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Microscopic filaments of the siphonous green algaeOstreobium(Ulvophyceae, Bryopsidales) colonize and dissolve the calcium carbonate skeletons of coral colonies, in shallow-water reef environments of contrasted salinities. Their bacterial composition and plasticity in response to salinity remain unknown. Here, we analyzed the bacteria associated with coral-isolatedOstreobiumstrains from two distinctrbcL lineages, representative of IndoPacific environmental phylotypes, that had been pre-acclimatized (>9months) to three ecologically-relevant reef salinities: 32.9, 35.1 and 40.2 psu. Bacterial phylotypes were visualized at filament scale by CARD-FISH in algal tissue sections, localized to the surface, within filaments or in the algal mucilage.Ostreobium-associated communities, characterized by bacterial 16S rRNA metabarcoding of cultured thalli and corresponding supernatants, were structured by host genotype more than salinity and partly overlapped with those of environmental (Ostreobium-colonized) coral skeletons. Alphaproteobacteria dominated the thalli communities, enriched in Kiloniellaceae or Rhodospirillaceae depending on algal genotype. A small core microbiota composed of 7 ASVs (∼1.5% of thalli ASVs, 19%-36% cumulated proportions), shared by multiple cultures of bothOstreobiumgenotypes and persistent across 3 salinities, included putative intracellular Amoebophilus and Rickettsiales bacteria. This novel knowledge on the taxonomic diversity ofOstreobiumbacterial associates paves the way to functional interaction studies within the coral holobiont.

Study question Are the levels of phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) in sperm associated with sperm parameters? Summary answer Yes, PLCζ levels are correlated with motility, vitality, concentration and morphology and decreased in samples with anormal sperm parameters. What is known already Sperm phospholipase C Zeta (PLCζ) is a protein mainly located in the sperm head and its major role is the induction of the Ca2+ oscillations necessary for oocyte activation following fertilization. During fertilization, PLCζ is released into the ovum cytoplasm and induces Ca2+ oscillations via the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate signaling pathway. PLCζ deficiency have been shown to be associated with low or total failed fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In such cases, artificial oocyte activation (AOA) using calcium ionophore has been shown to increase fertilization rates. Thus, finding easy method to quantify PLCζ in a clinical setting is crucial. Study design, size, duration Between May 2021 and September 2021, 92 patients already doing a spermogram gave their inform consent to donate their unused sperm sample to research. They were split into two groups based on the normality of the spermogram (following World Health Organization 2010 criteria), normal sperm parameters (NPS, n = 24) and abnormal sperm parameters (ASP, n = 68). Levels of PLCζ were also determined in a subgroup of patient before and after the passage in a microfluidic chamber (ZyMōt™)(n = 27). Participants/materials, setting, methods Age, volume, pH, concentration, total sperm count, motility, progressive motility, vitality, morphology, DNA fragmentation, chromatin compaction, level of PLCζ and fluorescence intensity were compared between the two groups and correlations were made to better understand the association between PLCζ levels and sperm parameters. PLCζ levels were assessed by flow cytometry after fixation and permeabilization of the cells, primary antibody (rabbit anti-human PLCζ) and secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit coupled with the fluorochrome FITC). Main results and the role of chance Significantly lower PLCζ levels were observed in ASP patients compared to NSP patients (respectively 45.4% vs 56.9%, p = 0.0038). Positive correlations were also observed between PLCζ levels and sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, total motility, and sperm vitality (p Limitations, reasons for caution Since there is a correlation between PLCζ levels and motility/vitality, it is expected that a sample treatment with a microfluidic chamber will increased the percentage of PLCζ. In addition, PLCζ is implicated in oocyte activation, so the real cut-off point should be determined with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Wider implications of the findings Demonstrating the association between PLCζ levels and sperm parameters established the relevance of using a microfluidic chamber for a better sperm quality for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Trial registration number Not applicable

