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Introduction La nephrectomie partielle (NP) apres embolisation des vaisseaux tumoraux en salle hybride (NPESH) combine l’embolisation des vaisseaux tumoraux et l’enucleation de la tumeur sous coelioscopie dans un meme temps operatoire. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’impact de l’utilisation d’une salle hybride sur la prise en charge des patients traites par chirurgie pour une tumeur localisee du rein. Materiel et methodes Nous avons etudie, via la base de donnees uroCCR, tous les patients consecutifs pris en charge par nephrectomie partielle, dans un centre universitaire pour une tumeur du rein. Pendant la periode 1, de 2011 a mai 2015, les patients ont ete traites par nephrectomie partielle coelioscopique (NPC) ou ouverte (NPCO) classique. Pendant la periode 2, de mai 2015 a mai 2019, les patients ont ete traites par NPESH. Nous avons recueilli les caracteristiques des patients, des tumeurs, les donnees peroperatoires et postoperatoires. Ces donnees ont ete comparees par des tests de Student et du Khi2. Resultats Quatre-vingt-sept NP ont ete realisees pendant la periode 1 et 137 pendant la periode 2. Le score ASA des patients de la periode 2 etait plus eleve (p < 0,0001). La complexite tumorale et la taille tumorale mediane etaient similaires dans les deux groupes (p = 0,852 et p = 0,48). Le taux de complications pour les periodes 1 et 2 etait de 55,2 % et 33,6 % (p = 0,002). Les complications etaient moins severes dans le groupe 2 (p = 0,012). La duree mediane d’hospitalisation etait de 8 et 4 jours pour les periodes 1 et 2 (p < 0,0001). Les marges chirurgicales positives etaient de 2 (2,3 %) et 6 (4,6 %) pour les periodes 1 et 2 (p = 0,713). Discussion L’utilisation de la salle hybride a permis le developpement de la NPESH qui est une technique fiable. Elle semble etre une alternative interessante a la nephrectomie partielle standard en permettant de limiter, le taux de complication et la duree de sejour. Summary Introduction Partial nephrectomy (NP) after embolization of tumor vessels (NPESH) in a hybrid room combines embolization of tumor vessels and enucleation of the tumor under laparoscopy in the same operative time. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the use of NPESH in the management of patients treated with surgery for a localized kidney tumor. Material and methods Using the uroCCR database, we included all consecutive patients operated in a university hospital for localized kidney tumor. From 2011 to May 2015, patients were treated by Standard Partial Nephrectomy (NPS) Laparoscopic or Open and from May 2015 to May 2019 by NPESH. We evaluated characteristics of patients, tumors, perioperative data and complications. These data were compared by Student and Khi2 tests. Results 87 NPS were performed during Period 1 and 137 NPS were performed during period 2. The ASA score of patients undergoing NPESH was higher than NPS (P < 0.0001). The tumor complexity and median tumor size were similar in the two groups (P = 0.852 and P = 0.48). The complication rate for NPS and NPESH was 55.2% and 33.6% (P = 0.002). There were less severe complications in the NEPSH group (P = 0.012). The median length of stay was 8 and 4 days for the NPS and NPESH groups (P < 0.0001). Positive surgical margins were 2 (2.3%) and 6 (4.6%) for the NPS and NPESH group (P = 0.713). Discussion NPESH is an efficient technique compared to NPS. It seems to be an interesting alternative to limit renal ischemia, complication rate and length of stay for the management of localized kidney tumors.

Resume La prise en charge du cancer du rein metastatique a ete bouleversee ces dix dernieres annees par l’apparition de nouveaux traitements et par le progres de la chirurgie et des techniques ablatives. Les therapeutiques pour les patients metastatiques se sont egalement personnalisees et des groupes de pronostics differents ont ete etablis pour mieux adapter le traitement a la gravite de la pathologie. En cas de metastase isolee et lorsque le patient est en bon etat general, il est possible de proposer une exerese chirurgicale, une radiotherapie ou une therapie ablative afin de retarder l’instauration d’un traitement systemique. Jusqu’en 2006, en cas de maladie renale metastatique, le traitement propose etait l’immunotherapie (IL-2 et TNF-alpha). Depuis, des therapies ciblees agissant sur les mecanismes de l’angiogenese ont ete developpees. Plus recemment, l’immunotherapie a revolutionne le traitement du cancer du rein metastatique permettant une amelioration de la survie des patients. Pour chaque patient, une prise en charge multidisciplinaire est organisee avec un projet therapeutique personnalise. Celle-ci necessite une coordination avec l’equipe soignante ainsi qu’une bonne communication avec le patient, son entourage et le medecin.

