquete, concue pour evaluer la satisfaction des patients traites dans un Centre de lutte contre le cancer (CLCC) quant a l'annonce du diagnostic de leur maladie et de son traitement et optimiser les pratiques actuelles, a ete conduite par le groupe des CLCC. Methodes Mille six cent six patients traites dans un CLCC ont participe a une enquete telephonique. Tous les patients en prise en charge initiale (i.e. hors rechute) dans chaque CLCC participant ont ete inclus pendant trois semaines. Ils ont ete interroges sur leur satisfaction quant a l'annonce du diagnostic et du traitement de leur maladie. Certains facteurs individuels, determinants potentiels de la satisfaction, ont ete pris en compte. L'etude a considere les resultats en termes d'excellence, ne considerant que les taux de patients tres satisfaits. Resultats La satisfaction globale (patients tres satisfaits) est de 77 % quant a la prise en charge dans le centre et de 63 % quant a la consultation initiale d'annonce (diagnostic et/ou proposition du traitement). Un modele etabli par analyse de regression ( partial least squares [PLS]) a identifie quatre dimensions principales et leurs contributions relatives a la satisfaction du patient : la relation du patient avec son medecin (64 %), la nature des informations transmises (14 % ; dimension fortement influencee par l'information sur le type, la duree et l'organisation pratique du traitement prevu), l'agenda (14 % ; dimension fortement influencee par le delai d'attente lors de la consultation d'annonce), l'accompagnement (8 % ; dimension influencee a part egale par l'information sur le soutien possible de la famille proche et le role des associations de patients ou groupes d'entraide). En outre, 90 % des patients etaient satisfaits du niveau de leur implication dans les discussions concernant leur prise en charge. Discussion Les patients atteints de cancer pris en charge (i.e. hors rechutes) dans les CLCC sont globalement tres satisfaits. Pour autant, des actions d'amelioration sont utiles ; le modele d'evaluation de la satisfaction elabore permet de comprendre les differentes composantes expliquant la satisfaction et d'analyser les resultats des centres de maniere comparative. Il a ete concu comme un outil d'evaluation permettant le benchmarking des composantes de la satisfaction afin d'ameliorer les pratiques et resultats dans ce domaine.
Published: 2010
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38. Evaluation of the ARCHITECT urine NGAL assay: Assay performance, specimen handling requirements and biological variability

Author: Salman Ali, Ming Liao, Hina N. Syed, Frank C. Grenier, Frans Martens, Pui-Yuen Wong, Ryan F. Workman, Y. Wang, Laboratory Medicine, and NCA - Hormones and the Brain
Subjects: Adult, Clinical Biochemistry, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Efficiency, Urine, Urinalysis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, Drug Incompatibility, Lipocalin-2, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Humans, Medicine, Child, Observer Variation, Reproducibility, Chromatography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Acute Kidney Injury, Prognosis, Lipocalins, Sample stability, Urine ngal, Immunoassay, Immunology, Variance components, business, Biomarkers, Acute-Phase Proteins, Biological variability
Abstract: Objectives: NGAL (Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin) has emerged as a new biomarker for the identification of acute kidney injury. Reliable clinical evaluations require a simple, robust test method for NGAL, and knowledge of specimen handling and specimen stability characteristics. We evaluated the performance of a new urine NGAL assay on the ARCHITECT analyzer. Methods: Assay performance characteristics were evaluated using standard protocols. Urine specimen storage requirements were determined and biological variability was assessed in a self-declared apparently healthy population. Results: Assay performance data showed good precision, sensitivity and lot-to-lot reproducibility. There was good short term 2–8 °C sample stability, however, long term storage samples must be kept at − 70 °C or colder. The largest variance component in a biological variance study was within-day. Conclusions: The ARCHITECT NGAL assay proved to be a precise and reproducible assay for the determination of urine NGAL.
Published: 2010
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39. COMPAQH : recherches sur le développement des indicateurs qualité hospitaliers

