540 results on '"Bullen, C"'
Search Results
2. Nucleolin mediates SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced apoptosis of host cells
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Merino, Vanessa F., Yan, Yu, Ordonez, Alvaro A., Bullen, C. Korin, Lee, Albert, Saeki, Harumi, Ray, Krishanu, Huang, Tao, Jain, Sanjay K., and Pomper, Martin G.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Sulforaphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice
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Ordonez, Alvaro A., Bullen, C. Korin, Villabona-Rueda, Andres F., Thompson, Elizabeth A., Turner, Mitchell L., Merino, Vanessa F., Yan, Yu, Kim, John, Davis, Stephanie L., Komm, Oliver, Powell, Jonathan D., D’Alessio, Franco R., Yolken, Robert H., Jain, Sanjay K., and Jones-Brando, Lorraine
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- 2022
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4. Quantification of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 by the 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose Endpoint Dilution Assay
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Bullen, C. Korin, primary, Davis, Stephanie L., additional, and Looney, Monika M., additional
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- 2022
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5. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for patients with HIV and haematological malignancies: a feasibility study
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Durand, Christine M, Capoferri, Adam A, Redd, Andrew D, Zahurak, Marianna, Rosenbloom, Daniel I S, Cash, Ayla, Avery, Robin K, Bolaños-Meade, Javier, Bollard, Catherine M, Bullen, C Korin, Flexner, Charles, Fuchs, Ephraim J, Gallant, Joel, Gladstone, Doug E, Gocke, Christopher D, Jones, Richard J, Kasamon, Yvette L, Lai, Jun, Levis, Mark, Luznik, Leo, Marr, Kieren A, McHugh, Holly L, Mehta Steinke, Seema, Pham, Paul, Pohlmeyer, Christopher, Pratz, Keith, Shoham, Shmuel, Wagner-Johnston, Nina, Xu, Daniel, Siliciano, Janet D, Quinn, Thomas C, Siliciano, Robert F, and Ambinder, Richard F
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- 2020
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6. Second-generation IL-2 receptor-targeted diphtheria fusion toxin exhibits antitumor activity and synergy with anti–PD-1 in melanoma
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Cheung, Laurene S., Fu, Juan, Kumar, Pankaj, Kumar, Amit, Urbanowski, Michael E., Ihms, Elizabeth A., Parveen, Sadiya, Bullen, C. Korin, Patrick, Garrett J., Harrison, Robert, Murphy, John R., Pardoll, Drew M., and Bishai, William R.
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- 2019
7. MDA5 RNA sensing pathway activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes innate immune subversion and pathogen survival
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Bullen, C. Korin, primary, Singh, Alok K., additional, Krug, Stefanie, additional, Lun, Shichun, additional, Thakur, Preeti, additional, Srikrishna, Geetha, additional, and Bishai, William R., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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8. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
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Theodoulou, A, Chepkin, SC, Ye, W, Fanshawe, TR, Bullen, C, Hartmann-Boyce, J, Livingstone-Banks, JE, Hajizadeh, A, and Lindson, N
- Abstract
Background Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to replace nicotine from cigarettes. This helps to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and ease the transition from cigarette smoking to complete abstinence. Although there is high‐certainty evidence that NRT is effective for achieving long‐term smoking abstinence, it is unclear whether different forms, doses, durations of treatment or timing of use impacts its effects. Objectives To determine the effectiveness and safety of different forms, deliveries, doses, durations and schedules of NRT, for achieving long‐term smoking cessation. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register for papers mentioning NRT in the title, abstract or keywords, most recently in April 2022. Selection criteria We included randomised trials in people motivated to quit, comparing one type of NRT use with another. We excluded studies that did not assess cessation as an outcome, with follow‐up of fewer than six months, and with additional intervention components not matched between arms. Separate reviews cover studies comparing NRT to control, or to other pharmacotherapies. Data collection and analysis We followed standard Cochrane methods. We measured smoking abstinence after at least six months, using the most rigorous definition available. We extracted data on cardiac adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs) and study withdrawals due to treatment. Main results We identified 68 completed studies with 43,327 participants, five of which are new to this update. Most completed studies recruited adults either from the community or from healthcare clinics. We judged 28 of the 68 studies to be at high risk of bias. Restricting the analysis only to those studies at low or unclear risk of bias did not significantly alter results for any comparisons apart from the preloading comparison, which tested the effect of using NRT prior to quit day whilst still smoking. There is high‐certainty evidence that combination NRT (fast‐acting form plus patch) results in higher long‐term quit rates than single form (risk ratio (RR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 1.37; I2 = 12%; 16 studies, 12,169 participants). Moderate‐certainty evidence, limited by imprecision, indicates that 42/44 mg patches are as effective as 21/22 mg (24‐hour) patches (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.29; I2 = 38%; 5 studies, 1655 participants), and that 21 mg patches are more effective than 14 mg (24‐hour) patches (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.08; 1 study, 537 participants). Moderate‐certainty evidence, again limited by imprecision, also suggests a benefit of 25 mg over 15 mg (16‐hour) patches, but the lower limit of the CI encompassed no difference (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.41; I2 = 0%; 3 studies, 3446 participants). Nine studies tested the effect of using NRT prior to quit day (preloading) in comparison to using it from quit day onward. There was moderate‐certainty evidence, limited by risk of bias, of a favourable effect of preloading on abstinence (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.44; I2 = 0%; 9 studies, 4395 participants). High‐certainty evidence from eight studies suggests that using either a form of fast‐acting NRT or a nicotine patch results in similar long‐term quit rates (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.05; I2 = 0%; 8 studies, 3319 participants). We found no clear evidence of an effect of duration of nicotine patch use (low‐certainty evidence); duration of combination NRT use (low‐ and very low‐certainty evidence); or fast‐acting NRT type (very low‐certainty evidence). Cardiac AEs, SAEs and withdrawals due to treatment were all measured variably and infrequently across studies, resulting in low‐ or very low‐certainty evidence for all comparisons. Most comparisons found no clear evidence of an effect on these outcomes, and rates were low overall. More withdrawals due to treatment were reported in people using nasal spray compared to patches in one study (RR 3.47, 95% CI 1.15 to 10.46; 1 study, 922 participants; very low‐certainty evidence) and in people using 42/44 mg patches in comparison to 21/22 mg patches across two studies (RR 4.99, 95% CI 1.60 to 15.50; I2 = 0%; 2 studies, 544 participants; low‐certainty evidence). Authors' conclusions There is high‐certainty evidence that using combination NRT versus single‐form NRT and 4 mg versus 2 mg nicotine gum can result in an increase in the chances of successfully stopping smoking. Due to imprecision, evidence was of moderate certainty for patch dose comparisons. There is some indication that the lower‐dose nicotine patches and gum may be less effective than higher‐dose products. Using a fast‐acting form of NRT, such as gum or lozenge, resulted in similar quit rates to nicotine patches. There is moderate‐certainty evidence that using NRT before quitting may improve quit rates versus using it from quit date only; however, further research is needed to ensure the robustness of this finding. Evidence for the comparative safety and tolerability of different types of NRT use is limited. New studies should ensure that AEs, SAEs and withdrawals due to treatment are reported.