Rationale: Riverine particulate organic matter is generally considered to be refractory with respect to further decomposition in the ocean. In order to check the validity of this paradigm, there is a real need for tracers sufficiently stable and specific to monitor the degradation of terrestrial higher plant material in the environment. 3β‐Hydroxy‐urs‐12‐en‐11‐one and 3β‐hydroxy‐olean‐12‐en‐11‐one (autoxidation products of α‐ and β‐amyrin) were previously proposed for such use. Methods: Electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) fragmentation pathways of 3β‐hydroxy‐urs‐12‐en‐11‐one and 3β‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐11‐one trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were investigated. These pathways were deduced by: (i) low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), (ii) accurate mass measurement and (iii) deuterium labelling. Quantification of these compounds in total lipid extracts of natural samples was then carried out in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Results: CID‐MS/MS analyses, accurate mass measurement and deuterium‐labelling experiments allowed us to elucidate EIMS fragmentations of 3β‐hydroxy‐urs‐12‐en‐11‐one and 3β‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐11‐one TMS derivatives. Some specific fragmentation pathways, useful in addition to chromatographic retention times for further characterization, could be selected. As an application of some of the described fragmentations, TMS derivatives of these oxidation products were characterized and quantified in MRM mode in different natural samples. Conclusions: EIMS fragmentations of 3β‐hydroxy‐urs‐12‐en‐11‐one and 3β‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐11‐one TMS derivatives exhibit specific fragment ions, which appear to be very useful for the quantification of these oxidation products in natural samples (riverine particulate matter, wet and dry deposited atmospheric particles).

Partial nephrectomy (NP) after embolization of tumor vessels (NPESH) in a hybrid room combines embolization of tumor vessels and enucleation of the tumor under laparoscopy in the same operative time. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the use of NPESH in the management of patients treated with surgery for a localized kidney tumor.Using the uroCCR database, we included all consecutive patients operated in a university hospital for localized kidney tumor. From 2011 to May 2015, patients were treated by Standard Partial Nephrectomy (NPS) Laparoscopic or Open and from May 2015 to May 2019 by NPESH. We evaluated characteristics of patients, tumors, perioperative data and complications. These data were compared by Student and Khi2 tests.87 NPS were performed during Period 1 and 137 NPS were performed during period 2. The ASA score of patients undergoing NPESH was higher than NPS (P0.0001). The tumor complexity and median tumor size were similar in the two groups (P=0.852 and P=0.48). The complication rate for NPS and NPESH was 55.2% and 33.6% (P=0.002). There were less severe complications in the NEPSH group (P=0.012). The median length of stay was 8 and 4 days for the NPS and NPESH groups (P0.0001). Positive surgical margins were 2 (2.3%) and 6 (4.6%) for the NPS and NPESH group (P=0.713).NPESH is an efficient technique compared to NPS. It seems to be an interesting alternative to limit renal ischemia, complication rate and length of stay for the management of localized kidney tumors.

Rationale Isomeric cucurbic acids derive from the reduction of the keto group of jasmonic acids. These growth regulators are natural constituents of various higher plants and fungi. Elucidation of electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) fragmentation pathways of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the different stereoisomers is essential for their characterization and quantification in natural samples. Methods EIMS fragmentation pathways of TMS derivatives of isomeric cucurbic acids and methyl cucurbates were investigated. These pathways were deduced by: (i) low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), (ii) accurate mass measurement, and (iii) deuterium labelling. Results CID-MS/MS analyses, accurate mass measurement and deuterium labelling allowed us to elucidate EIMS fragmentations of TMS derivatives of several isomeric cucurbic acids and methyl cucurbates and to propose some specific fragment ions useful in addition to chromatographic retention times to characterize individual stereoisomers. As an application of some of the described fragmentations, isomeric cucurbic acids were characterized and quantified in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in different natural samples. Conclusions The EIMS fragmentations of TMS derivatives of isomeric cucurbic acids appear to be distinct when the ether and ester groups are in the cis or trans positions, allowing for an easy differentiation of individual stereoisomers in natural samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Objectifs L’embolisation selective des vaisseaux tumoraux avant nephrectomie partielle permet une enucleation de la tumeur renale sans clampage du pedicule renal. Cependant, l’utilisation de produit de contraste et le risque d’embolisation de parenchyme renal sain pourraient provoquer une deterioration de la fonction renale. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer le retentissement de l’embolisation des vaisseaux tumoraux sur la fonction renale. Methodes Nous avons inclus dans la base de donnees prospectives uroCCR tous les patients operes d’une nephrectomie partielle apres embolisation selective des vaisseaux tumoraux en salle hybride pour une tumeur du rein localisee entre mai 2015 et mai 2019 dans un centre unique. Une diminution superieure a 25 % du debit de filtration glomerulaire (DFG) selon la formule MDRD a 6 mois de l’intervention etait consideree comme majeure. Nous avons utilise des donnees de volumetrie renale sur scanner avant chirurgie et a 6 mois de la chirurgie, pour quantifier le pourcentage de perte de parenchyme renal sain. Resultats Nous avons inclus 93 patients dont l’âge moyen etait 60,4 (± 12) ans et 4 (4,3 %) avait une insuffisance renale preoperatoire. La taille tumorale moyenne etait 3,4 (± 1,6) cm et 30 (32,3) patients avaient un stade pT1b-2. A 6 mois, le DFG moyen etait diminue de 9,4 % (± 15), 10 (9 %) patients avaient une perte majeure de fonction renale, un (1 %) patient presentait une nouvelle insuffisance renale et la perte moyenne de parenchyme renal sain etait de 21 (± 20,6) mL. Le nombre d’arteres embolises et la quantite de produit de contraste utilisee n’etaient pas des facteurs associes a une perte significative de fonction renale. Seul l’âge etait un facteur significativement associe a une perte majeure de fonction renale (p = 0,017) ( Tableau 1 ). Conclusion Les variations de fonction renale apres embolisation puis enucleation tumorale sans clampage du pedicule renal sont similaires a celles rapportees dans la litterature pour les autres techniques. L’âge du patient est le principal facteur de deterioration de la fonction renale postoperatoire.

