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AbstractIn multivariate statistical inference, the Hotelling T2 statistic is used to test the equality of mean vectors for two independent groups. This statistic needs the multivariate normality and homogeneous covariance matrices assumptions. However, homogeneous covariance matrices assumption may not be provided in real applications. This case is called the multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem. There are several studies to test the equality of two mean vectors for the independent groups under the multivariate Behrens-fisher problem. But these studies do not interest in outliers at data sets. In this study, we propose solving problems caused by multivariate Behrens-Fisher and outliers in the dataset. We compare our proposed approach with other approaches regarding empirical size and power at simulated data that are both uncontaminated and contaminated. Thus we show that our proposed approach can be used to test the equality of mean vectors for two independent groups under multivariate Behrens-Fisher problem without being affected by outliers in the data. Moreover, we construct an R function in the MVTests package to use our proposed approach for real data applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The likelihood ratio test used to test complete independence cannot be used in high-dimensional data. In literature, many test statistics were proposed to cope with this problem. However, these statistics are sensitive to outliers. In this study, we suggest a test statistic that is not sensitive to outliers and can be used in high-dimensional data to test complete independence. We investigate the performance of our suggested statistic in terms of the empirical size and the empirical power by using three simulation studies and a real example dataset. And, we construct an R package to implement our proposed test statistic on real high-dimensional data in applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of a diagnosis of chronic endometritis (CE) made using a diagnostic cut-off of ≥1 or ≥5 CD138 plasma cells per high power field (HPF) in asymptomatic patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with frozen embryo transfer (FET). Material and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 1,865 patients underwent freeze-all-IVF treatment between January and December 2019, with 419 undergoing endometrial biopsies at oocyte retrieval. Of the 419 biopsy-patients, 301 have since undergone first FET. The processed endometrial biopsies of the 301 patients underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) examination with anti-CD138 to count CD138+ plasma cells per HPF. CE diagnosis was defined as 0 CD138 plasma cells (control-group), ≥1 CD138 plasma cells (CEcontrol-group) or ≥5 CD138 plasma cells (CEdisease-group) per HPF. Results: Twenty-six (8.6%) patients were retrospectively diagnosed having >1 CD138 plasma cells, and five patients (1.7%) having ≥5 CD138 plasma cells (CEdisease-group) per HPF. The live birth and pregnancy loss rates of the three groups were 52.7% and 27.9%, 53.8% and 26.3% and 20.0% and 66.7%, respectively. The antral follicle count (AFC) of the three groups were 15.0 (9.0-22.0), 10.5 (7.75-15.25), and 6.0 (5.0-14.0), respectively. Conclusion: Asymptomatic patients diagnosed with CE with ≥5 CD138 plasma cells per HPF, had the lowest live birth and highest pregnancy loss rates, with these patients also having significantly reduced AFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hotelling T 2 statistic is used to test the hypothesis about the location parameter of multivariate Gaussian distribution, and it is significantly sensitive to outliers. Also, we cannot calculate it when the sample size is less than the number of variables because this statistic needs the inverse of the covariance matrix, and the sample covariance matrix is singular in high dimensional data. Although a new approach, based on shrinkage estimation, was proposed to solve this singularity problem, this estimator is still sensitive to outliers. On the other hand, a robust one sample Hotelling T 2 statistic was proposed by using the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) estimates instead of classical ones. Since the MCD estimates cannot be calculated when n < p , this statistic cannot be used in high-dimensional data. This study proposes to use the minimum regularized covariance determinant (MRCD) estimator instead of classical or MCD. The MRCD estimator is a robust location and scatter estimator, which can be calculated in high-dimensional data. We obtain the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic using Monte Carlo simulations and examine the power and robustness properties of the test statistic with simulated datasets. As a result, we show that the approximate distribution of the test statistic is proper, and the proposed robust test statistic can be used to test the hypothesis about the location parameter of contaminated high dimensional data. Finally, we construct an R function in the MVTests package to perform our proposed test statistic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose the robust ratio-type estimator of finite population variance considering the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) and the minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) robust covariance matrices in simple and stratified random sampling. The mean square errors (MSE) equations are obtained for the robust ratio-type estimator. The conditions for which the proposed robust ratio-type estimator is more efficient as compared to competing estimators have been discussed. The MCD and MVE are robust against outliers. Thus, when there is an outlier in the data, simulations and empirical results show that the proposed