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- 2023
9. E-cigarettes for the management of nicotine addiction
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Knight-West O and Bullen C
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tobacco ,smoking ,nicotine ,electronic cigarettes ,cessation ,addiction ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Oliver Knight-West, Christopher Bullen The National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract: In this review, we discuss current evidence on electronic cigarettes (ECs), a rapidly evolving class of nicotine delivery system, and their role in managing nicotine addiction, specifically in helping smokers to quit smoking and/or reduce the amount of tobacco they smoke. The current evidence base is limited to three randomized trials (only one compares ECs with nicotine replacement therapy) and a growing number of EC user surveys (n=6), case reports (n=4), and cohort studies (n=8). Collectively, these studies suggest modest cessation efficacy and a few adverse effects, at least with the short-term use. On this basis, we provide advice for health care providers on providing balanced information for patients who enquire about ECs. More research, specifically well-conducted large efficacy trials comparing ECs with standard smoking cessation management (eg, nicotine replacement therapy plus behavioral support) and long-term prospective studies for adverse events, are urgently needed to fill critical knowledge gaps on these products. Keywords: tobacco, smoking, nicotine, electronic cigarettes, cessation, addiction
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- 2016
10. Longer-term use of electronic cigarettes when provided as a stop smoking aid: systematic review with meta-analyses
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Butler, AR, Lindson, N, Fanshawe, TR, Theodoulou, A, Begh, R, Hajek, P, McRobbie, H, Bullen, C, Notley, C, Rigotti, NA, and Hartmann-Boyce, J
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Nicotine ,Epidemiology ,Smoking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Tobacco Smoking ,Humans ,Smoking Cessation ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems - Abstract
Moderate certainty evidence supports use of nicotine electronic cigarettes to quit smoking combustible cigarettes. However, there is less certainty regarding how long people continue to use e-cigarettes after smoking cessation attempts. We set out to synthesise data on the proportion of people still using e-cigarettes or other study products at 6 months or longer in studies of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. We updated Cochrane searches (November 2021). For the first time, we meta-analysed prevalence of continued e-cigarette use among individuals allocated to e-cigarette conditions, and among those individuals who had successfully quit smoking. We updated meta-analyses comparing proportions continuing product use among individuals allocated to use nicotine e-cigarettes and other treatments. We included 19 studies (n = 7787). The pooled prevalence of continued e-cigarette use at 6 months or longer was 54% (95% CI: 46% to 61%, I2 86%, N = 1482) in participants assigned to e-cigarette conditions. Of participants who had quit combustible cigarettes overall 70% were still using e-cigarettes at six months or longer (95% CI: 53% to 82%, I2 73%, N = 215). Heterogeneity in direction of effect precluded meta-analysis comparing long-term use of nicotine e-cigarettes with NRT. More people were using nicotine e-cigarettes at longest follow-up compared to non-nicotine e-cigarettes, but CIs included no difference (risk ratio 1.15, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.41, n = 601). The levels of continued e-cigarette use observed may reflect the success of e-cigarettes as a quitting tool. Further research is needed to establish drivers of variation in and implications of continued use of e-cigarettes.
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- 2022
11. Protecting children from taking up smoking: parents' views on what would help
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Marck, K, Glover, M, Kira, A, McCool, J, Scragg, R, Nosa, V, and Bullen, C
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- 2014
12. NEAT (NicotinE As Treatment) Trial: Protocol of a randomised controlled trial of vaporised nicotine products compared with nicotine replacement therapy following discharge from residential withdrawal services
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Bonevski, B, primary, Rich, JL, additional, Skelton, E, additional, Garfield, J, additional, Baker, AL, additional, Segan, C, additional, Gartner, C, additional, Walker, N, additional, Borland, R, additional, Daglish, M, additional, Dunlop, A, additional, Oldmeadow, C, additional, Bauld, L, additional, Bullen, C, additional, Ezard, N, additional, McCrohan, R, additional, Jacka, D, additional, White, S, additional, Lubman, DI, additional, and Manning, V, additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
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13. A Cochrane systematic review of the effectiveness of organisational travel plans: Improving the evidence base for transport decisions
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Macmillan, A.K., Hosking, J., L. Connor, J., Bullen, C., and Ameratunga, S.
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- 2013
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14. Adapting an Evidence-Based e-Learning Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Into a Mobile App for People Experiencing Gambling-Related Problems: Formative Study
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Humphrey, G, Chu, JT, Ruwhiu-Collins, R, Erick-Peleti, S, Dowling, Nicki, Merkouris, Stephanie, Newcombe, D, Rodda, Simone, Ho, E, Nosa, V, Parag, V, Bullen, C, Humphrey, G, Chu, JT, Ruwhiu-Collins, R, Erick-Peleti, S, Dowling, Nicki, Merkouris, Stephanie, Newcombe, D, Rodda, Simone, Ho, E, Nosa, V, Parag, V, and Bullen, C
- Abstract
Background: Many people who experience harm and problems from gambling do not seek treatment from gambling treatment services because of personal and resource barriers. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are widely used across diverse health care areas and populations. However, there are few in the gambling harm field, despite their potential as an additional modality for delivering treatment and support. Objective: This study aims to understand the needs, preferences, and priorities of people experiencing gambling harms and who are potential end users of a cognitive behavioral therapy mHealth intervention to inform design, features, and functions. Methods: Drawing on a mixed methods approach, we used creators and domain experts to review the GAMBLINGLESS web-based program and convert it into an mHealth prototype. Each module was reviewed against the original evidence base to maintain its intended fidelity and conceptual integrity. Early wireframes, design ideas (look, feel, and function), and content examples were developed to initiate discussions with end users. Using a cocreation process with a young adult, a Maori, and a Pasifika peoples group, all with experiences of problem or harmful gambling, we undertook 6 focus groups: 2 cycles per group. In each focus group, participants identified preferences, features, and functions for inclusion in the final design and content of the mHealth intervention. Results: Over 3 months, the GAMBLINGLESS web-based intervention was reviewed and remapped from 4 modules to 6. This revised program is based on the principles underpinning the transtheoretical model, in which it is recognized that some end users will be more ready to change than others. Change is a process that unfolds over time, and a nonlinear progression is common. Different intervention pathways were identified to reflect the end users' stage of change. In all, 2 cycles of focus groups were then conducted, with 30 unique participants (13 Maori, 9 Pasifika, and
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- 2022
15. A framework for considering the utility of models when facing tough decisions in public health: a guideline for policy-makers
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Thompson, J, McClure, R, Scott, N, Hellard, M, Abeysuriya, R, Vidanaarachchi, R, Thwaites, J, Lazarus, J, Lavis, J, Michie, S, Bullen, C, Prokopenko, M, Chang, SL, Cliff, OM, Zachreson, C, Blakely, A, Wilson, T, Ouakrim, DA, Sundararajan, V, Thompson, J, McClure, R, Scott, N, Hellard, M, Abeysuriya, R, Vidanaarachchi, R, Thwaites, J, Lazarus, J, Lavis, J, Michie, S, Bullen, C, Prokopenko, M, Chang, SL, Cliff, OM, Zachreson, C, Blakely, A, Wilson, T, Ouakrim, DA, and Sundararajan, V
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the combined disciplines of public health, infectious disease and policy modelling squarely into the spotlight. Never before have decisions regarding public health measures and their impacts been such a topic of international deliberation, from the level of individuals and communities through to global leaders. Nor have models-developed at rapid pace and often in the absence of complete information-ever been so central to the decision-making process. However, after nearly 3 years of experience with modelling, policy-makers need to be more confident about which models will be most helpful to support them when taking public health decisions, and modellers need to better understand the factors that will lead to successful model adoption and utilization. We present a three-stage framework for achieving these ends.
