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1. Maternal Sepsis in Italy: A Prospective, Population-Based Cohort and Nested Case-Control Study

Author: Ornaghi, S, Maraschini, A, Buoncristiano, M, Corsi Decenti, E, Colciago, E, Cetin, I, Donati, S, Ornaghi S., Maraschini A., Buoncristiano M., Corsi Decenti E., Colciago E., Cetin I., Donati S., Ornaghi, S, Maraschini, A, Buoncristiano, M, Corsi Decenti, E, Colciago, E, Cetin, I, Donati, S, Ornaghi S., Maraschini A., Buoncristiano M., Corsi Decenti E., Colciago E., Cetin I., and Donati S.
Abstract: Maternal sepsis represents a leading cause of mortality and severe morbidity worldwide. In Italy, it is the second cause of direct maternal mortality. Delay in recognition and treatment initiation are the drivers of sepsis-associated adverse outcomes. Between November 2017 and October 2019, the Italian Obstetric Surveillance System coordinated a prospective population-based study on maternal sepsis occurring before or after childbirth from 22 weeks’ gestation onward and up to 42 days following the end of pregnancy. A nested 1:2 matched case-control study on postpartum sepsis was also performed. Maternal sepsis was diagnosed for the presence of suspected or confirmed infection alongside signs or symptoms of organ failure. The aim of this study was to assess maternal sepsis incidence and its associated risk factors, management, and perinatal outcomes. Six Italian regions, covering 48.2% of the national births, participated in the project. We identified an incidence rate of 5.5 per 10,000 maternities (95% CI 4.80–6.28). Seventy percent of patients had a low education level and one third were foreigners with a language barrier. Genital, respiratory, and urinary tract infections were the predominant sources of infection; the majority of cases was caused by E. coli and polymicrobial infections. The presence of vascular and indwelling bladder catheters was associated with a nine-fold increased risk of postpartum sepsis. There were no maternal deaths, but one fourth of women experienced a serious adverse event and 28.3% required intensive care; 1.8% of newborns died. Targeted interventions to increase awareness of maternal sepsis and its risk factors and management should be promoted.
Published: 2023

2. Maternal Mortality in 8 European Countries With Enhanced Surveillance Systems: Descriptive Population-based Study

Author: Diguisto, C., primary, Saucedo, M., additional, Kallianidis, A., additional, Bloemenkamp, K., additional, Bødker, B., additional, Buoncristiano, M., additional, Donati, S., additional, Gissler, M., additional, Johansen, M., additional, Knight, M., additional, Korbel, M., additional, Kristufkova, A., additional, Nyflot, L.T., additional, and Deneux-Tharaux, C., additional
Published: 2023
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3. Maternal Sepsis in Italy: A Prospective, Population-Based Cohort and Nested Case-Control Study

Author: Ornaghi S., Maraschini A., Buoncristiano M., Corsi Decenti E., Colciago E., Cetin I., Donati S., Ornaghi, S, Maraschini, A, Buoncristiano, M, Corsi Decenti, E, Colciago, E, Cetin, I, and Donati, S
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Virology, sepsis, infection, organ failure, peripartum, near miss, pregnancy, delivery, sepsi, Microbiology, near mi
Abstract: Maternal sepsis represents a leading cause of mortality and severe morbidity worldwide. In Italy, it is the second cause of direct maternal mortality. Delay in recognition and treatment initiation are the drivers of sepsis-associated adverse outcomes. Between November 2017 and October 2019, the Italian Obstetric Surveillance System coordinated a prospective population-based study on maternal sepsis occurring before or after childbirth from 22 weeks’ gestation onward and up to 42 days following the end of pregnancy. A nested 1:2 matched case-control study on postpartum sepsis was also performed. Maternal sepsis was diagnosed for the presence of suspected or confirmed infection alongside signs or symptoms of organ failure. The aim of this study was to assess maternal sepsis incidence and its associated risk factors, management, and perinatal outcomes. Six Italian regions, covering 48.2% of the national births, participated in the project. We identified an incidence rate of 5.5 per 10,000 maternities (95% CI 4.80–6.28). Seventy percent of patients had a low education level and one third were foreigners with a language barrier. Genital, respiratory, and urinary tract infections were the predominant sources of infection; the majority of cases was caused by E. coli and polymicrobial infections. The presence of vascular and indwelling bladder catheters was associated with a nine-fold increased risk of postpartum sepsis. There were no maternal deaths, but one fourth of women experienced a serious adverse event and 28.3% required intensive care; 1.8% of newborns died. Targeted interventions to increase awareness of maternal sepsis and its risk factors and management should be promoted.
Published: 2022
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4. Severe obesity prevalence in 8- to 9-year-old italian children: a large population-based study

