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A pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19) configura-se como uma das maiores crises sanitárias já enfrentadas pela humanidade. Este protocolo detalha o estudo sobre o impacto do distanciamento social na saúde de escolares e servidores dos 14 Câmpus e Reitoria do Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul). O estudo observacional longitudinal envolve duas coletas de dados: Coleta 1 - realizada entre os meses de maio e agosto de 2021 com informações referentes ao período pré e durante o distanciamento social; Coleta 2 - será realizada no retorno das aulas presenciais no período pós distanciamento social (previsto para abril de 2022). Participantes responderam um questionário auto aplicado através da plataforma QuestionPro, onde foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais (atividades físicas, sedentárias, sono, alimentação, tabagismo e consumo de álcool), saúde mental, autopercepção de saúde e relacionadas a instituição de ensino. Estratégias de alcance da população alvo envolveram a utilização da página do Câmpus, aplicação do questionário em aula para alunos, encaminhamento via e-mail aos servidores e divulgação nas mídias sociais. Entender como o distanciamento social afetou a saúde de estudantes e servidores e realizar um acompanhamento no retorno das aulas é importante para os gestores terem um diagnóstico de saúde dos diferentes momentos, criarem políticas para facilitar o retorno as aulas, bem como, auxiliar no enfrentamento dos problemas identificados com a pesquisa durante o retorno as aulas presenciais.

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever o perfil dos professores de Educação Física (EF) que trabalham no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), identificando dados sociodemográficos, processo de qualificação, atuação na instituição e formação complementar. Para a coleta de dados, enviamos um questionário autoaplicado, utilizamos dados do Portal da Transparência e Currículo Lattes. Os dados foram apresentados com base na distribuição de frequências relativas, absolutas e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%). O programa estatístico utilizado foi o PSPP. Participaram do estudo 35 professores efetivos e, como desfecho, consideramos os anos de atuação na instituição, estando 14 nos anos inicias de atuação, 15 nos anos intermediários e seis nos anos finais. Os resultados demonstraram que professores que se encontram nos anos iniciais e intermediários de atuação estão mais envolvidos em atividades de pesquisa e extensão, bem como em cursos de capacitação e eventos científicos. Concluímos que apesar da exigência de atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão, a ênfase da atuação recai sobre as atividades de ensino. Destacamos que apesar de ser reduzida a atuação em atividades de pesquisa e extensão, vê-se um corpo docente qualificado e que continua buscando sua qualificação profissional. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe the profile of Physical Education (PE) teachers working at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Sul-rio-grandense, identifying sociodemographic data, qualification process and complementary training. A self-administered questionnaire was done with the subjects, and data from the Transparency Portal and from Lattes Curriculum was used. The data was presented based on the distribution of relative frequencies, absolute, and their respective confidence intervals (95%). The statistical program used was the PSPP. Thirty-five teachers participated in the study, and as a result, we consider the years of performance in the institution, 14 of them were in the first years of service, 15 in the intermediate years and six in the final years. The results showed that teachers in the early and intermediate years of work are more involved in research and extension activities, as well as training courses and scientific events. We conclude that despite the teaching requirement that suggest research and extension activities, the working emphasis falls on the teaching activities. We highlight that although the reduced performance in research and extension activities, it is seen as a qualified teaching group that keeps seeking for professional qualification.

Introduction: Health behaviors are fundamental for healthy aging. In this sense, the practice of physical activity is one of the most beneficial factors for the health of individuals. Objective: To describe the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity among the older adults and analyze in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, national regions, Federative Units of Brazil, and types of physical activity practiced. Methods: Study utilizing data from the Brazilian National Health Survey - 2013. Leisure-time physical activity was analyzed with two distinct cutoff points: 1) Some physical activity - 10 or more minutes/week; 2) Meeting recommended 150 minutes/week of physical activity. Results: Nearly 21% of the older adults completed some physical activity, and 13.2% reached the physical activity recommendations. There was no difference in the prevalence of physical activity between men and women. Individuals aged 60-69 years and those with higher income were more active than their peers. As for the national regions, the North had the lowest prevalence of physically active older adults. Among all regions, walking was the most frequent form of physical activity practiced. Conclusion: The prevalence of older adults who practiced some physical activity and reached the physical activity recommendations was low, with walking being the most common form of physical activity. Older adults with higher age, low socioeconomic status and from the Northern Brazilian regions were the least active.

