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We demonstrate state-of-the-art superluminescent light emitting diodes emitting in the green spectral range with InAlN n-type claddings. The implementation of an InAlN optical blocking layer for suppressing modal substrate leakage leading to high farfield quality is first reported. An optimized structure by optical mode simulations featuring a bottom n-type InAlN cladding layer is then presented. Compared to conventional AlGaN cladding based devices, the electro-optical performance, optical confinement, and modal substrate leakage are greatly improved. Performance improvements in green laser diode devices are also presented.

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Eine Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindesalter stellt einen Risikofaktor für Substanzmissbrauch und Störungen durch Substanzgebrauch (Substance Use Disorder, SUD) in der Pubertät und dem (frühen) Erwachsenenalter dar. ADHS und SUD treten auch häufig bei therapiesuchenden Jugendlichen auf, was die Diagnosestellung und Therapie erschwert sowie mit schlechten Behandlungsergebnissen verbunden ist. Forschungsergebnisse über die Wirkung der Behandlung von ADHS im Kindesalter auf die Prävention von SUD im Jugendalter sind nicht eindeutig und Studien über die Diagnose und Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit ADHS und SUD sind selten. Daher reicht die verfügbare Evidenz allgemein nicht aus, um starke Behandlungsempfehlungen zu rechtfertigen. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, eine Konsenserklärung auf der Grundlage von wissenschaftlichen Daten und klinischen Erfahrungen zu erhalten. Methodik: Es wurde eine modifizierte Delphi-Studie durchgeführt, um basierend auf der Kombination von wissenschaftlichen Daten und klinischer Erfahrung mit einer multidisziplinären Gruppe von 55 Expert_innen aus 17 Ländern einen Konsens zu erzielen. Die Expert_innen wurden gebeten, eine Reihe von Aussagen über die Wirkung der Behandlung von ADHS im Kindesalter auf die SUD bei Jugendlichen sowie über das Screening, die Diagnostik und die Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit komorbidem ADHS und SUD zu bewerten. Ergebnisse: Nach drei iterativen Bewertungsrunden und der Anpassung von 37 Aussagen wurde ein Konsens über 36 dieser Aussagen erzielt, die sechs Bereiche repräsentieren: allgemein ( n = 4), Risiko der Entwicklung einer SUD ( n = 3), Screening und Diagnostik ( n = 7), psychosoziale Behandlung ( n = 5), pharmakologische Behandlung ( n = 11) und komplementäre Behandlungen ( n = 7). Der Einsatz von Routinescreenings auf ADHS wird bei adoleszenten Patient_innen in einer Suchtbehandlung ebenso wie Routinescreenings auf SUD bei jugendlichen Patient_innen mit ADHS in allgemeinpsychiatrischen Therapiesettings empfohlen. Langwirksame Stimulanzien werden als Behandlung der ersten Wahl von ADHS bei Jugendlichen mit gleichzeitiger ADHS und SUD empfohlen. Die Pharmakotherapie sollte vorzugsweise in psychosoziale Behandlung eingebettet werden. Die einzige nichtkonsentierte Aussage betraf die Notwendigkeit von Abstinenz vor Beginn einer pharmakologischen Behandlung bei Jugendlichen mit ADHS und gleichzeitigem SUD. Im Gegensatz zur Mehrheit verlangten einige Expert_innen eine vollständige Abstinenz vor Beginn einer pharmakologischen Behandlung, einige waren gegen die Verwendung von Stimulanzien bei der Behandlung dieser Patient_innen (unabhängig von Abstinenz), während einige sich gegen die alternative Anwendung von Bupropion aussprachen. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese internationale Konsenserklärung kann von Kliniker_innen und Patient_innen zusammen in einem gemeinsamen Entscheidungsprozess genutzt werden, um die besten Interventionen auszuwählen und die bestmöglichen Ergebnisse bei adoleszenten Patient_innen mit gleichzeitiger ADHS und SUD zu erzielen.