Author: Lombardo, F.L., Spinelli, A., Lazzeri, G., Lamberti, A., Mazzarella, G., Nardone, P., Pilato, V., Buoncristiano, M., and Caroli, M.
Subjects: Childhood obesity -- Statistics, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology), Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little information is available on severe obesity in childhood. This study estimates the prevalence of severe obesity in 8- to 9-year-old children resident in Italy and its association with gender, age, geographical area and parents' nutritional status and education using the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A nationally representative sample of grade 3 Italian students was measured in 2010 (N =42 431) using standardized instruments and methodology. Severe obesity in children was assessed using definitions provided by the WHO and by the IOTF. Prevalence was estimated within categories of sociodemographic variables and their independent effects were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of severe obesity in 2010 was 4.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2-4.7) according to the WHO definition and 2.7% (95% CI: 2.5-2.9) with IOTF cutoffs. These values were slightly lower than those observed in 2008. The prevalence was higher in males, in 8-year-old children and in the South. Parental low education and high body mass index were strongly associated with childhood severe obesity. CONCLUSION: According to the definition used, between 30 000 and 50 000 children aged 8-9 years suffer severe obesity in Italy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 603-608; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.188 ; published online 17 September 2014, INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity, a multifactorial disease, is a global epidemic that poses an important risk to the present and future health of younger generations. It is one of the several [...]
Published: 2015
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5. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Iurilli, M.L.C. Zhou, B. Bennett, J.E. Carrillo-Larco, R.M. Sophiea, M.K. Rodriguez-Martinez, A. Bixby, H. Solomon, B.D. Taddei, C. Danaei, G. Di Cesare, M. Stevens, G.A. Riley, L.M. Savin, S. Cowan, M.J. Bovet, P. Damasceno, A. Chirita-Emandi, A. Hayes, A.J. Ikeda, N. Jackson, R.T. Khang, Y.-H. Laxmaiah, A. Liu, J. Miranda, J.J. Saidi, O. Sebert, S. Sorić, M. Starc, G. Gregg, E.W. Abarca-Gómez, L. Abdeen, Z.A. Abdrakhmanova, S. Ghaffar, S.A. Rahim, H.F.A. Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. Garba, J.A. Acosta-Cazares, B. Adams, R.J. Aekplakorn, W. Afsana, K. Afzal, S. Agdeppa, I.A. Aghazadeh-Attari, J. Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. Agyemang, C. Ahmad, M.H. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadi, N. Ahmed, S.H. Ahrens, W. Aitmurzaeva, G. Ajlouni, K. Al-Hazzaa, H.M. Al-Lahou, B. Al-Raddadi, R. Alarouj, M. AlBuhairan, F. AlDhukair, S. Ali, M.M. Alkandari, A. Alkerwi, A. Allin, K. Alvarez-Pedrerol, M. Aly, E. Amarapurkar, D.N. Amiri, P. Amougou, N. Amouyel, P. Andersen, L.B. Anderssen, S.A. Ängquist, L. Anjana, R.M. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Aounallah-Skhiri, H. Araújo, J. Ariansen, I. Aris, T. Arku, R.E. Arlappa, N. Aryal, K.K. Aspelund, T. Assah, F.K. Assunção, M.C.F. Aung, M.S. Auvinen, J. Mária Avdicová Avi, S. Azevedo, A. Azimi-Nezhad, M. Azizi, F. Azmin, M. Babu, B.V. Bæksgaard Jørgensen, M. Baharudin, A. Bahijri, S. Baker, J.L. Balakrishna, N. Bamoshmoosh, M. Banach, M. Bandosz, P. Banegas, J.R. Baran, J. Barbagallo, C.M. Barceló, A. Barkat, A. Barros, A.J.D. Barros, M.V.G. Basit, A. Bastos, J.L.D. Bata, I. Batieha, A.M. Batista, R.L. Battakova, Z. Batyrbek, A. Baur, L.A. Beaglehole, R. Bel-Serrat, S. Belavendra, A. Romdhane, H.B. Benedics, J. Benet, M. Bergh, I.H. Berkinbayev, S. Bernabe-Ortiz, A. Bernotiene, G. Bettiol, H. Bezerra, J. Bhagyalaxmi, A. Bharadwaj, S. Bhargava, S.K. Bhutta, Z.A. Bi, H. Bi, Y. Bia, D. Lele, E.C.B. Bikbov, M.M. Bista, B. Bjelica, D.J. Bjerregaard, P. Bjertness, E. Bjertness, M.B. Björkelund, C. Bloch, K.V. Blokstra, A. Bo, S. Bobak, M. Boddy, L.M. Boehm, B.O. Boeing, H. Boggia, J.G. Bogova, E. Boissonnet, C.P. Bojesen, S.E. Bonaccio, M. Bongard, V. Bonilla-Vargas, A. Bopp, M. Borghs, H. Braeckevelt, L. Braeckman, L. Bragt, M.C.E. Brajkovich, I. Branca, F. Breckenkamp, J. Breda, J. Brenner, H. Brewster, L.M. Brian, G.R. Brinduse, L. Brophy, S. Bruno, G. Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B. Bugge, A. Buoncristiano, M. Burazeri, G. Burns, C. de León, A.C. Cacciottolo, J. Cai, H. Cama, T. Cameron, C. Camolas, J. Can, G. Candido, A.P.C. Cañete, F. Capanzana, M.V. Capková, N. Capuano, E. Capuano, V. Cardol, M. Cardoso, V.C. Carlsson, A.C. Carmuega, E. Carvalho, J. Casajús, J.A. Casanueva, F.F. Celikcan, E. Censi, L. Cervantes-Loaiza, M. Cesar, J.A. Chamukuttan, S. Chan, A.W. Chan, Q. Chaturvedi, H.K. Chaturvedi, N. Rahim, N.C.A. Chee, M.L. Chen, C.-J. Chen, F. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, Z. Cheng, C.-Y. Cheraghian, B. Chetrit, A. Chikova-Iscener, E. Chiolero, A. Chiou, S.-T. Chirlaque, M.-D. Cho, B. Christensen, K. Christofaro, D.G. Chudek, J. Cifkova, R. Cilia, M. Cinteza, E. Claessens, F. Clarke, J. Clays, E. Cohen, E. Concin, H. Confortin, S.C. Cooper, C. Coppinger, T.C. Corpeleijn, E. Costanzo, S. Cottel, D. Cowell, C. Craig, C.L. Crampin, A.C. Crujeiras, A.B. Csilla, S. Cucu, A.M. Cui, L. Cureau, F.V. Czenczek-Lewandowska, E. D’Arrigo, G. d’Orsi, E. Dacica, L. Dal Re Saavedra, M.A. Dallongeville, J. Damsgaard, C.T. Dankner, R. Dantoft, T.M. Dasgupta, P. Dastgiri, S. Dauchet, L. Davletov, K. De Backer, G. De Bacquer, D. de Gaetano, G. De Henauw, S. de Oliveira, P.D. De Ridder, D. De Ridder, K. de Rooij, S.R. De Smedt, D. Deepa, M. Deev, A.D. DeGennaro, V., Jr Dehghan, A. Delisle, H. Delpeuch, F. Demarest, S. Dennison, E. Dereń, K. Deschamps, V. Dhimal, M. Di Castelnuovo, A.F. Dias-da-Costa, J.S. Díaz-Sánchez, M.E. Diaz, A. Dika, Z. Djalalinia, S. Djordjic, V. Do, H.T.P. Dobson, A.J. Donati, M.B. Donfrancesco, C. Donoso, S.P. Döring, A. Dorobantu, M. Dorosty, A.R. Doua, K. Dragano, N. Drygas, W. Duan, J.L. Duante, C.A. Duboz, P. Duda, R.B. Duleva, V. Dulskiene, V. Dumith, S.C. Dushpanova, A. Dzerve, V. Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. Eddie, R. Eftekhar, E. Egbagbe, E.E. Eggertsen, R. Eghtesad, S. Eiben, G. Ekelund, U. El-Khateeb, M. Ati, J.E. Eldemire-Shearer, D. Eliasen, M. Elliott, P. Engle-Stone, R. Enguerran, M. Erasmus, R.T. Erbel, R. Erem, C. Eriksen, L. Eriksson, J.G. Escobedo-de la Peña, J. Eslami, S. Esmaeili, A. Evans, A. Faeh, D. Fakhretdinova, A.A. Fall, C.H. Faramarzi, E. Farjam, M. Sant’Angelo, V.F. Farzadfar, F. Fattahi, M.R. Fawwad, A. Felix-Redondo, F.J. Ferguson, T.S. Fernandes, R.A. Fernández-Bergés, D. Ferrante, D. Ferrao, T. Ferrari, M. Ferrario, M.M. Ferreccio, C. Ferrer, E. Ferrieres, J. Figueiró, T.H. Fijalkowska, A. Fink, G. Fischer, K. Foo, L.H. Forsner, M. Fouad, H.M. Francis, D.K. Maria do Carmo Franco Frikke-Schmidt, R. Frontera, G. Fuchs, F.D. Fuchs, S.C. Fujiati, I.I. Fujita, Y. Fumihiko, M. Furusawa, T. Gaciong, Z. Gafencu, M. Galbarczyk, A. Galenkamp, H. Galeone, D. Galfo, M. Galvano, F. Gao, J. Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. García-Solano, M. Gareta, D. Garnett, S.P. Gaspoz, J.-M. Gasull, M. Gaya, A.C.A. Gaya, A.R. Gazzinelli, A. Gehring, U. Geiger, H. Geleijnse, J.M. Ghanbari, A. Ghasemi, E. Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. Giampaoli, S. Gianfagna, F. Gill, T.K. Giovannelli, J. Gironella, G. Giwercman, A. Gkiouras, K. Godos, J. Gogen, S. Goldberg, M. Goldsmith, R.A. Goltzman, D. Gómez, S.F. Gomula, A. da Silva, B.G.C. Gonçalves, H. Gonzalez-Chica, D.A. Gonzalez-Gross, M. González-Leon, M. González-Rivas, J.P. González-Villalpando, C. González-Villalpando, M.-E. Gonzalez, A.R. Gottrand, F. Graça, A.P. Graff-Iversen, S. Grafnetter, D. Grajda, A. Grammatikopoulou, M.G. Gregor, R.D. Grodzicki, T. Grøholt, E.K. Grøntved, A. Grosso, G. Gruden, G. Gu, D. Gualdi-Russo, E. Guallar-Castillón, P. Gualtieri, A. Gudmundsson, E.F. Gudnason, V. Guerrero, R. Guessous, I. Guimaraes, A.L. Gulliford, M.C. Gunnlaugsdottir, J. Gunter, M.J. Guo, X.-H. Guo, Y. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Gureje, O. Gurzkowska, B. Gutiérrez-González, E. Gutierrez, L. Gutzwiller, F. Ha, S. Hadaegh, F. Hadjigeorgiou, C.A. Haghshenas, R. Hakimi, H. Halkjær, J. Hambleton, I.R. Hamzeh, B. Hange, D. Hanif, A.A.M. Hantunen, S. Hao, J. Kumar, R.H. Hashemi-Shahri, S.M. Hassapidou, M. Hata, J. Haugsgjerd, T. He, J. He, Y. He, Y. Heidinger-Felso, R. Heinen, M. Hejgaard, T. Hendriks, M.E. dos Santos Henrique, R. Henriques, A. Cadena, L.H. Herrala, S. Herrera, V.M. Herter-Aeberli, I. Heshmat, R. Hill, A.G. Ho, S.Y. Ho, S.C. Hobbs, M. Holdsworth, M. Homayounfar, R. Homs, C. Hopman, W.M. Horimoto, A.R.V.R. Hormiga, C.M. Horta, B.L. Houti, L. Howitt, C. Htay, T.T. Htet, A.S. Htike, M.M.T. Hu, Y. Huerta, J.M. Huhtaniemi, I.T. Huiart, L. Petrescu, C.H. Huisman, M. Husseini, A. Huu, C.N. Huybrechts, I. Hwalla, N. Hyska, J. Iacoviello, L. Ibarluzea, J.M. Ibrahim, M.M. Wong, N.I. Ikram, M.A. Iotova, V. Irazola, V.E. Ishida, T. Islam, M. Islam, S.M.S. Iwasaki, M. Jacobs, J.M. Jaddou, H.Y. Jafar, T. James, K. Jamil, K.M. Jamrozik, K. Janszky, I. Janus, E. Jarani, J. Jarvelin, M.-R. Jasienska, G. Jelakovic, A. Jelakovic, B. Jennings, G. Jha, A.K. Jiang, C.Q. Jimenez, R.O. Jöckel, K.-H. Joffres, M. Johansson, M. Jokelainen, J.J. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Jørgensen, T. Joshi, P. Joukar, F. Jovic, D.P. Jóźwiak, J.J. Juolevi, A. Jurak, G. Simina, I.J. Juresa, V. Kaaks, R. Kaducu, F.O. Kafatos, A. Kajantie, E.O. Kalmatayeva, Z. Kalter-Leibovici, O. Kameli, Y. Kampmann, F.B. Kanala, K.R. Kannan, S. Kapantais, E. Karakosta, A. Kårhus, L.L. Karki, K.B. Katibeh, M. Katz, J. Katzmarzyk, P.T. Kauhanen, J. Kaur, P. Kavousi, M. Kazakbaeva, G.M. Keil, U. Boker, L.K. Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. Kelishadi, R. Kelleher, C. Kemper, H.C.G. Kengne, A.P. Keramati, M. Kerimkulova, A. Kersting, M. Key, T. Khader, Y.S. Khalili, D. Khaw, K.-T. Kheiri, B. Kheradmand, M. Khosravi, A. Khouw, I.M.S.L. Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. Kiechl, S. Killewo, J. Kim, D.W. Kim, H.C. Kim, J. Kindblom, J.M. Klakk, H. Klimek, M. Klimont, J. Klumbiene, J. Knoflach, M. Koirala, B. Kolle, E. Kolsteren, P. König, J. Korpelainen, R. Korrovits, P. Korzycka, M. Kos, J. Koskinen, S. Kouda, K. Kovacs, V.A. Kowlessur, S. Koziel, S. Kratenova, J. Kratzer, W. Kriemler, S. Kristensen, P.L. Krokstad, S. Kromhout, D. Kruger, H.S. Kubinova, R. Kuciene, R. Kujala, U.M. Kujundzic, E. Kulaga, Z. Kumar, R.K. Kunešová, M. Kurjata, P. Kusuma, Y.S. Kuulasmaa, K. Kyobutungi, C. La, Q.N. Laamiri, F.Z. Laatikainen, T. Lachat, C. Laid, Y. Lam, T.H. Lambrinou, C.-P. Landais, E. Lanska, V. Lappas, G. Larijani, B. Latt, T.S. Lauria, L. Lazo-Porras, M. Le Coroller, G. Bao, K.L.N. Le Port, A. Le, T.D. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee, P.H. Lehmann, N. Lehtimäki, T. Lemogoum, D. Levitt, N.S. Li, Y. Liivak, M. Lilly, C.L. Lim, W.-Y. Lima-Costa, M.F. Lin, H.-H. Lin, X. Lin, Y.-T. Lind, L. Linneberg, A. Lissner, L. Litwin, M. Liu, L. Lo, W.-C. Loit, H.-M. Long, K.Q. Lopes, L. Lopes, O. Lopez-Garcia, E. Lopez, T. Lotufo, P.A. Lozano, J.E. Lukrafka, J.L. Luksiene, D. Lundqvist, A. Lundqvist, R. Lunet, N. Lunogelo, C. Lustigová, M. Łuszczki, E. Ma, G. Ma, J. Ma, X. Machado-Coelho, G.L.L. Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. Macieira, L.M. Madar, A.A. Maggi, S. Magliano, D.J. Magnacca, S. Magriplis, E. Mahasampath, G. Maire, B. Majer, M. Makdisse, M. Mäki, P. Malekzadeh, F. Malekzadeh, R. Malhotra, R. Rao, K.M. Malyutina, S.K. Maniego, L.V. Manios, Y. Mann, J.I. Mansour-Ghanaei, F. Manzato, E. Margozzini, P. Markaki, A. Markey, O. Ioannidou, E.M. Marques-Vidal, P. Marques, L.P. Marrugat, J. Martin-Prevel, Y. Martin, R. Martorell, R. Martos, E. Maruszczak, K. Marventano, S. Mascarenhas, L.P. Masoodi, S.R. Mathiesen, E.B. Mathur, P. Matijasevich, A. Matsha, T.E. Mavrogianni, C. Mazur, A. Mbanya, J.C.N. McFarlane, S.R. McGarvey, S.T. McKee, M. McLachlan, S. McLean, R.M. McLean, S.B. McNulty, B.A. Benchekor, S.M. Medzioniene, J. Mehdipour, P. Mehlig, K. Mehrparvar, A.H. Meirhaeghe, A. Meisfjord, J. Meisinger, C. Menezes, A.M.B. Menon, G.R. Mensink, G.B.M. Menzano, M.T. Mereke, A. Meshram, I.I. Metspalu, A. Meyer, H.E. Mi, J. Michaelsen, K.F. Michels, N. Mikkel, K. Milkowska, K. Miller, J.C. Minderico, C.S. Mini, G.K. Miquel, J.F. Mirjalili, M.R. Mirkopoulou, D. Mirrakhimov, E. Mišigoj-Durakovic, M. Mistretta, A. Mocanu, V. Modesti, P.A. Moghaddam, S.S. Mohajer, B. Mohamed, M.K. Mohamed, S.F. Mohammad, K. Mohammadi, Z. Mohammadifard, N. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohan, V. Mohanna, S. Yusoff, M.F.M. Mohebbi, I. Mohebi, F. Moitry, M. Molbo, D. Møllehave, L.T. Møller, N.C. Molnár, D. Momenan, A. Mondo, C.K. Monroy-Valle, M. Monterrubio-Flores, E. Monyeki, K.D.K. Moon, J.S. Moosazadeh, M. Moreira, L.B. Morejon, A. Moreno, L.A. Morgan, K. Morin, S.N. Mortensen, E.L. Moschonis, G. Mossakowska, M. Mostafa, A. Mota-Pinto, A. Mota, J. Motlagh, M.E. Motta, J. Moura-dos-Santos, M.A. Mridha, M.K. Msyamboza, K.P. Mu, T.T. Muc, M. Mugoša, B. Muiesan, M.L. Mukhtorova, P. Müller-Nurasyid, M. Murphy, N. Mursu, J. Murtagh, E.M. Musa, K.I. Milanovic, S.M. Musil, V. Mustafa, N. Nabipour, I. Naderimagham, S. Nagel, G. Naidu, B.M. Najafi, F. Nakamura, H. Námešná, J. Nang, E.E.K. Nangia, V.B. Nankap, M. Narake, S. Nardone, P. Nauck, M. Neal, W.A. Nejatizadeh, A. Nekkantti, C. Nelis, K. Nelis, L. Nenko, I. Neovius, M. Nervi, F. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, N.D. Nguyen, Q.N. Nieto-Martínez, R.E. Nikitin, Y.P. Ning, G. Ninomiya, T. Nishtar, S. Noale, M. Noboa, O.A. Nogueira, H. Norat, T. Nordendahl, M. Nordestgaard, B.G. Noto, D. Nowak-Szczepanska, N. Al Nsour, M. Nuhoglu, I. Nurk, E. O’Neill, T.W. O’Reilly, D. Obreja, G. Ochimana, C. Ochoa-Avilés, A.M. Oda, E. Oh, K. Ohara, K. Ohlsson, C. Ohtsuka, R. Olafsson, O. Olinto, M.T.A. Oliveira, I.O. Omar, M.A. Onat, A. Ong, S.K. Ono, L.M. Ordunez, P. Ornelas, R. Ortiz, A.P. Ortiz, P.J. Osler, M. Osmond, C. Ostojic, S.M. Ostovar, A. Otero, J.A. Overvad, K. Owusu-Dabo, E. Paccaud, F.M. Padez, C. Pagkalos, I. Pahomova, E. de Paiva, K.M. Pajak, A. Palli, D. Palloni, A. Palmieri, L. Pan, W.-H. Panda-Jonas, S. Pandey, A. Panza, F. Papandreou, D. Park, S.-W. Park, S. Parnell, W.R. Parsaeian, M. Pascanu, I.M. Pasquet, P. Patel, N.D. Pecin, I. Pednekar, M.S. Peer, N. Pei, G. Peixoto, S.V. Peltonen, M. Pereira, A.C. Peres, M.A. Pérez-Farinós, N. Pérez, C.M. Peterkova, V. Peters, A. Petersmann, A. Petkeviciene, J. Petrauskiene, A. Pettenuzzo, E. Peykari, N. Pham, S.T. Pichardo, R.N. Pierannunzio, D. Pigeot, I. Pikhart, H. Pilav, A. Pilotto, L. Pistelli, F. Pitakaka, F. Piwonska, A. Pizarro, A.N. Plans-Rubió, P. Poh, B.K. Pohlabeln, H. Pop, R.M. Popovic, S.R. Porta, M. Posch, G. Poudyal, A. Poulimeneas, D. Pouraram, H. Pourfarzi, F. Pourshams, A. Poustchi, H. Pradeepa, R. Price, A.J. Price, J.F. Providencia, R. Puder, J.J. Pudule, I. Puhakka, S.E. Puiu, M. Punab, M. Qasrawi, R.F. Qorbani, M. Bao, T.Q. Radic, I. Radisauskas, R. Rahimikazerooni, S. Rahman, M. Rahman, M. Raitakari, O. Raj, M. Rakhimova, E. Rakhmatulloev, S. Rakovac, I. Rao, S.R. Ramachandran, A. Ramke, J. Ramos, E. Ramos, R. Rampal, L. Rampal, S. Rarra, V. Rascon-Pacheco, R.A. Rasmussen, M. Rech, C.R. Redon, J. Reganit, P.F.M. Regecová, V. Revilla, L. Rezaianzadeh, A. Ribas-Barba, L. Ribeiro, R. Riboli, E. Richter, A. Rigo, F. Rinaldo, N. de Wit, T.F.R. Rito, A. Ritti-Dias, R.M. Rivera, J.A. Robitaille, C. Roccaldo, R. Rodrigues, D. Rodríguez-Artalejo, F. del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M. Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A. Roggenbuck, U. Rojas-Martinez, R. Rojroongwasinkul, N. Romaguera, D. Romeo, E.L. Rosario, R.V. Rosengren, A. Rouse, I. Roy, J.G.R. Rubinstein, A. Rühli, F.J. Ruidavets, J.-B. Ruiz-Betancourt, B.S. Ruiz-Castell, M. Moreno, E.R. Rusakova, I.A. Jonsson, K.R. Russo, P. Rust, P. Rutkowski, M. Sabanayagam, C. Sacchini, E. Sachdev, H.S. Sadjadi, A. Safarpour, A.R. Safiri, S. Saki, N. Salanave, B. Martinez, E.S. Salmerón, D. Salomaa, V. Salonen, J.T. Salvetti, M. Samoutian, M. Sánchez-Abanto, J. Sans, S. Marina, L.S. Santos, D.A. Santos, I.S. Santos, L.C. Santos, M.P. Santos, O. Santos, R. Sanz, S.S. Saramies, J.L. Sardinha, L.B. Sarrafzadegan, N. Sathish, T. Saum, K.-U. Savva, S. Savy, M. Sawada, N. Sbaraini, M. Scazufca, M. Schaan, B.D. Rosario, A.S. Schargrodsky, H. Schienkiewitz, A. Schipf, S. Schmidt, C.O. Schmidt, I.M. Schnohr, P. Schöttker, B. Schramm, S. Schramm, S. Schröder, H. Schultsz, C. Schutte, A.E. Sein, A.A. Selamat, R. Sember, V. Sen, A. Senbanjo, I.O. Sepanlou, S.G. Sequera, V. Serra-Majem, L. Servais, J. Ševcíková, L. Shalnova, S.A. Shamah-Levy, T. Shamshirgaran, M. Shanthirani, C.S. Sharafkhah, M. Sharma, S.K. Shaw, J.E. Shayanrad, A. Shayesteh, A.A. Shengelia, L. Shi, Z. Shibuya, K. Shimizu-Furusawa, H. Shin, D.W. Shirani, M. Shiri, R. Shrestha, N. Si-Ramlee, K. Siani, A. Siantar, R. Sibai, A.M. Silva, A.M. Silva, D.A.S. Simon, M. Simons, J. Simons, L.A. Sjöberg, A. Sjöström, M. Skodje, G. Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. Slusarczyk, P. Smeeth, L. So, H.-K. Soares, F.C. Sobek, G. Sobngwi, E. Sodemann, M. Söderberg, S. Soekatri, M.Y.E. Soemantri, A. Sofat, R. Solfrizzi, V. Somi, M.H. Sonestedt, E. Song, Y. Sørensen, T.I.A. Sørgjerd, E.P. Jérome, C.S. Soto-Rojas, V.E. Soumaré, A. Sovic, S. Sparboe-Nilsen, B. Sparrenberger, K. Spinelli, A. Spiroski, I. Staessen, J.A. Stamm, H. Stathopoulou, M.G. Staub, K. Stavreski, B. Steene-Johannessen, J. Stehle, P. Stein, A.D. Stergiou, G.S. Stessman, J. Stevanovic, R. Stieber, J. Stöckl, D. Stocks, T. Stokwiszewski, J. Stoyanova, E. Stratton, G. Stronks, K. Strufaldi, M.W. Sturua, L. Suárez-Medina, S. Suka, M. Sun, C.-A. Sundström, J. Sung, Y.-T. Sunyer, J. Suriyawongpaisal, P. Swinburn, B.A. Sy, R.G. Syddall, H.E. Sylva, R.C. Szklo, M. Szponar, L. Tai, E.S. Tammesoo, M.-L. Tamosiunas, A. Tan, E.J. Tang, X. Tanrygulyyeva, M. Tanser, F. Tao, Y. Tarawneh, M.R. Tarp, J. Tarqui-Mamani, C.B. Braunerová, R.T. Taylor, A. Taylor, J. Tchibindat, F. Tebar, W.R. Tell, G.S. Tello, T. Tham, Y.C. Thankappan, K.R. Theobald, H. Theodoridis, X. Thijs, L. Thomas, N. Thuesen, B.H. Tichá, L. Timmermans, E.J. Tjonneland, A. Tolonen, H.K. Tolstrup, J.S. Topbas, M. Topór-Madry, R. Torheim, L.E. Tormo, M.J. Tornaritis, M.J. Torrent, M. Torres-Collado, L. Toselli, S. Touloumi, G. Traissac, P. Tran, T.T.-H. Trichopoulos, D. Trichopoulou, A. Trinh, D.T.H. Trivedi, A. Tshepo, L. Tsigga, M. Tsugane, S. Tuliakova, A.M. Tulloch-Reid, M.K. Tullu, F. Tuomainen, T.-P. Tuomilehto, J. Turley, M.L. Twig, G. Tynelius, P. Tzotzas, T. Tzourio, C. Ueda, P. Ugel, E. Ukoli, F.A.M. Ulmer, H. Unal, B. Usupova, Z. Uusitalo, H.M.T. Uysal, N. Vaitkeviciute, J. Valdivia, G. Vale, S. Valvi, D. van Dam, R.M. Van der Heyden, J. van der Schouw, Y.T. Van Herck, K. Van Minh, H. Van Schoor, N.M. van Valkengoed, I.G.M. Vanderschueren, D. Vanuzzo, D. Varbo, A. Varela-Moreiras, G. Varona-Pérez, P. Vasan, S.K. Vega, T. Veidebaum, T. Velasquez-Melendez, G. Velika, B. Veronesi, G. Verschuren, W.M.M. Victora, C.G. Viegi, G. Viet, L. Villalpando, S. Vineis, P. Vioque, J. Virtanen, J.K. Visser, M. Visvikis-Siest, S. Viswanathan, B. Vladulescu, M. Vlasoff, T. Vocanec, D. Vollenweider, P. Völzke, H. Voutilainen, A. Voutilainen, S. Vrijheid, M. Vrijkotte, T.G.M. Wade, A.N. Wagner, A. Waldhör, T. Walton, J. Wambiya, E.O.A. Bebakar, A.M.W. Mohamud, W.N.W. de Souza Wanderley Júnior, R. Wang, M.-D. Wang, N. Wang, Q. Wang, X. Wang, Y.X. Wang, Y.-W. Wannamethee, S.G. Wareham, N. Weber, A. Wedderkopp, N. Weerasekera, D. Weghuber, D. Wei, W. Weres, A. Werner, B. Whincup, P.H. Widhalm, K. Widyahening, I.S. Wiecek, A. Wilks, R.J. Willeit, J. Willeit, P. Williams, J. Wilsgaard, T. Wojtyniak, B. Wong-McClure, R.A. Wong, A. Wong, J.E. Wong, T.Y. Woo, J. Woodward, M. Wu, F.C. Wu, J. Wu, L.J. Wu, S. Xu, H. Xu, L. Yaacob, N.A. Yamborisut, U. Yan, W. Yang, L. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yardim, N. Yaseri, M. Yasuharu, T. Ye, X. Yiallouros, P.K. Yoosefi, M. Yoshihara, A. You, Q.S. You, S.-L. Younger-Coleman, N.O. Yusof, S.M. Yusoff, A.F. Zaccagni, L. Zafiropulos, V. Zainuddin, A.A. Zakavi, S.R. Zamani, F. Zambon, S. Zampelas, A. Zamrazilová, H. Zapata, M.E. Zargar, A.H. Zaw, K.K. Zdrojewski, T. Zejglicova, K. Vrkic, T.Z. Zeng, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, Z.-Y. Zhao, D. Zhao, M.-H. Zhao, W. Zhen, S. Zheng, W. Zheng, Y. Zholdin, B. Zhou, M. Zhu, D. Zins, M. Zitt, E. Zocalo, Y. Cisneros, J.Z. Zuziak, M. Ezzati, M. Filippi, S. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Subjects: nutritional and metabolic diseases, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright.
Published: 2021