Resume Objectifs Evaluer l’efficacite d’un protocole de sophrologie adapte a la prise en charge des acouphenes subjectifs invalidants en determinant, sans comparaison a un groupe controle, si cette technique permet d’attenuer le handicap associe a la perception acouphenique. Materiels et methodes Une population de 140 patients consecutifs (18–83 ans) a beneficie d’un protocole comprenant 6 a 8 seances de sophrologie sur une periode de 2 a 4 mois. L’effet de ces seances a ete evalue en comparant l’evolution des scores pre-/post-traitement du Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), un questionnaire valide mesurant le handicap induit par les acouphenes. Resultats Il a ete observe une amelioration des scores moyens de THI, avec pour 59,2 % des sujets traites une decroissance superieure a 20 points, ce qui constitue une reduction ayant une valeur clinique significative. Cette amelioration est independante de l’anciennete des acouphenes (> ou Conclusion Le protocole de sophrologie detaille dans cet article, specifiquement developpe pour la prise en charge des acouphenes subjectifs, peut permettre d’obtenir une attenuation de leur caractere intrusif. Des etudes complementaires avec groupe controle sont necessaires pour affirmer l’efficacite en comparaison a une liste d’attente ou a d’autres prises en charge validees comme les therapies cognitives et comportementales.

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A cross-sectional survey using an anonymous questionnaire was conducted among women attending STI center in two hospitals in western and southern Reunion Island during one year. All women who had performed a CT PCR, based on vaginal self-swabs, were included.Among the 620 patients tested, the prevalence of infection was 6.6% (95% CI [4.7-8.6]). By age group, the highest prevalence was between 12 and 17 years with 14.3% positive tests compared to 7.5% and 3.9% respectively in 18-24 and 25-67 year age group (p = 0.003). The risk factors for CT were a young age (p = 0.02), a first sexual intercourse between 11 and 14 years old (p = 0.01), lack of previous STI screening history (p = 0.02), and the following motives for seeking screening: "partner unfaithfulness" (p = 0.01) and "infected partner" (p = 0.02).This study highlights the high prevalence of CT among Reunionese minors. A more systematic screening and a reinforcement of STI awareness among young people in Reunion Island seem to be essential.

To assess (without comparison versus controls) the efficacy of a sophrology protocol adapted to disabling subjective tinnitus, in diminishing the handicap induced by perception of tinnitus.One hundred and forty consecutive patients, aged 18-83 years, underwent a protocol comprising 6-8 sessions of sophrology over a 2-4 month period. Impact was assessed on pre- to post-treatment progression on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), a validated questionnaire measuring handicap induced by tinnitus.Mean THI scores improved, by20 points in 59.2% of cases (i.e., clinically significant decrease). Improvement was independent of tinnitus duration (versus6 months) and origin (acoustic trauma versus emotional shock), and concerned all 3 THI subscales (functional, catastrophic and emotional).The present sophrology protocol, dedicated to subjective tinnitus, reduced intrusiveness. Further studies with a control group are needed to confirm efficacy as compared to waiting list or other validated treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

Summary Nowadays reservoir models become more and more sophisticated in terms of methods and approaches used. The ultimate objective of a reservoir model is to obtain as accurate as possible estimation of hydrocarbon in place volumes, to capture impacting heterogeneities, and to be as much predictive as possible for dynamic units. This is achieved by a construction of 3D geological model populated with petrophysical properties. Rock-typing is one of the approaches allowing to populate a geologically coherent 3D model with petrophysical data. The present rock-typing feasibility study has been performed on a clastic gas field, which reservoirs were formed in two distinct depositional environments - fluvial and tidal dominated. The study has included construction of static rock-types model per each interval, followed by the permeability modeling. The main complexity of the study was the poor quality of dataset (old exploration wells, with limited number and quality of acquired logs). Therefore, the challenge was the ability to correctly define and propagate rock-types to all well vintages. This paper presents the main outcomes of the rock-typing feasibility study, as well as its added value for the reservoir characterization.