Author: C. Corriol, V. Daucourt, C. Grenier, Etienne Minvielle, and C. Coudert
Subjects: Balance (accounting), Epidemiology, Political science, Welfare economics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quality measurement
Abstract: After three years, the coordination de la mesure de la performance pour l’amelioration de la qualite hospitaliere (COMPAQH) project can deliver its first findings and consider new perspectives of development. Which indicators are diffused? Under which criteria are they assessed? Which interhospital variability is observed? How to consider their application into hospitals? Which balance can we define between internal and external use? And finally, which consideration can we give to this program of quality measurement? This article addresses these different questions, giving a state of the development of this program.
Published: 2008
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40. Urine NGAL Predicts Severity of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

Author: Michael J. Bennett, Prasad Devarajan, Ryan F. Workman, Jonathan Barasch, Hina N. Syed, Salman Ali, Sudha Dastrala, Qing Ma, Catherine L. Dent, and Frank C. Grenier
Subjects: Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Creatinine, Epidemiology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Area under the curve, Acute kidney injury, Urine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, law.invention, Surgery, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Nephrology, law, Predictive value of tests, Cardiopulmonary bypass, medicine, Prospective cohort study, business, Dialysis
Abstract: Background and objectives: The authors have previously shown that urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), measured by a research ELISA, is an early predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this study, whether an NGAL immunoassay developed for a standardized clinical platform (ARCHITECT analyzer®, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) can predict AKI after CPB was tested. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: In a pilot study with 136 urine samples (NGAL range, 0.3 to 815 ng/ml) and 6 calibration standards (NGAL range, 0 to 1000 ng/ml), NGAL measurements by research ELISA and by the ARCHITECT® assay were highly correlated (r = 0.99). In a subsequent study, 196 children undergoing CPB were prospectively enrolled and serial urine NGAL measurements obtained by ARCHITECT® assay. The primary outcome was AKI, defined as a ≥50% increase in serum creatinine. Results: AKI developed in 99 patients (51%), but the diagnosis using serum creatinine was delayed by 2 to 3 d after CPB. In contrast, mean urine NGAL levels increased 15-fold within 2 h and by 25-fold at 4 and 6 h after CPB. For the 2-h urine NGAL measurement, the area under the curve was 0.95, sensitivity was 0.82, and the specificity was 0.90 for prediction of AKI using a cutoff value of 100 ng/ml. The 2-h urine NGAL levels correlated with severity and duration of AKI, length of stay, dialysis requirement, and death. Conclusions: Accurate measurements of urine NGAL are obtained using the ARCHITECT® platform. Urine NGAL is an early predictive biomarker of AKI severity after CPB.
Published: 2008
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41. Influence of Temperature on Survival and Conjugative Transfer of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Plasmids in Chicken Manure and Compost Microcosms

Author: A. Wasty, M. Chan, Jiewen Guan, and C. Grenier
Subjects: engineering.material, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Soil, Plasmid, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, medicine, Animals, Incubation, Compost, Temperature, General Medicine, Manure, Anti-Bacterial Agents, engineering, Thermodynamics, Animal Science and Zoology, Chicken manure, Microcosm, Chickens, Plasmids
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if mobile plasmids carrying antibiotic-resistant genes could survive and be transferred in chicken manure maintained under conditions similar to those found in commercial cage layer operations and during composting. Escherichia coli J5 harboring a self-transmissible plasmid (RP4) and E. coli C600 harboring a mobile plasmid (pIE723) were used as plasmid donors; E. coli CV601 was used as a plasmid recipient. At 23 degrees C both plasmids were transferred to E. coli CV601 in chicken manure and in compost microcosms that consisted of a mixture of chicken manure and peat. The transfer frequencies ranged from 8.1 x 10(-5) to 2.4 x 10(-3) per donor cell in manure and from 2.4 x 10(-5) to 5.5 x 10(-4) per donor cell in compost microcosms. After 45 d of incubation at 23 degrees C, RP4, but not pIE723, was recovered by an exogenous isolation method although their E. coli hosts were not cultured from the microcosms. However, when the temperatures of the compost microcosms were elevated to 50 degrees C or above, neither the plasmids nor their E. coli hosts could be detected. The results suggested that composting of chicken manure at high temperatures could help prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes via plasmids in the environment.
Published: 2007
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42. Proton Hydration and Transport Properties in Proton- Conducting Ceramics: Fundamentals and Highlights

