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À l’aune du Web 3.0, la zone d’ombre autour des définitions qualifiant les violences en ligne constitue un obstacle à leur bonne compréhension : haine en ligne, discours de haine et cyberharcèlement sont des termes qui peuvent autant se distinguer que se confondre. Ce constat nous a conduites à rencontrer, par le biais d’entretiens semi-directifs et selon un échantillon de cas multiples, quatorze Belges francophones âgés entre 15 et 25 ans (les digital natives) ayant été victimes, auteurs et/ou témoins de discours de haine en ligne, et présentant une diversité au niveau de l’origine ethnique, du genre, et de l’orientation sexuelle. L’objectif poursuivi est de connaître leurs expériences subjectives liées au discours de haine en ligne. Les résultats qualitatifs seront discutés selon le profil autorapporté par notre échantillon et mis au regard de la conduite de cyberharcèlement, mais également de l’usage de violences verbales, qui ressortent des entretiens menés. L’article se clôturera par une réflexion sur la multitude de formes de discours de haine en ligne exprimées par un échantillon de digital native et la nécessité de s’interroger sur les aspects définitoires de ces comportements, notamment afin de développer des politiques de prévention ciblées du discours de haine en ligne.

Resume But de l’etude Cet article a pour objectif de discuter des conduites de harcelement et cyber-harcelement a l’adolescence. Les enjeux cliniques et methodologiques autour de ces phenomenes seront presentes, avec la volonte de nuancer la comprehension de certains resultats de recherche et reflexes de terrain. Nous proposerons ensuite de definir et circonscrire ces conduites, notamment les interrelations et specificites de chacune. Dans un troisieme temps, nous nous centrerons sur le concept d’empathie et son role dans les conduites de harcelement et cyber-harcelement concernant l’auteur. Enfin, et en tenant compte des interrelations et distinctions entre harcelement et cyber-harcelement et de la place centrale de l’empathie, seront discutees des possibilites d’actions a mener de nature cognitivo-comportementale en vue de prendre en charge ces phenomenes a differents niveaux (micro, meso et macro), ce tant chez l’auteur que chez la victime ou encore plus largement en incluant le groupe de pairs et l’etablissement scolaire.

This study tested whether grade retention at the transition into secondary school had a significant impact on adolescent psychosocial adjustment. A quasi-experimental design was used in which propensity score matching was implemented. Univariate ANCOVAs were subsequently run on a subsample of 181 students enrolled in one typical secondary school in the French-speaking region of Belgium ( M = 12.91 years, 55.8% girls). These analyses revealed that retained students experienced decreases in self-esteem, perceived parental support for competence and involvement in the relationships with their parents, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation variables. Retained students also failed to show the decrease in delinquent and aggressive behaviors and social withdrawal that was observed in matched promoted students. In sum, grade retention appears to be detrimental to early-adolescence psychosocial adjustment. To decrease rates of grade retention among adolescents, change is needed in parents’, school staff’s, and policymakers’ preconceptions that the practice has overall positive outcomes.

Le travail avec les parents est un des enjeux majeurs des equipes SOS-Enfants. Cet article se propose de presenter le contenu d’une intervention cognitivo-comportementale destinee a developper les habiletes parentales (le programme Ces annees incroyables) et les premieres observations liees a son implantation au sein d’une equipe SOS-Enfants. 5 meres (X âge = 40 ans, Ec.type = 7,1) ont participe a cette experimentation sur une duree de 12 semaines avec pour objectifs : Le developpement d’une relation parent-enfant harmonieuse ; L’apprentissage de strategies educatives efficaces et utilisees de facon coherente ; L’amelioration des processus de resolution de problemes et de la communication au sein de la famille. Les elements de contenu et du dispositif de l’intervention qui ont ete mis en evidence par les meres comme etant significatifs pour atteindre ces objectifs sont exposes. L’article se termine par une mise en perspective et des propositions concretes pour developper ce type d’intervention au sein des equipes SOS-Enfants.