robust ratio-type estimators under simple and stratified random sampling have a lower mean square error than the traditional estimators. In addition, we support theoretical results with contaminated real examples and simulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exact string matching algorithms are among the important study topics in computer science due to their various applications in many fields such as medicine, bioinformatics, and biology. New algorithms have been developed recently, and the string matching on the text has been accelerated. The string matching algorithms are divided into two parts, single and multiple. The string matching algorithms are divided into two parts, single and multiple. The multiple exact string matching algorithms involve finding d number patterns (P) in a given text T. In this study, the Wu-Manber algorithm, one of the hash-based multiple exact string matching algorithms, is discussed. Although the Wu-Manber algorithm is effective, it has some limitations, such as hash collisions. In our study, a new approach has is proposed for these limitations. In the proposed approach, unlike the traditional Wu-Manber algorithm, the searching in the sequences is performed by q-gram hash comparison, using the hash function that removes hash collisions in DNA sequences. The proposed approach has been compared with the multiple exact string matching algorithms with the well-known algorithms in the literature on E. Coli and Human Chromosome1 datasets. As a result of the experimental studies, better results have been achieved in terms of performance metrics such as the average runtime, the average number of character and hash comparisons in the proposed approach compared to the Wu-Manber algorithm. Also, the proposed approach is shown to be more efficient than well-known algorithms, such as Aho Corasick (AC) and Commentz Walter (CW). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this retrospective study, our purpose was to research the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram graphics for the preoperative diagnosis of parotis tumors with heterogeneous signal distribution. Methods: Our patient group included 50 patients with total 52 parotid gland masses who had diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC maps before operation or biopsy, which were archived in our institutional Picture Archiving and Communications System. Freehand region of interest-based ADC histogram parameters were minimum (ADC min), maximum (ADC max), mean (ADC mean) and standard deviation (SD) (ADC SD). Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 17.0 using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearmans' rho correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: ADC min, ADC max and especially the ADC mean were statistically significant in differentiating pleomorphic adenoma (PA) from Warthin tumor (WT). ADC min and ADC max values were also significant in differentiating PA from malignant tumor (MT) (p<0.05). In PA-WT differentiation ADC mean value with 1465.50 cut-off level, sensitivity was 94.1% and specificity was 88.6%. For PA-MT differentiation, ADC min value with 962.00 cut-off level, sensitivity was 82.4% and specificity was 94.3%. Whereas, ADC histogram values for WT-MT differentiation were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results support the assumption that ADC histogram parameters can help discriminate PA from WT and PA from MTs preoperatively. However, they are unhelpful in the differential diagnosis of malignant masses from WT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, ratio estimators for the population mean have suggested using the robust covariance estimation under the simple random scheme. Zaman and Bulut have developed a class of ratio-type estimators for the mean estimation by utilizing robust regression coefficients. In this paper, we extend the estimators presented in Zaman and Bulut by using minimum covariance determinant (MCD) robust covariance estimation. The mean square error (MSE) equation for the new estimators is obtained. These theoretical results are supported with the aid of numerical example and simulation based on dataset that include outliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we analyze travelling wave solutions of the conformable resonant nonlinear Schrödinger's equation with Kerr-law nonlinearity by using an analytical approach which is the rational sine-Gordon expansion method. The purposed technique is a significant method to solve nonlinear evolution equations having high nonlinearity. We found some explicit solutions, including bright soliton and dark soliton, which have important roles in fields such as quantum physics, optical fibres by this way. We illustrate some graphics corresponding to the obtained wave solutions under the appropriate coefficients to help better understand their physical meaning of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, our goal is to find more general exact travelling wave solutions of the (1 + 1)- and (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear chiral Schrödinger equation with conformable derivative by using a newly developed analytical method. The governing model has a very important role in quantum mechanics, especially in the field of quantum Hall effect where chiral excitations are present. In two-dimensional electron systems, subjected to strong magnetic fields and low temperatures, the quantum Hall effect can be observed. By using the method, called the rational sine-Gordon expansion method which is a generalised form of the sine-Gordon expansion method, we found complex dark and bright solitary wave solutions. These solutions have important applications in the quantum Hall effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster analysis is defined as a group of