Author: A Magrasó, P. Berger, J.-C. Grenier, N. Sata, and F. Mauvy
Subjects: Materials science, Proton, Chemical physics, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ceramic
Published: 2015
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43. Proton Hydration and Transport Properties in Proton-Conducting Ceramics: Fundamentals and HighlightsProton Hydration and Transport Properties in Proton-Conducting Ceramics: Fundamentals and Highlights

Author: J.-C. Grenier, F. Mauvy, R Haugsrud, N. Sata, A Magrasó, P Slater, P. Berger, and J Dailly
Subjects: Materials science, Proton, Chemical engineering, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Mechanical engineering, Ceramic
Published: 2015
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44. Développement d’indicateurs de qualité au sein des établissements de santé : le projet COMPAQH

Author: C. Grenier-Sennelier, V. Daucourt, Etienne Minvielle, C. Corriol, and P. Michel
Subjects: Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract: Position du probleme Le projet COMPAQH, coordonne par l’Institut national de la sante et de recherche medicale, a pour objectif de selectionner une batterie d’indicateurs de la qualite de la prise en charge du patient (IQ) par les Etablissements de Sante (ES) afin de les tester et de les valider en 2004-2005, au sein d’un panel de 36 ES volontaires, de comparer anonymement les ES et d’en etudier les implications manageriales. Methodes En 2003, la selection des indicateurs a ete realisee en quatre etapes : (1) Definition d’objectifs prioritaires (OP) de l’amelioration de la qualite. Elle a ete elaboree par les promoteurs du projet (Direction de l’hospitalisation et de l’organisation des soins, Agence nationale d’accreditation et d’evaluation en sante et Federations hospitalieres) et les ES participants selon cinq criteres : importance du theme (notamment coherence avec les priorites nationales de sante publique), variabilite inter-etablissements, mesures existantes, marge d’amelioration, coherence avec le manuel d’accreditation. (2) Definition de 81 IQ illustrant ces OP a partir d’une analyse de la litterature ; chaque IQ est decrit par un « cahier des charges » (justification de l’interet, modalites de construction, modes de recueil de donnees). (3) Evaluation des 81 IQ selon quatre criteres: importance du phenomene etudie, qualites metrologiques, faisabilite et coherence avec les demarches existantes. (4) Selection definitive des IQ a tester selon une methode Delphi. Resultats (1) Huit OP ont ete definis : lutter contre la douleur, assurer la continuite de la prise en charge, lutter contre les troubles nutritionnels, lutter contre le risque iatrogene (dont les infections nosocomiales), ameliorer la satisfaction du patient, respecter les bonnes pratiques cliniques, accroitre la motivation, la responsabilisation et l’evaluation des competences des professionnels, garantir l’accessibilite. (2) 42 IQ ont ete selectionnes : 6 IQ communs a tous les ES et 7 a 18 IQ specifiques selon les secteurs d’activite des ES participants. Conclusion Les IQ selectionnes associent majoritairement des mesures de processus a des mesures de resultats. Le principal critere de selection retenu par les ES est la faisabilite du recueil des donnees. L’utilisation des IQ se concoit selon trois objectifs : amelioration interne, diffusion publique, regulation des financements hospitaliers.
Published: 2005
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45. Sorghums of the Sudan: analysis of regional diversity and distribution