We aimed to examine the agreement between submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measures and peak oxygen consumption (VO) in adults with epilepsy. Data from a randomized controlled trial with adults with epilepsy (N = 21) were analyzed. VO was assessed using indirect calorimetry during a treadmill graded maximal CPET. Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was calculated from the relationship between oxygen uptake and minute ventilation during the entire test (OUES) and the first 2 (OUES), 3 (OUES), and 4 (OUES) minutes of the CPET. The strength of the association between measures was tested by Pearson correlation. Linear regression models were used to predict VO based on OUES from the different testing durations. Agreement between measured and predicted maximal values was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. OUES, OUES, and OUES were highly associated with absolute (r = 0.84, r = 0.76, r = 0.75, respectively) and relative (r = 0.84, r = 0.78, r = 0.78, respectively) VO. Agreement (ICC = 0.83) between CPET-measured and OUES-predicted VO values was stronger with OUES than the other time-based OUES markers. Bland-Altman plot showed satisfactory agreement between predicted and measured CPET measures with the narrowest limits of agreement observed with the OUES. No potential bias was identified between these two measurements (p = 0.33). Changes in absolute (r = 0.77) and relative (r = 0.88) VOpeak were highly associated with the change in OUES. OUES can be used as a surrogate for maximal cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with epilepsy. Studies with larger samples size are encouraged to confirm our findings in a more heterogeneous population.

To evaluate the effects of an exercise program on the health of people with epilepsy (PWE) and seizure frequency. A randomized clinical trial was carried out in Pelotas/Brazil. Recruitment was conducted through social media, in local press, and Public Health System facilities. The intervention program was performed at the gym of the Physical Education School/Federal University of Pelotas. A total of 21 people, aged 18–60 years, diagnosed with epilepsy and who were not engaged in systematic physical exercise in the last three months were divided into two groups: (1) exercise (EG) – 12 weeks of a structured physical exercise program; (2) control (CG) – no exercise and maintenance of usual activities. The allocation rate 1:1 was used. The exercise program consisted of two 60-min weekly sessions including warm-up (5-min), aerobic training (15–25 min at 14–17 on Borg scale), resistance training (2–3 sets, 10–15 repetitions), and stretching. Sociodemographic, clinical and health variables (frequency and number of seizures, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and side effects), anthropometrics (weight, height, hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and strength (dynamometry) were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Bonferroni posthoc tests were used for the comparison between moments and groups. Eleven participants were randomized to EG and 10 to CG. One EG participant did not complete the study. There was a reduction in frequency of epileptic seizures during the 3-month intervention period in EG (p = 0.010) with no improvement in CG. Improvement in quality of life (p = 0.004), stress levels (p = 0.017) and physical fitness (p = 0.017) were also observed in the EG compared to CG. A structured physical exercise program improved overall health of PWE and decreased seizure frequency.

Aim: This study aimed to describe an experimental protocol to evaluate how a structured exercise program can impact on the health of people with epilepsy. Methods: For this purpose, a randomized control trial will be conducted in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Participants will be randomized into two groups: 1) Control- maintain usual activities, and 2) Exercise- a structured exercise program, with two 60-minute sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The intervention will be composed by warm-up (5-minutes), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (15-20 minutes, performed on a treadmill), resistance training (2-3 sets, 10-15 repetitions), and 5-minutes of stretching exercises. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, cognitive function, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and strength (dynamometer) will be measured at baseline and 12-week post-intervention. Participants will receive a diary to record their seizures throughout the study. Results: A structured exercise program is expected to generate beneficial health effects, and the results can assist in health professionals’ clinical practice for people with epilepsy.

Objective To examine the effect of 12-week exercise program on cognitive function in people with epilepsy. Methods Twenty-one physically inactive subjects were randomized into two groups: the exercise group (EG) or the control group (CG). EG performed 12 weeks of combined physical training. CG was advised to maintain usual daily activities. EG received a structured, individually supervised exercise program with two 60-minute sessions per week. Each session included warmup (5-minutes), aerobic (15-20 minutes at 14-17 on Borg scale), strength (2-3 sets, 10-15 repetitions), and 5-minute active stretches. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, memory (Digit Span Test [DST]), executive function (Trail Making Test [TMT] A and B), Stroop Color and Word Test, a verbal fluency task, global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max]), and strength (dynamometer) were measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Results Exercise decreased time spent on TMT-A from baseline to postintervention (difference = -7.9 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -14.5 to -1.3, P = .023). EG improved total number of words on the verbal fluency task after intervention (difference = 8.1 words, 95% CI = 3.0 to 13.2, P = .002). EG also improved the score on MoCA at 1.7 (95% CI = 0.1 to 3.3, P = .043) points. We observed a 22.4% (95% CI = 13.1 to 31.6, P = .021) improvement in executive function in EG. No effect of group, time, or group × time was observed on any other cognitive test. Changes in VO2 max were negatively associated with changes in performance on DST (r = -.445, P = .049) and overall memory score (r = -.544, P = .042). Significance This randomized controlled trial provided the first evidence that combined physical training improves executive function in adults with epilepsy, showing main improvements in attention and language tasks. Physical exercise should be encouraged for people with epilepsy to reduce the burden on cognitive function associated with this disease.