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- 2022
16. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat
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Lazarus, J. V., Romero, D., Kopka, C. J., Karim, S. A., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Almeida, G., Baptista-Leite, R., Barocas, J. A., Barreto, M. L., Bar-Yam, Y., Bassat, Q., Batista, C., Bazilian, M., Chiou, S. -T., del Rio, C., Dore, G. J., Gao, G. F., Gostin, L. O., Hellard, M., Jimenez, J. L., Kang, G., Lee, N., Maticic, M., Mckee, M., Nsanzimana, S., Oliu-Barton, M., Pradelski, B., Pyzik, O., Rabin, K., Raina, S., Rashid, S. F., Rathe, M., Saenz, R., Singh, S., Trock-Hempler, M., Villapol, S., Yap, P., Binagwaho, A., Kamarulzaman, A., El-Mohandes, A., Barreto, M., Abdulla, S., Addleman, S., Aghayeva, G., Agius, R., Ahmed, M., Ramy, M. A., Aide, P., Aleman, S., Alfred, J. -P., Ali, S., Aliaga, J., Aloudat, T., Alqahtani, S. A., Al-Salman, J., Amuasi, J. H., Agrawal, A., Anwar, W., Araujo-Jorge, T., Artaza, O., Asadi, L., Awuku, Y., Baker, M., Barberia, L., Bascolo, E., Belcher, P., Bell, L., Benzaken, A., Bergholtz, E., Bhadelia, N., Bhan, A., Bilodeau, S., Bitran, R., Bluyssen, P., Bosman, A., Bozza, F. A., Brinkmann, M. M., Brown, A., Mellado, B., Bukusi, E., Bullen, C., Buonanno, G., Burgess, R., Butler, M., Byakika-Kibwika, P., Cabieses, B., Carlsson, G., Cascini, Fidelia, Chabala, C., Chakroun, M., Cheng, K. K., Chetty, A., Chumachenko, D., Consalves, G., Conway Morris, A., Cordie, A., Corrah, T., Crabtree-Ramirez, B., Dashdorj, N., Davidovitch, N., de Souza, L. E., Dhariwal, A. C., Druica, E., Ergonul, O., Erondu, N. A., Essar, M. Y., Ewing, A., Fanjul, G., Feierstein, D., Feigl-Ding, E., Figueroa, R., Figueroa, J. P., Fisher, D., Flores, W., Forero-Pena, D. A., Frumkin, H., Gamkrelidze, A., Gandhi, M., Garcia, P., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Sastre, A., Garg, S., Gbeasor-Komlanvi, F. A., Gershenson, C., Gilada, I., Giovanella, L., Gonzalez, M., Green, M. S., Greenhalgh, T., Griffin, P., Griffin, S., Grinsztejn, B., Anand, T., Guerra, G., Guinto, R., Gujski, M., Guner, R., Hamdy, A., Hancean, M. -G., Haniffa, A., Hartigan-Go, K. Y., Hassan, H. K., Hay, S. I., Heino, M. T. J., Hel, Z., Hotez, P., Hu, J., Hukic, M., Ijsselmuiden, C., Iroko, D., Iskarous, M., Izugbara, C., Jacobs, C., Jadad, A. R., Jehan, F., Jordan, A., Jroundi, I., Kain, K., Kamberi, F., Karamov, E., Karan, A., Katz, R., Katzourakis, A., Kazembe, A., Khamis, F., Khamzayev, K., Khanyola, J., Khunti, K., Kiguli-Malwadde, E., Kim, W. J., Kirenga, B. J., Klimovsky, D., Kmush, B. L., Knaul, F., Kogevinas, M., Kristensen, F., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kvalsvig, A., Lacerda, M. V., Lal, A., Lawton, T., Lemery, J., Leonardi, A. J., Li, Y., Lottvall, J., Lounis, M., Maceira, D., Macintyre, C. R., Madani, A., Magiorkinis, G., Malekzadeh, R., Choisy, M., Marcelin, J. R., Marks, G. B., Marr, L., Marrazzo, J., Martina, A., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Mateos, C., Mayxay, M., Mazarati, J. B., Mboup, S., Mcdonald, J., Mcmillan, F., Mechili, E., Medici, A., Davis, S. L. M., Meier, P., Memish, Z. A., Menon, J., Menon, P., Mesiano-Crookston, J., Michie, S., Mikolasevic, I., Milicevic, O., Mishra, A. K., Mohamed, R., Mokdad, A. H., Monroy-Valle, M., Morawska, L., Moschos, S. A., Motawea, K., Mousavi, S. H., Mumtaz, G., Munene, P. K., Munoz Almagro, C., Muriuki, J., Muyingo, S., Naniche, D., Naylor, C. D., Ndembi, N., Nemec, J., Nesteruk, I., Ngaruiya, C., Nguyen, H., Nikolova, D., Nitzan, D., Norheim, O., Noushad, M., Ntoumi, F., Nyborg, G. A., Ochodo, E., Odabasi, Z., Okwen, M. P., Olivia, K., Ong, D. S. Y., Opara, I., Orozco, M., Oshitani, H., Pagel, C., Pai, M., Palsdottir, B., Papatheodoridis, G., Paraskevis, D., Leigh, J. P., Pecoul, B., Peichl, A., Perez-Then, E., Duc, P. P., Philippe, C., Pineda Rojas, A., Pladsen, C., Pozniak, A., Quiroga, R., Qureshi, H., Rampal, S., Ranney, M., Rathe, L., Ratzan, S., Raventos, H., Rees, H., Reis, R., Ricciardi, Walter, Rizk, N., Robalo, M., Robertson, E., Robinson, L., Rokx, C., Ros, T., Rottingen, J. -A., Rubin, M., Ruxrungtam, K., Sadirova, S., Saha, S., Salgado, N., Sanchez, L., Sangaramoorthy, T., Santamaria-Ulloa, C., Santos, R., Sawaf, B., Schneider, M. F., Schooley, R. T., Sener, A., Sepulveda, J., Shah, J., Shibani, M., Shoib, S., Sikazwe, I., Simaitis, A., Gill, A. S., Skhvitaridze, N., Sokolovic, M., Solomon, R., Solorzano, X., Springer, S. A., Srol, J., Staines, A., Stelfox, H. T., Strathdee, S., Sulaiman, L. H., Sutton, B., Svanaes, D., Swed, S., Sypsa, V., Sorensen, K., Tajudeen, R., Tan, A., Tang, J., Tanner, M., Sethi, T., Temmerman, M., Than, K. K., Tinto, H., Tometissi, S. P., Torres, I., Tshering, K. P., Tsiodras, S., Tsofa, B., Vahlne, A., Vargas, J. R., Bernal, I. D. V., Ventura, D., Vilasanjuan, R., Vipond, J., Wamala-Andersson, S., Wargocki, P., West, R., Weyand, A., White, T. M., Wolff, G., Yao, M., Yates, C. A., Yeboah, G., Yee-Sin, L., Yi, S., Teo, Y. -Y., Yong, P., Zamora-Mesia, V., Ovrehus, A., Cascini F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6499-0734), Ricciardi W. (ORCID:0000-0002-5655-688X), Lazarus, J. V., Romero, D., Kopka, C. J., Karim, S. A., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Almeida, G., Baptista-Leite, R., Barocas, J. A., Barreto, M. L., Bar-Yam, Y., Bassat, Q., Batista, C., Bazilian, M., Chiou, S. -T., del Rio, C., Dore, G. J., Gao, G. F., Gostin, L. O., Hellard, M., Jimenez, J. L., Kang, G., Lee, N., Maticic, M., Mckee, M., Nsanzimana, S., Oliu-Barton, M., Pradelski, B., Pyzik, O., Rabin, K., Raina, S., Rashid, S. F., Rathe, M., Saenz, R., Singh, S., Trock-Hempler, M., Villapol, S., Yap, P., Binagwaho, A., Kamarulzaman, A., El-Mohandes, A., Barreto, M., Abdulla, S., Addleman, S., Aghayeva, G., Agius, R., Ahmed, M., Ramy, M. A., Aide, P., Aleman, S., Alfred, J. -P., Ali, S., Aliaga, J., Aloudat, T., Alqahtani, S. A., Al-Salman, J., Amuasi, J. H., Agrawal, A., Anwar, W., Araujo-Jorge, T., Artaza, O., Asadi, L., Awuku, Y., Baker, M., Barberia, L., Bascolo, E., Belcher, P., Bell, L., Benzaken, A., Bergholtz, E., Bhadelia, N., Bhan, A., Bilodeau, S., Bitran, R., Bluyssen, P., Bosman, A., Bozza, F. A., Brinkmann, M. M., Brown, A., Mellado, B., Bukusi, E., Bullen, C., Buonanno, G., Burgess, R., Butler, M., Byakika-Kibwika, P., Cabieses, B., Carlsson, G., Cascini, Fidelia, Chabala, C., Chakroun, M., Cheng, K. K., Chetty, A., Chumachenko, D., Consalves, G., Conway