Objectifs La prise en charge chirurgicale par nephrectomie partielle d’une tumeur du rein localisee peut-etre retardee en raison des comorbidites du patient ou encore de problemes d’acces au bloc operatoire. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer l’impact carcinologique d’un delai prolonge avant nephrectomie partielle. Methodes Nous avons inclus dans la base de donnees prospectives uroCCR les patients operes d’une nephrectomie partielle dans un centre unique pour tumeur du rein localisee entre 2015 et 2020. Nous avons etudie le stade anatomopathologique des tumeurs ainsi que le taux de recidive chez les patients ayant eu une prise en charge chirurgicale > 90 jours. L’impact de la realisation d’une biopsie preoperatoire sur ces donnees a egalement ete etudie. Ces donnees ont ete comparees par des tests de Student et de Chi2 a l’aide du logiciel SPSS. Resultats Nous avons inclus 179 patients dont l’âge median etait de 63 (± 13) ans, 41 (23 %) ont recu une biopsie preoperatoire. Quatre-vingt-neuf patients (50 %) ont ete operes dans un delai de plus de 3 mois. Le delai median avant nephrectomie etait alors de 150 (± 139) jours. Il n’existait pas plus de recidive en cas de delai prolonge avant chirurgie (p = 0,617), et le taux de tumeurs de stade T3 etait comparable (p = 0,531). La croissance tumorale, calculee par le differentiel de la taille au diagnostic initial et la taille a l’anatomopathologie etait comparable (p = 0,122). La realisation d’une biopsie preoperatoire entraine un doublement du delai avant chirurgie (p Fig. 1 et Tableau 1 ). Conclusion Une prise en charge par nephrectomie partielle pour tumeur du rein localisee au-dela de 3 mois, notamment pour permettre de biopsier la tumeur en cas de doute diagnostique, ne semble pas impacter le pronostic carcinologique des patients. Ces donnees, validees a plus grande echelle pourraient permettre de rassurer les patients ayant une prise en charge chirurgicale retardee.

Silylation is one of the most prevalent derivatization method. Replacement of active hydrogen (in-OH,-SH or =NH groups) by a silyl group reduces the polarity of the compound and hydrogen bonding 1. Electron ionization (EI) mass spectra of trimethylsilyl ethers or esters exhibit a significant [M-15] + ion formed by loss of a methyl group bonded to silicon, which is very useful in determining the molecular mass. EI mass spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives may be employed not only for molecular weight determinations, but also for structural deductions. 2 They are generally stable during GC-MS analyses, although contamination of the mass spectrometer source with organic substances has been reported to cause some decomposition. 3 Moreover, it may be noted that if the amount of water is too high