The aim of this study was to describe sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, nutritional, and health-related variables from people with epilepsy. A descriptive observational study was carried out in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, nutritional, and health-related variables were collected. A univariate analysis was performed, calculating the measures of central tendency for continuous variables and proportions for categorical ones. The sample consisted of 101 people, age ranging from 12 to 75years, mostly male (50.5%) and white (59.4%). Only 37.2% from the sample was employed, and the average income was R$ 788.00 Brazilian Reais (US$ 245.90 at the moment of the interview). From all the subjects, 65.6% was in treatment with monotherapy, 62.9% presented more than 15 seizures during the life, 67.3% showed active epilepsy, 64.6% were physically inactive, 52.5% presented normal body mass index, and 50% showed generalized seizures. The most used antiepileptic drug was the carbamazepine. The average score of depression was 12.6±4.1 points and 34.6% showed severe depressive symptoms (equal or higher than 15 points). The mean score of trait and state anxiety was 12.2±3.6 and 15.1±3.4 points, respectively (ranging from 6 to 24 points). The mean score of quality of life and stress was 63.2±18.2 (ranging from 0 to 100 points) and 21.2±7.1 points (ranging from 0 to 40 points), respectively. Considering the medication side effects, the mean score was 42.4±8.9 points, 38.5% showing high rates (higher than 45 points), and only 16% showing good sleep quality. In conclusion, these results are important to improve understanding of these individuals' disease and to subsidize the specific public policies in countries of low and middle income.

Background Sleep disorders are receiving increasing attention in the occupational medicine literature as a function of their substantial impact on the functional recovery of workers. Objective To investigate the relationship of leisure-time and transportation physical activity with sleep duration among technical-administrative employees at a public university. Method The sample comprised 371 participants. Data collection was performed by means of a self-report questionnaire for sociodemographic, nutritional, behavioral, health and occupational variables. We performed crude and adjusted analysis of the association between physical activity level and outcomes. Results Leisure-time physical activity exhibited positive correlation with sleep time on weekdays (β=22.2; p=0.006) and weekends (β=31.3; p=0.007). Transportation physical activity exhibited negative correlation with sleep time on weekends (β=-44.5; p Conclusion Leisure-time physical activity was associated with longer sleep duration on weekdays and weekends. Differently, transportation physical activity was associated with shorter sleep time on weekends. More studies, especially intervention studies, are needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between physical activity domains and sleep duration among workers.

The aim of the study was to investigate the association of physical activity in three categories (inactive, insufficiently active and active) with health outcomes in people with epilepsy. The dependent variables and the instruments used in the study were: a) quality of life - measured by Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 for adults and Quality of Life in Epilepsy for Adolescents, b) side effects of medication - measured by Adverse Events Profile, c) depression - measured by Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, and d) state and trait anxiety - measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physical activity levels were analyzed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for adults in the commuting and leisure domains and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Simple and multiple linear regression was used in the statistical analysis. The cross-sectional study with one hundred and one individuals was conducted in Pelotas/RS, Brazil, at the Neurology Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas. In the crude analysis, physical activity was positively associated with quality of life (p