Introduction L’infection a Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) est l’infection sexuellement transmissible bacterienne la plus repandue dans le monde. Souvent asymptomatique, elle peut se compliquer de sequelles chez la femme. En France, depuis 2003, il est preconise un depistage systematique du CT dans les centres de depistage chez les femmes de moins de 25 ans. Le reseau « ResIST-Reunion » permet la surveillance de la syphilis, de la gonococcie et de la lymphogranulomatose rectale. Les reseaux de laboratoires dedies aux infections a chlamydiae et gonocoque n’ont pas ete mis en place a la Reunion. L’objectif principal de cette etude est de determiner la prevalence de CT chez les patientes consultant en centre de depistage a la Reunion. L’objectif secondaire est d’affiner les donnees epidemiologiques associes a cette infection. Materiel et methodes Une enquete de prevalence a ete menee dans les centres de depistage des hopitaux de l’ouest et du sud de la Reunion de septembre 2014 a aout 2015. Toutes les femmes, ayant realisee une PCR CT, a partir d’un ecouvillon vaginal, ont ete incluses. Un questionnaire anonyme etait complete lors de la consultation pour le recueil des variables. Les analyses etaient realisees a l’aide de SAS 9.4®. Resultats Chez les 620 patientes testees, la prevalence de l’infection etait de 6,6 %. La prevalence maximale se situait entre 12 et 17 ans : 14,9 % (p = 0,0025). Les facteurs de risques de CT etaient l’âge jeune, un premier rapport sexuel precoce, une absence d’antecedent de depistage et les motifs de consultation « infidelite du partenaire » et « partenaire infecte ». La prevalence etait plus importante chez les moins de 25 ans (10,1 %) que chez les plus de 25 ans (4,1 %) (p = 0,0061). Celles ayant eu leur premier rapport sexuel entre 11 et 14 ans presentaient plus d’infections (p = 0,0021). Discussion La prevalence moyenne du CT presente dans notre population est similaire a celle de la metropole. Neanmoins, la prevalence importante chez les mineures reunionnaises montre leur prise de risque consequente. Elle est egalement associee a une precocite du premier rapport sexuel, un plus grand nombre de grossesses precoces et d’interruptions volontaires de grossesse. Ces elements soulignent leur manque de connaissance et rend primordiale l’education des jeunes en matiere de contraception et de sexualite. La mise a disposition de kits d’auto-depistage pourrait etre envisageable a l’echelle de notre departement dans les cabinets medicaux. De plus, l’elaboration d’un systeme de surveillance regulier a la Reunion, tel que Renachla, semble necessaire. Conclusion Cette etude souligne la prevalence elevee du CT chez les mineures reunionnaises. L’interet d’un depistage plus systematique dans cette population jeune semble primordial.

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced and/or inflammatory breast cancer (LABC) is a heterogeneous disease. Molecular markers may help to understand this heterogeneity. This paper reports the results of a study assessing the potential prognostic or predictive value of HER-2, p53, cyclinD1, MIB1, ER and PgR expression by immunohistochemistry from patients included in an EORTC-NCIC-SAKK trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 448 patients with a cytological or histological diagnosis of LABC were randomised into a trial comparing two anthracycline-based neoadjuvant regimens. Chemotherapy was followed by standard locoregional therapy. Survival was comparable in both arms. We collected and analysed centrally paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 187 (72.5%) of 258 patients that had a histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the patients included in this molecular marker study 114 relapsed and 91 died. In the multivariate analysis p53 positivity was associated with a shorter progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.96; 95% CI 1.33-2.91; P = 0.0008) and a shorter overall survival (HR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.28-3.06; P = 0.002). PgR positivity predicted for a longer overall survival (HR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.35-0.83; P = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: p53 was an independent factor predicting for survival. In order to clarify whether p53 is a pure prognostic and/or a predictive factor, a phase III trial is being conducted (EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 study) using functional assay in yeast from frozen tumour samples

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(La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}){sub y}Fe{sub 1-z}Ni{sub z}O{sub 3-{delta}} perovskites have been proposed as alternative cathode materials. In this communication the electrochemical characterisation of (La{sub 0.8}Sr{sub 0.2}){sub 0.95}Fe{sub 0.8}Ni{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} tested on symmetrical cells are compared to full cell tests. Significant differences between the test procedures are observed. Area specific resistances below 0.5 {omega} cm{sup 2} at 800 C indicate a potential of LSFN for SOFC applications. However, the initial performance and long-term stability are found to be inferior to state-of-art La-Sr Co-Fe perovskite cathodes. (Abstract Copyright [2009], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Note: Times Cited: 10Si Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206060doi:10.1002/fuce.200800116View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000273394400015 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12