Morris, A., Cordie, A., Corrah, T., Crabtree-Ramirez, B., Dashdorj, N., Davidovitch, N., de Souza, L. E., Dhariwal, A. C., Druica, E., Ergonul, O., Erondu, N. A., Essar, M. Y., Ewing, A., Fanjul, G., Feierstein, D., Feigl-Ding, E., Figueroa, R., Figueroa, J. P., Fisher, D., Flores, W., Forero-Pena, D. A., Frumkin, H., Gamkrelidze, A., Gandhi, M., Garcia, P., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Garcia-Sastre, A., Garg, S., Gbeasor-Komlanvi, F. A., Gershenson, C., Gilada, I., Giovanella, L., Gonzalez, M., Green, M. S., Greenhalgh, T., Griffin, P., Griffin, S., Grinsztejn, B., Anand, T., Guerra, G., Guinto, R., Gujski, M., Guner, R., Hamdy, A., Hancean, M. -G., Haniffa, A., Hartigan-Go, K. Y., Hassan, H. K., Hay, S. I., Heino, M. T. J., Hel, Z., Hotez, P., Hu, J., Hukic, M., Ijsselmuiden, C., Iroko, D., Iskarous, M., Izugbara, C., Jacobs, C., Jadad, A. R., Jehan, F., Jordan, A., Jroundi, I., Kain, K., Kamberi, F., Karamov, E., Karan, A., Katz, R., Katzourakis, A., Kazembe, A., Khamis, F., Khamzayev, K., Khanyola, J., Khunti, K., Kiguli-Malwadde, E., Kim, W. J., Kirenga, B. J., Klimovsky, D., Kmush, B. L., Knaul, F., Kogevinas, M., Kristensen, F., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kvalsvig, A., Lacerda, M. V., Lal, A., Lawton, T., Lemery, J., Leonardi, A. J., Li, Y., Lottvall, J., Lounis, M., Maceira, D., Macintyre, C. R., Madani, A., Magiorkinis, G., Malekzadeh, R., Choisy, M., Marcelin, J. R., Marks, G. B., Marr, L., Marrazzo, J., Martina, A., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Mateos, C., Mayxay, M., Mazarati, J. B., Mboup, S., Mcdonald, J., Mcmillan, F., Mechili, E., Medici, A., Davis, S. L. M., Meier, P., Memish, Z. A., Menon, J., Menon, P., Mesiano-Crookston, J., Michie, S., Mikolasevic, I., Milicevic, O., Mishra, A. K., Mohamed, R., Mokdad, A. H., Monroy-Valle, M., Morawska, L., Moschos, S. A., Motawea, K., Mousavi, S. H., Mumtaz, G., Munene, P. K., Munoz Almagro, C., Muriuki, J., Muyingo, S., Naniche, D., Naylor, C. D., Ndembi, N., Nemec, J., Nesteruk, I., Ngaruiya, C., Nguyen, H., Nikolova, D., Nitzan, D., Norheim, O., Noushad, M., Ntoumi, F., Nyborg, G. A., Ochodo, E., Odabasi, Z., Okwen, M. P., Olivia, K., Ong, D. S. Y., Opara, I., Orozco, M., Oshitani, H., Pagel, C., Pai, M., Palsdottir, B., Papatheodoridis, G., Paraskevis, D., Leigh, J. P., Pecoul, B., Peichl, A., Perez-Then, E., Duc, P. P., Philippe, C., Pineda Rojas, A., Pladsen, C., Pozniak, A., Quiroga, R., Qureshi, H., Rampal, S., Ranney, M., Rathe, L., Ratzan, S., Raventos, H., Rees, H., Reis, R., Ricciardi, Walter, Rizk, N., Robalo, M., Robertson, E., Robinson, L., Rokx, C., Ros, T., Rottingen, J. -A., Rubin, M., Ruxrungtam, K., Sadirova, S., Saha, S., Salgado, N., Sanchez, L., Sangaramoorthy, T., Santamaria-Ulloa, C., Santos, R., Sawaf, B., Schneider, M. F., Schooley, R. T., Sener, A., Sepulveda, J., Shah, J., Shibani, M., Shoib, S., Sikazwe, I., Simaitis, A., Gill, A. S., Skhvitaridze, N., Sokolovic, M., Solomon, R., Solorzano, X., Springer, S. A., Srol, J., Staines, A., Stelfox, H. T., Strathdee, S., Sulaiman, L. H., Sutton, B., Svanaes, D., Swed, S., Sypsa, V., Sorensen, K., Tajudeen, R., Tan, A., Tang, J., Tanner, M., Sethi, T., Temmerman, M., Than, K. K., Tinto, H., Tometissi, S. P., Torres, I., Tshering, K. P., Tsiodras, S., Tsofa, B., Vahlne, A., Vargas, J. R., Bernal, I. D. V., Ventura, D., Vilasanjuan, R., Vipond, J., Wamala-Andersson, S., Wargocki, P., West, R., Weyand, A., White, T. M., Wolff, G., Yao, M., Yates, C. A., Yeboah, G., Yee-Sin, L., Yi, S., Teo, Y. -Y., Yong, P., Zamora-Mesia, V., Ovrehus, A., Cascini F. (ORCID:0000-0001-6499-0734), and Ricciardi W. (ORCID:0000-0002-5655-688X)
- Abstract
Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic1,2. Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches1, while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach2 that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities3 in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.
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- 2022
17. Ex vivo analysis identifies effective HIV-1 latency-reversing drug combinations
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Laird, Gregory M., Bullen, C. Korin, Rosenbloom, Daniel I.S., Martin, Alyssa R., Hill, Alison L., Durand, Christine M., Siliciano, Janet D., and Siliciano, Robert F.
- Subjects
T cells -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,RNA -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,HIV infection -- Drug therapy -- Research ,Health care industry - Abstract
Reversal of HIV-1 latency by small molecules is a potential cure strategy. This approach will likely require effective drug combinations to achieve high levels of latency reversal. Using resting [CD4.sup.+] T cells (rCD4s) from infected individuals, we developed an experimental and theoretical framework to identify effective latency-reversing agent (LRA) combinations. Utilizing ex vivo assays for intracellular HIV-1 mRNA and virion production, we compared 2-drug combinations of leading candidate LRAs and identified multiple combinations that effectively reverse latency. We showed that protein kinase C agonists in combination with bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 or histone deacetylase inhibitors robustly induce HIV-1 transcription and virus production when directly compared with maximum reactivation by T cell activation. Using the Bliss independence model to quantitate combined drug effects, we demonstrated that these combinations synergize to induce HIV-1 transcription. This robust latency reversal occurred without release of proinflammatory cytokines by rCD4s. To extend the clinical utility of our findings, we applied a mathematical model that estimates in vivo changes in plasma HIV-1 RNA from ex vivo measurements of virus production. Our study reconciles diverse findings from previous studies, establishes a quantitative experimental approach to evaluate combinatorial LRA efficacy, and presents a model to predict in vivo responses to LRAs., Introduction HIV-1 persists in a latent reservoir despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) (1-5). Resting [CD4.sup.+] T cells (rCD4s) that harbor latent proviruses allow little to no HIV-1 gene expression (6), [...]