multivariate statistical methods that are used to classify identical, or similar units. As is the case with all other classical statistical methods, classical clustering analysis gives misleading results when there is an outlier in the multivariate data set. To solve this problem many approaches have been proposed. This study focuses on developing a new approach, aiming to make the expectation maximization (EM) clustering algorithm resistant to outliers. We proposed a new robust hybrid clustering algorithm called robust EM (ROBEM) to reach our aim. This algorithm combines the EM clustering algorithm with robust principal component analysis (ROBPCA) algorithm. Spatial EM algorithm was proposed as a robust EM algorithm in the literature, but our simulation results and sample data applications showed that the ROBEM algorithm was more successful than the spatial EM algorithm in terms of outlier detection rate and faulty classification rate. Moreover, the proposed algorithm ROBEM provides similar results to the other well known robust clustering algorithms, such as TCLUST and Trimmed k-Means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this literature, the dynamic characteristics of the Bogoyavlenskii–Schieff equation in (2 + 1)‐dimension that arises in plasma physics are studied. Several characteristics of multi‐soliton solutions, complex rogue wave, M‐lump solutions, fusion solutions, and interaction phenomena between M‐lump and soliton solutions also with a fusion solution are discussed. A logarithmic variable transform is used to convert the studied nonlinear equation to a Hirota trilinear form. For all solutions, three‐dimensional figures are presented to more understand its dynamic behaviors. All findings are recent, and no experts have reported them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quran and Sunnah are the two most important Shariah evidence that regulates the life of Muslims. The principles determined or set by them are binding for Muslims. In this context, the Quran and the Sunnah set some criteria that determine the degree of devotion of the individual to the religion. One of the most important of these criteria is moderation. As a criterion that ensures balance in all spheres of life, moderation primarily helps people to stay away from all excesses in terms of the principles of faith and to have a perfect faith. It tries to keep people in a mediocre line by preventing them from moving at extreme points in matters of financial and physical worship. Moderation, morally, equips a person with virtues such as justice, wisdom, courage, generosity and chastity and contributes to his having a religious personality. In this study, it is explained with the examples given from the Quran and Sunnah that moderation symbolizes a moderate stance between the extremes, and that without moderation it is not possible to realize religiousness completely. It has been stated that the religiousness should not be interpreted in terms of cowardice or extremism, but that it is more appropriate to use it within the framework of concepts such as courage and moderation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work searches the new wave solutions of the time-fractional ion sound and Langmuir waves (ISLWs) equation and the time-fractional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa (DJKM) equation with the conformable derivative. The m + 1 G ′ -expansion method is employed for these models for the first time. Getting support from symbolic software, some new solutions are presented, which will be constructive for studies in the field of nonlinear physical phenomena. New wave solutions obtained by using the m + 1 G ′ -expansion method have applications in engineering, physics, and other scientific fields. The regarded method may provide a framework for the exact solutions of several evolution equations in applied sciences. Moreover, the graphical illustrations are also demonstrated to observe the dynamical behaviours of the solutions, which may benefit the development of new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we attempt to construct some novel solutions of nematicons within liquid crystals including three types of nonlinearity namely Kerr, parabolic, and power law, using the generalized exponential rational function method. The investigation of nematic liquid crystals, using the proposed method, shows that there is diversity between the solutions gained via this method with those obtained via different methods. Further, we use the constraint conditions to guarantee the existence of the solutions. The W-shaped surfaces, dark soliton, bright soliton, singular soliton, period singular soliton, periodic waves, and complex solutions of the studied equations are successfully constructed. Moreover, some obtained solutions are drawn to a better understanding of the characteristics of nematicons in liquid crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outlier detection is an extensively studied issue in robust literature. The most popular and traditional approach using to detect outliers is to calculate the Mahalanobis distance. However, conventional Mahalanobis distances may fail to detect outliers because they base on the classical sample mean vector and covariance matrix, which are sensitive to outliers. To solve this problem, the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) estimators are used instead of classical estimators. However, the MCD estimators cannot be calculated in high dimensional data sets, which variable number p is higher than the sample size n. To detect outliers in high dimensional data, we propose Mahalanobis distance based on the Minimum Regularized Covariance Determinants (MRCD) estimators, which can be calculated in high dimensional data sets. We have shown that this distance is successful for