6. Promoting health in Italian Schools. Qualitative approach to evaluate community-based interventions

Author: Scardetta, P, primary, Palermo, V, additional, Luzi, I, additional, Nardone, P, additional, Buoncristiano, M, additional, Sipone, S, additional, Dittami, A, additional, and De Mei, B, additional
Published: 2020
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7. [The health determinants in young children: testing a new surveillance system in Italy]

Author: Pizzi, E., Spinelli, A., Battilomo, S., Azzarito, C., Balducci, M. T., Bettinelli, M. E., Campostrini, S., Germinario, C., Mazzarella, Guido, Mignuoli, A. D., Morbidoni, M., Porchia, Stefania, Simeoni, Loris, Speri, Laura, Bucciarelli, M., Buoncristiano, M., Lauria, L., Nardone, P., Privitera, M. G., Brancati, G., Raffa, R., Napoli, T., Cimminelli, L., Vitelli, A., Panico, M., Ragone, G., D'Anna, A., Nardacci, A., Benedetti, E., Ambrogiani, E., Guidi, A., Cimini, D., Marcolini, P., Pasqualini, F., Rossini, Roberta, Zappi, W., Lacaita, G., Valentini, M., Pedote, P. D., Pesare, A., Caputi, G., Gottardello, L., and Campi, Davide
Subjects: Vaccination centres, Childhood, Health determinants, Surveillance system, Italy, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Child Health, Humans, Infant, Settore SECS-S/05 - Statistica Sociale
Abstract: In recent years, the scientific community has stressed the need to invest in the first 1,000 days of life - the time spanning between conception and the 2nd birthday - because it is during this period that the foundations of health are laid and whose effects will be present throughout the life and may influence the next generation. Taking this into account, in 2013 the National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CCM) of the Italian Ministry of Health promoted and financed a project to test a surveillance system of the main determinants of health concerning the child between the conception period and the 2nd years of life which are included in the National Programme "GenitoriPiù": folic acid before and during pregnancy, abstention from tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy and lactation, breastfeeding, infant sleep position, vaccination attitude, and early reading. The Project, started in January 2014 and ended in August 2016, has piloted the design, testing, and evaluation of the surveillance system with the view to national extension and the repeatability over time. The surveillance system has been designed to collect data through a questionnaire compiled by mothers in vaccination centres, in order to produce indicators which will enable territorial and intertemporal comparisons to be made. The project has shown the feasibility of this system, identifying favourable conditions and possible difficulties, and its ability to collect important information on children's health.
Published: 2019

8. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: Ezzati, M, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Bilano, V, Bixby, H, Zhou, B, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Taddei, C, Hajifathalian, K, Lu, Y, Savin, S, Cowan, MJ, Paciore, CJ, Chiritaemandi, A, Hayes, AJ, Katz, J, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Khang, Y-H, Laxmaiah, A, Li, Y, Ma, J, Miranda, JJ, Mostafa, A, Neovius, M, Padez, C, Rampal, L, Zhu, A, Bennet, JE, Danaei, G, Bhutta, ZA, Abarca-Gomez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Hamid, ZA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Acuin, C, Adams, RJ, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemng, C, Ahmadvand, A, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Akhtaeva, N, Al-Hazzaa, HM, Al-Othman, AR, Al-Raddadi, R, AlBuhairan, F, AlDhukai, S, Ali, MM, Ali, O, Alkerwi, A, Alvarez-Pedrerol, M, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, DN, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Andrade, DS, Angquist, LH, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araujo, J, Arianse, I, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Aryal, KK, Aspelund, T, Assah, FK, Assuncao, MCF, Aung, MS, Avdicova, M, Azevedo, A, Azizi, F, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Baker, JL, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Barbagallo, CM, Barcelo, A, Barkat, A, Barros, AJD, Barros, MVG, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Batista, RL, Batyrbek, A, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Ben Romdhane, H, Benedics, J, Benet, M, Bernabe, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, SK, Bhatti, Z, Bi, H, Bi, Y, Biehl, A, Bikbov, M, Bista, B, Bjelica, DJ, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertnes, E, Bjness, MB, Bjorkelund, C, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boddy, LM, Boehm, BO, Boeing, H, Boggia, JG, Boissonnet, CP, Bonaccio, M, Bongard, V, Bovet, P, Braeckevelt, L, Braeckman, L, Bragt, MCE, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Breda, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Brinduse, L, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Bugge, A, Buoncristiano, M, Burazeri, G, Burns, C, Cabrera de Leon, A, Cacciottolo, J, Cai, H, Cama, T, Cameron, C, Camola, J, Can, G, Candido, APCC, Capanzana, M, Capuano, V, Cardoso, VC, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Casas, JP, Caserta, CA, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, AW, Chan, Q, Chaturvedi, HK, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cheng, C-Y, Chetrit, A, Chikova-Iscener, E, Chiolero, A, Chiou, S-T, Chirita-Emandi, A, Chirlaque, M-D, Cho, B, Cho, Y, Christensen, K, Christofaro, DG, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Cinteza, E, Claessens, F, Clays, E, Concin, H, Confortin, SC, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Coppinger, TC, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, CL, Crujeiras, AB, Cucu, A, D'Arrigo, G, d'Orsi, E, Dallongeville, J, Damasceno, A, Damsgaard, CT, Danae, G, Dankner, R, Dantoft, TM, Dastgiri, S, Dauchet, L, Davletov, K, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, De Curtis, A, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, de Oliveira, PD, De Ridder, K, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Deev, AD, Dehghan, A, Delisle, H, Delpeuch, F, Deschamps, V, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Dias-da-Costa, JS, Diaz, A, Dika, Z, Djalalinia, S, Do, HTP, Dobson, AJ, Donati, MB, Donfrancesco, C, Donoso, SP, Doering, A, Dorobantu, M, Dorosty, AR, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Duan, JL, Duante, C, Duleva, V, Dulskiene, V, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, Eiben, G, Ekelund, U, El Ati, J, Elliott, P, Engle-Stone, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Eriksen, L, Eriksson, JG, Escobedo, J, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Fall, CH, Sant'Angelo, VF, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernandes, RA, Fernandez-Berges, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Ferrieres, J, Finn, JD, Fischer, K, Monterubio Flores, E, Foeger, B, Foo, LH, Forslund, A-S, Forsner, M, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, Franco, MDC, Franco, OH, Frontera, G, Fuchs, FD, Fuch, SC, Fujita, Y, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Gafencu, M, Galeone, D, Galvano, F, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Gareta, D, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Geiger, H, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemian, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Gill, TK, Giovannelli, J, Giwerman, A, Godos, J, Gogen, S, Goldsmith, RA, Goltzman, D, Goncalves, H, Gonzalez-Leon, M, Gonzalez-Rivas, JP, Gonzalez-Gross, M, 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Subjects: SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Medicine (all)
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T20:04:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-16 Wellcome Trust AstraZeneca Background Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. Methods We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128.9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31.5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Findings Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0.01 kg/m (2) per decade; 95% credible interval -0.42 to 0.39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease= 0.5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1.00 kg/m(2) per decade (0.69-1.35, PP> 0.9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0.95 kg/m (2) per decade (0.64-1.25, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0.09 kg/m(2) per decade (-0.33 to 0.49, PP= 0.6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0.77 kg/m (2) per decade (0.50-1.06, PP> 0.9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0.7% (0.4-1.2) in 1975 to 5.6% (4.8-6.5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0.9% (0.5-1.3) in 1975 to 7.8% (6.7-9.1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9.2% (6.0-12.9) in 1975 to 8.4% (6.8-10.1) in 2016 in girls and from 14.8% (10.4-19.5) in 1975 to 12.4% (10.3-14.5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22.7% (16.7-29.6) among girls and 30.7% (23.5-38.0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. Interpretation The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. 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Published: 2017

9. Sezione lavoro; sentenza 8 aprile 1977, n. 1340; Pres. Iannitti Piromallo, Est. Laudato, P. M. Antoci (concl. diff.); I.n.p.s. (Avv. Giorgi, Romoli, Traverso) c. Provincia di Venezia; Provincia di Venezia (Avv. Chinaglia, Levis) c. I.n.p.s. Cassa App. Venezia 9 novembre 1973

Author: Buoncristiano, M.
Published: 1977

10. Sezione lavoro; sentenza 18 marzo 1977, n. 1080; Pres. Renda, Est. Franceschelli, P. M. Leo (concl. conf.); Soc. Vergine Memmo & C. (Avv. C. D'Amelio, Caprioli) c. Tondo (Avv. Nanna). Conferma App. Lecce 21 giugno 1974

Author: Buoncristiano, M.
Published: 1977

11. Sezione II civile; sentenza 14 febbraio 1977, n. 673; Pres. A. Ferrati, Est. De Rubertis, P. M. Pedace (concl. conf.); Ferrari (Avv. Ongaro, Pea, Carlet) c. Soc. F.A.P. autoservizi (Avv. Bellardoni, Bardella). Istanza di regolamento avverso Pret. San Donà di Piave 12 febbraio 1976

Author: Buoncristiano, M.
Published: 1977

12. Sezione lavoro; sentenza 13 maggio 1982, n. 2994; Pres. Dondona, Est. Nocella, P.M. Morozzo Della Rocca (concl. conf.); Soc. S.i.t.e. (Avv. Pane, Riccobone) c. Minotto e Battistello. Cassa Trib. Padova 26 giugno 1976

Author: Buoncristiano, M.
Published: 1982

13. Sezione lavoro; sentenza 19 giugno 1982, n. 3773; Pres. Santulli, Est. Nocella, P. M. Martinelli (concl. conf.); De Pascale (Avv. Bove) c. Banco di Napoli (Avv. Rizzo). Conferma Trib. Napoli 25 febbraio 1978

Author: Buoncristiano, M.
Published: 1983

14. Sezione lavoro; sentenza 28 marzo 1984, n. 2052; Pres. Pennacchia, Est. Nocella, P. M. Dettori (concl. parz. diff.); E.n.el. (Avv. Scognamiglio) c. Strazzulla e altri (Avv. Turco); Immè e altri (Avv. Tribulato) c. E.n.el. e altri; Strazzulla c. E.n.el. e altri; Ferro (Avv. Antonucci, Di Giovanni, Ventura) c. E.n.el. e altri. Cassa Trib. Palermo 28 marzo 1981

Author: Buoncristiano, M.
Published: 1984

15. La percezione delle mamme sullo stato ponderale e sugli stili di vita dei propri bambini [Maternal perception of their children's weight and lifestyles]

Author: Spinelli, A., Nardone, P., Buoncristiano, M., Lauria, L., Bucciarelli, M., Andreozzi, S., Pediconi, M., Timperi, F., Pizzi, E., Galeone, D., Menzano, M., Vienna, A., Censi, L., Di Giacomo, M., Colleluori, C., Ranalli, E., Ammirati, G., Mininni, M., Sorrentino, G., Azzarito, C., Faillace, F., La Rocca, M., Mazzarella, G., Pizzuti, R., Angelini, P., Fridel, M., Carletti, C., Pani, P., Ronfani, L., Zanier, L., Amadei, P., Cairella, G., Pascali, F., Schiaffino, S., Cereda, D., Pirrone, L., De Introna, S., Giostra, G., Di Nucci, C., Manfredi Selvaggi, T., Valentini, O., Caputo, M., Ferrari, P., Balducci, M., Rosa, G., Stingi, G., Meloni, S., Senis, M., Tanchis, P., Cernigliaro, A., Ferro, M., Scondotto, S., Giacchi, M., Lazzeri, G., Simi, R., Cristofori, M., Giaimo, M., Prandini, S., Covarino, A., D'Alessandro, G., Galesso, R., Michieletto, F., Fanolla, A., Lucchin, L., Weiss, S., Migazzi, M., Grazia, M., Caroli, M., Cattaneo, C., De Mei, B., Perri, G., Silvestri, A., Spizzichino, L., Miletto, N., Faragli, G., Vignoli, M., and Piovani, G.
Published: 2016

16. OKkio alla SALUTE 2014: hours of sleep in Italian 8-9-year-old children [Okkio alla salute 2014: Hours of sleep in 8-9-year-old children in Italy]

Author: Lauria, L, Pizzi, E, Nardone, P, Buoncristiano, M, Bucciarelli, M, Galeone, D, Spinelli, A, Andreozzi, S, Pediconi, M, Timperi, F, Menzano, M, Vienna, A, Censi, L, Di Giacomo, M, Colleluori, C, Ranalli, E, Ammirati, G, Mininni, M, Sorrentino, G, Azzarito, C, Faillace, F, La Rocca, M, Mazzarella, G, Pizzuti, R, Angelini, P, Fridel, M, Carletti, C, Pani, P, Ronfani, L, Zanier, L, Amadei, P, Cairella, G, Pascali, F, Schiaffino, S, Cereda, D, Pirrone, L, De Introna, S, Giostra, G, Di Nucci, C, Manfredi Selvaggi, T, Valentini, O, Caputo, M, Ferrari, P, Balducci, M, Rosa, G, Stingi, G, Meloni, S, Senis, M, Tanchis, P, Cernigliaro, A, Ferro, M, Scondotto, S, Giacchi, M, Lazzeri, Giacomo, Simi, Rita, Cristofori, M, Giaimo, M, Prandini, S, Covarino, A, D'Alessandro, G, Galesso, R, Michieletto, F, Fanolla, A, Lucchin, L, Weiss, S, Migazzi, M, Grazia, M, Caroli, M, Cattaneo, C, De Mei, B, Perri, G, Silvestri, A, Spizzichino, L, Miletto, N, Faragli, G, Vignoli, M, and Piovani, G.
Published: 2016