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- 2015
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18. Dynamic single-cell RNA sequencing reveals BCG vaccination curtails SARS-CoV-2 induced disease severity and lung inflammation
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Singh, Alok K., primary, Wang, Rulin, additional, Lombardo, Kara A., additional, Praharaj, Monali, additional, Bullen, C. Korin, additional, Um, Peter, additional, Davis, Stephanie, additional, Komm, Oliver, additional, Illei, Peter B., additional, Ordonez, Alvaro A, additional, Bahr, Melissa, additional, Huang, Joy, additional, Gupta, Anuj, additional, Psoter, Kevin J., additional, Jain, Sanjay K, additional, Bivalacqua, Trinity J., additional, Yegnasubramanian, Srinivasan, additional, and Bishai, William, additional
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- 2022
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19. A primary CD4+ T cell model of HIV-1 latency established after activation through the T cell receptor and subsequent return to quiescence
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Kim, Michelle, Hosmane, Nina N, Bullen, C Korin, Capoferri, Adam, Yang, Hung-Chih, Siliciano, Janet D, and Siliciano, Robert F
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- 2014
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20. Genome editing of human embryos: to edit or not to edit, that is the question
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Chandrasegaran, Srinivasan, Bullen, C. Korin, and Carroll, Dana
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Gene mutation -- Research ,Nucleases -- Research ,Genomes -- Research ,Embryo -- Research ,Health care industry - Abstract
The powerful tools of genome editing are rapidly making their way toward the clinic. Zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR-Cas have all been used in conjunction with somatic cell therapies, and [...]
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- 2017
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21. The respiratory health effects of nitrogen dioxide in children with asthma
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Gillespie-Bennett, J, Pierse, N, Wickens, K, Crane, J, Howden-Chapman, P, Shields, H, Viggers, H, Free, S, Phipps, Robyn, Fjallstrom, P, Boulic, M, Cunningham, M, Lloyd, B, Cunningham, C, Chapman, Ralph, Bullen, C, and Woodward, A
- Subjects
110299 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology not elsewhere classified ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified ,FOS: Health sciences - Abstract
There is growing evidence that asthma symptoms can be aggravated or events triggered by exposure to indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emitted from unflued gas heating. The impact of NO2 on the respiratory health of children with asthma was explored as a secondary analysis of a randomised community trial, involving 409 households during the winter period in 2006 (June to September). Geometric mean indoor NO2 levels were 11.4 μg·m-3, while outdoor NO2 levels were 7.4 μg·m-3. Higher indoor NO2 levels (per logged unit increase) were associated with greater daily reports of lower (mean ratio 14, 95% CI 1.12-1.16) and upper respiratory tract symptoms (mean ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), more frequent cough and wheeze, and more frequent reliever use during the day, but had no effect on preventer use. Higher indoor NO2 levels (per logged unit increase) were associated with a decrease in morning (-17.25 mL, 95% CI -27.63- -6.68) and evening (-13.21, 95% CI -26.03- -0.38) forced expiratory volume in 1 s readings. Outdoor NO2 was not associated with respiratory tract symptoms, asthma symptoms, medication use or lung function measurements. These findings indicate that reducing NO2 exposure indoors is important in improving the respiratory health of children with asthma. Copyright©ERS 2011.
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- 2022
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22. Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update
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Fischer, B, Robinson, T, Bullen, C, Curran, V, Jutras-Aswad, D, Medina-Mora, ME, Pacula, RL, Rehm, J, Room, Robin, Brink, WVD, and Hall, W
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Uncategorized - Abstract
Background: Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and is associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public health goals. Evidence-based ‘Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines’ (LRCUG) and recommendations were previously developed to reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse health outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed to review new scientific evidence and to develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this evidence basis. Methods: Targeted searches for literature (since 2016) on main risk factors for cannabis-related adverse health outcomes modifiable by the user-individual were conducted. Topical areas were informed by previous LRCUG content and expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused on systematic reviews, supplemented by key individual studies. The review results were evidence-graded, topically organized and narratively summarized; recommendations were developed through an iterative scientific expert consensus development process. Results: A substantial body of modifiable risk factors for cannabis use-related health harms were identified with varying evidence quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters and three precautionary statements were developed. In general, current evidence suggests that individuals can substantially reduce their risk for adverse health outcomes if they delay the onset of cannabis use until after adolescence, avoid the use of high-potency (THC) cannabis products and high-frequency/-intensity of use, and refrain from smoking-routes for administration. While young people are particularly vulnerable to cannabis-related harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those with co-morbidities) are advised to exercise particular caution with use-related risks. Legal/regulated cannabis products should be used where possible. Conclusions: Cannabis use can result in adverse health outcomes, mostly among sub-groups with higher-risk use. Reducing the risk factors identified can help to reduce health harms from use. The LRCUG offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive public health approach for cannabis use. They require effective audience-tailoring and dissemination, regular updating as new evidence become available, and should be evaluated for their impact.
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- 2022
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23. Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: randomised cross-over trial
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Bullen, C, McRobbie, H, Thornley, S, Glover, M, Lin, R, and Laugesen, M
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- 2010
24. Cigarette Fires and Burns in a Population of New Zealand Smokers
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Smith, J., Bullen, C., Laugesen, M., and Glover, M.
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- 2009
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25. Clinical validation of the detection of KRAS and BRAF mutations from circulating tumor DNA
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Bullen, C Korin, Laird, Gregory M., Durand, Christine M., Siliciano, Janet D., and Siliciano, Robert F.
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Gene mutations -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,Tumors -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Research ,Ras genes -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
Assessment of KRAS status is mandatory in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) before applying targeted therapy. We describe here a blinded prospective study to compare KRAS and BRAF mutation [...]
- Published
- 2014
26. New ex vivo approaches distinguish effective and ineffective single agents for reversing HIV-1 latency in vivo
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Bullen, C Korin, Laird, Gregory M., Durand, Christine M., Siliciano, Janet D., and Siliciano, Robert F.
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Research ,HIV infection -- Development and progression -- Drug therapy -- Research ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
HIV-1 persists in a latent reservoir despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) (1-5). This reservoir is the major barrier to HIV-1 eradication (6), (7). Current approaches to purging the latent reservoir involve [...]
- Published
- 2014
27. Allosteric cooperation in ß-lactam binding to a non-classical transpeptidase
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Ahmad, Nazia, primary, Kachhap, Sangita, additional, Chauhan, Varsha, additional, Sharma, Kunal, additional, Juneja, Pallavi, additional, Bullen, C. Korin, additional, Borowski, Tomasz, additional, Bishai, William R., additional, Lamichhane, Gyanu, additional, and Kumar, Pankaj, additional
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- 2021
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28. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and prisoners: the need for research-informed action
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Mccormack, J., Mcginn, V., Marsh, S., Newcombe, D., Bullen, C., and Joanna Ting Wai Chu
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Pregnancy Complications ,Alcoholism ,Biomedical Research ,Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ,Pregnancy ,Prisoners ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,New Zealand - Published
- 2021
29. Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in New Zealand indigenous Māori: A randomized controlled trial
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Walker, N., Smith, B., Barnes, J., Verbiest, M., Parag, V., Pokhrel, S., Wharakura, M., Lees, T., Cubillos Gutierrez, H., Jones, B., Bullen, C., Walker, N., Smith, B., Barnes, J., Verbiest, M., Parag, V., Pokhrel, S., Wharakura, M., Lees, T., Cubillos Gutierrez, H., Jones, B., and Bullen, C.