Herein, we report a rapid and scalable continuous-flow photocatalytic approach for the carbamoylation of nitrones. This protocol makes use of readily available 4-amido-1,4 dihydropyridines as carbamoyl radical precursors. The scope of this transformation exhibits high compatibility with complex structures containing amino acids, peptides, and glycosides. Importantly, the developed method allows a photocatalytic synthetic strategy in combination with flow conditions, maximizing the potential and efficiency for the synthesis of valuable α-(

Resumen Las drusas del nervio optico son concreciones acelulares de calcio localizadas en el parenquima de la cabeza del nervio optico, descritas como la causa mas frecuente de pseudopapiledema, lo cual las hace dificil de diferenciar de un verdadero edema del disco optico. A pesar de su poca frecuencia, las drusas del nervio optico y el papiledema secundario a una hipertension intracraneal idiopatica pueden coexistir en el mismo paciente. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 34 anos de vida remitida al servicio de oftalmologia con molestias visuales, cefalea, y tinnitus pulsatil de dos meses de evolucion; al examen fisico se encontro borramiento del margen del disco optico de manera bilateral sin pulsacion venosa espontanea. El diagnostico de hipertension intracraneal idiopatica se realizo por una puncion lumbar con medicion de la presion de apertura, y por los hallazgos de resonancia magnetica cerebral y de orbitas. Se observo incidentalmente las drusas del nervio optico en una tomografia de coherencia optica con angiografia, que luego se confirmarian con una ecografia ocular. Este es el primer caso reportado en America Latina de la coexistencia de drusas del nervio optico y papiledema secundario a hipertension intracraneal idiopatica para nuestro conocimiento.

Optic nerve drusen are acellular concretions of calcium located in the parenchyma of the optic nerve head described as the most common cause of pseudo-papilloedema, which makes it difficult to differentiate from a true optical disc oedema. Despite it being rare optic nerve drusen and the papilloedema secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension can coexist in the same patient. We present a case of a 34-year-old woman referred to the Ophthalmology Department with visual discomfort, headaches, and pulsatile tinnitus of two months onset. In the physical examination there was bilateral blurring of the optic disc margin with absence of spontaneous venous pulsation. The diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension was made by lumbar puncture with the measurement of the opening pressure, and due to the findings of the magnetic resonance scan of the brain and orbits. The optic nerve drusen was an incidental finding in an optical coherence tomography angiography, which would later be confirmed with an eye ultrasound. To our knowledge, this the first case reported in Latin America of the coexistence of optic nerve drusen and papilloedema secondary to idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo. La Cirugía Plástica Estética se ha visto suspendida en muchas regiones del mundo debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19. La preservación de recursos hospitalarios para la atención de los pacientes afectados gravemente por esta enfermedad y la morbilidad atribuible a la realización inadvertida de un acto quirúrgico optativo en un paciente con infección asintomática, así como el riesgo de contagio bidireccional en instituciones de salud, soportan las cancelaciones masivas de procedimientos con fines estéticos. La reactivación de estos servicios debe considerar el balance riesgo/beneficio con las diferentes fases de la pandemia y la epidemiología local. Asumiendo la reapertura de los servicios de Cirugía Estética, es posible plantear que un número importante de procedimientos estéticos tienen riesgos bajos de complicaciones y podrían ser susceptibles de realizarse de manera segura. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos en un centro de Cirugía Estética ambulatorio que requirieron atención médica por complicaciones asociadas en un período pre COVID-19 de 36 meses, con el fin de identificar variables y frecuencia de complicaciones susceptibles de comprometer recursos médicos hospitalarios adicionales. Resultados. En 3 años se realizaron 13.411 cirugías estéticas. El 67.5 % de los procedimientos fue único y en el 32.5% se realizaron 2 o más procedimientos en el mismo acto anestésico. Se presentaron 244 complicaciones en los primeros 30 días posoperatorios, para una tasa de 1.8% de complicaciones en 3 años. De estos, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 200 minutos, 44 pacientes (18%) fueron manejados en hospital y 200 (82%) como ambulatorios. Conclusiones. Se sugiere que el restablecimiento de los servicios de cirugías electivas estéticas en el contexto COVID-19 debería iniciar con cirugías únicas, tiempos cortos de duración y menores a 2 horas, con el fin de disminuir la necesidad de recursos hospitalarios adicionales.