outlier detection in high dimensional data sets with the simulation study and real data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes new regression-type estimators by considering Tukey-M, Hampel M, Huber MM, LTS, LMS and LAD robust methods and MCD and MVE robust covariance matrices in stratified sampling. Theoretically, we obtain the mean square error (MSE) for these estimators. We compare the efficiencies based on MSE equations, between the proposed estimators and the traditional combined and separate regression estimators. As a result of these comparisons, we observed that our proposed estimators give more efficient results than traditional approaches. And, these theoretical results are supported with the aid of numerical examples and simulation based on data sets that include outliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of Muslims are to gain the world bliss and hereafter bliss by obtaining consent of Allah. It is essential to achieve this goal in the most accurate and right way. Almighty Allah, who has nominated people in general, and believers in paticular, for divine gladness and reall happiness, presents people the shortest way to get his consent through his Prophets. This road is undoubtedly the way of “Sırata’l Müstakim”. Allah reports in several verses of the Qur’an that Allah makes this way a means to attain his consent and happiness and follow him. To be in the right direction of this divine invitation, it is indeed a great blessing. Being deprived of such a blessing means unfortunate and serious loss for the world and the hereafter. In this study, how and in which way language, action (deed), and heart righteousness appear will be explained in the light of the Qur'an and sunnah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analytical solution of the longitudinal wave equation in the MEE circular rod is analyzed by the powerful sine-Gordon expansion method. Sine - Gordon expansion is based on the well-known wave transformation and sine - Gordon equation. In the longitudinal wave equation in mathematical physics, the transverse Poisson MEE circular rod is caused by the dispersion. Some solutions with complex, hyperbolic and trigonometric functions have been successfully implemented. Numerical simulations of all solutions are given by selecting the appropriate parameter values. The physical meaning of the analytical solution explaining some practical physical problems is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microarray technology enables the analysis of the gene expression data and the understanding of the important biological processes in an efficient way. We have developed an efficient clustering scheme for microarray gene expression data based on correlation-based feature selection, ant-based clustering, fuzzy c-means algorithm and a novel heaps merging heuristic. The algorithm utilizes the feature selection algorithm to overcome the high-dimensionality problem encountered in bioinformatics domain. Based on extensive empirical analysis on microarray data, clustering quality of the ant-based clustering algorithm is enhanced with the use of fuzzy c-means algorithm and heaps merging heuristic. The performance of the proposed clustering scheme is compared with k-means, PAM algorithm, CLARA, self-organizing map, hierarchical clustering, divisive analysis clustering, self-organizing tree algorithm, hybrid hierarchical clustering, consensus clustering, AntClass algorithm and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the proposed clustering scheme yields better performance in clustering cancer gene expression data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to find some novel soliton solutions of Fokas–Lenells (FL) equation where the perturbation terms are taken into account with nonlinearity. The sine-Gordon expansion method (SGEM) and the (m + (G ′ / G)) -expansion method are used in this context. The dark, bright, dark–bright and singular optical soliton solutions are successfully obtained. Moreover, the constraint conditions for guaranteeing the existence of solutions are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the acquisition of traveling wave solutions associated with the conformable time-fractional Zoomeron equation through the utilization of the modified exponential function method (MEFM). The solution functions derived from mathematical computations encompass hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions. Various graphical representations, such as 2D, 3D, contour graphs, and density graphs, are utilized to visually depict the distinct features of the solution functions derived from the determination of suitable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simplified modified Camassa Holm (SMCH) equation is an essential nonlinear model for classifying several wave phenomena in physical science. In this study, the new m + 1 / G ′ -expansion method has been applied to the SMCH equation. Based on the given method, we have obtained some typical analytical solutions, such as exponential and rational function and complex function solutions of the SMCH equation. The three-dimensional and contour graphs of the obtained results are drawn for appropriate values of parameters. Getting the results and graphic drawings have been made using the Wolfram Mathematica. All the obtained solutions are crucial for understanding the nonlinear phenomena of dispersive waves. The solutions have shown that the presented method is powerful, practical, and suitable for investigating nonlinear models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When there is an outlier in the data set, the efficiency of traditional methods decreases. In order to solve this problem, Kadilar et al. (2007) adapted Huber-M method which is only one of robust regression methods to ratio-type estimators and