- Abstract
Aim: To determine whether cytisine was at least as effective as varenicline in supporting smoking abstinence for ≥ 6 months in New Zealand indigenous Māori or whānau (extended-family) of Māori, given the high smoking prevalence in this population. Design: Pragmatic, open-label, randomized, community-based non-inferiority trial. Setting: Bay of Plenty, Tokoroa and Lakes District Health Board regions of New Zealand. Participants: Adult daily smokers who identified as Māori or whānau of Māori, were motivated to quit in the next 2 weeks, were aged ≥ 18 years and were eligible for subsidized varenicline. Recruitment used multi-media advertising. Interventions A total of 679 people were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive a prescription for 12 weeks of cytisine or varenicline, plus low-intensity cessation behavioural support from the prescribing doctor and community stop-smoking services or a research assistant. Day 5 of treatment was the designated quit date. Measurements: The primary outcome was carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence at 6 months, analysed as intention-to-treat (with multiple imputation for missing data). Secondary outcomes measured at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-quit date included: self-reported continuous abstinence, 7-day point prevalence abstinence, cigarettes per day, time to (re)lapse, adverse events, treatment adherence/compliance and acceptability, nicotine withdrawal/urge to smoke and health-care utilization/health-related quality of life. Findings: Verified continuous abstinence rates at 6 months post-quit date were 12.1% (41 of 337) for cytisine versus 7.9% (27 of 342) for varenicline [risk difference 4.29%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.22 to 8.79; relative risk 1.55; 95% CI = 0.97–2.46]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the findings were robust. Self-reported adverse events over 6 months occurred significantly more frequently in the varenicline g
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- 2021
30. Sulforaphane exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses
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Ordonez, Alvaro A., primary, Bullen, C. Korin, additional, Villabona-Rueda, Andres F., additional, Thompson, Elizabeth A., additional, Turner, Mitchell L., additional, Davis, Stephanie L., additional, Komm, Oliver, additional, Powell, Jonathan D., additional, D’Alessio, Franco R., additional, Yolken, Robert H., additional, Jain, Sanjay K., additional, and Jones-Brando, Lorraine, additional
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- 2021
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31. Manaaki - a cognitive behavioral therapy mobile health app to support people experiencing gambling problems: a randomized control trial protocol
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Humphrey, G, Chu, J, Dowling, N, Rodda, S, Merkouris, S, Parag, V, Newcombe, D, Ho, E, Nosa, V, Ruwhui-Collins, R, Whittaker, R, Bullen, C, Humphrey, G, Chu, J, Dowling, N, Rodda, S, Merkouris, S, Parag, V, Newcombe, D, Ho, E, Nosa, V, Ruwhui-Collins, R, Whittaker, R, and Bullen, C
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The low utilisation of current treatment services by people with gambling problems highlights the need to explore new modalities of delivering treatment interventions. This protocol presents the design of a pragmatic randomized control trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered via a mobile app for people with self-reported gambling problems. METHODS: An innovative CBT mobile app, based on Deakin University's GAMBLINGLESS online program, has been adapted with end-users (Manaaki). Six intervention modules have been created. These are interwoven with visual themes to represent a journey of recovery and include attributes such as avatars, videos, and animations to support end-user engagement. An audio facility is used throughout the app to cater for different learning styles. Personalizing the app has been accomplished by using greetings in the participant's language and their name (e.g. Kia ora Tāne) and by creating personalized feedback. A pragmatic, randomized control two-arm single-blind trial, will be conducted in New Zealand. We aim to recruit 284 individuals. Eligible participants are ≥18 years old, seeking help for their gambling, have access to a smartphone capable of downloading an app, able to understand the English language and are willing to provide follow-up information at scheduled time points. Allocation is 1:1, stratified by ethnicity, gender, and gambling symptom severity based on the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS). The intervention group will receive the full mobile cognitive behavioural programme and the waitlist group will receive a simple app that counts down the time left before they have access to the full app and the links to the data collection tools. Data collection for both groups are: baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-weeks post-randomisation. The primary outcome is a change in G-SAS scores. Secondary measures include changes in gambling urges, frequency, expend
- Published
- 2020
32. Nicotine patches with e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: Twitter discussion from a respirology journal club – Authors' reply
- Author
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Walker, N., Parag, V., Verbiest, M. E. A., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., Bullen, C., Walker, N., Parag, V., Verbiest, M. E. A., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., and Bullen, C.
- Published
- 2020
33. Nicotine patches used in combination with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: A pragmatic, randomised trial
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Walker, N., Parag, V., Verbiest, M.E.A., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., Bullen, C., Walker, N., Parag, V., Verbiest, M.E.A., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., and Bullen, C.
- Abstract
Background: Combination nicotine replacement therapy shows additive cessation benefits. We aimed to find out the effectiveness of combining nicotine patches with an e-cigarette (with and without nicotine) on six-month smoking abstinence. Methods: We did a pragmatic, three-arm, parallel-group trial in New Zealand in adult smokers who were e-cigarette naive and motivated to quit smoking. Participants were recruited from the general population using national media advertising. Participants were randomly assigned (1:4:4), with the use of stratified block randomisation, to receive 14 weeks (2 weeks before the agreed quit date) of 21 mg, 24h nicotine patches, patches plus an 18 mg/L nicotine e-cigarette, or patches plus a nicotine-free e-cigarette. We advised participants to use one patch daily, with e-cigarette use as and when necessary or desired. Participants and researchers were masked to e-liquid nicotine content. We offered 6 weeks of telephone-delivered behavioural support. The primary outcome was exhaled carbon monoxide (CO)-verified continuous smoking abstinence 6 months after the agreed quit date. Primary analysis was by intention to treat, with sensitivity analysis by per protocol, treatment adherence, varying CO cutoffs, and complete case analysis. This paper presents the main analyses and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02521662. Findings: Between March 17, 2016 and Nov 30, 2017, 1124 people were assigned to nicotine patches (patches only group, n=125), patches plus a nicotine e-cigarette (patches plus nicotine e-cigarette group, n=500), or patches plus a nicotine-free e-cigarette (patches plus nicotine-free e-cigarette group, n=499). 62 (50%) of 125 participants in the patches only group withdrew or were lost to follow-up by 6 months compared with 161 (32%) of 500 in the patches plus nicotine e-cigarette group and 162 (33%) of 499 in the patches plus nicotine-free e-cigarette group. 35 (7%) participants in the patches
- Published
- 2020
34. Arabinogalactan from the Western larch tree: A new, purified and highly water-soluble polysaccharide-based protecting agent for maintaining precious metal nanoparticles in colloidal suspension
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Mucalo, M. R., Bullen, C. R., Manley-Harris, Merilyn, and McIntire, Theresa M.
- Published
- 2002
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35. Electric arc generated (Bredig) palladium nanoparticles: Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for samples prepared at different pH
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Mucalo, M. R. and Bullen, C. R.