SUMMARYWe infer seismic azimuthal anisotropy from ambient-noise-derived Rayleigh waves in the wider Vienna Basin region. Cross-correlations of the ambient seismic field are computed for 1953 station pairs and periods from 5 to 25 s to measure the directional dependence of interstation Rayleigh-wave group velocities. We perform the analysis for each period on the whole data set, as well as in overlapping 2°-cells to regionalize the measurements, to study expected effects from isotropic structure, and isotropic–anisotropic trade-offs. To extract azimuthal anisotropy that relates to the anisotropic structure of the Earth, we analyse the group velocity residuals after isotropic inversion. The periods discussed in this study (5–20 s) are sensitive to crustal structure, and they allow us to gain insight into two distinct mechanisms that result in fast orientations. At shallow crustal depths, fast orientations in the Eastern Alps are S/N to SSW/NNE, roughly normal to the Alps. This effect is most likely due to the formation of cracks aligned with the present-day stress-field. At greater depths, fast orientations rotate towards NE, almost parallel to the major fault systems that accommodated the lateral extrusion of blocks in the Miocene. This is coherent with the alignment of crystal grains during crustal deformation occurring along the fault systems and the lateral extrusion of the central part of the Eastern Alps.

Robot-to-human intent communication has been proposed as a method of enabling fluent coordination in human-robot teams. Prior research has focused on identifying modalities by which intent information can be accurately communicated, but has not yet studied whether intent communication enables fluent or safer coordination in human-robot teams in which intent communication is only supportive to the team's primary task. To address this question, we conduct a study (N = 29) in a mock collaborative manufacturing scenario in which motion-based and display-based intent communication approaches are evaluated under varying penalties for failing to coordinate safely. Subjective and objective measures of team fluency suggest that although intent communication supports fluent coordination, using a purely motion-based or a purely display-based approach may not be the most effective strategy. Although multimodal intent communication did not significantly improve upon unimodal approaches, merging both motion-based and display-based intent communication seems to combine the strengths of both approaches. Interestingly, results also suggest that contrary to theoretical predictions, the positive effect of intent communication is generally robust to teaming scenarios that require members to operate concurrently.

The management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma had changed over the last ten years with the apparition of new treatments and advances in surgery and ablative techniques. The therapies for metastatic patients have also been personalized and different prognostic groups have been established to adapt the treatment to the severity of the disease. Surgical excision, radiotherapy or ablative therapy could be proposed for patients with isolated metastasis and good condition to delay the systemic therapy initiation. Until 2006, in case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, immunotherapy (IL-2 and TNF-alpha) was proposed. Targeted therapies acting on angiogenesis mechanisms have also been developed. Recently, immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic management and has improved the overall survival of patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. For each patient, a multidisciplinary management is organized with a personal therapeutic project. This global management needs coordination with the medical team and also need a good communication with the patient, his entourage and his doctor.

RATIONALE 3,9,13-Trimethyl-6-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tetradecan-1,2-diol and 2,8,12-trimethyl-5-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid appear to be produced during the bacterial metabolism of IP25 , a highly branched isoprenoid lipid often employed for past Arctic sea ice reconstruction. Characterization and quantification of these metabolites in sediments are essential to determine if bacterial degradation may exert a significant influence on IP25 -based palaeo sea ice reconstructions. METHODS Electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) fragmentation pathways of 3,9,13-trimethyl-6-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tetradecan-1,2-diol and 2,8,12-trimethyl-5-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were investigated. These pathways were deduced by: (i) low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), (ii) accurate mass measurement, and (iii) deuterium labelling. RESULTS CID-MS/MS analyses, accurate mass measurement and deuterium-labelling experiments enabled us to elucidate the EIMS fragmentations of 3,9,13-trimethyl-6-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tetradecan-1,2-diol and 2,8,12-trimethyl-5-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid TMS derivatives. Some specific fragment ions useful in addition to chromatographic retention times for further characterization could be identified. As an application of some of the described fragmentations, the TMS derivatives of these metabolites were characterized and quantified in MRM mode in different Arctic sediments. CONCLUSIONS EIMS fragmentations of 3,9,13-trimethyl-6-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tetradecan-1,2-diol and 2,8,12-trimethyl-5-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid TMS derivatives exhibit specific fragment ions, which appear to be very useful for the quantification of these bacterial metabolites of the palaeo tracer IP25 in sediments.