17. Dietary behaviour of children attending primary school in Italy found by the surveillance system 'OKkio alla salute'

Author: Nardone, P, Lauria, L, Buoncristiano, M, Pizzi, E, Galeone, D, Spinelli, A, Gruppo OKkio alla SALUTE 2008/9-2014, and Lazzeri, G
Subjects: Adult, Parents, vegetables, Schools, school, breakfast, Feeding Behavior, Health Promotion, fruit, Beverages, Italy, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, sweetened beverages, Humans, breakfast, fruit, vegetables, sweetened beverages, school, Child, Students
Abstract: to describe the dietary behaviour of children attending primary school and the school activities which promote healthy dietary habits.surveillance system with biannual prevalence studies.the fourth round of data collection of the surveillance system OKkio alla SALUTE took place in 2014, promoted and financed by the Ministry of Health and coordinated by the National Institute of Health in collaborations with all regions. 2,408 schools, 48,426 children and 50,638 parents participated. Stratified cluster sampling (with third grade classes as units) was used; information was collected using questionnaires completed by children, parents, teachers and head-teachers.consumption of breakfast, mid-morning snack, fruit and vegetables, sweetened and gassy drinks; school initiatives to promote healthy dietary habits.31% of children have an adequate breakfast and 8% skip this meal; 52% consume an energy-dense mid-morning snack; 25% do not eat fruit and vegetables daily; 41% drink sweetened/gassy beverages daily. The unhealthy dietary habits are more common among children who have less educated parents or live in the South (more deprived area of the Country). Data show an improvement in the period 2008-2014, except in the consumption of fruit and vegetables. 74% of the schools include nutritional education in the curriculum, 66% have started initiatives of healthy dietary habits and 55% distribute healthy food; 35% involve parents in their initiatives. In the schools of the South nutritional education and involvement of parents are more frequent, while the distribution of healthy food and refectories are less common.the high frequency of unhealthy dietary behaviour and their geographic and social inequalities show that there is a great potential for improvement. Schools are very involved in initiatives of promotion, but they need more support from the institutions and involvement of the families.
Published: 2015

18. Le abitudini alimentari scorrette nei bambini di 8-9 anni in Italia sono ancora diffuse [Unhealthy eating habits among children aged 8-9 are still common in Italy]

Author: Lauria, L, Spinelli, A, Nardone, P, Buoncristiano, M, Bucciarelli, M, Galeone, D, Gruppo OKkio alla salute, and Lazzeri, G
Published: 2015

19. Does the environment around Italian schools promote healthy choices for children? Let's give the floor to headteachers | [L'ambiente intorno alle scuole Italiane favorisce scelte salutari per i bambini? La parola al dirigenti scolastici]

Author: Lauria, L, Spinelli, A, Nardone, P, Pizzi, E, Buoncristiano, M, Bucciarelli, M, Galeone, D, Gruppo OKkio alla SALUTE 2014, and Lazzeri, G
Published: 2015

20. Dietary habits among children aged 8-9 years in Italy

Author: Lauria, L, Spinelli, A, Cairella, G, Censi, L, Nardone, P, Buoncristiano, M, 2012 Grp Okkio SALUTE, Lazzeri, G, and Simi, R
Subjects: Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Public Health, Feeding Behavior
Abstract: To describe dietary habits and related geographic and socio-demographic characteristics among children aged 8-9 years in Italy.Data from the 2012 national nutritional surveillance system collected from children, parents and teachers, have been linked to determine the children's eating habits. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between incorrect dietary habits and their potential predictors.Of the 46 307 children, 8.6% skipped breakfast, 48.8% did not eat vegetables and 28.7% did not eat fruit daily, 64.8% ate an abundant mid-morning snack, 41.4% drank sugary beverages and 12.5% drank carbonated beverages at least once a day. Three or more incorrect habits were found in 43.9% of the children. Incorrect dietary habits were more common among children with lower socio-economic conditions, who were resident in the South of the country and who spent more time watching TV.In Italy, unhealthy dietary habits are common among children. The deficiencies identified may well be a harbinger of future public health problems.
Published: 2015

21. In Italy the prevalence of sedentary habits among children is decreasing

Author: Buoncristiano, M., Nardone, P., Lauria, L., Spinelli, A., Bucciarelli, M., Galeone, D., Gruppo OKkio alla salute, and Lazzeri, G.
Subjects: Male, Italy, Video Games, Child Behavior, Humans, Female, Television, Sedentary Behavior, Child, Sports
Published: 2015

22. 920 CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES DURING LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY WITH PNEUOPERITONEUM OR ISOBARIC TECHNIQUE: OUTCOME OF RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Author: Pietrantuono, F., primary, Gregori, A., additional, Romanò, A.L., additional, Salvaggio, A., additional, Granata, A., additional, Incarbone, G.P., additional, Buoncristiano, M., additional, Gaboardi, F., additional, Scieri, F., additional, and Colombo, R., additional
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Life skills training to promote health and well-being at school: an evaluation.

Author: Cattaneo, C., Giovannelli, I., De Nigris, N., Russo, E., Buoncristiano, M., Rosa, B., Ripoli, G., Parenti, I., and Indorato, E.
Subjects: WELL-being, SCHOOL health services, PSYCHOLOGY of teachers, CONFERENCES & conventions, SELF-efficacy, JOB satisfaction, INTERPERSONAL relations, HEALTH promotion
Abstract: Background: In educational settings, health promotion refers to a wholeschool approach to help individuals realize their potential, cope with the everyday stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and contribute to their community. In these regards, it is essential to enhance a vast repertoire of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, a narrower set of psychosocial skills (Life Skills - LS). The Local Health Unit of Palermo, the Centre of Training and the National Institute of Health (ISS) developed the project ‘‘Life Skills and resilience: effective strategies to promote health at school’’. Objectives: The project’s general aim was to provide headteachers and teachers with methodologies and tools to develop and promote LS in educational settings. Through the participatory approach, training was structured in 5 modules of 16 hours each. The training activities began in October 2019 and ended online due to the Covid-19 emergency in July 2020. The evaluation plan provides the assessment of learning, satisfaction, monitoring and assessment of attitudes and behaviours using a validated questionnaire. The aim was to identify improvements in relationships inside and outside the school context and increase self-efficacy and job satisfaction among teachers. Data analysis is currently being processed. Results: 169 Teachers, 12 Healthcare workers attended the training. The preliminary results show that: i. there is an improvement in relationships between colleagues, students and parents; ii. there is a slight improvement in the perceived self-efficacy in managing negative emotions; iii. there is an improvement in the personal and collective effectiveness perceived in the school environment and job satisfaction. Conclusions: The project was designed for implementing sustainable interventions. The advent of COVID-19 has allowed further reflection on the usefulness of this approach for promoting resilience and protective factors and managing the consequences of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021

24. Web content and social media analysis on children’s lifestyles even during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Author: Nardone, P., Sampaolo, L., Cattaneo, C., Buoncristiano, M., Carletti, C. V., Pani, P., and Menzano, M. T.
Subjects: LIFESTYLES, SOCIAL media, CONFERENCES & conventions, WORLD Wide Web, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract: Background: One of the main aims of the project ‘Peer education as a tool to reach and involve families and schools in the promotion of healthy lifestyles of children’ - funded by the Italian Ministry of Health - is the web & social media (SM) content analysis relating to children’s eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. By discovering which influencers deal with health topics, when, how, and through which channels they do it, countermeasures can be planned, if needed, foreseeing better users’ health literacy. This ‘web and social listening’ and its analysis are even more relevant now at the pandemic, as the parents’ use of the web and SM has increased. Methods: Four areas of interest were selected: nutrition, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and overweight. For each, keywords were defined to search for relevant content (mention). The data were collected between May and December 2020. Results: The mentions collected were 38.146. Of these, 29.666 were used to contruct the panel of 3.100 citations subjected to qualitative analysis. The main Preliminary Results: - Source type: social media 48%, web 52%. 45% of SM content were from Twitter, Instagram (40%), Facebook (14%) and YouTube (0.3%). Facebook accounts had the largest audience – Audience profile: 62% women and 38% men; 51% of these were 45-54 and 30% 35-44 years old – The most relevant words were: physical activity, children, children’s snack, correct nutrition – References to the topic ‘COVID-19’ in the mentions collected concerned 14% of the analysed content – The main organisations, by volume of citations, were: World Health Organisation (12%); National Institute of Health (6%); Italian Food Union (6%); Istat (5.5%); Doxa (5%); OKkio alla Salute (5%); Ministry of Health (4%); Coldiretti (4%); UNICEF (3%). Conclusions: The results will contribute to producing indications for health promotion and increasing Internet users’ health literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Overweight and obesity among children. 1 out of 4 is overweight, 1 out of 9 is obese,Eccesso ponderale nei bambini. 1 su 4 è in sovrappeso, 1 su 9 obeso

Author: Spinelli, A., Lamberti, A., Buoncristiano, M., Nardone, P., and Giovanni Baglio

26. [Dietary behaviour of children attending primary school in Italy found by the surveillance system 'OKkio alla salute']

Author: Nardone P, Lauria L, Buoncristiano M, Pizzi E, Galeone D, Spinelli A, and Salute, Gruppo Okkio Alla -.

27. [Unhealthy eating habits among children aged 8-9 are still common in Italy]

Author: Lauria L, Spinelli A, Nardone P, Buoncristiano M, Bucciarelli M, Galeone D, and Gruppo OKkio alla salute

28. Exploratory computing: What is there for the database researcher?

Author: Buoncristiano, M., Mecca, G., ELISA QUINTARELLI, Roveri, M., Santoro, D., and Tanca, L.

29. [In Italy the prevalence of sedentary habits among children is decreasing]

Author: Buoncristiano M, Nardone P, Lauria L, Spinelli A, Bucciarelli M, Galeone D, and Gruppo OKkio alla salute

30. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author: Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, 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Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Baharudin A, Bahijri S, Baker JL, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Baran J, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Barkat A, Barros AJ, Barros MVG, Basit A, Bastos JLD, Bata I, Batieha AM, Batista RL, Battakova Z, Batyrbek A, Baur LA, Beaglehole R, Bel-Serrat S, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benedics J, Benet M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Bernotiene G, Bettiol H, Bezerra J, Bhagyalaxmi A, Bharadwaj S, Bhargava SK, Bi H, Bi Y, Bia D, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjelica DJ, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boddy LM, Boehm BO, Boeing H, Boggia JG, Bogova E, Boissonnet CP, Bojesen SE, Bonaccio M, Bongard V, Bonilla-Vargas A, Bopp M, Borghs H, Bovet P, Braeckevelt L, Braeckman L, Bragt MC, Brajkovich I, Branca F, Breckenkamp J, Breda J, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Brinduse L, Brophy S, Bruno G, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Bugge A, Buoncristiano M, Burazeri G, Burns C, Cabrera de León A, Cacciottolo J, Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Capková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Che Abdul Rahim N, Chen C-J, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C-Y, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou S-T, Chirlaque M-D, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro V, Jr, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deren K, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HT, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea O-F, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando M-E, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, Grøntved A, Grosso G, Gruden G, Gu D, Gualdi-Russo E, Guallar-Castillón P, Gualtieri A, Gudmundsson EF, Gudnason V, Guerrero R, Guessous I, Guimaraes AL, Gulliford MC, Gunnlaugsdottir J, Gunter MJ, Guo X-H, Guo Y, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gureje O, Gurzkowska B, Gutiérrez-González E, Gutierrez L, Gutzwiller F, Ha S, Hadaegh F, Hadjigeorgiou CA, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Halkjær J, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hange D, Hanif AA, Hantunen S, Hari Kumar R, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hassapidou M, Hata J, Haugsgjerd T, Hayes AJ, He J, He Y, He Y, Heidinger-Felso R, Heinen M, Hejgaard T, Hendriks ME, Henrique RDS, Henriques A, Hernandez Cadena L, Herrala S, Herrera VM, Herter-Aeberli I, Heshmat R, Hill AG, Ho SY, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hofman A, Holden Bergh I, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Homs C, Hopman WM, Horimoto AR, Hormiga CM, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Hu Y, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huidumac Petrescu C, Husseini A, Huu CN, Huybrechts I, Hwalla N, Hyska J, Iacoviello L, Ibarluzea JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin M-R, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel K-H, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HC, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw K-T, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IM, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs VA, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Krtalic B, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou C-P, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Lauria L, Lazo-Porras M, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim W-Y, Lima-Costa MF, Lin H-H, Lin X, Lin Y-T, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Liu L, Lo W-C, Loit H-M, Long KQ, Lopes L, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Lunogelo C, Lustigová M, Luszczki E, Ma G, Ma J, Ma X, Machado-Coelho GL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magnacca S, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Mäki P, Malekzadeh F, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markaki A, Markey O, Markidou Ioannidou E, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Marventano S, Mascarenhas LP, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GB, Menzano MT, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Milkowska K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Mirjalili MR, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monroy-Valle M, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moosazadeh M, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota-Pinto A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Mridha MK, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Music Milanovic S, Musil V, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nelis K, Nelis L, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen D, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nikitin YP, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Nogueira H, Norat T, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nuhoglu I, Nurk E, O'Neill TW, O'Reilly D, Obreja G, Ochimana C, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohlsson C, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, Paiva KMD, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan W-H, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park S-W, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, Pérez-Farinós N, Pérez CM, Peterkova V, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Pettenuzzo E, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Porta M, Posch G, Poudyal A, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahimikazerooni S, Rahman M, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rakhimova E, Rakhmatulloev S, Rakovac I, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rarra V, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Rech CR, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Rezaianzadeh A, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Richter A, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Roccaldo R, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Roggenbuck U, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Romeo EL, Rosario RV, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JG, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Ruiz Moreno E, Rusakova IA, Russell Jonsson K, 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Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Skodje G, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, So H-K, Soares FC, Sobek G, Sobngwi E, Sodemann M, Söderberg S, Soekatri MY, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørgjerd EP, Sossa Jérome C, Soto-Rojas VE, Soumaré A, Sovic S, Sparboe-Nilsen B, Sparrenberger K, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stevanovic R, Stieber J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stoyanova E, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Suka M, Sun C-A, Sundström J, Sung Y-T, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Syddall HE, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Szponar L, Tai ES, Tammesoo M-L, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Taylor J, 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Vladulescu M, Vlasoff T, Vocanec D, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TG, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wambiya EO, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley Júnior RDS, Wang M-D, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Wedderkopp N, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Weres A, Werner B, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Williams J, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong-McClure RA, Wong A, Wong JE, Wong TY, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu LJ, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Yasuharu T, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusof SM, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zakavi SR, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zargar AH, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z-Y, Zhao D, Zhao M-H, Zhao W, Zhen S, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zocalo Y, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Zuziak M, Ezzati M, Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Eye Centre, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Global Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, Public and occupational health, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Adult Psychiatry, Global Health, APH - Methodology, APH - Quality of Care, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Rodriguez-Martinez A., Zhou B., Sophiea M.K., Bentham J., Paciorek C.J., Iurilli M.L., Carrillo-Larco R.M., Bennett J.E., Di Cesare M., Taddei C., Bixby H., Stevens G.A., Riley L.M., Cowan M.J., Savin S., Danaei G., Chirita-Emandi A., Kengne A.P., Khang Y.-H., Laxmaiah A., Malekzadeh R., Miranda J.J., Moon J.S., Popovic S.R., Sorensen T.I., Soric M., Starc G., Zainuddin A.A., Gregg 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Subjects: Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed
Published: 2020

31. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author: Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V. G., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Biehl, Anna, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bopp, Matthias, Borchini, Rossana, Borghs, Herman, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gamze, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheng, Yiling J., Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., Cucu, Alexandra, Cui, Liufu, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duda, Rosemary B., Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad R., Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Flores, Eric Monterubio, Foeger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera-Juan, Guillem, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galeone, Daniela, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Guo, Xiuhua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jaaskelainen, Tuija, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-Lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jovic, Dragana P., Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kameli, Yves, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Keinan-Boker, Lital, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han C. G., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl, Stefan, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Koenig, Jurgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A., Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. 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H, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract: Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.
Published: 2019

32. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults

Author: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z.A., Hamid, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R.J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N., Al-Hazzaa, H.M., Al-Othman, A.R., Al-Raddadi, R., Al Buhairan, F., Al Dhukair, S., Ali, M.M., Ali, O., Alkerwi, A., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Aly, E., Amarapurkar, D.N., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Andrade, D.S., Ängquist, L.H., Anjana, R.M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Araújo, J., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Aryal, K.K., Aspelund, T., Assah, F.K., Assunção, MCF, Aung, M.S., Avdicová, M., Azevedo, A., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Baker, J.L., Balakrishna, N., Bamoshmoosh, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, A.J., Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batista, R.L., Batyrbek, A., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., 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Zheng, W., Zheng, Y., Zholdin, B., Zhou, M., Zhu, D., Zhussupov, B., Zimmermann, E., Cisneros, J.Z., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Bilano, V., Bixby, H., Zhou, B., Stevens, G.A., Riley, L.M., Taddei, C., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Savin, S., Cowan, M.J., Paciorek, C.J., Zhu, A., and Ezzati, M.
Abstract: Underweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults. We pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity). Regional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m2 per decade; 95% credible interval -0·42 to 0·39, posterior probability [PP] of the observed decrease being a true decrease=0·5098) in eastern Europe to an increase of 1·00 kg/m2 per decade (0·69-1·35, PP>0·9999) in central Latin America and an increase of 0·95 kg/m2 per decade (0·64-1·25, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. The range for boys was from a non-significant increase of 0·09 kg/m2 per decade (-0·33 to 0·49, PP=0·6926) in eastern Europe to an increase of 0·77 kg/m2 per decade (0·50-1·06, PP>0·9999) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Trends in mean BMI have recently flattened in northwestern Europe and the high-income English-speaking and Asia-Pacific regions for both sexes, southwestern Europe for boys, and central and Andean Latin America for girls. By contrast, the rise in BMI has accelerated in east and south Asia for both sexes, and southeast Asia for boys. Global age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% (0·4-1·2) in 1975 to 5·6% (4·8-6·5) in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% (0·5-1·3) in 1975 to 7·8% (6·7-9·1) in 2016 in boys; the prevalence of moderate and severe underweight decreased from 9·2% (6·0-12·9) in 1975 to 8·4% (6·8-10·1) in 2016 in girls and from 14·8% (10·4-19·5) in 1975 to 12·4% (10·3-14·5) in 2016 in boys. Prevalence of moderate and severe underweight was highest in India, at 22·7% (16·7-29·6) among girls and 30·7% (23·5-38·0) among boys. Prevalence of obesity was more than 30% in girls in Nauru, the Cook Islands, and Palau; and boys in the Cook Islands, Nauru, Palau, Niue, and American Samoa in 2016. Prevalence of obesity was about 20% or more in several countries in Polynesia and Micronesia, the Middle East and north Africa, the Caribbean, and the USA. In 2016, 75 (44-117) million girls and 117 (70-178) million boys worldwide were moderately or severely underweight. In the same year, 50 (24-89) million girls and 74 (39-125) million boys worldwide were obese. The rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults. Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
Published: 2017

33. Concise and expressive mappings with +Spicy

Author: Giansalvatore Mecca, Paolo Papotti, Salvatore Raunich, Marcello Buoncristiano, Mecca, G, Papotti, Paolo, Raunich, S, and Buoncristiano, M.
Subjects: Set (abstract data type), XQuery, SQL, Theoretical computer science, Programming language, Computer science, Core (graph theory), General Engineering, Rewriting, computer.software_genre, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract: We introduce the +Spicy mapping system. The system is based on a number of novel algorithms that contribute to increase the quality and expressiveness of mappings. +Spicy integrates the computation of core solutions in the mapping generation process in a highly efficient way, based on a natural rewriting of the given mappings. This allows for an efficient implementation of core computations using common runtime languages like SQL or XQuery and guarantees very good performances, orders of magnitude better than those of previous algorithms. The rewriting algorithm can be applied both to mappings generated by the system, or to pre-defined mappings provided as part of the input. To do this, the system was enriched with a set of expressive primitives, so that +Spicy is the first mapping system that brings together a sophisticate and expressive mapping generation algorithm with an efficient strategy to compute core solutions.
Published: 2009

34. Trend in Breakfast Consumption among Primary School Children in Italy.

Author: Ciardullo S, Salvatore MA, Mandolini D, Spinelli A, Bucciarelli M, Andreozzi S, Buoncristiano M, and Nardone P
Subjects: Female, Humans, Child, Breakfast, Feeding Behavior, Italy epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control
Abstract: Eating breakfast daily improves cognitive function, may contribute to learning and academic performance in children and can decrease the risk of childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to analyse how breakfast consumption changed in the period from 2008/9 to 2019 in Italy among children aged 8-9 years old participating in the OKkio alla SALUTE surveys and to explore the associations with some socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Information about children's daily breakfast consumption (adequate, inadequate, and no breakfast) and the socio-demographic characteristics of the children and their mothers was collected through four questionnaires addressed to parents, children, teachers and head teachers. Data were analysed for the 272,781 children from 21 Italian regions from 2008/9 to 2019. The prevalence of adequate breakfast decreased from 60.7% in 2008/9 to 55.7% in 2019 and no breakfast from 10.9 to 8.7%; conversely, inadequate breakfast increased from 28.4 to 35.6%. Logistic regression models showed that the occurrence of inadequate or no breakfast consumption was significantly higher among girls, children living in the southern regions and children with less educated mothers. These findings highlight the need for effective interventions to increase daily breakfast consumption and its adequacy among children.
Published: 2023
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35. Exploring changes in children's well-being due to COVID-19 restrictions: the Italian EpaS-ISS study.

Author: Giustini M, Luzi I, Spinelli A, Andreozzi S, Bucciarelli M, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P, and Ciardullo S
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Child, Female, Child, Preschool, Aged, Pandemics, Disease Outbreaks, Educational Status, Italy epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract: Background: While existing research has explored changes in health behaviours among adults and adolescents due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact of quarantine on young children's well-being is still less clear. Moreover, most of the published studies were carried out on small and non-representative samples. The aim of the EpaS-ISS study was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the habits and behaviours of a representative sample of school children aged mainly 8-9 years and their families living in Italy, exploring the changes in children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the immediately preceding time period., Methods: Data were collected using a web questionnaire. The target population was parents of children attending third-grade primary schools and living in Italy. A cluster sample design was adopted. A Well-Being Score (WBS) was calculated by summing the scores from 10 items concerning the children's well-being. Associations between WBS and socio-demographic variables and other variables were analysed., Results: A total of 4863 families participated. The children's WBS decreased during COVID-19 (median value from 31 to 25; p = 0.000). The most statistically significant variables related to a worsening children's WBS were: time of school closure, female gender, living in a house with only a small and unliveable outdoor area, high parents' educational level and worsening financial situation., Conclusions: According to parents ' perception, changes in daily routine during COVID-19 negatively affected children's well-being. This study has identified some personal and contextual variables associated with the worsening of children's WBS, which should be considered in case of similar events., (© 2023. Società Italiana di Pediatria.)
Published: 2023
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36. Changes in Food Consumption and Eating Behaviours of Children and Their Families Living in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The EPaS-ISS Study.

Author: Nardone P, Spinelli A, Buoncristiano M, Andreozzi S, Bucciarelli M, Giustini M, Ciardullo S, and On Behalf Of The EPaS-Iss Group
Subjects: Female, Child, Humans, Male, Feeding Behavior, Parents, Fruit, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemics, COVID-19 epidemiology
Abstract: The aim of the EPaS-ISS study was to describe the changes in food consumption and eating behaviours of children (mainly aged 8-9 years) and their families between the pre-COVID-19 period (before February/March 2020) and the COVID-19 period (from February/March 2020 to April 2022). A web questionnaire completed by parents was used to collect data. The sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their parents were also explored through the web questionnaire. Seventeen regions out of nineteen and the two autonomous provinces (PA) of Italy participated in the study. The survey was completed for 4863 children (47.9% females). The study showed that only small changes in children's food consumption happened between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-19 period; in particular, about 25% of parents reported an increase in savoury snacks and sweet food. A decrease in fruit and vegetable (about 8%) and fish (14%) consumption was also found. However, the changes seem to have mainly affected children from most disadvantaged families. The results also indicate positive changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in some families' eating behaviours, such as eating more home-cooked meals (42%) and family meals (39%), as well as cooking more with children (42%).
Published: 2023
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37. Uptake and Adherence to National Guidelines on Postpartum Haemorrhage in Italy: The MOVIE before-after Observational Study.