Author: J. A. Dahlberg, D. T. Rosenow, Gebisa Ejeta, G. C. Peterson, M Mahmoud, A El-Ahmadi, C Grenier, and P. J. Bramel
Subjects: Germplasm, biology, business.industry, Sorghum bicolor, Plant Science, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Livelihood, Diversity index, Agronomy, Agriculture, Genetics, Plant breeding, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Panicle
Abstract: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very important crop in the Sudan serving as a primary source of food, beverage, and total livelihood for millions of people in the country. The crop originated in the Northeast quadrant of Africa, and the Sudan is widely recognized as a major centre of diversity. Although Sudanese sorghum germplasm has been assembled and stored over the last 50 years, careful analysis of this valuable germplasm has not been made. The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic diversity and compare pattern of distribution among Sudanese sorghum landraces collected from different geographical regions. Phenotypic diversity among landraces was high, as expressed by the large range of variation for mean quantitative traits and the high (0.81) Shannon-Weaver diversity index. Landraces from Gezira-Gedarif tended to be shorter in stature, earlier in maturity and less sensitive to changes in photoperiod. They also had long, narrow and compact panicles that may result from adaptation to low rainfall and early adoption of mechanized farming practices. In contrast, taller and later maturing plant types characterized sorghums from Equatoria, most of which delayed their flowering in response to increased day-length. These sorghums included many genotypes with small and light kernels. Collections from Kassala showed a higher frequency of landraces with kernels that were more difficult to thresh. Landraces from Blue Nile tended to have greater agronomic eliteness with higher proportion of landraces with white kernels, poorly covered and that were easy to thresh. Sorghums from the Upper Nile tended to have loose panicles with poorly covered kernels that may result from adaptation to high rainfall of the Southern region. Although distinct distributions of types were represented by geographical origin, a high level of within-region diversity was present among all Sudanese sorghums.
Published: 2004
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46. Treatment of Vapor-Phase Organohalides with Zero-Valent Iron and Ni/Fe Reductants

Author: A. Lynn Roberts, D. Howard Fairbrother, Molly M. McGuire, and Adam C. Grenier
Subjects: Zerovalent iron, Auger electron spectroscopy, Ethylene, Soil vapor extraction, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Pollution, Vinyl chloride, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Reactivity (chemistry), skin and connective tissue diseases, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: The reduction of vapor-phase cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) by zero-valent iron [Fe(0)] and nickel-plated iron (Ni/Fe) was assessed as a possible treatment strategy for organohalides in landfill gas and soil vapor extraction system offgas. The rate of cis-DCE removal and the consequent formation of ethylene, ethane, and vinyl chloride were measured in both batch and column reactors. Auger Electron Spectroscopy was used to determine nickel surface loading before and a fter reaction. In batch experiments, nickel surface loadings greater than 30% increased the pseudo-first-order rate constant for cis-DCE reduction by a factor of 10–20 over that of unamended Fe(0). In column studies using Ni/Fe particles (40% nickel surface loading), 100% removal of gaseous cis-DCE was initially achieved from both anaerobic and aerobic gas streams, compared to only partial removal of cis-DCE in columns containing Fe(0). The enhanced reactivity of Ni/Fe r eductants relative to Fe(0) diminished, however, over time in both a...
Published: 2004
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47. RADARSAT-2 SAR antenna

Author: G. Lefebvre, C. Grenier, and J. Uher
Subjects: Synthetic aperture radar, Beam waveguide antenna, Reconfigurable antenna, Computer science, Payload, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Antenna measurement, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, law.invention, law, Electronic engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Electronics, Antenna feed, Antenna (radio), Remote sensing
Abstract: The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) payload is made up of two major components, the sensor electronics (SE) subsystem and the SAR antenna. This technical note focuses on the RADARSAT-2 SAR antenna radio frequency (RF) and mechanical design and presents an overview of the antenna RF performance requirements and design trade-offs that led to the baseline design concept. Design of the key antenna subsystems is described, and some of the measured RF performance is shown.
Published: 2004
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48. Applications of surface analysis in the environmental sciences: dehalogenation of chlorocarbons with zero-valent iron and iron-containing mineral surfaces