O objetivo foi descrever o conhecimento de programas públicos de atividade física, a prática de atividade física em programas públicos e as barreiras relacionadas à não participação nestes programas de uma amostra representativa nacional, segundo o sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda, Unidades da Federação (UF) e ter sido visitado por uma equipe de saúde da família (EqSF) no último ano. Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. As análises foram de cunho descritivo, usando-se a distribuição de frequências relativas e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança, ponderadas para o desenho amostral. Foram inclusos 60.202 indivíduos. A prevalência de conhecimento foi de 20% e, destes, 9,7% relataram prática de atividades nos programas públicos. As barreiras mais relatadas foram falta de tempo (41,4%) e não ter interesse pelas atividades oferecidas (29,7%). Mulheres possuem maior conhecimento quando comparadas aos homens, porém a prática é similar entre os sexos. O conhecimento e a prática de atividade física foram maiores nas categorias de idades mais avançadas. O conhecimento aumentou conforme a renda, mas os mais pobres participam mais dos programas públicos de atividade física em comparação às demais categorias de renda. O conhecimento e a prática de atividade física foram similares entre quem recebeu ou não uma visita de EqSF. As prevalências de conhecimento e prática de atividade física em programas públicos são pouco expressivas, sendo que quase 30% dos indivíduos não se interessam pelos programas vigentes. Esforços loco-regionais são necessários para que a atividade física possa se estabelecer como ferramenta de promoção de saúde. The article sought to describe awareness of public physical activity programs, practice of physical activity in public programs and barriers related to non-participation in these programs in a national representative sample according to sex, age, skin color, income, state and having been visited by a family health team (EqSF, in Portuguese) in the previous year. This is a cross-sectional survey with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013. We carried out descriptive analyses using the distribution of relative frequencies and their respective 95% confidence intervals, weighted in the sample design. We included 60,202 individuals. We found a 20% prevalence of awareness and, of these, 9.7% reported practicing physical activity in public programs. Most commonly reported barriers were lack of time (41.4%) and lack of interest in available activities (29.7%). Women have greater awareness when compared with men, but levels of physical activity were similar in both sexes. Awareness and physical activity were higher in the older age groups. Awareness increased with income, but the poorest participate more in public physical activity programs when compared with the other income categories. Awareness and physical activity were similar among those who were and were not visited by EqSF. Prevalences of awareness and participation in public physical activity programs are not expressive, with nearly 30% of individuals disinterested in current programs. Local-regional efforts are needed so that physical activity can be established as a health promotion tool. El objetivo fue describir el conocimiento de programas públicos de actividad física, la práctica de actividad física en programas públicos, así como las barreras relacionadas con la no participación en estos programas dentro de una muestra representativa nacional, según sexo, edad, color de piel, renta, Unidades de la Federación (UF) y haber sido visitado por un equipo de salud de la familia (EqSF) durante el último año. Es un estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2013. Los análisis fueron de cuño descriptivo, utilizando la distribución de frecuencias relativas y sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza, así como ponderadas para el diseño de muestras. Se incluyeron a 60.202 individuos. La prevalencia de conocimiento fue de un 20,0% y, de estos, un 9,7% informaron de la práctica de actividades en los programas públicos. Las barreras más informadas fueron falta de tiempo (41,4%) y no tener interés por las actividades ofrecidas (29,7%). Las mujeres cuentan con un mayor conocimiento cuando se comparan con los hombres, pese a que la práctica es similar entre sexos. El conocimiento y la práctica de actividad física fueron mayores en las categorías con edades más avanzadas. El conocimiento aumentó según la renta, pero los más pobres participan más en los programas públicos de actividad física, en comparación con las demás categorías de renta. El conocimiento y la práctica de actividad física fueron similares entre quienes recibieron o no una visita de EqSF. Las prevalencias de conocimiento y práctica de actividad física en programas públicos son poco expresivas, en consecuencia casi un 30% de los individuos no se interesan por los programas vigentes. Se necesitan esfuerzos en el nivel local y regional para que la actividad física pueda establecerse como herramienta de promoción de salud.

Sleep disorders are receiving increasing attention in the occupational medicine literature as a function of their substantial impact on the functional recovery of workers.To investigate the relationship of leisure-time and transportation physical activity with sleep duration among technical-administrative employees at a public university.The sample comprised 371 participants. Data collection was performed by means of a self-report questionnaire for sociodemographic, nutritional, behavioral, health and occupational variables. We performed crude and adjusted analysis of the association between physical activity level and outcomes.Leisure-time physical activity exhibited positive correlation with sleep time on weekdays (β=22.2; p=0.006) and weekends (β=31.3; p=0.007). Transportation physical activity exhibited negative correlation with sleep time on weekends (β=-44.5; p0.001).Leisure-time physical activity was associated with longer sleep duration on weekdays and weekends. Differently, transportation physical activity was associated with shorter sleep time on weekends. More studies, especially intervention studies, are needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between physical activity domains and sleep duration among workers.Alterações no sono têm ganhado destaque na literatura relacionada à saúde do trabalhador por exercerem uma função fundamental na recuperação desses indivíduos.Verificar a relação entre o nível de atividade física no domínio do lazer e do deslocamento e a duração do sono de servidores técnico-administrativos de uma universidade pública.A amostra foi composta de 371 sujeitos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário (autoaplicado) contendo informações sociodemográficas, nutricional, comportamentais, de saúde e ocupacionais. Foram realizadas análises bruta e ajustada da associação entre os níveis de atividade física e os desfechos.A atividade física de lazer foi positivamente associada com o tempo de sono durante a semana (β=22,2; p=0,006) e no fim de semana (β=31,3; p=0,007) e a de deslocamento esteve correlacionada negativamente com o tempo de sono no fim de semana (β=-44,5; p0,001).A atividade física de lazer esteve relacionada ao aumento na duração do sono durante a semana e nos fins de semana. Ao contrário, a atividade física de deslocamento associou-se à redução no tempo de sono no fim de semana. Mais estudos são necessários, principalmente de intervenção, para melhor compreender a relação entre os domínios da atividade física e o tempo de sono em trabalhadores.