Author: Donati S, Buoncristiano M, D'Aloja P, Maraschini A, Corsi Decenti E, Lega I, and The ItOSS Movie Working Group
Subjects: Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Biological Transport, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy epidemiology, Postpartum Hemorrhage epidemiology, Postpartum Hemorrhage therapy
Abstract: Translating evidence-based guidelines into clinical practice is a complex challenge. This observational study aimed to assess the adherence to the Italian national guidelines on postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and describe the clinical management of haemorrhagic events in a selection of maternity units (MUs) in six Italian regions, between January 2019 and October 2020. A twofold study design was adopted: (i) a before-after observational study was used to assess the adherence to national clinical and organisational key recommendations on PPH management, and (ii) a cross-sectional study enrolling prospectively 1100 women with PPH ≥ 1000 mL was used to verify the results of the before-after study. The post-test detected an improved adherence to 16/17 key recommendations of the guidelines, with clinical governance and communication with family members emerging as critical areas. Overall, PPH management emerged as appropriate except for three recommended procedures that emphasise different results between the practices adopted and the difference between what is considered acquired and what is actually practised in daily care. The methodology adopted by the MOVIE project and the adopted training materials and tools have proved effective in improving adherence to the recommended procedures for appropriate PPH management and could be adopted in similar care settings in order to move evidence into practice.
Published: 2023
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38. Maternal mortality in eight European countries with enhanced surveillance systems: descriptive population based study.

Author: Diguisto C, Saucedo M, Kallianidis A, Bloemenkamp K, Bødker B, Buoncristiano M, Donati S, Gissler M, Johansen M, Knight M, Korbel M, Kristufkova A, Nyflot LT, and Deneux-Tharaux C
Subjects: Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Maternal Mortality, Europe epidemiology, Maternal Death, Cardiovascular Diseases, Suicide
Abstract: Objective: To compare maternal mortality in eight countries with enhanced surveillance systems., Design: Descriptive multicountry population based study., Setting: Eight countries with permanent surveillance systems using enhanced methods to identify, document, and review maternal deaths. The most recent available aggregated maternal mortality data were collected for three year periods for France, Italy, and the UK and for five year periods for Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Slovakia., Population: 297 835 live births in Denmark (2013-17), 301 169 in Finland (2008-12), 2 435 583 in France (2013-15), 1 281 986 in Italy (2013-15), 856 572 in the Netherlands (2014-18), 292 315 in Norway (2014-18), 283 930 in Slovakia (2014-18), and 2 261 090 in the UK (2016-18)., Outcome Measures: Maternal mortality ratios from enhanced systems were calculated and compared with those obtained from each country's office of vital statistics. Age specific maternal mortality ratios; maternal mortality ratios according to women's origin, citizenship, or ethnicity; and cause specific maternal mortality ratios were also calculated., Results: Methods for identifying and classifying maternal deaths up to 42 days were very similar across countries (except for the Netherlands). Maternal mortality ratios up to 42 days after end of pregnancy varied by a multiplicative factor of four from 2.7 and 3.4 per 100 000 live births in Norway and Denmark to 9.6 in the UK and 10.9 in Slovakia. Vital statistics offices underestimated maternal mortality by 36% or more everywhere but Denmark. Age specific maternal mortality ratios were higher for the youngest and oldest mothers (pooled relative risk 2.17 (95% confidence interval 1.38 to 3.34) for women aged <20 years, 2.10 (1.54 to 2.86) for those aged 35-39, and 3.95 (3.01 to 5.19) for those aged ≥40, compared with women aged 20-29 years). Except in Norway, maternal mortality ratios were ≥50% higher in women born abroad or of minoritised ethnicity, defined variously in different countries. Cardiovascular diseases and suicides were leading causes of maternal deaths in each country. Some other conditions were also major contributors to maternal mortality in only one or two countries: venous thromboembolism in the UK and the Netherlands, hypertensive disorders in the Netherlands, amniotic fluid embolism in France, haemorrhage in Italy, and stroke in Slovakia. Only two countries, France and the UK, had enhanced methods for studying late maternal deaths, those occurring between 43 and 365 days after the end of pregnancy., Conclusions: Variations in maternal mortality ratios exist between high income European countries with enhanced surveillance systems. In-depth analyses of differences in the quality of care and health system performance at national levels are needed to reduce maternal mortality further by learning from best practices and each other. Cardiovascular diseases and mental health in women during and after pregnancy must be prioritised in all countries., Competing Interests: Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at https://www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/ and declare: no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2022
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39. Methodology and implementation of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI).

Author: Breda J, McColl K, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdurrahmonova Z, Ahrens W, Akhmedova D, Bakacs M, Boer JMA, Boymatova K, Brinduse LA, Cucu A, Duleva V, Endevelt R, Sant'Angelo VF, Fijałkowska A, Hadžiomeragić AF, García-Solano M, Grøholt EK, Gualtieri A, Hassapidou M, Hejgaard T, Hyska J, Kelleher CC, Kujundžić E, Mäki P, Markidou Ioannidou E, Melkumova M, Moyersoen I, Milanović SM, Nurk E, Ostojic SM, Peterkova V, Petrauskienė A, Pudule I, Rito AI, Russell Jonsson K, Rutter H, Salanave B, Seyidov N, Shengelia L, Silitrari N, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Starc G, Stojisavljević D, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tichá Ľ, Usupova Z, Weghuber D, Yardim N, Zamrazilová H, Zbanatskyi V, Branca F, Weber M, and Rakovac I
Subjects: Child, Exercise, Humans, Overweight, Prevalence, Schools, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: Establishment of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) has resulted in a surveillance system which provides regular, reliable, timely, and accurate data on children's weight status-through standardized measurement of bodyweight and height-in the WHO European Region. Additional data on dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family background, and school environments are collected in several countries. In total, 45 countries in the European Region have participated in COSI. The first five data collection rounds, between 2007 and 2021, yielded measured anthropometric data on over 1.3 million children. In COSI, data are collected according to a common protocol, using standardized instruments and procedures. The systematic collection and analysis of these data enables intercountry comparisons and reveals differences in the prevalence of childhood thinness, overweight, normal weight, and obesity between and within populations. Furthermore, it facilitates investigation of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and potential risk or protective factors and improves the understanding of the development of overweight and obesity in European primary-school children in order to support appropriate and effective policy responses., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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40. Socioeconomic differences in food habits among 6- to 9-year-old children from 23 countries-WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI 2015/2017).

Author: Fismen AS, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Helleve A, Abdrakhmanova S, Bakacs M, Bergh IH, Boymatova K, Duleva V, Fijałkowska A, García-Solano M, Gualtieri A, Gutiérrez-González E, Hejgaard T, Huidumac-Petrescu C, Hyska J, Kelleher CC, Kierkegaard L, Kujundžić E, Kunešová M, Milanović SM, Nardone P, Nurk E, Ostojic SM, Ozcebe LH, Peterkova V, Petrauskiene A, Pudule I, Rakhmatulleoeva S, Rakovac I, Rito AI, Rutter H, Sacchini E, Stojisavljević D, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Shengelia L, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Tanrygulyyeva M, Usupova Z, Weghuber D, and Breda J
Subjects: Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Parents, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits are a key public health concern. In order to inform policy makers, cross-country surveillance studies of dietary patterns across socioeconomic groups are required. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's food habits., Methods: The study was based on nationally representative data from children aged 6-9 years (n = 129,164) in 23 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Multivariate multilevel analyses were used to explore associations between children's food habits (consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugar-containing soft drinks) and parental education, perceived family wealth and parental employment status., Results: Overall, the present study suggests that unhealthy food habits are associated with lower SES, particularly as assessed by parental education and family perceived wealth, but not parental employment status. We found cross-national and regional variation in associations between SES and food habits and differences in the extent to which the respective indicators of SES were related to children's diet., Conclusion: Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits exist in the majority of European and Asian countries examined in this study. The results are of relevance when addressing strategies, policy actions, and interventions targeting social inequalities in children's diets., (© 2021 The World Health Organization. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.)
Published: 2021
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41. Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in 7-year-old children-WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative.

Author: Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M, Heinen MM, Rutter H, Hassapidou M, Duleva V, Pudule I, Petrauskienė A, Sjöberg A, Lissner L, Spiroski I, Gutiérrez-González E, Kelleher CC, Bergh IH, Metelcová T, Vignerová J, Brabec M, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Simmonds P, Zamrazilová H, Hainer V, Yngve A, Rakovac I, and Breda J
Subjects: Body Height, Body Mass Index, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Abdominal epidemiology, Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: Childhood obesity is a serious global health problem. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) reflect body fat distribution in children. The objectives of this study were to assess WC and WHtR in 7-year-old children and to determine body mass index (BMI), WC, and WHtR differences in children from 10 selected countries across Europe (Bulgaria, Czechia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Norway, Spain, and Sweden) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). The 50th and 90th percentile of WC (according to COSI and "Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS" (IDEFICS) cutoff values) and WHtR above 0.5 were used as measures of abdominal obesity in a unique sample of 38,975 children aged 7.00-7.99 years. Southern European countries, including Greece and Spain, showed significantly higher BMI, WC, and WHtRin both genders (p < 0.0001) than Eastern and Northern Europe. The highest values for WC were observed in Greece (60.8 ± 7.36 cm boys; 60.3 ± 7.48 cm girls), North Macedonia (60.4 ± 7.91 cm boys; 59.0 ± 8.01 cm girls), and Spain (59.7 ± 6.96 cm boys; 58.9 ± 6.77 cm girls). WC and WHtRin may add an information about the occurrence of central obesity in children., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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42. Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among 6- to 9-year-old children in 24 countries from the World Health Organization European region.

Author: Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Simmonds P, Nurk E, Ahrens W, Nardone P, Rito AI, Rutter H, Bergh IH, Starc G, Jonsson KR, Spinelli A, Vandevijvere S, Mäki P, Milanović SM, Salanave B, Yardim MS, Hejgaard T, Fijałkowska A, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdurrahmonova Z, Duleva V, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, García-Solano M, Gualtieri A, Gutiérrez-González E, Huidumac-Petrescu C, Hyska J, Kelleher CC, Kujundžić E, Peterkova V, Petrauskiene A, Pudule I, Sacchini E, Shengelia L, Tanrygulyyeva M, Taxová Braunerová R, Usupova Z, Maruszczak K, Ostojic SM, Spiroski I, Stojisavljević D, Wickramasinghe K, and Breda J
Subjects: Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Prevalence, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization, Overweight epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: Childhood overweight and obesity have significant short- and long-term negative impacts on children's health and well-being. These challenges are unequally distributed according to socioeconomic status (SES); however, previous studies have often lacked standardized and objectively measured data across national contexts to assess these differences. This study provides a cross-sectional picture of the association between SES and childhood overweight and obesity, based on data from 123,487 children aged 6-9 years in 24 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European region. Overall, associations were found between overweight/obesity and the three SES indicators used (parental education, parental employment status, and family-perceived wealth). Our results showed an inverse relationship between the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and parental education in high-income countries, whereas the opposite relationship was observed in most of the middle-income countries. The same applied to family-perceived wealth, although parental employment status appeared to be less associated with overweight and obesity or not associated at all. This paper highlights the need for close attention to context when designing interventions, as the association between SES and childhood overweight and obesity varies by country economic development. Population-based interventions have an important role to play, but policies that target specific SES groups are also needed to address inequalities., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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43. Mobilizing governments and society to combat obesity: Reflections on how data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative are helping to drive policy progress.

Author: Breda J, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Duleva V, Galeone D, Heinen MM, Kelleher CC, Menzano MT, Musić Milanović S, Mitchell L, Pudule I, Rito AI, Shengelia L, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Yardim N, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Rakovac I, and McColl K
Subjects: Child, Government, Humans, Overweight, Policy, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control
Abstract: To meet the need for regular and reliable data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in Europe, the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established in 2007. The resulting robust surveillance system has improved understanding of the public health challenge of childhood overweight and obesity in the WHO European Region. For the past decade, data from COSI have helped to inform and drive policy action on nutrition and physical activity in the region. This paper describes illustrative examples of how COSI data have fed into national and international policy, but the real scope of COSI's impact is likely to be much broader. In some countries, there are signs that policy responses to COSI data have helped halt the rise in childhood obesity. As the countries of the WHO European Region commit to pursuing United Action for Better Health in Europe in WHO's new European Programme of Work, COSI provides an excellent example of such united action in practice. Further collaborative action will be key to tackling this major public health challenge which affects children throughout the region., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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44. Urban and rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption among 6-9-year-old children from 19 countries from the WHO European region.