Background Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people make up approximately 1% of the population, with 2.1% of Generation Z adults (born 1997-2003) identifying as TGD. As a marginalized population, TGD people have been shown to have poorer access to health care services and report worse health-related outcomes. While the health care disparities faced by TGD people need to be addressed by Medicine broadly, TGD people may face unique barriers in gastrointestinal (GI) care. To date, there has been no systematic assessment of the GI health care needs of TGD people. With the aging of Generation Z, GI care providers will increasingly be responsible for the care of TGD people, and it is important to understand their needs and experiences to ensure they receive appropriate and sensitive care. Purpose Recognizing the absence of literature on the issues faced by TGD people with GI disease or seeking care for GI issues, we plan to use qualitative research methodology to aggregate and analyze narrative experiences of TGD people of diverse backgrounds, identities and experiences. Our research will focus on TGD people’s interactions with GI care providers, and on the experience of being a TGD person with GI disease or having sought evaluation of GI symptoms. Method We will use a qualitative approach to gain a broad understanding of the experiences and perceptions of TGD people with: 1) established GI diseases, in particular IBD and DGBIs (disorders of gut-brain interaction), and 2) GI symptoms or concerns requiring GI investigations. We will use snowball sampling to reach out to TGD people in Canada and the US, with the aim of achieving diverse representation across gender identity, surgical status, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Participants will sit for semi-structured interviews to elicit narratives about their beliefs and experiences while living with GI disease and/or seeking care for GI issues. Interview transcripts will be subjected to objective and researcher-guided thematic analysis to identify commonalities and disparities in experiences and points-of-view. Result(s) Our proposed presentation will highlight our process in designing and initiating this project. We believe our methods and approach to this work is an important discussion and will help shape next steps in this field. We may also present some of the early results of our semi-structured interviews. Conclusion(s) This work will provide a foundation to guide further research into the process and outcomes of care for TGD people with GI disease and undergoing GI evaluations and will provide a framework to develop best practices for GI care providers pertaining to the care of TGD people. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

In this work we address the problem of determining the optimal types of products and their quantities that should be loaded on a fleet of heterogeneous one or two level trucks so that the weighted sum of delivered products is maximized, with the weights being an exponential function of the lateness computed for each unit shipped. We propose a mixed integer linear formulation followed by a two-phase solution approach. During phase one the formulation is solved aiming at maximizing the weighted sum of products delivered, whereas for the second phase, the formulation is solved aiming at minimizing the number of trucks, while ensuring that the objective function attained in phase one is not compromised. A greedy heuristic is also proposed in order to better quantify the advantages of adopting the proposed exact approach with respect to solution quality. To assess the performance of the proposed approach we used two sets of test instances, a large set of randomly generated instances that resemble the practical application that motivated this research, and a small set of real instances provided by the company. The results of our computational experiments suggest that the proposed exact solution approach is very effective in solving realistic sized instances.

Resumen Presentamos el caso de un joven de 22 anos con 4 meses de cefalea, hipoacusia y disminucion de la vision izquierdos. Su madre refirio ademas cambios del comportamiento y del estado de animo. La resonancia magnetica cerebral mostro multiples lesiones hiperintensas en la rodilla del cuerpo calloso. La audiometria documento una hipoacusia neurosensorial. En la oftalmoscopia se observo un infarto retiniano de la capa de fibras nerviosas en el ojo izquierdo, el cual fue confirmado con una tomografia de coherencia optica; la angiografia fluoresceinica mostro multiples focos de hiperfluorescencia de la pared de las arteriolas, defectos del llenado de las arteriolas, y regiones focales de isquemia de la coroides. Estos hallazgos confirman el diagnostico presuntivo de un sindrome de Susac. Este es uno de los pocos casos publicados en la literatura de un sindrome de Susac en un hombre joven con la triada diagnostica completa, y el primero en Colombia.