Therapeutic interventions support change in delinquent youths rather than rely on surveillance and deterrence. This article describes successful and concrete components for therapeutic interventions in juvenile justice facilities. The effectiveness of remedial measures to best address the sources of youths' delinquent behaviors and the performance of juvenile justice system are discussed first, and then two theoretical frameworks of rehabilitative models are described that are commonly used with delinquent youths. Finally, specific recommendations for enhancing treatment in juvenile justice facilities with regard to the content of interventions, social climate, and youth motivation to engage in treatment are described and explained in a way intended to help caregivers and practitioners, supervisors of juvenile justice facilities, and policy makers improve the daily life of youths placed in this kind of environment.

This article described adolescent girls’ (n = 153) perceptions of the social climate that prevailed in their residential care unit and explored to what extent these perceptions related to their pre-treatment individual characteristics. Social climate was examined with a gender-responsive approach and through empathetic interactions with practitioners, healthy connections with the peer group, and just and collaborative practices within the residential care setting. Results indicated that adolescent girls’ configuration of risks and needs impact how they perceive their program environment. We conclude the article with specific recommendations for enhancing gender-responsive programs in residential care setting in regard to non-programmatic features.

This study investigated the mediating/moderating role of cannabis use expectancies in/on the relationship between social anxiety (SA) and cannabis use in adolescence. Linear/logistic regressions and mediation/moderation analyses were performed in a sample of 1,343 Belgian teenagers (15 to 16 years old). SA was negatively related to lifetime cannabis use. Relaxation, social facilitation, and high-order positive expectancies moderated the relation between SA and lifetime cannabis use, whereas negative behavioral and high-order negative expectancies mediated the link. The potential protective nature of SA on lifetime cannabis use and the diverging involvement of negative and positive expectancies are discussed. Results support the importance of expectancies in prevention.

Teenagers commonly use cannabis. Expectancies related to the effects of cannabis play an important role in its consumption and are frequently measured with the Marijuana Effect Expectancies Questionnaire (MEEQ). This study aims to assess the psychometric properties (factor structure, internal consistency reliability, criterion validity) of the French MEEQ. A sample of 1,343 non-clinical teenagers (14–18 years) were recruited to answer a self-report questionnaire; 877 of them responded twice (one-year interval). A four-factor structure was obtained: Cognitive Impairment and Negative, Relaxation and Social Facilitation, Perceptual Enhancement and Craving and Negative Behavioral Effect Expectancies. It is concluded that the French MEEQ constitutes an appropriate tool to measure cannabis effect expectancies among adolescents.

This study identified protective and risk factors of cannabis use initiation, including expectancies and social anxiety. A questionnaire was completed twice by 877 teenagers. Logistic regressions, mediation and moderation analyses were performed. Significant risk factors were alcohol use, peer users, perceptual enhancement, and craving expectancies. Protective factors were negative behavior expectancies and social anxiety. Social anxiety protected from initiation through the mediating role of perceptual enhancement and craving expectancies, whatever the role of peer users and alcohol use. Findings are discussed in terms of risk and protection, in an overall approach including internalizing factors. Results support the identification of an internalizing profile of adolescents for prevention or treatment and the importance of social anxiety and expectancies in intervention.

Resume Introduction et objectif La presente etude examine la validite d’un questionnaire de climat de groupe (QCGCR), associe au vecu educatif partage, dans un echantillon de 153 filles (M âge = 15,2 ans), placees au sein de centres de readaptation dans la region de Montreal, Canada. Methode Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont ete utilisees pour valider trois dimensions distinctes du climat de groupe : « relations avec les pairs », « relations avec les educateurs » et « pratiques educatives ». Resultats Les resultats montrent des indices satisfaisants, indiquant une bonne validite. La fidelite de la mesure, evaluee par les coefficients de l’alpha de Cronbach, est egalement significative pour les 12 echelles associees. Conclusions Cette mesure de climat de groupe reflete la vie au sein d’unites en structure residentielle, au travers de ses trois dimensions distinctes, et correspond a un contexte reeducatif en lien avec des adolescents en readaptation sociale.