decreased the effect of outlier problem. In this study, new ratio-type estimators are proposed by considering Tukey-M, Hampel M, Huber MM, LTS, LMS and LAD robust methods based on the Kadilar et al. (2007). Theoretically, we obtain the mean square error (MSE) for these estimators. We compared with MSE values of proposed estimators and MSE values of estimators based on Huber-M and OLS methods. As a result of these comparisons, we observed that our proposed estimators give more efficient results than both Huber M approach which was proposed by Kadilar et al. (2007) and OLS approach. Also, under all conditions, all of the other proposed estimators except Lad method are more efficient than robust estimators proposed by Kadilar et al. (2007). And, these theoretical results are supported with the aid of a numerical example and simulation by basing on data that includes an outlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was performed to investigate whether maternal body mass index (BMI) affected the live birth (LB) outcomes of frozen embryo transfers (FET) in patients who underwent freeze-all treatment cycles. The autologous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with blastocyst freeze-all cycles performed between February 2015 and January 2016 were retrospectively investigated. The 1188 subsequent FET performed were grouped according to maternal BMI classes for analysis; underweight (<18.5 kg/m2; 3.5%), normal-weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2; 40.1%), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2; 33.7%), or obese (classes I-III; ≥30.0 kg/m2; 22.8%). Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed, with LB as the primary outcome measure. In the categorical analyses of only the single blastocyst transfers (SBT), positive pregnancy (PP), LB and total pregnancy loss (totPL) rates were similar in the maternal BMI classes; however, the preterm delivery (PTD) rate in the obese class was significantly higher. In the multiple logistic regression models, maternal age was the most significant predictor of LB (OR = 0.9, 95%CI (0.90-0.98), p = .006) and the maternal BMI was the most significant predictor of PTD (OR = 1.1, 95% CI (1.02-1.14), p = .010). In conclusion, maternal BMI was the most significant variable in the outcome of PTD, with obese female patients at an increased risk of PTD. Impact statement What is known already? Obesity is rising worldwide to epidemic proportions and is expected to continue rising in the foreseeable future. Overweight and obesity not only increases the morbidity and mortality in the female populations but also significantly increases the risks of infertility in the women of reproductive age. Body mass index (BMI) has been the most widely used measure to describe the body weight of infertile patients. What do the results of this study add? Underweight, overweight and obesity do not significantly contribute to live birth outcomes. Maternal BMI was a significant predictor of PTD, with obesity most significantly at risk of PTD. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The evidence suggests that the weight management policy remain unchanged in IVF practice, with weight loss recommended for both young and ageing infertile patients. Performing a 'therapeutic' freeze-all IVF in the patients with weight-associated infertility may be a more suitable treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the cumulative live birth (cLB) rate of one complete freeze-all-IVF cycle in a general infertile population and to investigate patient and treatment variables that predict blastocyst development and live birth (LB). Method: In a retrospective observational study, the data of all IVF cycles performed between 1 February 2015 and 31 January 2016 at a single IVF centre was investigated. In the study, patient-couples were followed up for 18 months following oocyte retrieval. After exclusions, the patient and treatment variables of 1582 patient-couples who underwent treatment were included in the analyses. Results: The median time interval between the oocyte retrieval attempt and the frozen embryo transfer (FET) in which LB was achieved was 38.0 (35.0–67.0) days. The variables of freeze-all-IVF cycles with single blastocyst FET selected by multiple logistic regression to predict LB significantly were female age, infertility duration, FET number (i.e. 1st, 2nd, or ≥ 3rd FET), and blastocyst quality. In a regression adjusting for female age, the number of blastocysts transferred, and oocyte number group (1–3, 4–9, 10–15, and > 15), none of the oocyte number groups were selected to predict LB of 1st FET, significantly. While the per transfer LB rates decreased linearly from the 1st (56.5%) to the 3rd (36.4%) FET, the cLB rate increased from 47.3% after the 1st FET to 55.0% after a 3rd possible FET. Conclusion: The cLB rate of one complete freeze-all-IVF cycle of a general infertile population, with 18-month follow-up, was 55.0%. In freeze-all-IVF, ovarian reserve variables were not selected by regression models to predict LB, significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish exact solutions of coupled Higgs equation and Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov (NNV) system. We apply generalized Kudryashov method (GKM) to seek exact solutions of coupled Higgs equation and NNV system. We find dark soliton solutions of coupled Higgs equation and NNV system via GKM. Then, for proper parameters, we plot 2D and 3D surfaces of some dark soliton solutions that we obtained by using this method. Numerical results together with the graphical demonstrations clearly present the reliability of this method. Also, the proposed method is consonant with the physical structure of such equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, by using the finite difference method (FDM