The article sought to describe awareness of public physical activity programs, practice of physical activity in public programs and barriers related to non-participation in these programs in a national representative sample according to sex, age, skin color, income, state and having been visited by a family health team (EqSF, in Portuguese) in the previous year. This is a cross-sectional survey with data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2013. We carried out descriptive analyses using the distribution of relative frequencies and their respective 95% confidence intervals, weighted in the sample design. We included 60,202 individuals. We found a 20% prevalence of awareness and, of these, 9.7% reported practicing physical activity in public programs. Most commonly reported barriers were lack of time (41.4%) and lack of interest in available activities (29.7%). Women have greater awareness when compared with men, but levels of physical activity were similar in both sexes. Awareness and physical activity were higher in the older age groups. Awareness increased with income, but the poorest participate more in public physical activity programs when compared with the other income categories. Awareness and physical activity were similar among those who were and were not visited by EqSF. Prevalences of awareness and participation in public physical activity programs are not expressive, with nearly 30% of individuals disinterested in current programs. Local-regional efforts are needed so that physical activity can be established as a health promotion tool.O objetivo foi descrever o conhecimento de programas públicos de atividade física, a prática de atividade física em programas públicos e as barreiras relacionadas à não participação nestes programas de uma amostra representativa nacional, segundo o sexo, idade, cor da pele, renda, Unidades da Federação (UF) e ter sido visitado por uma equipe de saúde da família (EqSF) no último ano. Estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. As análises foram de cunho descritivo, usando-se a distribuição de frequências relativas e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança, ponderadas para o desenho amostral. Foram inclusos 60.202 indivíduos. A prevalência de conhecimento foi de 20% e, destes, 9,7% relataram prática de atividades nos programas públicos. As barreiras mais relatadas foram falta de tempo (41,4%) e não ter interesse pelas atividades oferecidas (29,7%). Mulheres possuem maior conhecimento quando comparadas aos homens, porém a prática é similar entre os sexos. O conhecimento e a prática de atividade física foram maiores nas categorias de idades mais avançadas. O conhecimento aumentou conforme a renda, mas os mais pobres participam mais dos programas públicos de atividade física em comparação às demais categorias de renda. O conhecimento e a prática de atividade física foram similares entre quem recebeu ou não uma visita de EqSF. As prevalências de conhecimento e prática de atividade física em programas públicos são pouco expressivas, sendo que quase 30% dos indivíduos não se interessam pelos programas vigentes. Esforços loco-regionais são necessários para que a atividade física possa se estabelecer como ferramenta de promoção de saúde.El objetivo fue describir el conocimiento de programas públicos de actividad física, la práctica de actividad física en programas públicos, así como las barreras relacionadas con la no participación en estos programas dentro de una muestra representativa nacional, según sexo, edad, color de piel, renta, Unidades de la Federación (UF) y haber sido visitado por un equipo de salud de la familia (EqSF) durante el último año. Es un estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2013. Los análisis fueron de cuño descriptivo, utilizando la distribución de frecuencias relativas y sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza, así como ponderadas para el diseño de muestras. Se incluyeron a 60.202 individuos. La prevalencia de conocimiento fue de un 20,0% y, de estos, un 9,7% informaron de la práctica de actividades en los programas públicos. Las barreras más informadas fueron falta de tiempo (41,4%) y no tener interés por las actividades ofrecidas (29,7%). Las mujeres cuentan con un mayor conocimiento cuando se comparan con los hombres, pese a que la práctica es similar entre sexos. El conocimiento y la práctica de actividad física fueron mayores en las categorías con edades más avanzadas. El conocimiento aumentó según la renta, pero los más pobres participan más en los programas públicos de actividad física, en comparación con las demás categorías de renta. El conocimiento y la práctica de actividad física fueron similares entre quienes recibieron o no una visita de EqSF. Las prevalencias de conocimiento y práctica de actividad física en programas públicos son poco expresivas, en consecuencia casi un 30% de los individuos no se interesan por los programas vigentes. Se necesitan esfuerzos en el nivel local y regional para que la actividad física pueda establecerse como herramienta de promoción de salud.