This datasheet on Brassica juncea covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

Objective To show the experience of the use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in patients with suspected complications after liver transplantation in a high complexity center. Material and method Retrospective, observational and descriptive study. All consecutive adult patients with liver transplantation between January 2013 and February 2018 were included, with one or more hepatobiliary scintigraphy during the early or late postoperative period. A total of 58 studies were analyzed in 38 patients (22 men and 16 women). Mean age: 48 years. In 34/38: cadaverous donor (89%), and in 4 (11%): a living donor. Demographic data and relevant information regarding the transplant were obtained, and the result was related to the surgical findings to determine the correlation between them. The influence of the test on the final clinical decisions was evaluated. Results Findings: 9 scans (14%) were normal, 36 studies were negative, and 21 were positive for biliary complications. Of the total of 58 studies, 50 (86%) had impact on the clinical behavior of observation or intervention. All the patients with findings of biliary complications (21/21; 100%) had clinical repercussion since 18/21 patients were taken to invasive studies or treatments, and 3/21 patients continued in medical management for findings of non-surgical biliary complications. In 14/18 patients taken to studies or procedures, correlation was found with the scintigraphic study. In 24/36 (66%) of patients with negative scintigraphy, an impact on clinical behavior was found. Conclusion Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a simple, non-invasive, reliable, current and available form for the early study of biliary complications in patients with liver transplantation. Important hepatocellular dysfunction should be taken into account as a frequent cause of false negative studies.

An emerging body of work suggests a link between childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, research examining the role of maltreatment in the early course of the disorder lacks robust evidence from longitudinal studies. Our aim was to examine concurrent and prospective associations between maltreatment experiences and ADHD diagnosis and sex differences, and to estimate the association between repetitive maltreatment exposure and ADHD through childhood and adolescence. Data were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2480 children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background. Neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and foster placement were regressed on ADHD diagnosis measured at each of three waves using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Multilevel regressions estimated the effects of exposure on ADHD, adjusted by age, sex, income, household education, parental psychopathology, comorbidity and ADHD medication status. Emotional abuse and foster placement had robust associations with ADHD diagnosis. For girls, physical abuse had a threefold increase in the odds of having ADHD diagnosis; for boys, associations were observed only for emotional abuse. Prospective models examining the risk of ADHD following maltreatment provided initial evidence for the effects of physical abuse on ADHD, and a linear trend for repetitive exposure suggested increased probability for disorder persistence. Associations between early maltreatment and ADHD were robust. Different categories of maltreatment increase the likelihood of ADHD for girls and boys. Increased exposure to maltreatment may predict symptom persistence. Interventions addressing ADHD must consider the effects of both sex and family environment.

The storage location assignment problem (SLAP), also known as the slotting problem involves the decisions of how much and where should be stored each stock keeping unit (SKU) in the fast-pick area with the aim to minimize total order-picking and replenishment costs associated to the distance traveled by the picking operators. Motivated by this, we propose to analyze the impact of SKUs demand correlation on the slotting decisions. Based on an experimental design, the effects of SKUs with correlated demand are analyzed. Results show that the most significant factor with respect to the total distance traveled is the number of orders, followed by the capacity of the bins and the number of bins in each location. Results of an instance solved to optimality by a commercial solver and a greedy heuristic in which the latter does not consider the demand correlation illustrate the impact that demand correlation has on the solution obtained.

Con esta investigación se pretende develar las experiencias de acoso laboral vividas por trabajadores y contratistas de empresas antioqueñas entre los años 2006 y 2019. Este rango corresponde al momento en que entra en vigencia la ley 1010 y en el que finaliza la investigación. Se realiza una caracterización de dichas experiencias, la identificación de las estrategias de afrontamiento de los participantes y de las consecuencias del acoso, así como de la posible participación del área de gestión humana en las experiencias de acoso laboral. El enfoque metodológico en el cual se centró esta investigación es el hermenéutico, la estrategia metodológica escogida fue el estudio de caso colectivo y el método de recolección de información privilegiado en la investigación fue la entrevista a profundidad. La información generada se procesó en matrices de análisis de contenido en Excel que permitieron la integración y comparación de las narrativas para identificar tendencias. Los resultados evidencian cómo las víctimas de acoso recorren la mayoría de sus fases, siendo la principal modalidad de acoso la persecución laboral, con graves consecuencias físicas y psicológicas. Así mismo, permiten concluir que en efecto la participación del área de gestión humana puede ser determinante para permitir o evitar el acoso, por lo que un eficiente tratamiento a la problemática puede garantizar que las actuaciones de acoso cesen o en caso contrario se perpetúen.

Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in September 2017, and previous research suggests that pregnant women who experience a natural disaster are at higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, it ...

Today, there is insufficient evidence, that determines the best option of the surgical approach for primary total hip replacement. The objective of this study is to compare patient satisfaction results with the HOOS scale between anterior, lateral and posterior surgical access in patients treated with primary hip joint replacement.Satisfaction results were compared with the HOOS scale between the surgical approach anterior, lateral and posterior at 48-hour, monthly, and three-month; the ANOVA statistical test and a Tukey post-hoc test were applied to the results obtained.A higher score on the HOOS scale was obtained with the anterior approach compared to the lateral and posterior. At 48 hour, per month and three months after surgery, with a p-value of 0.012 at 48 hours, 0.014 per month and from 0.047 to three months.It was concluded, that in our study group, there was greater satisfaction of the post-operative patients of primary hip replacement with Anterior approach compared to the lateral and posterior approaches, however this difference decreases over the length of the time, reaching similar satisfaction results with all three approaches at three months.Hoy en día no se cuenta con evidencia suficiente que determine la mejor opción del abordaje quirúrgico para artroplastía total primaria de cadera. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los resultados de satisfacción del paciente con la escala de HOOS entre el acceso quirúrgico anterior, lateral y posterior en pacientes tratados mediante reemplazo articular primario de cadera.Se compararon los resultados de satisfacción con la escala de HOOS entre el abordaje quirúrgico anterior, lateral y posterior a las 48 horas, al mes y a los tres meses; se aplicó la prueba estadística de ANOVA y una prueba post hoc de Tukey a los resultados obtenidos.Se obtuvo mayor puntaje en la escala de HOOS con el abordaje anterior en comparación con el abordaje lateral y el posterior a las 48 horas, al mes y a los tres meses del postoperatorio, con un valor p de 0.012 a las 48 horas, de 0.014 al mes y de 0.047 a los tres meses.Se concluyó que en nuestro grupo de estudio hubo mayor satisfacción de los pacientes postoperados de artroplastía primaria de cadera con abordaje anterior en comparación con los abordajes lateral y posterior; sin embargo, esta diferencia va disminuyendo a lo largo del tiempo, llegando a tener resultados de satisfacción similares a los tres abordajes al cabo de tres meses.

Aims: This study addressed the age of onset of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in treatment-seeking substance use disorder (SUD) patients with and without adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its association with early onset of SUD. Methods: We examined data from the 2nd International ADHD in Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study, including 400 adults in SUD treatment from Puerto Rico, Hungary, and Australia. ADHD, SUD, and CD/ODD were assessed with the Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV, the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the K-SADS, respectively. Cox regression analyses modeled time to emergence of CD/ODD separately for SUD patients with and without adult ADHD. Linear regression models examined associations between age of onset of SUD and presence of ADHD and adjusted for sex, age, and country. To assess the mediating role of CD/ODD on the association of ADHD with onset of SUD, adjusted regression models were estimated. Results: Treatment-seeking SUD patients with ADHD presented an earlier onset of CD/ODD compared with those without ADHD. CD/ODD symptom loads were higher among the SUD and ADHD group. Age of first substance use and SUD were significantly earlier in SUD patients with ADHD, and these findings remained significant after adjustment for demographics and coexisting CD/ODD. Conclusions: ADHD is associated with earlier onset of SUD as well as with an earlier onset of more frequent and more severe disruptive behavioral disorders. These findings may inform preventive interventions to mitigate adverse consequences of ADHD.