for short) and operators, the discretized Cahn-Allen equation is obtained. New initial condition for the Cahn-Allen equation is introduced, considering the analytical solution given in Application of the modified exponential function method to the Cahn-Allen equation, AIP Conference Proceedings 1798, 020033 [1]. It is shown that the FDM is stable for the usage of the Fourier-Von Neumann technique. Accuracy of the method is analyzed in terms of the errors in L2 and L∞. Furthermore, the FDM is treated in order to obtain the numerical results and to construct a table including numerical and exact solutions as well as absolute measuring error. A comparison between the numerical and the exact solutions is supported with two and three dimensional graphics via Wolfram Mathematica 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster analysis can be defined as the group of methods which aim to classify multivariate observations by being used similarity/dissimilarity measures between observations. In cluster analysis, it is wanted that within clusters are homogeneous and between clusters are heterogeneous. In this study, clustering of cities in Turkey is aimed according to life satisfaction index values. The index values used in stu dy are obtained from results of "Life Satisfaction in Cities" study which are performed by TÜİK in 2015 and declared in 2016. In study, 11 index values are taken as satisfaction indicators of cities and the cities are clustered by using obtained multivariate data. Moreover, cluster validation indexes are used to determine cluster number and cluster method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the κ -casein (CSN3) and lactoferrin (LTF) genes which were found in association with milk production traits in different animal species were studied firstly in Turkish donkey populations. A total of 108 donkeys from different regions of Turkey were used in order to reveal the different genotypes of CSN3 and LTF genes by using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods. To determine the genetic polymorphism, we attempted to digest a fragment of 235 bp of the CSN3 gene and a fragment of 751 bp of the LTF gene using Pst I, and Dra II, Eag I and Mbo I restriction enzymes, respectively. Neither the CSN3 gene nor the LTF gene had enzyme recognition sites with the Pst I, Dra II and Mbo I restriction enzymes in all of the studied samples. However, the LTF gene was only distinguished with the Eag I restriction enzyme. Three genotypes were identified in the LTF gene with the Eag I restriction enzyme: GG homozygotes (667, 84 bp), AG heterozygotes (751; 667, 84 bp) and AA homozygotes (751 bp). The transition from guanine to adenine in 89 bp of the LTF gene lacks the restriction site and different genotypes are obtained. This novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been firstly detected in donkeys. According to the results, the G allele was predominant in the LTF-Eag I gene in the studied Turkish donkey populations. In this study, all the genotype distributions of LTF-Eag I were not found in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). The CSN3 and LTF genes have not been studied before in donkeys, so the results are the preliminary results of these gene regions in donkeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the endometrial developmental and reproductive outcomes of frozen embryo transfers (FETs) which were performed subsequent to miscarriages managed by dilation and curettage (D and C) were investigated. The intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) blastocyst freeze-all cycles performed between January 2014 and August 2016 were screened for the patients who had undergone their FET (first), miscarriages (>5 < 14 weeks), D and C, and the patients who had undergone their FET (second) (study group; n = 71); and patients who underwent FET (1st), a chemical pregnancy loss (PL) (<5 weeks) and FET (2nd) (reference group; n = 38). The live births (LB; delivery >20 weeks) of FET (2nd) were analysed in two time-interval sub-groups: ≤6 months or >6 months. In the study and reference groups, the median endometrial thickness at the second FET of the ≤6 months sub-groups was found to be significantly reduced. The relative risk for LB was significantly higher (1.65 [0.994-2.723] p = .043) in the >6 months study sub-group, with a lower risk for PL (0.62 [0.268-1.427] p = .329), whereas, there were no significant differences between the reference sub-groups. The management of miscarriage with D and C results in a significant and transient decrease in reproductive function in subsequent FET. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Approximately, 15-30% of positive pregnancies in assisted reproductive technology (ART) end in biochemical pregnancy losses (PLs) or miscarriages. Cervical dilation with suction or blunt curettage (D and C), has been the procedure most often used to manage the retained products of conception (RPOC) after miscarriage. Intrauterine surgery has the potential to directly affect reproduction, depending on the endometrial impact. What the results of this study add? The endometrium after D and C surgery may require 6 months to recover normal reproductive function, in terms of both live birth and PL. The extent of the damage to endometrial function is not found to be reflected in the endometrial thickness. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Patients who undergo miscarriage after their ART treatment may need to delay further treatment for 6 months to optimise their chances of LB. Alternative miscarriage management procedures need to be investigated; procedures that have lower risks for an adverse reproductive function and allow for shorter time intervals between treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reveals the dark, bright, combined dark–bright, singular optical solitons and other solutions to the conformable space–time fractional Fokas–Lenells equation. We use two integral schemes in reaching such solutions. The constraints conditions which guarantee the existence of valid solutions are stated. By choosing the suitable values of the parameters involved, we plot the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional surfaces to some of the obtained solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the applications of the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes the nonlinear spin dynamics of (2 + 1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chains with bilinear and anisotropic interactions in the semiclassical limit is presented. We successfully construct dark, bright, combined dark-bright, singular and combined singular soliton solutions to this equation. We give the parametric conditions for the existence of valid soliton to each of the obtained solutions. We plot the 2D and 3D graphics to some of the obtained solutions. The reported results of this study may be helpful in explaining the physical meaning of the studied model. Highlights • The application of the extended ShGEEM to the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation is presented. • Dark, bright and other solition solutions are reported. • The physical meanings of the obtained solutions are stated. • The interesting 2D and 3D graphics to some of the obtained solutions are plotted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searching for and locating a certain destination in a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) are fundamental issues to ensure routing and data dissemination under high mobility and lack of fixed infrastructure. However, naive-flooding searching is too expensive and takes a considerable amount of valuable bandwidth in the network. To overcome this, GPS information of the vehicles can be exploited, which can aid searching and routing in VANETs. In this paper, we present a novel position-based searching algorithm—called Fireworks—that can be used as a location discovery algorithm in VANETs. The proposed scheme is purely reactive and has a limited usage of beacons. Fireworks algorithm provides the position of the destination vehicle without having a Location Information System infrastructure or a proactive mechanism. We show that the method is efficient and reliable while greatly reducing the searching overhead. The simulations show that the algorithm covers as many nodes as naive-flooding with less than one-fifth of the broadcast messages and with less than one-third of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). It also performs better than Acknowledgement-Based Broadcast Protocol (ABSM) in terms of total number of broadcast messages, node coverage speed and query success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs dark, bright, combined dark-bright, singular, combined singular soliton optical and singular periodic solutions to the conformable space-time fractional second order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with group velocity dispersion coefficient and spatiotemporal dispersion by using the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method. The constraint conditions for the existence of valid soliton solutions are given. The reported results in this study may be helpful in explaining the physical meaning of the studied model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method in constructing various optical soliton solutions to the resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation with both spatio-temporal and inter-modal dispersions. Resonant nonlinear Schrödinger equation expresses the propagation dynamics of optical solitons and Madelung fluids. Dark, bright, combined dark–bright and singular optical solitons are successfully constructed. Under the choice of suitable values of parameters, the two-dimensional, three-dimensional and the contour graphs to some of the acquired results are plotted. The reported results may be useful in explaining the physical meaning of the studied model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the recent advances in microarray technology, simultaneously expressing different levels of genes is possible. Although the representation of confidential information in genes simplifies to analyze them; both high number of genes and high amount of noise in the data sets make difficult to identify the gene data. In order to identify genes various clustering methods are generally used. Microarray data is one of the best examples of multidimensional data. In this study, in order to cluster multidimensional data, new methods for selecting initial cluster centers are proposed for the standard K-means and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based clustering algorithms. Also, coreset approach is adapted for PSO algorithm. The correctness of the developed methods is examined on datasets which are frequently used in the literature, and also these proposed approaches are run on Colon Cancer microarray data set. The performance of the proposed approaches is compared with the standard K-means and PSO-based clustering methods by means of average iteration number, Rand, and Silhouette index metrics. In experimental studies, we observe that proposed methods give superior results on the normalized datasets in which feature selection process is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective cohort analysis compared the developmental competence of cryopreserved day-4 and 5 blastocysts, and investigated the effect of progesterone administration duration on the success of artificial frozen embryo transfers. Between October 2015 and March 2016, 868 intracytoplasmic sperm injection blastocyst cryo-all cycles were carried out, with 586 