Patients with Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) who undergo total thyroidectomy may be at increased risk for recalcitrant symptomatic hypocalcemia.All patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with a history of preceding RYGBP from 2007 to 2012 were identified retrospectively. Cases were matched 2:1 for age, gender, and BMI to a control group undergoing total thyroidectomy without previous RYGBP during the same study period.Age and body mass index were equivalent between cases (n = 14) and controls (n = 23). A comparison between groups demonstrated that cases had a significantly higher incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia resulting in paresthesia and tetany (38% vs. 0%; P0 .01), received intravenous calcium more often (18% vs. 0%; P0.01), and had longer hospital stays (2.2 vs. 1.2 days, P = 0.02) than controls.Physicians and surgeons need to be aware of this complication and take measures to identify and prevent it, and patients should be informed. In this patient population, calcium levels should be closely monitored and early calcium and vitamin D spplementation should be initiated preemptively.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to analyze the causes of death in patients with loco-regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of the head and neck treated with multimodality treatment. Materiel: The mortality records of 138 advanced head and neck patients treated in our department with surgery and adjuvant (chemo) radiotherapy from 2007 to 2013 were collected and reviewed in this study. Results: From May 2007 to January 2013, 138 patients were followed up with a median follow-up duration of 25 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) were 45%, and 56.1%, respectively. A total of 39 patients (28%) died during the follow-up period. Clearly, in this population, loco-regional relapse accounted for one of the most cause of death but acute and late or chronic treatment-associated causes leading to death occurred in almost 8% of the patients. Furthermore, the risk of death from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was greater in patients with hypopharynx cancer. Univariate analysis indicated that patients with N2b disease and above and vascular tumor embolism had a lower overall survival (p = 0.001 and p = 0.007 respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that N2b disease and above was an independent prognostic factor for poorer loco-regional control (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with surgery and adjuvant (chemo) radiotherapy are potentially curable but face significant risks of mortality from causes other than disease progression.

The diagnosis of invasion of the carotid axis preoperatively is extremely helpful and determines the therapeutic approach as well as the prognosis for patients with tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract. A review of literature to refine the radiological choice between the different existing techniques is provided. It appears that echography gives excellent results.Le diagnostic d’un envahissement de l’axe carotidien en période préopératoire est très utile et détermine l’attitude thérapeutique de même que le pronostic des patients présentant une tumeur des voies aérodigestives supérieures. A l’aide de cas cliniques, les différentes techniques d’imagerie ont été évaluées et une revue de littérature a été réalisée pour affiner le choix de la méthode radiologique. Il apparaît que l’échographie est particulièrement performante.

Rationale C25 tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes are produced by a number of marine diatoms around the world yet are very easily oxidized during senescence to yield several isomeric allylic 9-hydroperoxides. Elucidation of the electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) fragmentation pathways of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the alcohols (obtained by reduction of the corresponding 9-hydroperoxides) is essential for their characterization and quantification in natural samples. Methods EIMS fragmentation pathways of TMS derivatives of isomeric allylic alcohols resulting from NaBH4 reduction of photo- and autoxidation products of HBI alkenes were investigated. These pathways were deduced by: (i) low-energy collision-induced dissociation gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (CID-GC/MS/MS) and (ii) deuterium labelling. Results CID-MS/MS analyses and deuterium labelling allowed us to elucidate EIMS fragmentations of TMS derivatives of several isomeric allylic alcohols resulting from NaBH4 reduction of HBI alkene oxidation products and to propose some specific fragment ions for differentiating individual isomers. As an application of some of the described fragmentations, these oxidized compounds in phytoplanktonic cells collected from the Antarctic were characterized and quantified in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Conclusions EIMS fragmentations of TMS derivatives of several isomeric allylic alcohols resulting from NaBH4 reduction of HBI alkene oxidation products are shown to be strongly dependent on the position and configuration of double bonds, allowing simple, yet robust differentiation of individual isomers in natural samples.

RATIONALE Formation of vicinal diols was observed after in vitro and in vivo studies of the natural product haplamine (9-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,6-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one). These compounds, identified as trans- and cis-3,4-dihydroxy-9-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,4,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ones and trans- and cis-3,4,9-trihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,4,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ones, have a potential interest in oncology. It is therefore essential to elucidate their electron ionization mass spectrometric (EIMS) fragmentation pathways. METHODS EIMS fragmentation pathways of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxy- and 3,4,9-trihydroxyhaplamines were investigated. These pathways have been substantiated by: (i) comparison with EI mass spectra of structural homologues (silylated diols obtained from various chromenes and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene), (ii) low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) and (iii) 18O labelling. RESULTS CID-MS/MS analyses and 18O labelling demonstrated that EI mass spectral fragmentation of these TMS derivatives involves a transannular cleavage of the pyran ring with formation of a characteristic intense cyclic ion. The study of the mass spectra of TMS derivatives of different chromenes and 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene allowed to confirm the proposed fragmentation pathways and to show that they act only when the pyran ring is present. CONCLUSIONS Elimination of the neutral element [(CH3)2=C(H)OSi(CH3)3] and formation of cyclic ions play a key role during EI mass spectral fragmentation of the TMS derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxy- and 3,4,9-trihydroxyhaplamines. These fragmentation pathways could be generalized to TMS derivatives of cyclic compounds possessing vicinal diols close to a pyran ring. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Probiotic bacteria have been shown to have health benefits in various situations (inflammation, allergy, infection). We previously showed that a bacteria-free fermentation product of Bifidobacterium breve C50 (BbC50sn) induced high IL-10 secretion by human dendritic cells. As IL-10 is a regulatory cytokine, the aim of the present study was to examine whether DCs cultured in the presence of BbC50sn could induce regulatory T cells in an allogeneic context. Purified CD4+CD25− human T cells were co-cultured with allogeneic BbC50sn-treated dendritic cells for 4 weeks. The T cell population (BbC50sn-T) was analysed both at phenotypical and functional [ability to inhibit a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)] levels. We showed that T lymphocytes acquired phenotype characteristics of regulatory T cells after 4 weeks of co-culture with BbC50sn-DCs, and inhibited in vitro T lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production in an MLR. Transwell experiments demonstrated that this suppressive activity was not T cell contact-dependent but probably mediated by a soluble factor. Although BbC50sn-T cells secreted significant amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β, their suppressive effect is most likely not mediated through these cytokines. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of in vitro regulatory T cell induction by a bacteria-free fermentation product in an allogeneic context.