O objetivo foi identificar desigualdades na prática de atividade física de lazer e deslocamento ativo para escola em adolescentes brasileiros, bem como suas tendências de acordo com o sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna e regiões geográficas de 2009 a 2015. Estudo descritivo baseado em dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009, 2012 e 2015. Foram considerados ativos no lazer aqueles que acumularam, no mínimo, 60 minutos por dia, em cinco ou mais dias da semana anteriores à entrevista. Para deslocamento ativo para escola, foi avaliado o transporte a pé ou de bicicleta para a escola na semana anterior à entrevista. Os desfechos foram estratificados pelo sexo, tipo de escola, escolaridade materna e regiões geográficas. As desigualdades foram avaliadas por meio de diferenças e razões entre as estimativas, bem como por índices sumários de desigualdade. Foram incluídos na PeNSE 2009, 2012 e 2015, 61.301, 61.145 e 51.192 escolares, respectivamente. A prevalência de atividade física de lazer foi 13,8% em 2009, 15,9% em 2012 e 14,7% em 2015; já para o deslocamento ativo para escola, foi 70,6%, 61,7%, 66,7%, respectivamente. Meninos apresentaram uma prevalência de 10 pontos percentuais (p.p.) maior de atividade física de lazer e cerca de 5p.p. no deslocamento ativo para escola do que as meninas. Escolares filhos de mães com maior escolaridade apresentaram, em média, uma prevalência de atividade física de lazer 10p.p. maior do que seu grupo extremo de comparação e cerca de 30p.p. menor com relação ao deslocamento ativo para escola. As desigualdades observadas permaneceram constantes ao longo do período avaliado. Foram identificadas desigualdades socioeconômicas e entre os sexos, que se mantiveram constantes ao longo do período analisado e que foram específicas para cada domínio de atividade física. El objetivo fue identificar desigualdades en la práctica de actividad física durante el tiempo libre y desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela en adolescentes brasileños, así como sus tendencias de acuerdo con sexo, tipo de escuela, escolaridad materna y regiones geográficas desde 2009 hasta 2015. Estudio descriptivo, basado en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE) de 2009, 2012 y 2015. Se consideraron activos durante el tiempo libre aquellos que acumularon, por lo menos, 60 minutos al día de actividad física durante cinco o más días a la semana anteriores a la entrevista. Para el desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela, se evaluó el transporte a pie o en bicicleta hacia la escuela durante la semana anterior a la entrevista. Los resultados se estratificaron por sexo, tipo de escuela, escolaridad materna y regiones geográficas. Las desigualdades se evaluaron mediante diferencias y razones entre las estimativas, así como por el sumario de los indices de desigualdad. Se incluyeron en el PeNSE 2009, 2012 y 2015, 61.301, 61.145 y 51.192 escolares, respectivamente. La prevalencia de actividad física durante el tiempo libre fue de un 13,8% en 2009, 15,9% en 2012 y 14,7% en 2015; ya para el desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela, fue 70,6%, 61,7%, 66,7%, respectivamente. Los niños presentaron una prevalencia de 10 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) mayor de actividad física durante el tiempo libre y cerca de 5p.p. en el desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela que las niñas. Los escolares -hijos de madres con mayor escolaridad- presentaron una prevalencia media de actividad física durante el tiempo libre 10p.p. mayor que su grupo extremo de comparación, y cerca de 30p.p. menor, con relación al desplazamiento activo hacia la escuela. Las desigualdades observadas permanecieron constantes a lo largo del período evaluado. Se identificaron desigualdades socioeconómicas y entre sexos, que se mantuvieron constantes a lo largo del período analizado, y que fueron específicas para cada dominio de actividad física. The objective of this study was to identify inequalities in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to school in Brazilian adolescents, as well as trends according to gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region, from 2009 to 2015. This was a descriptive study based on data from the Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009, 2012, and 2015. Students were defined as active in their leisure time when they practiced at least 60 minutes of physical activity a day on five or more of the seven days prior to the interview. Active commuting to school was defined as walking or biking to school on the week prior to the interview. The outcomes were stratified by gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region. Inequalities were assessed by differences and ratios between the estimates, as well as summary inequality indices. The 2009, 2012, and 2015 surveys included 61,301, 61,145, and 51,192 schoolchildren, respectively. Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 13.8% in 2009, 15.9% in 2012, and 14.7% in 2015; the rates for active commuting to school were 70.6%, 61.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Boys showed 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and 5 points higher active commuting to school than girls. Children of mothers with more schooling showed a mean of 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity than children of mothers with the lowest schooling and some 30 percentage points lower in relation to active commuting to school. The observed inequalities remained constant over the course of the period. The study identified socioeconomic and gender inequalities that remained constant throughout the period and which were specific to each domain of physical activity.

