Search

The functional threshold power (FTP) field test is appealing for junior cyclists, but it was never investigated in this age category, and even in adults, there are few data on FTP collected in field conditions. Nine male junior road cyclists (16.9 ± 0.8 years) performed laboratory determination of maximal aerobic power (MAP), 4-mM lactate threshold (P4mM), critical power (CP), and the curvature constant (W′), plus a field determination of FTP as 95% of the average power output during a 20-minute time trial in an uphill road. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Outdoor FTP (269 ± 34 W) was significantly higher than CP (236 ± 24 W) and P4mM (233 ± 23 W). The VO2peak of the field FTP test (66.9 ± 4.4 ml·kg−1·min−1) was significantly higher than the VO2peak assessed in the laboratory (62.7 ± 3.7 ml·kg−1·min−1). Functional threshold power was correlated, in descending order, with MAP (r = 0.95), P4mM (r = 0.94), outdoor and indoor VO2 peak (r = 0.93 and 0.93, respectively), CP (r = 0.84), and W′ (r = 0.66). It follows that in junior road cyclists, the FTP field test was feasible and related primarily to aerobic endurance parameters and secondarily, but notably, to W′. However, the FTP field test significantly exceeded all laboratory performance tests. When translating laboratory results to outdoor uphill conditions, coaches and sport scientists should consider this discrepancy, which may be particularly enhanced in this cycling age category.

INTRODUCTION: Music is associated with improved physical performance in a wide range of activities. When music is used during physical activity, it can elicit positive emotions and distract athletes from unpleasant feelings associated with physical exertion and fatigue(1). Some evidence shows no effect of time of day on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during aerobic performances(2). The aim of this study was to test the influence of self-selected motivational music, and time of training on RPE during a cycling exercise at moderate and vigorous intensity. METHODS: Forty-seven university students were recruited: 24 males and 23 females (age 22.6±2.4 yrs; BMI 21.9±2.7 kg/m2; V’O2max 39.3±7.6 mlO2/kg/min). All subjects performed four randomized training sessions at two different times of day, with and without self-selected motivational music(3): two sessions in the morning from 8:30 am to 9:30 am (MO+M; MO-M) and two sessions in the evening from 5:30 pm to 6:30 pm (EV+M; EV-M). Each training session included 6 min of cycling at constant load at 60% of V’O2max (MOD), interspersed by a 10-min break, and at 90% (VIG) of V’O2max, estimated from a submaximal direct test. At the end of each 6-min bout, CR10 Borg’s scale(4) was administrated to rate fatigue. RESULTS: RPE was significantly influenced by music, indeed it decreased during exercise performed with self-selected motivational music both at MOD (MO+M: 2.3±1.2; MO-M: 2.6±1.3; EV+M: 2.2±1.1; EV-M: 2.5±1.3; p=0.025) and VIG (MO+M: 6.1±2.0; MO-M: 6.8±1.9; EV+M: 6.5±2.1; EV-M: 6.7±2.0; p=0.001) intensity, regardless of gender. Conversely, time of day did not influence RPE neither at MOD nor at VIG intensity, in both gender. CONCLUSION: This research, taking into account both the influence of music and of time of day, confirms previous find-ings of a positive effect of motivational music(5) and no influence of time of day(2) on RPE. Exercisers are advised to listen to self-selected motivational music while training

Purpose: For a proper exercise (EX) prescription, it is necessary to consider the individual needs, such as the effect of regular training at a specific time of day1 or of listening to music while exercising2. The evidence regarding the combined effect of music at different times of the day do not seem to be sufficiently investigated. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects induced by music listened during the aerobic exercise on oxygen consumption (mV_O2), in males and females, in two different intensity domains (moderate and vigorous), at two different times of day (morning and evening). Methods: Forty university students were recruited: 20 males and 20 females (age 22.7 ± 2.6 yrs; BMI 21.8 ± 2.5 kg m-2; mV_O2max 39.7 ± 7.9 mL kg-1 min-1). All subjects performed 4 training sessions at two different times of day, with and without self- selected motivational music3: 2 in the morning from 8:30 to 9:30 am (MO ? M, MO-M) and 2 in the evening from 17:30 to 18:30 pm (EV ? M, EV-M). Each training session included 6 min of cycling at constant load corresponding to 60% (MOD) and 90% (VIG) of mV_O2max, interspersed with 10 min of recovery. The mV_O2 was continuously monitored, obtaining data averaged every 30 s (Fitmate, Cosmed, Italy). Results: At the end of MOD EX, females, regardless of listening to music, obtained lower mV_O2 in the evening (p = 0.03) (EV ? M 1192.0 ± 236.6 and EV-M 1203.4 ± 252.5 vs MO ? M 1232.1 ± 284.3 and MO-M 1216.5 ± 249.5 mL min-1, respectively); males attained lower VO2 while listening to music only in the evening (p = 0.04) (EV ? M 1876.7 ± 283.5 and EV-M 1915,7 ± 313,4 vs MO ? M 1896.8 ± 302.7 and MO-M 1867.7±316.7 mL min-1, respectively). At the end of VIG EX, regardless of listening to music, only females showed lower mV_O2 in the evening (p = 0.02) (EV ? M 1946.2 ± 390.6 and EV-M 1980.7 ± 464.4 vs MO ? M 1985.9 ± 453.3 and MO-M 1985.7±422.8 mL min-1, respectively). Conclusions: Regardless of listening to music, during both MOD