Despite substantial advances in animal production efficiency over the last 40 years, feed still represents the majority of production costs. The negative impacts of animal production on the environment must be reduced, which implies a reduction of nutrient losses to the environment associated with animal production. Feed efficiency, mostly expressed as feed conversion ratio (FCR), is a key indicator to judge the financial and environmental performance of a farming system. In intensive rabbit breeding, the average farm FCR (maternity + fattening units) in European farms improved from 3.8 to 3.4 during the past 15 years. This translates into a drop in nitrogen and phosphorus output of approximately 10%. This improvement can be attributed to progress in health control, nutritional factors and strategies, management and genetics. To optimize rabbit farm FCR, the reproducing stock as well as the fattening unit must be considered. This review summarizes the impact of different strategies to optimize FCR under intensive production conditions, where rabbits are exclusively fed a pelleted diet. High performing reproduction stock results in a lower FCR in maternity. The use of diets with nutrient levels to optimize digestive health, together with an appropriate feeding restriction after weaning, leads to minimal losses and has a large impact on the FCR. If the different fiber requirements are met, an increase of the dietary energy level, especially in the finishing stage, reduces the FCR by approximately 0.15 points, for an increase of 0.5 MJ DE. Future possibilities for genetic selection for feed efficiency are based on improvements to the residual feed intake. It seems possible to improve feed efficiency further by reducing feed intake without affecting weight gain. Such a genetic improvement would reduce both feed input (reducing costs) and output (reducing environmental impacts). An average farm FCR of 3.0, similar to that of pig breeding, can be reached in the next decade for rabbit meat production. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Didier Dequanter,1 Martin Lammens,2 Nathalie Nagy,1 Mohammad Shahla,1 Yasmine Deniz,1 Christine Aubert,1 Youri Vanhemelrijck,1 Philippe Lothaire,1 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charleroi, Charleroi, 2Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium Background: The goal of the study was to determinate the safety of the harmonic scalpel, widely used in thyroidectomy, near the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).Methods: The study involved ten pigs of either sex. Twenty RLNs at risk were dissected using the new harmonic scalpel FOCUS. The distances between the nerve and the activated instrument were checked with a millimeter ruler. After dissection, the pigs were euthanized, and both RLNs were fixed in formol and examined by histology after staining with hematoxylin–eosin. Due to technical reasons, only 18 RLNs from the ten pigs could be examined.Results: In the experiment that investigated the extent of heat injury, ultrasonic dissection did not cause any immediate damage of the nerve even close to the RLN (1 mm away from the RLN).Conclusion: The use of harmonic scalpel FOCUS for thyroid surgery is safe for the surrounding structures (nerves). Careful tissue applications of the device near the RLN (1 mm) did not cause any lesion histologically. Keywords: harmonic scalpel, recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroid surgery

Chemoradiation ( CRT) is a valuable treatment option for(pharyngo)laryngeal squamous cell cancer and a palliative cure in advanced oral cancers. However, toxicity is scarcely reported. Therefore, efficacy, acute and toxic effects of chemoradiation for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were evaluated, using retrospective study.Previously untreated patients with stage III-IV head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were included. Radiotherapy consisted of 70 Gy/7 weeks/35 fractions. All patients received concurrent Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly.The most common acute toxic effects were dysphagia and mucositis. Dysphagia and xerostomia remained problematic during follow-up. Loco regional disease control was respectively 91% and 98% after 6 months. The median overall survival (calculating starting form the end of the treatment) was 33 months (range 0-111months). The 5-year disease specific survival was 41%.The results indicated that concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with high locoregional control and disease-specific survival. However, significant acute and long-term toxic effects occur, and organ preservation appears not necessarily equivalent to preservation of function in pharyngolaryngeal cancers.