It is essential that orthopaedic resident physicians be highly proficient in all aspects, considering the balance between supply, demand, need and context. Fundamental to identify the capacity and quality installed for their training in Mexico.Observational Study, transverse, non-probabilistic sampling-conglomerates, in two phases. The instrument has 8 domains, 57 variables and 4,867 items. 60 graduate professors of 20 states, 50 hospital sites, 22 university programs.1,038 years of experience (collective intelligence), 17 years of experience/teacher (01 to 50 years). Identified: acute pathology 30 (2 to 90%), chronic pathology 30 (5 to 96%), patients 15 years, 10 (3 to 30%), patients between 15 and 65 years, 47 (2 to 78%), patients 65 years, 20 (2 to 60%), number of beds/seat 20 (2 to 510), number of clinics 3 (1 to 48), number of surgical procedures/headquarters per year at the national level, was 960 (50 to 24,650). The national average per resident doctor is 362 surgeries/year with 1,450 surgical times/year.The needs and resources for the training of physicians specializing in orthopedics/traumatology are highly heterogeneous, so it should be adapted to the epidemiological needs of the region of influence, in an area of epidemiological transition. 62.2% expressed not having or have bad academic and scientific infrastructure at its headquarters, more than 50% without rotation overseas and 90% without regular scientific production.Es fundamental que los médicos residentes de ortopedia (traumatología) sean altamente competentes en todos los aspectos, considerando el equilibrio entre la oferta, demanda, necesidad y contexto. Es primordial identificar la capacidad y calidad instalada para su formación en México.Estudio observacional, transversal, muestreo no probabilístico-conglomerados, en dos fases. El instrumento tiene ocho dominios, 57 variables y 4,867 ítems. Sesenta profesores de postgrado de 20 estados, 50 sedes hospitalarias, 22 programas universitarios.1,038 años de experiencia (inteligencia colectiva), 17 años de experiencia/profesor (01 a 50 años). Se identificó: patología aguda 30 (2 a 90%), patología crónica 30 (5 a 96%), pacientes 15 años, 10 (3 a 30%), pacientes entre 15 y 65 años, 47 (2 a 78%), pacientes 65 años, 20 (2 a 60%), número de camas/sede 20 (2 a 510), número de consultorios 3 (1 a 48), el número de procedimientos quirúrgicos/sede al año a nivel nacional fue de 960 (50 a 24,650). La media nacional por médico residente es de 362 cirugías/año con 1,450 momentos quirúrgicos/año.Las necesidades y recursos para la formación de médicos especialistas en ortopedia/traumatología son en alto grado heterogéneos, por lo cual se debería adaptar a las necesidades epidemiológicas de la región de influencia, en un ámbito de transición epidemiológica. Sesenta y dos punto dos por ciento expresó no tener o tener deficiente infraestructura académica y científica en su sede, más de 50% sin rotación al extranjero y 90% sin producción científica regular.

We report the case of a 22 year-old male with a clinical picture of 4 months onset of headaches, deafness, and a decrease of vision in the left eye. His mother mentioned he also had changes in behaviour and mood. The magnetic resonance scan of the brain showed multiple hyper-intense lesions in the knee of the corpus callosum. The hearing test reported a neurosensory deafness. In the ophthalmoscopy, a retinal infarction was observed in the nerve fibre layer in the left eye, which was confirmed using optical coherence tomography. The fluorescein angiography showed multiple foci of hyperfluorescence of the arteriole walls, arteriole filling defects, and regional ischaemia foci of the choroid. These findings confirmed the presumed diagnosis of a Susac syndrome. This is one of the few cases reported in the literature of a Susac syndrome in a young man with the complete diagnostic triad, and the first in Colombia.

Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are overrepresented among incarcerated populations. We examined whether ADHD was associated with increased severity of comorbid SUD and with increased psychiatric comorbidity among prisoners. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 500 randomly selected Latino male prisoners in the Puerto Rico Correctional System using validated diagnostic measures to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) ADHD and SUD diagnosis, antisocial personality disorder (ASP) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We defined SUD severity by symptom count and by presence of at least 2 current SUD diagnoses (polysubstance). Results: Participants with ADHD had increased risk for lifetime (p < 0.05) and current (p < 0.01) SUDs, all comorbid psychiatric disorders, and suicidality (p < 0.001). They had more severe SUD, both in number of symptoms and number of SUD (polysubstance) diagnoses (p < 0.01). ADHD was associated with increased psychiatric comorbidity, as participants with ADHD were more likely to have a second diagnosis, and a greater number of comorbid disorders (p < 0.001). ASP, BPD, major depression, and GAD, but not ADHD, were significant predictors of SUD severity in adjusted models. Conclusions: Findings highlight the complex mental health needs of incarcerated populations, where SUD, ADHD, and other psychiatric disorders are prevalent and interrelated.