INTRODUCTION: Thoracic hyperkyphosis is one of the most common postural disorders (Garoflid, 2000) identified with a rounded back and shoulders forward (Vaughn, 2007) that could be developed during adolescence (Kamaci, 2015). Young basketball players have a high level of endurance demand, often overloading the biological tissues and causing biome- chanical compensations (Guedes, 2014). Due to the immaturity of their musculoskeletal structures, those consequences may influence the growth process and lead to the development of various postural patterns (Grabara, 2014). The following study aims to verify if the use of a corrective program could prevent postural disorders in young basketball athletes. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy male adolescents basketball players took part in the study: fourteen in the experimental (EXP) group (15.3±1.1yrs; 65.9±9.1 kg; 182.5±6.2 cm) and fourteen in the control (CTRL) group (15.4±1.3 yrs; 73.9±6 kg; 180.8±7.5 cm). Both groups were assessed with a postural screening test in order to find any postural issues and subjects were screened with manual inclinometers and plumb line (Kendall, 2005). At baseline (PRE) and post 8 weeks of training (POST), Dorsal Kyphosis grades (DK), Forward Head Posture grades (FHP), Forward Shoulder Position anteposition (FSP), and Push-Pull ratio (PPratio) have been evaluated. The training program was structured with three parts: the first with mobility exercises for the upper joints, the second with analytical exercises for the shoulder musculature, and a third with integrated exercises for the upper musculature. RESULTS: In the EXP group, DK (PRE 45.8±5.3°; POST: 36.1±7°), FHP (PRE: 12.9±5.6°; POST: 3.3±3.4°), FSP (PRE: 12.9±1.5 cm; POST: 11.1±1.4 cm), and PPratio (PRE: 2.73±1.24; POST: 1.54±0.34) were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by training. In the CTRL group, there weren’t any significant changes in the data except for the FSP (PRE: 12.3±1.3 cm; POST: 13.1±1.6 cm) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our dat

We hypothesised that vagal withdrawal and increased venous return interact in determining the rapid cardiac output (CO) response (phase I) at exercise onset. We used lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to increase blood distribution to the heart by muscle pump action and reduce resting vagal activity. We expected a larger increase in stroke volume (SV) and smaller for heart rate (HR) at progressively stronger LBNP levels, therefore CO response would remain unchanged. To this aim ten young, healthy males performed a 50 W exercise in supine position at 0 (Control), -15, -30 and -45 mmHg LBNP exposure. On single beat basis, we measured HR, SV, and CO. Oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath. Phase I response amplitudes were obtained applying an exponential model. LBNP increased SV response amplitude threefold from Control to -45 mmHg. HR response amplitude tended to decrease and prevented changes in CO response. The rapid response of CO explained that of oxygen uptake. The rapid SV kinetics at exercise onset is compatible with an increased venous return, whereas the vagal withdrawal conjecture cannot be dismissed for HR. The rapid CO response may indeed be the result of two independent yet parallel mechanisms, one acting on SV, the other on HR.

