Effect of minor element addition on the electrical properties of BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−δ

TiO 2 , MgO, Mo, Al 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 3 up to a few percentages in quantity were intentionally added to BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3 − δ . The selected additives do not contribute to any improvement of the sintering behaviour. The lattice parameter of BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3 − δ for the samples containing additives is smaller than for the pure material. The bulk conductivity also falls drastically with metal addition. For instance, the conductivity of the sample containing TiO 2 is 2.5 orders of magnitude lower than the sample without additive. The grain boundary conductivity is also affected by the presence of metal ions.