Background: Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) in adolescence and (early) adulthood. ADHD and SUD also frequently co-occur in treatment-seeking adolescents, which complicates diagnosis and treatment and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Research on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on the prevention of adolescent SUD is inconclusive, and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents with ADHD and SUD are scarce. Thus, the available evidence is generally not sufficient to justify robust treatment recommendations. Objective: The aim of the study was to obtain a consensus statement based on a combination of scientific data and clinical experience. Method: A modified Delphi study to reach consensus based upon the combination of scientific data and clinical experience with a multidisciplinary group of 55 experts from 17 countries. The experts were asked to rate a set of statements on the effect of treatment of childhood ADHD on adolescent SUD and on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescents with comorbid ADHD and SUD. Results: After 3 iterative rounds of rating and adapting 37 statements, consensus was reached on 36 of these statements representing 6 domains: general (n = 4), risk of developing SUD (n = 3), screening and diagnosis (n = 7), psychosocial treatment (n = 5), pharmacological treatment (n = 11), and complementary treatments (n = 7). Routine screening is recommended for ADHD in adolescent patients in substance abuse treatment and for SUD in adolescent patients with ADHD in mental healthcare settings. Long-acting stimulants are recommended as the first-line treatment of ADHD in adolescents with concurrent ADHD and SUD, and pharmacotherapy should preferably be embedded in psychosocial treatment. The only remaining no-consensus statement concerned the requirement of abstinence before starting pharmacological treatment in adolescents with ADHD and concurrent SUD. In contrast to the majority, some experts required full abstinence before starting any pharmacological treatment, some were against the use of stimulants in the treatment of these patients (independent of abstinence), while some were against the alternative use of bupropion. Conclusion: This international consensus statement can be used by clinicians and patients together in a shared decision-making process to select the best interventions and to reach optimal outcomes in adolescent patients with concurrent ADHD and SUD.

Introduction: Comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is present in 15–25% of all patients seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). Some studies suggest that comorbid ADHD increases clinical severity related to SUDs, other psychiatric comorbidities, and social impairment, but could not disentangle their respective influences. Objectives: To investigate whether comorbid adult ADHD in treatment-seeking SUD patients is associated with more severe clinical profiles in these domains assessed altogether. Methods: Treatment-seeking SUD patients from 8 countries (N = 1,294: 26% females, mean age 40 years [SD = 11 years]) were assessed for their history of DSM-IV ADHD, SUDs, and other psychiatric conditions and sociodemographic data. SUD patients with and without comorbid ADHD were compared on indicators of severity across 3 domains: addiction (number of SUD criteria and diagnoses), psychopathological complexity (mood disorders, borderline personality disorder, lifetime suicidal thoughts, or behavior), and social status (education level, occupational and marital status, and living arrangements). Regression models were built to account for confounders for each severity indicator. Results: Adult ADHD was present in 19% of the SUD patients. It was significantly associated with higher SUD severity, more frequent comorbid mood or borderline personality disorder, and less frequent “married” or “divorced” status, as compared with the absence of comorbid ADHD. ADHD comorbidity was independently associated with a higher number of dependence diagnoses (OR = 1.97) and more psychopathology (OR = 1.5), but not marital status. Conclusions: In treatment-seeking SUD patients, comorbid ADHD is associated with polysubstance dependence, psychopathological complexity, and social risks, which substantiates the clinical relevance of screening, diagnosing, and treating ADHD in patients with SUDs.

Aims: To examine the role of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impulsive personality disorders in nicotine addiction severity among treatment-seeking substance use disorder (SUD) patients. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we examined data from the second International ADHD in Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study (IASP-2) on 402 adults in SUD treatment from Puerto Rico, Hungary, and Australia using diagnostic interviews for ADHD, antisocial (ASP) and borderline (BPD) personality disorders, and the self-report Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND). We compared SUD patients with and without ADHD on nicotine addiction severity. We tested direct and indirect pathways from ADHD to nicotine addiction and mediation through ASP and BPD. Results: Overall, 81.4% of SUD patients reported current cigarette smoking. SUD patients with ADHD had higher FTND scores and smoked more cigarettes than those without ADHD, with an earlier onset and more years of smoking. ASP mediated the effect of ADHD on all aspects of nicotine addiction severity, whereas BPD did so only on some aspects of nicotine addiction severity. Conclusions: SUD patients with comorbid ADHD show more severe nicotine addiction than those without, which is largely explained by comorbid impulsive personality disorders. In SUD patients, it is important to screen for adult ADHD and other psychiatric disorders, especially those with impulse control deficits such as ASP and BPD.