BaZr0.9Y0.1O3-δ has been synthesised by three different methods: the solid-state reaction, the spray pyrolysis and the spray drying. Significantly different apparent lattice parameters (between 0.4192 nm for the sample prepared by the solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1,500 °C and 0.4206 nm for the sample prepared by the solid-state reaction method and sintered at 1,720 °C) are observed after calcination and sintering, depending on the synthesis method and the sintering temperature. The bulk conductivity values also vary over several orders of magnitude (–7.2< log σb

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 39 (4), ISSN:0021-891X, ISSN:1572-8838

TiO 2 , MgO, Mo, Al 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 3 up to a few percentages in quantity were intentionally added to BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3 − δ . The selected additives do not contribute to any improvement of the sintering behaviour. The lattice parameter of BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3 − δ for the samples containing additives is smaller than for the pure material. The bulk conductivity also falls drastically with metal addition. For instance, the conductivity of the sample containing TiO 2 is 2.5 orders of magnitude lower than the sample without additive. The grain boundary conductivity is also affected by the presence of metal ions.

The influence of a high temperature annealing (∼ 2200 °C) on the microstructure and the electrical properties of BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3− δ has been examined. The high temperature annealing was achieved using an optical floating zone furnace. The obtained sample is homogeneous with an average grain size of about 5 μm. No additional phases were found in the XRD pattern and the structure was identified to be cubic. After the high temperature annealing, the grain boundary conductivity is increased by approximately two orders of magnitude, while the bulk conductivity remains the same.

Knowledge of the electro-active properties of piezoelectric materials is essential for the modeling and design of novel MEMS devices employing the piezoelectric effect. Cantilevers of piezoelectric thin film on Si were fabricated by using sol–gel and photolithograph wafer processing techniques. A scanning laser vibrometer was used to measure the displacement at the contact pad, the first resonant frequency and the tip deflection of the cantilever. The longitudinal (d33,f), transverse (d31,f) piezoelectric coefficients, and the Young's modulus for the piezoelectric thin films were then determined from these results. Finite element analysis (FEA) modeling was carried out to understand the device behaviors and a good agreement has been found between the measurement and the FEA simulated results.

Revealing the coherency between geology and petrophysics in a mature carbonate field in order to provide 3D distribution of permeability is challenging. This paper shows how integration of early diagenetic processes is a prerequisite in understanding the behaviour of a heterogeneous carbonate field. However, mapping of early diagenetic overprint requires the preliminary mapping of the main depositional belts per stratigraphic sequence as the relevant diagenetic processes occurred during or shortly after deposition. For instance, diagenetic processes associated with vadose dissolution or reflux dolomitisation significantly enhance matrix permeability of the reservoir. Mapping of diagenesis has therefore been used as a tool to constrain permeability distribution within depositional sequences in combination with the interpretation of available dynamic reservoir data. The resulting geomodel better honours the heterogeneities and the dynamic behaviour of the field.

Piezoelectric films can be used in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) devices because the piezoelectric effect can provide high forces with relatively low energy losses. The energy output by a piezoelectric film per unit area is proportional to the film thickness, so it is desirable to have relatively thick films. Chemical solution deposition (CSD) techniques were used to prepare lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films with Zr/Ti ratios of 30/70 and 52/48. Usually CSD processing is restricted to making crack-free single layer films of ca 70 nm thick, but modifications to the sol-gel process have permitted the fabrication of dense, crack-free single layers up to 200–300 nm thick, which can be built-up into layers up to 3 μm thick. Thicker PZT films (> 2 μm single layer) can be produced by using a composite sol-gel/ceramic process. Knowledge of the electro-active properties of these materials is essential for modeling and design of novel MEMS devices and accurate measurement of these properties is by no means straightforward. A novel double beam common path laser interferometer has been developed to measure the piezoelectric coefficient in films and the results were compared with the values obtained by Berlincourt method. A laser scanning vibrometer was also used to measuring the longitudinal (d 33) and transverse (d 31) piezoelectric coefficients for PZT films and ceramics and the results were compared to those obtained by the other methods. It was found that for thin film samples, the d 33,f values obtained from the Belincourt method is usually larger than those obtained from the interferometer method but smaller than those from the vibrometer method and the reasons for this are discussed.

