1. Nature of the Ba 4d Splitting in BaTiO3 Unraveled by a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
- Author
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Pierre-Marie Deleuze, Hélène Magnan, Antoine Barbier, Zheshen Li, Alberto Verdini, Luca Floreano, Bruno Domenichini, Céline Dupont, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electronique et nanoPhotonique Organique (LEPO), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Storage Ring Facilities [Aarhus] (ISA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratorio Nazionale TASC (TASC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-INFM, ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017), ANR-15-CE05-0014,PHOTO-POT,Photoelectrolyse de l'eau assistée par un potentiel interne(2015), and European Project: 730872,CALIPSOplus
- Subjects
[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,General Energy ,Barium ,Electrical energy ,Oxides ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Layers ,Diffraction ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Abstract
International audience; In this paper, synchrotron radiation photoemission techniques are used to unravel the pending nature of the two Ba 4d components, also observed on Ba 3d lines, and commonly named Ba(α) and Ba(β). Investigations were carried out on the (001) surface of epitaxial very thin (≤ 20 nm) films combined with DFT calculations. Photoelectron diffraction experiments reveal different behaviors for Ba(α) and Ba(β) components. While six well defined diffraction features corresponding to the BaTiO$_3$ bulk structure are observed for the Ba(α) component, no feature really appears in the diffraction pattern of Ba(β). This observations reveal the absence of forward scattering processes, hence this component comes mostly from surface BaO plane. Supporting these results, DFT calculations demonstrate a shift to lower binding energy (BE) only for the Ba 4d peak from the topmost BaO layer with respect to the photoelectron peak stemming from bulk layers. Hence, only one peak (the Ba(α) one) should be observed for a sample with a complete TiO$_2$ termination. This hypothesis is supported by photoemission measurements carried out at low photon energy in grazing angle emission, in order to enhance the signal from topmost layers with respect to the bulk. For each sample, the Ba(β)/Ba(α) intensity ratio is well reproduced by a model where the Ba(β) signal is only coming from the topmost surface BaO plane.
- Published
- 2022