Resume Les valeurs diagnostiques et pronostiques importantes des facteurs natriuretiques, principalement le peptide natriuretique de type B (BNP) et son residu de secretion le NT-proBNP, ont favorise l'emergence de multiples techniques de dosages de ces peptides. Les fournisseurs ont developpe des techniques immunometriques de type sandwich en selectionnant des anticorps reconnaissant des epitopes differents. Ces differences sont en partie a l'origine de l'heterogeneite des resultats des differents dosages. Nous presentons ici une revue des notions recentes sur la physiopathologie des facteurs natriuretiques et leurs consequences sur les conditions preanalytiques du dosage de ces molecules.

9-Hydroperoxy-18-hydroxyoctadec-10(trans)-enoic and 10-hydroperoxy-18-hydroxyoctadec-8(trans)-enoic acids deriving from type II (i.e. involving 1O2) photooxidation of 18-hydroxyoleic acid were detected after visible light-induced senescence experiments carried out with Petroselinum sativum and subsequent cutin depolymerisation. These results showed that in senescent plants, where the 1O2 formation rate exceeds the quenching capacity of the photoprotective system, 1O2 can migrate outside the chloroplasts and affect the unsaturated components of cutins. Significant amounts of 9,18-dihydroxyoctadec-10(trans)-enoic and 10,18-dihydroxyoctadec-8(trans)-enoic acids resulting from the reduction of these photoproducts of 18-hydroxyoleic acid were also detected in different natural samples. These results well support the significance of the photooxidation of the unsaturated components of higher plant cutins in the natural environment.

The electron ionization (EI) mass spectral fragmentation of the bis- and tris-trimethylsilyl derivatives of cholestane-3beta,4alpha,5alpha-triol, cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol and cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6alpha-triol was investigated. The EI mass spectrum of the 3beta,4alpha-bis-trimethylsilyl derivative of cholestane-3beta,4alpha,5alpha-triol exhibits interesting fragment ions at m/z 142 and 332 resulting from the initial loss of TMSOH between the carbons 2 and 3 and subsequent retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) cleavage of the ring A. Trimethylsilyl transfer between the 4alpha- and the 5alpha-hydroxy groups acts significantly before RDA cleavage affording an ion at m/z 404. Complete silylation of cholestane-3beta,4alpha,5alpha-triol strongly stabilizes the molecule, affording an abundant molecular ion at m/z 636 and decreasing the abundance of the RDA cleavage. Loss of water (from the non-silylated 5alpha-hydroxy group) plays a very important role during the decomposition of the molecular ion of 3beta,6alpha/beta-bis-trimethylsilyl derivatives of cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6alpha/beta-triols. These derivatives appear to be very useful in assigning the configuration of the carbon 6. This assignment is based on the abundance of the fragment ions at m/z 321, 367 and 403, which are more prominent in the EI mass spectrum of the beta-isomer. In contrast, EI mass spectra of the tris-trimethylsilyl derivatives of cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol and cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6alpha-triol differ only slightly and appear to be poorly informative.

Resume Cette etude a pour objectif l’evaluation de l’interet d’une preparation pour nourrisson epaissie avec activite lactasique dans la prise en charge des troubles digestifs benins du nourrisson par comparaison avec une preparation standard. Des enfants des deux sexes âges de 0 a 3 mois (n = 109), venant consulter pour des troubles digestifs tels que regurgitations, eructations et hoquets, coliques, pleurs inexpliques, gaz et/ou ballonnements ont ete recrutes. L’etude est multicentrique, randomisee, en double insu, avec deux groupes paralleles l’un recevant une formule epaissie avec activite lactasique et l’autre une formule standard. Quatre vingt-treize enfants ont ete inclus et repartis dans deux groupes qui ne presentent pas de difference significative. Les deux formules ont ete bien acceptees et tolerees. La croissance a ete harmonieuse et l’observance a ete bonne dans les deux groupes. Ainsi l’etude a pu mettre en evidence une efficacite de la formule test sur certains symptomes digestifs : • une diminution plus importante de l’intensite des inconforts digestifs dans le groupe test que dans le groupe standard ; • une diminution de l’intensite des gaz, dans le groupe test significativement plus importante que dans le groupe standard ; • des diminutions en frequence et en intensite des eructations et hoquets dans le groupe test significatives alors qu’il n’y a pas de diminution significative dans le groupe standard. Cette etude a montre la bonne tolerance et l’acceptabilite d’une formule epaissie avec activite lactasique ainsi que son efficacite sur les troubles digestifs benins du nourrisson.