High frequency, thickness mode resonators were fabricated using a 7 μm PZT thick film which was produced using a modified composite ceramic sol-gel process. Initial studies dealt with the integration of the PZT thick film onto the substrate. Two different diffusion barrier layers were tested, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide, in conjunction with the use of 2 types of silicon substrate (differing in the etch stop layer employed, either silicon nitride or silicon oxide). Zirconium oxide gave good results in conjunction with silicon oxide. Using these conditions, devices were produced and the acoustic properties measured for different electrode sizes ranging from 45*45 to 250*250 μm2. The best electrode size, which maximised the acoustic response and minimised the insertion loss, was found to have an area of 110*110 μm2. This device showed a resonant frequency of about 200 MHz, an effective electro-mechanical coupling coefficient of 0.29 and a Q factor of 22.

The influence of mode of capture, season of capture and total body length (L T ) on the probability of regurgitation for striped bass Morone saxatilis captured using gillnets in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia, was examined. Overall. the mean rate of regurgitation for striped bass which contained food contents in their stomach was 8.3%. Striped bass captured by wedging had a higher mean regurgitation rate (17%) than individuals that were either entangled (5%) or gilled (2%). Striped bass caught during the autumn had approximately the same frequency of regurgitation as individuals captured during the summer (10 v. 9%), but these regurgitation rates were higher than those observed for fish during the spring sampling periods (4%). Larger striped bass where more likely to regurgitate their stomach contents than smaller individuals, with the frequency of regurgitation increasing by 0.7% for every 50 mm increase in L T . The results of this study demonstrate the importance of identifying factors that influence regurgitation of stomach contents to minimize and account for biases associated with diet data collected from striped bass captured in gillnets. Using this information, sampling recommendations for food-habit and feeding-rate studies involving the collection of piscivorous fishes using gillnets are made.

High frequency, thickness mode resonators were fabricated using a 7 μm PZT thick film which was produced using a modified composite ceramic sol-gel process. Devices were produced and the acoustic properties measured for different electrode sizes ranging from 45*45 to 250*250 μm2. The best electrode size, which maximised the acoustic response and minimised the insertion loss, was found using an area of 110*110 μm2. This showed a resonant frequency of about 200 MHz, an electro-mechanical coupling coefficient effective of 0.29 and a Q factor of 22. The devices were modelled using a Mason type model which gave good agreement between the experimental data and the simulations. The latter showed for the PZT thick film an electro mechanical coupling coefficient of 0.4 and a stiffness of 8.55*1010 N·m−2.

A thermally stable electrode structure for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films was developed for silicon/silicon nitride substrates by incorporating titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) as a diffusion barrier layer between a Pt electrode and the underlying Si 3 N 4 layer. The titanium oxide was prepared by thermal oxidation of the titanium in air. Wet etching of the PZT was used as a low cost technique to make contact with the back electrode and assess its robustness. Initial results revealed bubbling in the PZT and platinum. This was found to be due to incomplete oxidation of the titanium and high compressive stresses within the Pt layer at the maximum processing temperature of 710 °C. It was found that titanium was optimally oxidised at 700 °C. Work on post-annealing showed that the stress within the platinum, at the processing temperature, could be reduced by annealing at 300 °C. A clear and non-delaminated interface was then obtained using 350 nm of titania oxidised at 700 °C and 200 nm of platinum post-annealed at 300 °C.