Author: Daniel L. Carlson, Tamar Kohn, A. Lynn Roberts, Laura A. Langley, D. Howard Fairbrother, Peter J. Vikesland, Adam C. Grenier, and Molly M. McGuire
Subjects: Zerovalent iron, Chemistry, Environmental remediation, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Biochemistry, Sulfide minerals, Analytical Chemistry, Metal, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Reductive dechlorination, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Groundwater
Abstract: Halogenated organic compounds are common pollutants in groundwater. Consequently, there is widespread interest in understanding the reactions of these compounds in the environment and developing remediation strategies. One area of ongoing research involves the reductive dechlorination of organohalides with zero-valent metals or metal sulfide minerals. These processes have been studied almost exclusively from the perspective of the aqueous phase. In this paper we illustrate the utility of surface analysis techniques, including electron spectroscopies, vibrational spectroscopies, and atomic force microscopy in elucidating the roles played by the surface. A dual analysis approach to the study of reductive dechlorination, combining traditional solution phase analysis with surface analytical techniques, also is demonstrated using a liquid cell coupled to an ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis chamber.
Published: 2003
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49. Total plasma antioxidant capacity in cystic fibrosis

Author: C. Grenier, Vijaylaxmi Grey, and Larry C. Lands
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, Antioxidant, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Albumin, Glutathione, medicine.disease_cause, Pulmonary function testing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, medicine, Uric acid, Lung volumes, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Several studies have demonstrated ongoing oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis (CF). With the complexity of the antioxidant network, measurement of individual antioxidants does not necessarily assess how they work in combination. One measure that has been proposed as a gauge of total plasma antioxidant capacity is the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of plasma. We decided to look at plasma TEAC levels in children with CF, and relate this measure to their nutritional status, lung function, and blood measurements of several known antioxidants. We hypothesized that values in general would be lower than healthy control values, especially during acute pulmonary exacerbations. Twenty-nine children were evaluated, five of whom were during an acute pulmonary exacerbation. Height and weight, expiratory spirometry, and lung volumes were assessed, as were serum concentrations of vitamins A and E, uric acid, albumin, and lymphocyte glutathione (GSH) concentrations. TEAC values for nonhospitalized patients (1.40 ± 0.20 mmol/L) were not different from laboratory control values (1.35 ± 0.11 mmol/L), but greater than values for hospitalized patients (1.09 ± 0.17 mmol/L). TEAC correlated with anthropometric values (height: r = 0.39, P < 0.03; weight: r = 0.50, P < 0.01; body mass index: r = 0.47, P < 0.01), and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec: r = 0.43, P < 0.02; residual volume/total lung capacity: r = −0.42, P < 0.03), but not with age. Univariate correlation with blood measurements demonstrated a significant correlation of TEAC with uric acid (r = 0.49, P < 0.02), but not with albumin, vitamins A or E, or lymphocyte GSH. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated a correlation between TEAC and uric acid, albumin, and lymphocyte GSH in the non-hospitalized group (r2 = 0.38, P < 0.03). We conclude that TEAC appears to represent a mixed antioxidant response, rather than response to a single antioxidant. While being responsive to oxidative stress, the mechanism of the response may differ between clinical situations, such that the clinical significance of changes in plasma TEAC remains to be defined. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000; 29:81–87. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2000
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50. Nitration of Electron-Rich Aromatic Compounds by Cerium Ammonium Nitrate Coated on Silica

Author: Philippe Cotelle, Jean-Pierre Catteau, and J.-C. Grenier
Subjects: Cerium, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Nitration, Ammonium nitrate, Organic Chemistry, Nitro, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Organic chemistry
Abstract: Treatment of electron-rich aromatic derivatives with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate coated on silica (CAN/Si02) affords nitro aromatic compounds. The scope and the limitation of this reaction are discussed.
Published: 1999
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