The goal of this study was to identify the predictors and the moderators of group characteristics that influence deviancy and normative training processes in delinquent male adolescents. The authors experimentally tested the effects of group composition on deviant talk interaction processes among groups in which all members presented delinquent behaviors ("pure" delinquent group condition), those that included adolescents with no delinquent behaviors ("pure" normative group condition), and adolescents with both profiles ("mixed" group condition). Participants were 70 male adolescents aged 15-18 (M = 16.5; 56% Caucasian), with a random assignment to groups. Data were collected among three group sessions (T1, T2, T3), one session a week, using videotape. Two contents of interactions were also measured: antisocial and normative stories, counterbalanced across sessions. Results showed a significant group effect for antisocial talk and its reinforcement, with less antisocial talk within the mixed group condition in comparison to the pure delinquent group condition. The topic of interaction was also observed as a predictor of antisocial talk, with less normative interactions and more antisocial talk associated with antisocial topics. Finally, time moderated some relations between experimental groups and talk. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for future research on deviancy training processes. Aggr. Behav. 00:1-15, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en

Item does not contain fulltext This study examined prospective associations between late adolescents’ friendships and substance use (alcohol, marijuana, tobacco) using a stochastic actor-based modeling approach and the moderating role of popularity. Participants were 450 adolescents (53% female, M age = 15.5 years) who completed surveys in grades 10 and 11. Results of a single multivariate model indicated that peer selection based on similar tobacco use was a more robust predictor of changes in friendship than selection based on similar alcohol and marijuana use; and peer socialization of alcohol use predicted more changes in adolescent-drinking behaviors. Popularity moderated selection based on alcohol use; popular adolescents were more likely to select friends with high levels of drinking behaviors. Popularity did not moderate peer socialization. 11 p.

Cette étude examine si l’usage des jeux vidéo violents exerce une influence sur le biais d’attribution hostile au sein d’une population de préadolescents. Un protocole quasi expérimental a été utilisé, composé de 43 sujets, de sexe masculin, âgés entre 11 et 12 ans (Moy. âge = 11.3) provenant d’une population à haute vulnérabilité sociétale et d’une population à plus faible vulnérabilité sociétale. Chaque sous échantillon a été soumis à deux contenus de jeux vidéo : un jeu vidéo à contenu violent (groupe expérimental) et un jeu vidéo à contenu non violent (groupe contrôle). Tous les sujets ont été au préalable soumis à une mesure de biais d’attribution hostile avant l’expérimentation (pré-test) et après celle-ci, (post-test). Les résultats montrent que le contenu du jeu ainsi que le niveau de vulnérabilité sociétale n’ont pas d’impact sur le biais d’attribution hostile et l’interprétation de situations sociales ambigües. Néanmoins, il y a significativement plus d’interprétation hostile lors de la phase post-test que lors de la phase pré-test et ce, indépendamment du niveau de vulnérabilité sociétale ou du groupe expérimental (jeu violent vs jeu non violent). Cette étude se conclut par une discussion sur le jeu vidéo comme facteur possible de risque du biais d’attribution hostile et des comportements agressifs en général., This research examines the use of violent video games on hostile attributional bias in a sample of young adolescents. A quasi experimental design was used, composed of 43 male young adolescents aged between 11 and 12 years (X age =11.3), coming from a highly societal vulnerability and a less societal vulnerability. Each sub-sample received two sorts of video game: one video containing violence (experimental group) and one non violent video game (control group). All the adolescents were previously tested on a measure of hostile attributional bias before the phase of experimentation (pre-test phase) and afterwards to the post-test. The results show that the content of the game and the societal vulnerability have no impact on the hostile attributional bias and the interpretation of ambiguous social situations. Nevertheless, there is a significantly more hostile interpretation during the post-test phase than during the pre-test phase, regardless the societal vulnerability or the experimental group (violent game vs non violent game). This research concludes with a discussion on the video game as a risk factor for hostile behaviour and for aggressive behaviour in general.