Introduction: The survival rates in children and adolescent or young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved in the last decades. Cancer survivors can have reduced bone mineral density (BMD) related both to the underlying disease and the treatment. This can persist for up to 20 years, increasing the risk of osteopenia / osteoporosis and the development of fractures that can generate disability and loss of function. The risk factors for the development of disorders of BMD in the adult ALL survivors has been little studied and there are no formal guideline recommendations on the long-term follow-up and treatment of these patients. We evaluated ALL-survivor patients in Mexico; both ALL and osteoporosis are more prevalent in Hispanic patients, therefore we implemented conducting a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during follow-up. Primary objective: Our main objective was to know the prevalence of alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) in a cohort of Hispanic ALL-survivors. Secondary objectives: To identify risk factors and the incidence of complications associated with BMD alterations. Methods: An observational, case-control study in a cohort of adult ALL survivors with follow-up at a referral center´s acute leukemia clinic in Mexico City. We include patients with more than one year of elective cessation of treatment in whom a DXA was performed as the routine follow-up for survivors. We compared the characteristics of the cases (patients with alterations in BMD) with the controls (patients without alterations in BMD). We define alterations in BMD by the WHO and the International Society of clinical DXA: the term of low BMD was used for younger patients and osteoporosis/osteopenia for older. Results: 61 ALL survivors were identified, 86.9% had B-Cell ALL and 13.1% T-Cell ALL. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years (1-55 years) and at the time of the study, 27 years (20-69 years). The majority (78.8%) had less than 18 years-old at diagnosis. The median follow-up from treatment cessation to densitometry was 142 months (10-499 months). An alteration in BMD was found in 63.9% of the patients: 84.6% were classified as low BMD for age and 15.4% as osteopenia/osteoporosis. The most frequently affected site was the spine (40%) followed by the hip and spine (32.5%) and the hip (10%). The median T-score and Z-score by area are shown in Table 1. Table 2 shows the characteristics of ALL-survivors with or without alterations in BMD. The median follow-up time was not different between the 2 groups. Gender, age at diagnosis, the use of induction dexamethasone and other chemotherapeutic agents, vitamin D deficiency, and hypogonadism were not associated with an increased risk of alterations in BMD. Receiving induction chemotherapy between 8 and 18 years of age (age where the highest bone mass is acquired) does not affect in the BMD at follow-up. During follow-up, three patients developed fractures: one pathological and 2 associated with trauma. The patient with a pathological fracture is a man with ALL diagnosed at 8 years of age and had an ankle fracture at 12 years associated with osteoporosis. Discussion and Conclusions: Alterations in BMD are very frequent in our cohort of ALL-survivors despite being a very young population (90% are under 50 years of age). We could not replicate the classically associated risk factors for altered BDM. We only found a non-significant trend for hematopoietic-stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and radiotherapy. This was previously been associated with alterations in different hormonal axes. Despite the high-prevalence of alterations in BMD, the incidence of fractures is very low. This may be related to the fact that it is unknown how to interpret DXA in a group of patients who received chemotherapy/radiotherapy in growth stages. Despite the limitations (small number of patients, the time between treatment and densitometry is heterogeneous and hormonal axes are not measured in all patients), given the high prevalence of BMA alterations, a better understanding of DXA findings in this group of patients is needed. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Rangel-Patiño: Bristol: Consultancy; Abbvie: Speakers Bureau. Demichelis: AMGEN: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Consultancy; Bristol/Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Consultancy; ASH: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau.

17 páginas nly a few studies in the available scientific literature address the problem of having a group of workers that do not share identical levels of productivity during the planning horizon. This study considers a workforce scheduling problem in which the actual processing time is a function of the scheduling sequence to represent the decline in workers’ performance, evaluating two classical performance measures separately: makespan and maximum tardiness. Several mathematical models are compared with each other to highlight the advantages of each approach. The mathematical models are tested with randomly generated instances available from a public e-library.