Author: Heinen MM, Bel-Serrat S, Kelleher CC, Buoncristiano M, Spinelli A, Nardone P, Milanović SM, Rito AI, Bosi ATB, Gutiérrrez-González E, Pudule I, Abdrakhmanova S, Abdurrahmonova Z, Brinduse LA, Cucu A, Duleva V, Fijałkowska A, Gualtieri A, Hejgaard T, Hyska J, Kujundžić E, Petrauskiene A, Sacchini E, Shengelia L, Tanrygulyyeva M, Usupova Z, Bergh IH, Weghuber D, Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M, Sant'Angelo VF, Nurk E, Ostojic SM, Spiroski I, Tichá Ľ, Rutter H, Williams J, Boymatova K, Rakovac I, Weber MW, and Breda J
Subjects: Carbonated Beverages, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Fruit, Humans, Internationality, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vegetables, World Health Organization, Access to Healthy Foods, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Pediatric Obesity prevention & control
Abstract: In order to address the paucity of evidence on the association between childhood eating habits and urbanization, this cross-sectional study describes urban-rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption in 123,100 children aged 6-9 years from 19 countries participating in the fourth round (2015-2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents/caregivers completed food-frequency questionnaires. A multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed and revealed wide variability among countries and within macroregions for all indicators. The percentage of children attending rural schools ranged from 3% in Turkey to 70% in Turkmenistan. The prevalence of less healthy eating habits was high, with between 30-80% and 30-90% children not eating fruit or vegetables daily, respectively, and up to 45% consuming soft drinks on >3 days a week. For less than one third of the countries, children attending rural schools had higher odds (OR-range: 1.1-2.1) for not eating fruit or vegetables daily or consuming soft drinks >3 days a week compared to children attending urban schools. For the remainder of the countries no significant associations were observed. Both population-based interventions and policy strategies are necessary to improve access to healthy foods and increase healthy eating behaviors among children., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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45. Socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep patterns among 6- to 9-year-old children from 24 countries in the WHO European region.

Author: Musić Milanović S, Buoncristiano M, Križan H, Rathmes G, Williams J, Hyska J, Duleva V, Zamrazilová H, Hejgaard T, Jørgensen MB, Salanave B, Shengelia L, Kelleher CC, Spinelli A, Nardone P, Abdrakhmanova S, Usupova Z, Pudule I, Petrauskiene A, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Kujundžić E, Fijałkowska A, Rito AI, Cucu A, Brinduse LA, Peterkova V, Gualtieri A, García-Solano M, Gutiérrez-González E, Boymatova K, Yardim MS, Tanrygulyyeva M, Melkumova M, Weghuber D, Nurk E, Mäki P, Bergh IH, Ostojic SM, Russell Jonsson K, Spiroski I, Rutter H, Ahrens W, Rakovac I, Whiting S, and Breda J
Subjects: Child, Child Behavior, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise, Humans, Sleep, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Sedentary Behavior
Abstract: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are important predictors of children's health. This paper aimed to investigate socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep across the WHO European region. This cross-sectional study used data on 124,700 children aged 6 to 9 years from 24 countries participating in the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative between 2015 and 2017. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through parental education, parental employment status, and family perceived wealth. Overall, results showed different patterns in socioeconomic disparities in children's movement behaviors across countries. In general, high SES children were more likely to use motorized transportation. Low SES children were less likely to participate in sports clubs and more likely to have more than 2 h/day of screen time. Children with low parental education had a 2.24 [95% CI 1.94-2.58] times higher risk of practising sports for less than 2 h/week. In the pooled analysis, SES was not significantly related to active play. The relationship between SES and sleep varied by the SES indicator used. Importantly, results showed that low SES is not always associated with a higher prevalence of "less healthy" behaviors. There is a great diversity in SES patterns across countries which supports the need for country-specific, targeted public health interventions., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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46. Thinness, overweight, and obesity in 6- to 9-year-old children from 36 countries: The World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative-COSI 2015-2017.

Author: Spinelli A, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P, Starc G, Hejgaard T, Júlíusson PB, Fismen AS, Weghuber D, Musić Milanović S, García-Solano M, Rutter H, Rakovac I, Cucu A, Brinduse LA, Rito AI, Kovacs VA, Heinen MM, Nurk E, Mäki P, Abdrakhmanova S, Rakhmatulleoeva S, Duleva V, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Fijałkowska A, Gualtieri A, Sacchini E, Hassapidou M, Hyska J, Kelleher CC, Kujundžić E, Kunešová M, Markidou Ioannidou E, Ostojic SM, Peterkova V, Petrauskienė A, Popović S, Pudule I, Russell Jonsson K, Dal-Re Saavedra MÁ, Salanave B, Shengelia L, Spiroski I, Tanrygulyyeva M, Tichá Ľ, Usupova Z, Ozcebe LH, Abildina A, Schindler K, Weber MW, Filipović Hadžiomeragić A, Melkumova M, Stojisavljević D, Boymatova K, Williams J, and Breda J
Subjects: Body Mass Index, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Thinness epidemiology
Abstract: In 2015-2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6-9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the children's body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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47. Childhood overweight and obesity in Europe: Changes from 2007 to 2017.

Author: Buoncristiano M, Spinelli A, Williams J, Nardone P, Rito AI, García-Solano M, Grøholt EK, Gutiérrez-González E, Klepp KI, Starc G, Petrauskienė A, Kunešová M, Hassapidou M, Pérez-Farinós N, Pudule I, Kelleher CC, Duleva V, Rakovac I, Chatterjee S, and Breda J
Subjects: Body Mass Index, Child, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, Schools, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) routinely measures height and weight of primary school children aged 6-9 years and calculates overweight and obesity prevalence within the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region using a standard methodology. This study examines the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity from the first round of COSI carried out in 2007/2008 to the latest of 2015/2017 in 11 European countries in which data were collected for at least three rounds. In total 303,155 children were measured. In general, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys and girls decreased in countries with high prevalence (Southern Europe) and remained stable or slightly increased in Northern European and Eastern European countries included in the analysis. Among boys, the highest decrease in overweight (including obesity) was observed in Portugal (from 40.5% in 2007/2008 to 28.4 in 2015/2017) and in Greece for obesity (from 30.5% in 2009/2010 to 21.7% in 2015/2017). Lithuania recorded the strongest increase in the proportion of boys with overweight (from 24.8% to 28.5%) and obesity (from 9.4% to 12.2%). The trends were similar for boys and girls in most countries. Several countries in Europe have successfully implemented policies and interventions to counteract the increase of overweight and obesity, but there is still much to be done., (© 2021 World Obesity Federation. The World Health Organization retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.)
Published: 2021
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48. The Italian Obstetric Surveillance System: Implementation of a bundle of population-based initiatives to reduce haemorrhagic maternal deaths.

Author: Donati S, Buoncristiano M, Lega I, D'Aloja P, and Maraschini A
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Pregnancy, Cause of Death trends, Hemorrhage mortality, Maternal Mortality trends, Pregnancy Complications mortality, Quality of Health Care trends
Abstract: In this before and after cross-sectional analysis, the authors aim to assess the impact of the bundle of research and training initiatives implemented between 2013 and 2018, and coordinated by the Italian Obstetric Surveillance System (ItOSS) to reduce obstetric haemorrhagic emergencies in five selected Italian Regions. To this purpose, the haemorrhagic Maternal Mortality Ratios (MMR) per 100,000 live births were estimated before and after implementing the bundle, through the ItOSS's vital statistic linkage procedures and incident reporting and Confidential Enquiries. The research and training bundle was offered to all health professionals involved in pregnancy and birth care in the selected regions, representing 40% of national live births, and participating in the ItOSS audit cycle since its institution. The haemorrhagic MMR significantly decreased from 2.49/100,000 live births [95% CI 1.75 to 3.43] in the years 2007-2013 prior to the bundle implementation, to 0.77/100,000 live births [95% CI 0.31 to 1.58] in the years 2014-2018 after its implementation. According to the study results, the bundle of population-based initiatives might have contributed to reducing the haemorrhagic MMR in the participating regions, thus improving the quality of care of the major obstetric haemorrhage., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2021
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49. Parental Perceptions of Children's Weight Status in 22 Countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: COSI 2015/2017.

Author: Ramos Salas X, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Kebbe M, Spinelli A, Nardone P, Rito A, Duleva V, Musić Milanović S, Kunesova M, Braunerová RT, Hejgaard T, Rasmussen M, Shengelia L, Abdrakhmanova S, Abildina A, Usuopva Z, Hyska J, Burazeri G, Petrauskiene A, Pudule I, Sant'Angelo VF, Kujundzic E, Fijałkowska A, Cucu A, Brinduse LA, Peterkova V, Bogova E, Gualtieri A, Solano MG, Gutiérrez-González E, Rakhmatullaeva S, Tanrygulyyeva M, Yardim N, Weghuber D, Mäki P, Russell Jonsson K, Starc G, Juliusson PB, Heinen MM, Kelleher C, Ostojic S, Popovic S, Kovacs VA, Akhmedova D, Farpour-Lambert NJ, Rutter H, Li B, Boymatova K, Rakovac I, Wickramasinghe K, and Breda J
Subjects: Body Mass Index, Body Weight, Child, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Overweight epidemiology, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, World Health Organization, Pediatric Obesity diagnosis, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology
Abstract: Introduction: Parents can act as important agents of change and support for healthy childhood growth and development. Studies have found that parents may not be able to accurately perceive their child's weight status. The purpose of this study was to measure parental perceptions of their child's weight status and to identify predictors of potential parental misperceptions., Methods: We used data from the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative and 22 countries. Parents were asked to identify their perceptions of their children's weight status as "underweight," "normal weight," "a little overweight," or "extremely overweight." We categorized children's (6-9 years; n = 124,296) body mass index (BMI) as BMI-for-age Z-scores based on the 2007 WHO-recommended growth references. For each country included in the analysis and pooled estimates (country level), we calculated the distribution of children according to the WHO weight status classification, distribution by parental perception of child's weight status, percentages of accurate, overestimating, or underestimating perceptions, misclassification levels, and predictors of parental misperceptions using a multilevel logistic regression analysis that included only children with overweight (including obesity). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15 1., Results: Overall, 64.1% of parents categorized their child's weight status accurately relative to the WHO growth charts. However, parents were more likely to underestimate their child's weight if the child had overweight (82.3%) or obesity (93.8%). Parents were more likely to underestimate their child's weight if the child was male (adjusted OR [adjOR]: 1.41; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.28-1.55); the parent had a lower educational level (adjOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.26-1.57); the father was asked rather than the mother (adjOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98-1.33); and the family lived in a rural area (adjOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99-1.24). Overall, parents' BMI was not strongly associated with the underestimation of children's weight status, but there was a stronger association in some countries., Discussion/conclusion: Our study supplements the current literature on factors that influence parental perceptions of their child's weight status. Public health interventions aimed at promoting healthy childhood growth and development should consider parents' knowledge and perceptions, as well as the sociocultural contexts in which children and families live., (© 2021 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)
Published: 2021
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50. Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6-9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015-2017.

Author: Whiting S, Buoncristiano M, Gelius P, Abu-Omar K, Pattison M, Hyska J, Duleva V, Musić Milanović S, Zamrazilová H, Hejgaard T, Rasmussen M, Nurk E, Shengelia L, Kelleher CC, Heinen MM, Spinelli A, Nardone P, Abildina A, Abdrakhmanova S, Aitmurzaeva G, Usuopva Z, Pudule I, Petrauskiene A, Sant'Angelo VF, Kujundzic E, Popovic S, Fismen AS, Bergh IH, Fijalkowska A, Rito AI, Cucu A, Brinduse LA, Peterkova V, Gualtieri A, García-Solano M, Gutiérrez-González E, Abdurrahmonova Z, Boymatova K, Yardim N, Tanrygulyyeva M, Weghuber D, Schindler K, Stojisavljević D, Filipović Hadžiomeragić A, Markidou Ionnaidu E, Ahrens W, Hassapidou M, Kovacs VA, Ostojic SM, Ticha L, Starc G, Russell Jonsson K, Spiroski I, Rutter H, Mendes R, Williams J, Rakovac I, and Breda J
Subjects: Child, Europe, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Motor Activity, Parents, Schools, Screen Time, Sports, World Health Organization, Exercise, Pediatric Obesity epidemiology, Sleep
Abstract: Background: Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing., Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI)., Method: The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015-2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children's PA, screen time, and sleep duration., Results: Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9-11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7-98.3% actively playing for >1 h/day, 8.2-85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7-94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3-80.0% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 50.0-95.8% slept for 9-11 h/night., Conclusions: The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children., (© 2020 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.)
Published: 2021
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