Background: Exercise has beneficial effects on older adults, but controversy surrounds the purported "compensatory effects" that training may have on total daily physical activity and energy expenditure in the elderly. We wanted to determine whether 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induced such effects on physical activity and energy expenditure in healthy, active older adult men. Methods: Twenty-four healthy elderly male volunteers were randomized to two groups. The experimental group performed HIIT (7 x 2 min cycling repetitions, 3 d/w); the control group performed continuous moderate-intensity training (20-30 min cycling, 3 d/w). Physical activity and energy expenditure were measured with a multisensor activity monitor SenseWear Armband Mini. Results: During HIIT, significant changes were observed in moderate and vigorous physical activity, average daily metabolic equivalents (METs), physical activity level, and activity energy expenditure (p < 0.05) but not in total energy expenditure. Sleep and sedentary time, and levels of light physical activity remained constant during the training period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that HIIT induced no compensatory effect: HIIT does not adversely affect lifestyle, as it does not reduce daily energy expenditure and/or increase sedentary time.

The use of nicotine administered through smokeless tobacco (snus) has increased among athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ergogenic effects of snus on aerobic performance during exercise until exhaustion in athletes after abstinence or satiety nicotine conditions. The study utilized a randomized, controlled, within-subject design experiment. Sixteen male snus-user athletes completed an exercise until exhaustion at a constant load of their 80% of VO2max (calculated by a maximal incremental test) in two separate sessions, corresponding to nicotine conditions: 12-hour overnight abstinence and satiety. A portion of 1 g of snus (similar to 8 mg/g of nicotine) was administered 25 minutes before each experimental test. In each session, time to exhaustion (TTE), global rating of perceived exertion, cardiovascular and metabolic responses, and muscle and cerebral oxygenation were measured. Nicotine and cotinine analysis confirmed session conditions (abstinence or satiety). Snus induced a significant increase (+13.1%) of TTE following abstinence (24.1 +/- 10.7 minutes) compared to satiety condition (20.9 +/- 8.0 minutes; P = 0.0131). The baseline values revealed that abstinence of snus induced significant increase in the oxygenation of the muscular tissues (+4%), in metabolic values and in cardiovascular parameters, when compared to satiety condition. Our results indicate an increase of exercise performance (+13.1% TTE) due to snus administration in an abstinence condition. Considering that twelve hours of abstinence from snus-contained nicotine affected metabolic, cardiovascular and muscular tissue oxygenation, we suggest that snus administration at test time might relieve these withdrawal changes and yield an increase in time to exhaustion.

The purpose of this study was to assess metabolic and kinematic parameters (contact and flight time, step length and frequency) while walking at the preferred speed (1.44 +/- 0.22 m center dot s(-1)) and while performing an incremental running test (up to exhaustion) on a motorised treadmill (MT) and on a curved non-motorised treadmill (CNMT). Twenty-five volunteers (24.1 +/- 3.4 years; 64.7 +/- 11.2 kg) participated in the study. Maximal running speed on MT was significantly larger (P < 0.001) than on CNMT (4.31 +/- 0.50 vs. 3.75 +/- 0.39 m center dot s(-1)) but no differences in heart rate or oxygen uptake were observed at this speed. The energy cost of walking (C-w) and running (C-r) were significantly greater (P < 0.001) on CNMT than on MT (37 and 17%, respectively). No major differences in kinematic parameters were observed at paired, submaximal, running speeds (2.22-3.89 m center dot s(-1)) but was systematically larger in CNMT (of about 340 ml center dot min(-1) center dot kg(-1)). This systematic difference can be expressed in terms of a larger "equivalent speed" on CNMT (of about 0.42 m center dot s(-1)) and should be attributed to factors other than the kinematic ones, such as the belt characteristics (e.g. friction, type of surface and curvature).

We compared the effects of aerobic high-intensity training (HIT) and isoinertial resistance training (IRT) on the strength, mass, architecture, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) quality, and neuromuscular activation of the quadriceps in elderly subjects. Twelve healthy men (69.3 +/- 4.2 years; 77.8 +/- 10.4 kg; 1.72 +/- 0.05 m) were exposed to 8 weeks of HIT (7 x 2-min cycling repetitions at 90% of (V) over dotO(2peak), 3 times/week) and, after 4 months (detraining), to IRT (4 x 7 maximal concentric-eccentric knee extensions, 3 times/week). Before and after trainings, we measured knee extension isometric (T-MVC) and dynamic (T-C) maximal concentric torque, anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) at 25, 50, and 75% of femur length, quadriceps volume (Vol), IMAT, pennation angle (theta(p)) of the fibers from the vastus lateralis, and voluntary activation (¬t). T-MVC and T-C were significantly larger only after IRT (P = 0.008); IRT was able to elicit a greater increase of ACSA than HIT; Vol increases similarly and significantly after HIT and IRT (P = 0.003-0.001); IMAT at 50% of femur length decreased after both HIT and IRT (P = 0.001-0.003); physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was larger after IRT than before (P = 0.025); specific torque did not change throughout the study (45.5 N cm(-2) +/- 12.0); ¬t of the quadriceps was significantly affected only by IRT (P = 0.011). Both HIT and IRT are able to elicit beneficial modifications of muscular mass, architecture, and quality (reducing IMAT) in elderly subjects in connection with an amelioration of strength. HIT and IRT caused a homogeneous increase of ACSA and of Vol of the quadriceps. PCSA increases, but specific strength per unit of PCSA did not change. The increases of functional torque seemed to be attributed to a parallel increase of ¬t and muscle hypertrophy only after IRT. Data suggest that IMAT may be a prominent indicator to track metabolic-dependent activity and skeletal muscle quality.