The electron ionization (EI) mass spectral fragmentation of ω-hydroxycarboxylic and ω-dicarboxylic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives was investigated. The mass spectra of these compounds exhibited fragment ions resulting from classical fragmentation of the trimethylsilyl ether and ester groups, and others resulting from the interactions between the two functionalities (m/z 147, 204, 217, [M–31]+ and [M–105]+ in the case of ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives and m/z 147, 204, 217 and [M–131]+ in the case of ω-dicarboxylic acid derivatives). Several fragmentation pathways were proposed to explain the formation of these different fragment ions. It is proposed that the ions at m/z 204 and 217 are formed via an initial trimethylsilyl transfer between the ether and the ester group or between the two ester groups. This transfer appeared to be more favoured in the case of ω-dicarboxylic acid derivatives and to be dependent on the chain length. A more efficient transfer was in fact observed for compounds with a relatively long alkyl chain. In the case of shorter ω-hydroxycarboxylic and ω-dicarboxylic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives the formation of the ions at m/z 204 and 217 suffers strongly from competition from production of the ion at m/z 147. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To determine whether long-term consumption of a fermented infant formula could influence the incidence of acute diarrhea and its severity in healthy infants.Nine hundred seventy-one infants, ranging in age from 4 to 6 months, were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial during a period of 5 months. They consumed daily either a fermented infant formula (FF) (fermentation with Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065) or a standard infant formula (SF) of the same nutritional composition.Number and duration of acute diarrhea episodes were evaluated. Severity of the episodes was determined by the number of hospital admissions, incidence of dehydration, number of medical consultations, number of oral rehydration solution prescriptions, and number of formula switches.Growth of the infants and acceptability of the formulas were identical in the two groups. Incidence, duration of diarrhea episodes, and number of hospital admissions did not differ significantly between groups. Episodes were less severe in the FF (fermented formula) group. There were fewer cases of dehydration 2.5%versus 6.1% (P = 0.01), fewer medical consultations (46%v 56.6%, P = 0.003), fewer ORS prescriptions 41.9%v 51.9% (P = 0.003) and fewer switches to other formulas (59.5%v 74.9%, P = 0.0001) in FF infants compared to SF.A fermented formula may reduce the severity of acute diarrhea among healthy young infants. This outcome may be linked to the bifidogenic effects of fermentation products and their interactions with the intestinal immune system.

Visible light-induced degradation of the chlorophyll phytyl side chain was studied in senescent cells of two phytoplanktonic strains (Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira weissflogii). Particular attention was paid to the induction of autoxidation processes on the phytyl chain and its photoproducts by photochemically produced hydroperoxides. The combination of photochemical oxidation and autoxidation reactions resulted in the production of several acyclic isoprenoid compounds that have been unambiguously identified by comparison of their retention times and mass spectra with those of appropriate standards. Various mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of these oxidation products. These processes appear to be potential sources of numerous oxidized acyclic isoprenoids that previously have been detected in lacustrine and marine environments. Some oxidation products newly described or whose presence in natural samples was never reported in the literature were then sought in particulate matter, sediment, and microbial mat samples. The results obtained supported the significance of photochemical oxidation and autoxidation of phytoplanktonic chlorophyll phytyl side chain in the marine environment.

To enable safe and efficient operation of a large number of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as envisioned in future commercial operations, a novel networked-based air traffic control paradigm is needed to provide for autonomous route optimization and cooperation to enable deconfliction. This system would need to ensure deconfliction from nearby manned and unmanned operations and would need the capability to respond to unexpected close-proximity aircraft, known as interlopers. This network-based control paradigm will require that operators be able to oversee a network of cooperative and autonomous UAVs capable of maneuvering at low altitudes. Such a network would need new algorithms and increased autonomy to best support cooperative deconfliction and high level supervisory control, and one that also allows operators the ability to both understand local and global behavior of a network of UAVs. To this end, we propose a paradigm-shifting multi-layer distributed air traffic control concept focused on low altitude, high density UAV operations. This new architecture would include a group of analysts that perform a global analysis of the UAV network at a strategic level and more tactical, local controllers manipulating the UAV network, who are advised by the analysts. The proposed operational support system would include methods for the automatic identification of issues within the network, as well as a method for the automatic distribution of effective tasks to the most suitable personnel. This architecture would be a combination of current air traffic control techniques as well as those troubleshooting techniques found in other domains like network and cloud computing management.