Objetivo. Compreender os efeitos de exercícios físicos em indivíduos com epilepsia. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das ba­ses de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Bireme e SciELO, com as palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Physical Exercise; Motor Activity; Epilepsy; Humans. Foram excluídos todos os artigos com amostra menor que cinco pessoas; que não apresentassem no título palavras que indicassem movimento; que indicassem no título e resumo que a amostra possuía alguma doença associada ou fosse composta por ani­mais; ou estudos que não realizaram intervenções. Resultados. Foram encontrados 136 artigos. Após a exclusão dos duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de exclusão restaram nove artigos. Desses, cinco eram experimentais, dois quasi-experimentais e dois ensaios clínicos ran­domizados. Dos cinco estudos que consideraram os efeitos agudos, nenhum relatou indução de crises epilépticas em consequência do exercício. Quando foram analisados os efeitos crônicos, o exercício foi eficaz para melhorar variáveis psicológicas, comportamentais e fi­siológicas. No entanto, a relação crônica entre o exercício físico e a epilepsia não é conclusiva devido ao baixo número e qualidade das publicações. Conclusão. Conclui-se que o exercício físico não é um indutor de crises e pode melhorar aspectos gerais de saúde e qualidade de vida dessas pessoas. Objetivo. Compreender os efeitos de exercícios físicos em indivíduos com epilepsia. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática das ba­ses de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Bireme e SciELO, com as palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Physical Exercise; Motor Activity; Epilepsy; Humans. Foram excluídos todos os artigos com amostra menor que cinco pessoas; que não apresentassem no título palavras que indicassem movimento; que indicassem no título e resumo que a amostra possuía alguma doença associada ou fosse composta por ani­mais; ou estudos que não realizaram intervenções. Resultados. Foram encontrados 136 artigos. Após a exclusão dos duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de exclusão restaram nove artigos. Desses, cinco eram experimentais, dois quasi-experimentais e dois ensaios clínicos ran­domizados. Dos cinco estudos que consideraram os efeitos agudos, nenhum relatou indução de crises epilépticas em consequência do exercício. Quando foram analisados os efeitos crônicos, o exercício foi eficaz para melhorar variáveis psicológicas, comportamentais e fi­siológicas. No entanto, a relação crônica entre o exercício físico e a epilepsia não é conclusiva devido ao baixo número e qualidade das publicações. Conclusão. Conclui-se que o exercício físico não é um indutor de crises e pode melhorar aspectos gerais de saúde e qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.

The objective of this study was to identify inequalities in leisure-time physical activity and active commuting to school in Brazilian adolescents, as well as trends according to gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region, from 2009 to 2015. This was a descriptive study based on data from the Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE) in 2009, 2012, and 2015. Students were defined as active in their leisure time when they practiced at least 60 minutes of physical activity a day on five or more of the seven days prior to the interview. Active commuting to school was defined as walking or biking to school on the week prior to the interview. The outcomes were stratified by gender, type of school, maternal schooling, and geographic region. Inequalities were assessed by differences and ratios between the estimates, as well as summary inequality indices. The 2009, 2012, and 2015 surveys included 61,301, 61,145, and 51,192 schoolchildren, respectively. Prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was 13.8% in 2009, 15.9% in 2012, and 14.7% in 2015; the rates for active commuting to school were 70.6%, 61.7%, and 66.7%, respectively. Boys showed 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and 5 points higher active commuting to school than girls. Children of mothers with more schooling showed a mean of 10 percentage points higher prevalence of leisure-time physical activity than children of mothers with the lowest schooling and some 30 percentage points lower in relation to active commuting to school. The observed inequalities remained constant over the course of the period. The study identified socioeconomic and gender inequalities that remained constant throughout the period and which were specific to each domain of physical activity.