Background: Smokeless tobacco is widely used by athletes to enhance performance. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts on cardiocirculatory and metabolic systems, involving tissue blood flow and circulatory vasoreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral smokeless tobacco (Swedish snus (SS)) on the perception of fatigue and time to exhaustion (TTE) during moderate -intensity aerobic exercise.Methods: Fourteen healthy non-tobacco male users were recruited for a double-blind, controlled crossover design (SS vs. snus placebo (SP)). Subjects were tested for 3 sessions: experimental session 1 (Expl) consisted of an incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power output (W-max), whereas Exp2 and Exp3 consisted of exercising at 65%W-max until exhaustion in SS or SP conditions. During Exp2 and Exp3, muscle and cerebral oxygenation was assessed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded.Results: Comparing SS with SP tests, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the values of cerebral (similar to 3%) and muscular tissues oxygenation (similar to 4%) in the first 30 min of exercise. The RPE values were not significantly different between the 2 conditions (SS vs. SP). No significant difference was found in TTE (SS: 54.25 +/- 21.84 min; SP: 50.01 +/- 17.03 min).Conclusion: This study showed that muscular and cerebral oxygenation increased significantly with snus administration during an endurance exercise until exhaustion, but this did not affect fatigue perception and TTE. The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

We compared the effects of 8 weeks of high intensity, aerobic interval training (HIT) and isoinertial resistance training (IR7) on: (i) (V) over dotO(2) kinetics during heavy (HiEx) intensity exercise and; (ii) work economy during moderate (ModEx) intensity exercise in 12 healthy elderly men (69.3 +/- 4.2 years). Breath-by-breath (V) over dotO(2) and muscle deoxygenation ([HHb] by means of NIRS) were measured in HiEx and ModEx at identical workloads before and after trainings. In HiEx, (V) over dotO(2) and HHb responses were modeled as tri-exponential and mono-exponential increasing functions, respectively. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measures analysis was made; Effect size (eta(2)) was also evaluated. After HIT the amplitude and the time delay of the slow component of O-2 uptake ((V) over dotO(2sc)) during HiEx were smaller (-32%; P = 0.045) and longer (+19.5%; P = 0.001), respectively. At Post IRT: (i) during ModEx, gain was lower (-5%; P = 0.050); (ii) during HiEx, tau(2) (+14.4%; P = 0.050), d(3) (+8.6%; P = 0.050), and tau(3) (+17.2%; P = 0.050) were longer than at Pre IRT. After HIT, the decrease of the (V) over dotO(2sc) amplitude was likely induced by the beneficial effects of training on a more responsive O-2 delivery and consumption cascade leading to a better muscle metabolic stability. IRT training was able to increase exercise economy during ModEx and to reduce the amplitude and delay the onset of (V) over dotO(2sc) during HiEx. These effects should be due to the reduction and the delayed recruitment of Type II muscle fibers. The better exercise economy and the delayed appearance of (V) over dotO(2sc) induced by IRT suggests that strength training might be included in endurance training programs to improve exercise economy and resistance to fatigue in this population of old subjects.