subsequently undergoing frozen embryo transfer. Of these, 243 were day-5 single blastocyst transfers (SBT) and 152 were day-4 SBT. Day-4 blastocysts were transferred on day-5 progesterone (day-4 group) and day-5 blastocysts were transferred on day-5 (short-protocol day-5 sub-group, n = 104) or day-6 (standard-protocol day-5 sub-group, n = 139) progesterone. Although more blastocysts were transferred in the standard-protocol day-5 sub-group ( P = 0.009), pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were similar to those of the day-4 group, but were significantly lower in the short-protocol day-5 sub-group ( P = 0.004, P = 0.008 and P = 0.02 respectively). For optimal outcomes, day-4 blastulating embryos should be prioritized for transfer on day 5 of progesterone and for day-5 blastocysts, transfer should be delayed by 1 day. The retrospective analysis and lack of adjustment for all known confounding variables limit the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study acquires the wave solutions of the two well-known nonlinear models, namely; the modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and the coupled Klein-Gordon equations. The modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony is a nonlinear model that describes the long surface gravity waves of small amplitude and the coupled Klein-Gordon equation describes the quantized version of the relativistic energy-momentum relation. We successfully acquire some new solutions to these models such as kink-type and soliton solutions in complex hyperbolic functions form. We plot the 3D and 2D surface of the all the obtained solutions in this study. The mathematical approach used in this study is the sine-Gordon expansion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether the time interval between oocyte retrieval and frozen embryo transfer (FET) affected the live birth (LB) rates of human segmented-IVF cycles. Method: A total of 1338 ICSI freeze-all cycles were performed between February 2015 and January 2016, with 1121 FET cycles being retrospectively analyzed. All vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfers were performed in artificial FET cycles, using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist downregulation and oral estrogen endometrial preparation. The primary outcome measure was LB. Cycles were investigated in oocyte retrieval-to-FET interval groups of 32-46, 47-61, 62-76, 77-91, and ≥ 92 days, with the 47-61-day group used as the reference group. Results: There were no significant differences in LB rates between the groups in the overall analysis, as well as, in sub-analyses investigating LB in terms of single blastocyst transfer (SBT), trigger type (GnRH agonist, triggers including hCG), oocyte number (≤ 5 and ≥ 15), and maternal age (> 35 years). Conclusion: The present study showed that it is feasible to perform transfers 36 days after oocyte retrieval and that delaying FET in freeze-all beyond the cycle immediately following oocyte retrieval does not increase LB rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, classical and robust principal component analyses are used to evaluate socioeconomic development of regions of development agencies that give service on the purpose of decreasing development difference among regions in Turkey. Due to the high differences between development levels of regions outlier problem occurs, hence robust statistical methods are used. Also, classical and robust statistical methods are used to investigate if there are any outliers in data set. In classic principal component analyse, the number of observations must be larger than the number of variables. Otherwise determinant of covariance matrix is zero. In Robust method for Principal Component Analysis (ROBPCA), a robust approach to principal component analyse in high-dimensional data, even if the number of variables is larger than the number of observations, principal components are obtained. In this paper, firstly 26 development agencies are evaluated with 19 variables by using principal component analysis based on classical and robust scatter matrices and then these 26 development agencies are evaluated with 46 variables by using the ROBPCA method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study bases attention on new analytical solutions of Phi-four equation. The modified exp (-Ω(ξ)) -expansion function method (MEFM) has been used to obtain analytical solutions of the Phi-four equation. By using this method, dark soliton solutions and trigonometric function solution of the Phi-four equation have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In large-scale transportation problems (TPs), various methods have been developed to obtain an optimal solution. One of the methods is the transportation simplex algorithm (TSA), which obtains an optimal solution for TP. Various heuristic methods have been developed to find an initial basic feasible solution for transportation algorithms. These methods differ in terms of computational cost and finding good initial solution. In TSA, the better the basic feasible solution, the less the number of iterations the algorithm will run. At each step, it uses pivoting operation, where a loop involving the nonbasic variable with the largest cost reduction is determined. Then, it eliminates the entering basic variable. However, for large-scale problems, even the best basic feasible solution may result in high number of iterations. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm called multiloop transportation simplex algorithm which finds multiple independent loops during pivoting operation. This causes larger cost reductions in every iteration. We experimentally show that the average number of iterations and runtime to solve the TP are dramatically reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]