RESUMO As mulheres na menopausa sofrem mudanças endócrinas que acarretam uma série de disfunções, inclusive a atenuação da resposta imune. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura que objetivou buscar ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) que verificassem o efeito do exercício físico na imunomodulação em mulheres pós-menopausadas. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados eletrônicas Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs e Bireme, com as seguintes palavras-chave: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause e postmenopausal period. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão dos títulos e resumos, os artigos que deixavam claro não tratar do efeito do exercício/atividade física sobre o sistema imune e artigos que estudaram mulheres com câncer e/ou diabetes. Foram incluídos sete artigos para análise. As intervenções duraram de seis meses a 19,9 anos, com amostras variando de 18 a 421 pessoas. Todos os estudos utilizaram o exercício aeróbio moderado como intervenção. Apenas um estudo utilizou medida subjetiva para avaliar o sistema imune, sendo que os demais estudos utilizaram medidas bioquímicas diretas. Com relação ao efeito do exercício sobre a imunomodulação, 57,1% dos ECR concluíram que o exercício físico atuou positivamente sobre o sistema imune de mulheres menopausadas e nenhum mostrou efeito negativo. A proteína C reativa e a contagem de células imunológicas foram as mais pesquisadas, com quatro estudos cada, nos quais, apenas um de cada variável mostrou associação significativa na diminuição desses parâmetros. Três estudos pesquisaram a variável interleucina-6 e dois, a amiloide A, sem demonstrar associação significativa; dos dois estudos que avaliaram imunoglobulinas, apenas um mostrou associação para o aumento da imunoglobulina A. Concluiu-se que é pouco provável que o exercício aeróbio prejudique o sistema imune de mulheres menopausadas e é necessária a realização de novos ECR que objetivem verificar as mudanças na imunomodulação dessa população e que abranjam diferentes volumes e tipos de exercício físico. ABSTRACT Menopausal women undergo endocrine changes that cause multiple disorders, including attenuation of the immune response. In this sense, a systematic review of the literature was conducted aiming to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had studied the effect of physical exercise on immune modulation in postmenopausal women. Electronic databases of Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs, and Bireme were used with the following keywords: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause and postmenopausal period. The exclusion criteria for titles and abstracts were any article that clearly did not address the effect of exercise/physical activity on the immune system and those that investigated women with cancer and/or diabetes. Seven articles were included for analysis. Interventions lasted from six months to 19.9 years, with samples ranging from 18 to 421 subjects. All studies used moderate aerobic exercise as intervention. Only one study used subjective measure to evaluate the immune system and the remaining studies used direct biochemical measurements. Regarding the effect of exercise on immune modulation, 57.1% of the RCT concluded that physical exercise acted positively on immune system of menopausal women and showed no negative effect. C-reactive protein and immune cell count were the most researched variables, with four studies each, where only one in each variable was significantly associated with decrease in these parameters. Three studies investigated the variable interleukin-6 and two investigated the serum amyloid A, showing no significant association; of the two studies evaluating immunoglobulins, only one showed an association with increased immunoglobulin A. We concluded that it is no likely that aerobic exercise impairs the immune system in postmenopausal women, and is necessary to perform new RCTs to study the changes in immune modulation in this population and to address different volumes and types of exercise. RESUMEN Las mujeres menopáusicas sufren cambios endocrinos que causan una serie de trastornos, incluyendo la atenuación de la respuesta inmune. El objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) en la literatura que han estudiado el efecto del ejercicio sobre la inmunomodulación en las mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Llilacs y Bireme con las siguientes palabras clave: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause y postmenopausal period. De acuerdo con los criterios de exclusión para los títulos y resúmenes, los artículos que no abordaran el efecto de la actividad física/ejercicio físico sobre el sistema inmunológico y los artículos que estudiaron mujeres con cáncer y/o diabetes fueron excluidos. Siete artículos se incluyeron para el análisis. Las intervenciones duraron entre seis meses y 19,9 años, con muestras desde 18 hasta 421 personas. Todos los estudios utilizaron el ejercicio aeróbico moderado como una intervención. Sólo un estudio utilizó medida subjetiva para evaluar el sistema inmune, y los estudios restantes utilizaron mediciones bioquímicas directas. En cuanto a los efectos del ejercicio sobre la inmunomodulación, 57,1% de los ECA llegó a la conclusión de que el ejercicio actuó positivamente sobre el sistema inmunológico de las mujeres menopáusicas y no hubo ningún efecto negativo. La proteína C reactiva y el recuento de células inmunes fueron los más investigados, con cuatro estudios de cada uno, en los cuales sólo uno de cada variable se asoció de manera significativa a la disminución en estos parámetros. Tres estudios investigaron la variable interleucina-6 y dos, la amiloide A, sin demostrar asociación significativa; de los dos estudios que evaluaron las inmunoglobulinas, sólo uno se asoció al aumento de la inmunoglobulina A. Se concluyó que es improbable que el ejercicio aeróbico afecte negativamente el sistema inmunológico de las mujeres menopáusicas. Es necesaria la realización de nuevos ECA que tengan como objetivo verificar los cambios en la inmunomodulación de esta población y que cubran efectos de diferentes volúmenes y tipos de ejercicio.