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- 2001
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36. Relative and Quantitative Phosphoproteome Analysis of Macrophages in Response to Infection by Virulent and Avirulent Mycobacteria Reveals a Distinct Role of the Cytosolic RNA Sensor RIG-I in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis
- Author
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Choudhary, Eira, primary, Bullen, C. Korin, additional, Goel, Renu, additional, Singh, Alok Kumar, additional, Praharaj, Monali, additional, Thakur, Preeti, additional, Dhiman, Rohan, additional, Bishai, William R., additional, and Agarwal, Nisheeth, additional
- Published
- 2020
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37. Infectability of Human BrainSphere Neurons Suggests Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2*
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Bullen, C. Korin, primary
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- 2020
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38. After the smoke has cleared: evaluation of the impact of a new national smoke-free law in New Zealand
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Edwards, R, Thomson, G, Wilson, N, Waa, A, Bullen, C, O’Dea, D, Gifford, H, Glover, M, Laugesen, M, and Woodward, A
- Published
- 2008
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39. Mobile phone text messaging and app-based interventions for smoking cessation
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Whittaker, R, McRobbie, H, Bullen, C, Rodgers, A, Gu, Y, Dobson, R, Whittaker, R, McRobbie, H, Bullen, C, Rodgers, A, Gu, Y, and Dobson, R
- Abstract
Background Mobile phone-based smoking cessation support (mCessation) offers the opportunity to provide behavioural support to those who cannot or do not want face-to-face support. In addition, mCessation can be automated and therefore provided affordably even in resource-poor settings. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2006, and previously updated in 2009 and 2012. Objectives To determine whether mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions increase smoking cessation rates in people who smoke. Search methods For this update, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialised Register, along with clinicaltrials.gov and the ICTRP. The date of the most recent searches was 29 October 2018. Selection criteria Participants were smokers of any age. Eligible interventions were those testing any type of predominantly mobile phone-based programme (such as text messages (or smartphone app) for smoking cessation. We included randomised controlled trials with smoking cessation outcomes reported at at least six-month follow-up. Data collection and analysis We used standard methodological procedures described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We performed both study eligibility checks and data extraction in duplicate. We performed meta-analyses of the most stringent measures of abstinence at six months' follow-up or longer, using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects method, pooling studies with similar interventions and similar comparators to calculate risk ratios (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). We conducted analyses including all randomised (with dropouts counted as still smoking) and complete cases only. Main results This review includes 26 studies (33,849 participants). Overall, we judged 13 studies to be at low risk of bias, three at high risk, and the remainder at unclear risk. Settings and recruitment procedures varied across studies, but most studies were conducted in high-inco
- Published
- 2019
40. Reaching cardiovascular prevention guideline targets with a polypill-based approach: A meta-Analysis of randomised clinical trials
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Selak, V, Webster, R, Stepien, S, Bullen, C, Patel, A, Thom, S, Arroll, B, Bots, ML, Brown, A, Crengle, S, Dorairaj, P, Elley, CR, Grobbee, DE, Harwood, M, Hillis, GS, Laba, TL, Neal, B, Peiris, D, Rafter, N, Reid, C, Stanton, A, Tonkin, A, Usherwood, T, Wadham, A, Rodgers, A, Selak, V, Webster, R, Stepien, S, Bullen, C, Patel, A, Thom, S, Arroll, B, Bots, ML, Brown, A, Crengle, S, Dorairaj, P, Elley, CR, Grobbee, DE, Harwood, M, Hillis, GS, Laba, TL, Neal, B, Peiris, D, Rafter, N, Reid, C, Stanton, A, Tonkin, A, Usherwood, T, Wadham, A, and Rodgers, A
- Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of polypill-based care on the achievement of 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline targets for blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and antiplatelet therapy. Methods We conducted an individual participant data meta-Analysis of three randomised clinical trials that compared a strategy using a polypill containing aspirin, statin and antihypertensive therapy with usual care in patients with a prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) event or who were at high risk of their first event. Overall, the trials included 3140 patients from Australia, England, India, Ireland, the Netherlands and New Zealand (75% male, mean age 62 years and 76% with a prior CVD event). The primary outcome for this study was the proportion of people achieving ESC guideline targets for BP, LDL and antiplatelet therapy. Results Those randomised to polypill-based care were more likely than those receiving usual care to achieve recommended targets for BP (62% vs 58%, risk ratio (RR) 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.15), LDL (39% vs 34%, RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25) and all three targets for BP, LDL and adherence to antiplatelet therapy (the latter only applicable to those with a prior CVD event) simultaneously (24% vs 19%, RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.47) at 12 months. There was no difference between groups in antiplatelet adherence (96% vs 96%, RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.01). There was heterogeneity by baseline treatment intensity such that treatment effects increased with the fewer the number of treatments being taken at baseline: for patients taking 3, 2 and 0-1 treatment modalities the RRs for reaching all three guideline goals simultaneously were 1.10 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.30, 22% vs 20%), 1.62 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.42, 27% vs 17%) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.77 to 5.33, 35% vs 11%), respectively. Conclusions Polypill-based therapy significantly improved the achievement of all three ESC targets for BP, LDL and antiplatelet therapy c
- Published
- 2019
41. Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey
- Author
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Ahmad, R, Rarau, P, Pulford, J, Gouda, H, Phuanukoonon, S, Bullen, C, Scragg, R, Bang, NP, McPake, B, Oldenburg, B, Ahmad, R, Rarau, P, Pulford, J, Gouda, H, Phuanukoonon, S, Bullen, C, Scragg, R, Bang, NP, McPake, B, and Oldenburg, B
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are negatively correlated with socio-economic status (SES) in high-income countries (HIC) but there has been little research on their distribution by household SES within low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Considering the limited data from LMICs, this paper examines the association between behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors and household SES in Papua New Guinea (PNG). METHODS: Reported here are results of 671 participants from the 900 randomly selected adults aged 15-65 years. These adults were recruited from three socioeconomically and geographically diverse surveillance sites (peri-urban community, rural Highland and an Island community) in PNG in 2013-2014. We measured their CVD risk factors (behavioural and metabolic) using a modified WHO STEPS risk factor survey and analysis of blood samples. We assessed SES by education, occupation and creating a household wealth index based on household assets. We calculated risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a generalized linear model to assess the associations between risks and SES. FINDINGS: Elevated CVD risk factors were common in all SES groups but the CVD metabolic risk factors were most prevalent among homemakers, peri-urban and rural highlands, and the highest (4th and 5th) wealth quintile population. Adults in the highest wealth quintile had high risks of obesity, elevated HbA1c and metabolic syndrome (MetS) that were greater than those in the lowest quintile although those in the highest wealth quintiles were less likely to smoke tobacco. Compared to people from the Island community, peri-urban residents had increased risks of increased waist circumference (WC) (RR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.21-2.31), hypertension (RR: 2∙29, 95%CI: 1∙89-4.56), high cholesterol (RR: 2∙22, 95%CI: 1∙20-4∙10), high triglycerides (RR: 1∙49, 95%CI: 1∙17-1∙91), elevated HbA1c (RR: 5∙54, 95%CI: 1∙36-21∙56), and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) (RR: 2∙04, 95%C
- Published
- 2019
42. Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey (vol 14, e0211068, 2019)
- Author
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Rarau, P, Pulford, J, Gouda, H, Phuanukoonnon, S, Bullen, C, Scragg, R, Bang, NP, McPake, B, Oldenburg, B, Rarau, P, Pulford, J, Gouda, H, Phuanukoonnon, S, Bullen, C, Scragg, R, Bang, NP, McPake, B, and Oldenburg, B
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211068.].
- Published
- 2019
43. Effectiveness and safety of nicotine patches combined with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- Author
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Walker, N., Verbiest, M., Kurdziel, T., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., Parag, V., Bullen, C., Walker, N., Verbiest, M., Kurdziel, T., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., Parag, V., and Bullen, C.
- Abstract
Introduction: Evidence indicates e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking; however, more confirmatory trials are needed. To date, no trials have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of combining nicotine patches with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation. Methods and analysis: This study is a pragmatic, three-arm, community-based, single-blind, randomised trial undertaken in New Zealand. Eligible participants are daily/non-daily smokers, aged ≥18 years, naive e-cigarette users and motivated to quit smoking in the next 2 weeks. Participants (n=1809), recruited using multi-media advertising, are randomised to 14 weeks of (1) 21 mg nicotine patches (n=201); (2) 21 mg nicotine patches+18 mg/mL nicotine e-cigarette (n=804); or (3) 21 mg nicotine patches+nicotine free e-cigarette (n=804). Participants receive weekly withdrawal-oriented behavioural support calls for 6 weeks post-randomisation. The primary outcome is self-reported biochemically verified continuous abstinence (CA) at 6 months post quit-date. The primary comparison is nicotine patch + nicotine e-cigarette versus nicotine patch + nicotine free e-cigarette, and the secondary comparison is nicotine patch versus nicotine patch +nicotine e-cigarette (90% power, p=0.05, to detect an absolute difference in 6 month CA rates of 8% and 15% respectively). Secondary outcomes, collected by phone interview at quit date, then 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-quit date, include self-reported CA, 7 day point prevalence abstinence, cigarettes per day (if smoking, or when smoking for non-daily smokers), time to relapse (if returned to smoking), belief in ability to quit, use of other cessation support, side effects/serious adverse events, treatment compliance, seeking additional support around e-cigarette use, daily use of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes, use of treatment past 14 weeks, views on treatment and recommendation to others, weight and cost-per-quitter. Ethics and dis
- Published
- 2019
44. Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation for Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) and their extended family: Protocol for a randomized non‐inferiority trial
- Author
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Walker, N., Smith, B., Barnes, J., Verbiest, M. E. A., Kurdziel, T., Parag, V., Pokhrel, S., Bullen, C., Walker, N., Smith, B., Barnes, J., Verbiest, M. E. A., Kurdziel, T., Parag, V., Pokhrel, S., and Bullen, C.