Thick films of niobium doped lead zirconate titanate (PNZT) were prepared from a sol-gel/PZT powder composite slurry. The effects of adding different amounts of sol-gel derived lead germanium oxide (PGO) as sintering aid were examined. Four layers of composite, with intermediate sol infiltrations, were deposited by spinning onto Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates followed by drying and annealing. Addition of PGO enhanced the densification process at a temperature as low as 770 °C. It resulted in an increase in the film properties that depended upon the level of PGO addition. Film properties were assessed by measuring the capacitance and dielectric loss. d 33,f and e 31,f piezoelectric coefficient measurements were carried out after poling at 10 V/μm for 5 min at 130 °C. A maximum relative permittivity of 500 was observed between 5 and 8 wt.% PGO addition. The maximum in d 33,f was found to be about 40 pC/N. Additions between 7 and 10 wt.% PGO led to the maximum e 31,f piezoelectric coefficient of about −1.5 C/m 2 .

Translocations involving the BCL-6 gene are frequently observed in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, but have rarely been reported in follicular lymphoma (FL). We studied a distinct cohort of FLs with a 3q27/BCL-6 gene rearrangement, but lacking the t(14;18) translocation. In 13/15 cases, translocations involved the 3q27 and the 14q32 regions. All cases displayed a marked follicular growth pattern and, in some instances, a monocytoid component. Tumor cells were CD5(-) CD20(+) CD23(-) CD43(-) BCL-6(+), and in the main CD10 negative (n = 10, 71%) and BCL-2 negative (n = 11, 78%). When compared to 20 typical t(14;18)(+) FLs, the presence of large follicles (P = 0.01) and a CD10(-)/BCL-2(-) phenotype were more frequently observed (P = 0.001) in our cohort. Clonal mutations arising in the BCL-6 first intron were observed in 5/7 cases with evidence of intraclonal heterogeneity, consistent with a germinal center origin. No significant difference was found in comparison to t(14;18)(+) FL regarding age, sex, performance status, bone marrow involvement or overall survival. However, in the 3q27(+) FL group, a stage III/IV disease and a bulky mass were less frequently observed. This study indicates that 3q27(+) FL without t(14;18) translocation have peculiar clinico-pathologic features and may correspond to a rare and distinct subtype of lymphoma originating from the germinal center.

The relationship between spring inflows and the year-class strength of white bass Morone chrysops was examined in three main-stem Virginia reservoirs. The catch of age-1 white bass in fall gill-net samples from 1980 to 1998 was used as an index for year-class strength in Claytor Lake and Kerr Reservoir. Claytor Lake was sampled by electrofishing during the spring spawning run in 1996, and the residuals associated with catch-curve regressions were computed to estimate year-class strength. In Leesville Reservoir, white bass recruit to gill nets at age-0; therefore, the catch per effort of age-0 white bass was used as an indicator of year-class strength. Strong year-classes (≥0.03 fish/9.29 m2 of gill net) were rare in each reservoir. In Claytor Lake, strong year-classes were produced in 1987 and 1993, both years of high spring inflows. Lake inflows during April were also positively related to the year-class strength of white bass in Kerr and Leesville reservoirs and explained about 90% of the varia...

PZT films in excess of 20 w m thick can readily be fabricated by repeated deposition of a powder/sol-gel slurry. The resultant films often contain a considerable level of porosity which has a detri...

Les lymphomes B diffus a grandes cellules (LBDGC) comportant un rearrangement chromosomique du gene MYC representent environ 10 % des LBDGC. Ils sont souvent refractaires aux therapeutiques standards et associes a un pronostic pejoratif. L’indication d’une etude cytogenetique par hybridation in situ en fluorescence (FISH) pour identifier ces cas n’est pas consensuelle. C’est pourquoi nous avons compare 45 cas de LBDGC avec rearrangement du gene MYC (MYC + ) a 45 cas sans rearrangement (MYC−) dans une etude retrospective realisee a partir des archives du service d’Anatomie Pathologique du Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud. Le rearrangement du gene MYC etait detecte par technique de FISH a l’aide d’une sonde break-apart (SPEC MYC–Zytovision®). La presence du rearrangement etait comparee aux donnees cliniques (âge, sexe, antecedent de lymphome folliculaire, localisation), morphologiques (type histologique, architecture, aspect en ciel etoile, variante cytologique) et immunohistochimiques (phenotype centrofolliculaire ou post-germinatif, Ki67, BCL-2, BCL-6, MYC). Le phenotype etait evalue par immunohistochimie selon l’algorithme de Hans et par technique de Reverse Transcriptase Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (RT-MLPA). Concernant la presentation clinique, il n’y avait pas de difference statistiquement significative entre les deux groupes. Une morphologie intermediaire (lymphome de Burkitt/LBDGC) et une cytologie immunoblastique etaient plus frequentes dans le groupe MYC+ (respectivement 20/45 cas, 44 % et 17/45, 38 %) que dans le groupe MYC- (8/45 cas, 18 % et 6/45, 13 %) (p