- Abstract
Background and aims Cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist (like varenicline) found in some plants, is a low-cost, effective smoking cessation medication that may appeal to Māori [the indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ)]. The RAUORA trial aims to determine the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of cytisine (Tabex®) versus varenicline (Champix®) for smoking cessation in Māori and the whānau (extended family) of Māori. Design Pragmatic, community-based, open-label randomized non-inferiority trial. Setting Lakes District Health Board region, NZ. Participants Daily smokers (n = 2140) who self-identify as Māori or whānau of Māori, and are: aged ≥ 18 years, motivated to quit smoking in the next 2 weeks, eligible for subsidized varenicline, able to provide verbal consent and have daily access to a mobile phone/internet. Recruitment uses multi-media advertising. Intervention and comparator Participants are randomized (1 : 1 ratio) to receive a prescription for 12 weeks of cytisine tablets [following the manufacturer’s dosing regimen for 25 days, then one 1.5-mg tablet every 6 hours (two per day) until 12 weeks] or varenicline tablets (following the manufacturer’s dosing regimen). Both groups receive brief stop-smoking advice from the prescribing doctor and withdrawal-orientated behavioural support via community-based stop-smoking counselling services (frequency, duration and mode of delivery tailored for participants) or a research assistant (six weekly 10–15- minute calls). Participants are advised to reduce their smoking over the first 4 days of treatment, with day 5 as their designated quit-date. Measurements The primary outcome is carbon monoxide-verified continuous abstinence at 6 months post-quit date. Secondary outcomes at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-quit date include: self-reported continuous abstinence, 7-day point prevalence abstinence, cigarettes per day, time to (re)lapse, adverse
- Published
- 2019
45. Reaching cardiovascular prevention guideline targets with a polypill-based approach: A meta-Analysis of randomised clinical trials
- Author
-
Selak, V., Webster, R., Stepien, S., Bullen, C., Patel, A., Thom, S., Arroll, B., Bots, M., Brown, A., Crengle, S., Dorairaj, P., Elley, C., Grobbee, D., Harwood, M., Hillis, G., Laba, T., Neal, B., Peiris, D., Rafter, N., Reid, Christopher, Stanton, A., Tonkin, A., Usherwood, T., Wadham, A., Rodgers, A., Selak, V., Webster, R., Stepien, S., Bullen, C., Patel, A., Thom, S., Arroll, B., Bots, M., Brown, A., Crengle, S., Dorairaj, P., Elley, C., Grobbee, D., Harwood, M., Hillis, G., Laba, T., Neal, B., Peiris, D., Rafter, N., Reid, Christopher, Stanton, A., Tonkin, A., Usherwood, T., Wadham, A., and Rodgers, A.
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of polypill-based care on the achievement of 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline targets for blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and antiplatelet therapy. Methods: We conducted an individual participant data meta-Analysis of three randomised clinical trials that compared a strategy using a polypill containing aspirin, statin and antihypertensive therapy with usual care in patients with a prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) event or who were at high risk of their first event. Overall, the trials included 3140 patients from Australia, England, India, Ireland, the Netherlands and New Zealand (75% male, mean age 62 years and 76% with a prior CVD event). The primary outcome for this study was the proportion of people achieving ESC guideline targets for BP, LDL and antiplatelet therapy. Results: Those randomised to polypill-based care were more likely than those receiving usual care to achieve recommended targets for BP (62% vs 58%, risk ratio (RR) 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.15), LDL (39% vs 34%, RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25) and all three targets for BP, LDL and adherence to antiplatelet therapy (the latter only applicable to those with a prior CVD event) simultaneously (24% vs 19%, RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.47) at 12 months. There was no difference between groups in antiplatelet adherence (96% vs 96%, RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.01). There was heterogeneity by baseline treatment intensity such that treatment effects increased with the fewer the number of treatments being taken at baseline: for patients taking 3, 2 and 0-1 treatment modalities the RRs for reaching all three guideline goals simultaneously were 1.10 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.30, 22% vs 20%), 1.62 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.42, 27% vs 17%) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.77 to 5.33, 35% vs 11%), respectively. Conclusions: Polypill-based therapy significantly improved the achievement of all three ESC targets for BP, LDL and antiplatelet thera
- Published
- 2019
46. Non-physical fish barrier systems: their development and potential applications to marine ranching
- Author
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Bullen, C. R. and Carlson, T. J.
- Published
- 2003
47. Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) and their extended family: Study protocol for a randomised, non-inferiority trial
- Author
-
Walker, N, Smith, B, Barnes, J, Verbiest, M, Kurdziel, T, Parag, V, Pokhrel, S, and Bullen, C
- Subjects
Non-inferiority ,Effectiveness ,Cytisine, Varenicline ,Safety ,Randomised ,Trial - Abstract
Background and aims: Cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist (like varenicline) found in some plants, is a low-cost, effective smoking cessation medication that may appeal to Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand [NZ]). The RAUORA trial aims to determine the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of cytisine (Tabex®) versus varenicline (Champix®) for smoking cessation in Māori and whānau [extended family] of Māori. Design: Pragmatic, community-based, open-label randomised non-inferiority trial. Setting: Lakes District Health Board region, NZ. Participants: Daily smokers (n=2,140) who self-identify as Māori or whānau of Māori, and are: aged ≥18 years, motivated to quit smoking in the next two weeks, eligible for subsidised varenicline, able to provide verbal consent, and have daily access to a mobile phone/internet. Recruitment uses multi-media advertising. Intervention and comparator: Participants are randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive a prescription for 12-weeks of cytisine tablets (following the manufacturer's dosing regimen for 25 days, then one 1.5mg tablet every six hours [two per day] until 12 weeks) or varenicline tablets (following the manufacturer's dosing regimen). Both groups receive brief stop-smoking advice from the prescribing doctor and withdrawal-oriented behavioural support via community-based stop-smoking counselling services (frequency, duration and mode of delivery tailored for participants) or a research assistant (six weekly 10-15 minute calls). Participants are advised to reduce their smoking over the first four days of treatment, with day five their designated quit-date. Measurements: The primary outcome is carbon-monoxide verified, continuous abstinence at six months post-quit date. Secondary outcomes at one, three, six and 12 months post-quit date include: self-reported continuous abstinence, 7-day point prevalence abstinence, cigarettes per day, time to (re)lapse, adverse events, treatment adherence/compliance, treatment acceptability, nicotine withdrawal/urge to smoke, and healthcare utilisation/health-related quality of life. Comments: This trial compares cytisine and varenicline when used by the indigenous people of NZ and their extended family for smoking cessation.
- Published
- 2018
48. Wearables and the internet of things: considerations for the life and health insurance industry
- Author
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Spender, A., primary, Bullen, C., additional, Altmann-Richer, L., additional, Cripps, J., additional, Duffy, R., additional, Falkous, C., additional, Farrell, M., additional, Horn, T., additional, Wigzell, J., additional, and Yeap, W., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Investigating the Effects of Smoke-free Legislation Changes on Hospital Admissions: A Discussion of Methodological Issues
- Author
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Bullen, C, Jiang, Y, Vander Hoorn, S, and Jackson, G
- Published
- 2006
50. Supermarket Sales Data: Feasibility and Applicability in Population Food and Nutrition Monitoring
- Author
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Tin, ST, Ni Mhurchu, C, and Bullen, C
- Published
- 2006
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