Background: There is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis. Methods: We identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, hadCD4+ cell count and HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4+ cell count and HIV-RNA via inverse probability weighting. Results: Out of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis. Conclusion: With the potential exception of mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common complication of cART initiation in high-income countries. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Resume Introduction. Les lymphomes pleuraux survenant sur sequelles de pneumothorax therapeutique representent une entite anatomoclinique recemment identifiee. Surtout decrits au Japon, les cas occidentaux sont rares ou meconnus. Nous rapportons six observations prises en charge dans une meme institution. Patients et methodes. Six lymphomes pleuraux apres empyeme chronique post-tuberculeux, parmi 1038 lymphomes non hodgkiniens colliges depuis dix ans (0,6 %), ont ete etudies. Le diagnostic etait confirme par deux anatomopathologistes par les techniques histologiques et immunohistochimiques usuelles et etabli selon les criteres de la working formulation. Le virus d'Epstein-Barr a ete recherche par hybridation in situ. Resultats. L'âge moyen des patients est de 73 ans. La presentation clinique associe des signes generaux et des signes pleuraux plus de 45 ans apres le pneumothorax ou la pleuresie tuberculeuse. Le scanner thoracique oriente le diagnostic vers une pathologie tumorale en montrant un processus expansif au contact de la poche de collapsotherapie et envahissant la paroi thoracique. La biopsie chirurgicale par thoracotomie permet d'etablir le diagnostic de lymphome de haut grade de malignite de phenotype B. Bien que le lymphome soit initialement localise, de nombreux facteurs pronostiques defavorables (âge, etat general, taux de LDH, histologie) expliquent l'evolution rapidement pejorative (survie moyenne de cinq mois). Les deces sont rapportes a une progression tumorale incontrolee ou a une infection. Nous retrouvons la presence du virus d'Epstein-Barr dans le tissu tumoral. Conclusion. Le lymphome pleural primitif est une complication maintenant etablie de la collapsotherapie. Si le virus d'Epstein-Barr joue un role central dans la lymphomagenese, la rarete de l'affection, compte tenu du grand nombre de pneumothorax realises, suggere d'autres mecanismes oncogeniques.

BACKGROUNDSubjects without known colorectal adenomas or cancer constitute a large majority of the population where 85% of all cases of colorectal cancer are thought to occur. Consequently these people should be considered for screening to decrease mortality from colorectal cancer in the general population.AIMSTo estimate the incidence rate of rectosigmoid adenomas in these subjects.METHODSSubjects without adenomas or cancer at a previous examination which had visualised the rectosigmoid underwent a fibre endoscopy every three years. Endoscopic data and population characteristics were collected prospectively.RESULTSA total of 450 subjects fulfilled the selection criteria; 287 (64%) underwent at least two examinations, and 163 had three or more. At the second examination, with a mean delay of 39 months, the incidence rate of rectosigmoïd adenomas was 1.50% per patient year. The rate was 1.75% per patient year (95% CI 0.80–3.33) at the third endoscopy with an additional mean delay of 38 months. The cumulative incidence rate at six years was 7.3% (95% CI 4.3–10.3), representing a mean of 1.2% per patient year. This rate increased with age and was higher for men than for women after age adjustment (p< 0.03).CONCLUSIONSThe incidence rates are very low compared with those of patients with prior adenomas. These results should be considered in establishing rectosigmoid adenoma screening strategies.