Il baskin è un nuovo sport che si ispira al basket e permette di far giocare contemporaneamente persone con e senza disabilità, maschi e femmine, in virtù di nuove regole e nuove strutture. Il modello funzionale di uno sport è tanto più importante quanto più si vuole rendere qualificata la metodologia d’allenamento. Scopo del presente studio è stato quello di creare un modello prestativo per i soggetti in ruolo 5. Cinque soggetti maschi (età 16,8±2.7 aa; BMI 22,6±2,4 kg/m2; VO2max 65,5±6,8 mlO2/kg/min; FCmax 196±1,9 bpm) praticanti baskin e basket, sono stati analizzati. Ogni soggetto è stato monitorato durante le partite di campionato di baskin e di basket per 30’ con l’Actiheart (CamNtech) da cui è stato possibile estrapolare la frequenza cardiaca (FC) di picco e media e il consumo di ossigeno (VO2) di picco e medio. I soggetti sono stati anche monitorati durante 30’ di allenamento di baskin e di basket con calorimetria indiretta (K4b2) per ricavare le correlazioni individuali FC/VO2 nelle reali condizioni di gioco. Tale relazione è stata utilizzata per estrapolare il VO2 dalla FC durante le partite. A compimento è stata effettuata l’analisi di una partita non di campionato di baskin con il GPS (MinimaxX Catapult Innovations), da cui sono stati ricavati i metri percorsi e la velocità media tenuta dai soggetti. Il VO2 e la FC medi e di picco, durante le partite di campionato di baskin e di basket, sono risultati comparabili tra loro. I picchi di FC raggiunti durante il gioco sono stati di 190±8,1 bpm (97±4,8% FCmax teorica). I valori medi su cui le partite si sono tenute sono di 139±20,8 bpm (71±10,9% FCmax). Durante le partite si è raggiunto il valore di VO2 di picco di 62,7±10,5 mLO2/kg/min (95.2±8,5% VO2max). Il VO2 medio è stato di 29±10 mLO2/kg/min (44±15,6% VO2max). Dalla valutazione delle partite di baskin con GPS si conferma la natura alternata della disciplina: tempi di corsa ad intensità più e meno elevate durante tutto l’arco della gara.

In canottieri l’allenamento HIIT secondo il modello Tabata risulta più efficace nel migliorare la massima potenza aerobica rispetto ad un allenamento tradizionale.

The cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to sinusoidal exercise, in which work rate follows an oscillating pattern, have been proposed to assess the effectiveness of the cardiorespiratory adjustments. The repetition of successive sinusoidal periods permits to simultaneously reduce the influence of random fluctuations and accentuate the underlying physiological response. Data analysis has been often performed by overlapping and averaging successive cycles assuming no differences among them, thus excluding the possible presence of fatigue throughout successive cycles. After assessing the reliability of the measurements during sinusoidal exercise, this study sought to investigate the possible differences among subsequent cycles of sinusoidal work. Eleven active volunteers (age: 28±6 yrs., body mass: 73±7 kg; stature: 1.79±0.06 m, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max): 52 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated to the study that was conducted in accordance with the Basic Principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. After determining individual VO2max and critical power (CP) on a cycle ergometer, they underwent sinusoidal work rates characterized by an amplitude (A), a midpoint (MP) and a period equal to ±50W, 50W below CP and 240s, respectively, up to exhaustion. On a different day, participants repeated the same experimental session for reliability purposes. Expiratory ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and heart rate (fH) responses were fitted by the sinewave function that minimized the residuals. A, MP and the time-delay (tD, the latency between mechanical work rate and physiological responses) of all parameters were determined for each cycle. Reliability assessment between day 1 and 2 was expressed as Cronbach’s a and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A one-way ANOVA for repeated measures tested the presence of differences among cycles. Regression analysis was also applied to explore possible relationship between each variables and time. Re

The availability of reliable biomarkers of aging is important not only to monitor the effect of interventions and predict the timing of pathologies associated with aging but also to understand the mechanisms and devise appropriate countermeasures. Blood cells provide an easily available tissue and gene expression profiles from whole blood samples appear to mirror disease states and some aspects of the aging process itself. We report here a microarray analysis of whole blood samples from two cohorts of healthy adult and elderly subjects, aged 43 +/- 3 and 68 +/- 4 years, respectively, to monitor gene expression changes in the initial phase of the senescence process. A number of significant changes were found in the elderly compared to the adult group, including decreased levels of transcripts coding for components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which correlate with a parallel decline in the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max), as monitored in the same subjects. In addition, blood cells show age-related changes in the expression of several markers of immunosenescence, inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings support the notion that the immune system has a major role in tissue homeostasis and repair, which appears to be impaired since early stages of the aging process.

We investigated the effect of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIT) and isoinertial resistance training (IRT) on cardiovascular fitness, muscle mass-strength and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in 12 healthy older adults (68 yy +/- 4). HIT consisted in 7 two-minute repetitions at 80%-90% of VO2max, 3 times/w. After 4 months of recovery, subjects were treated with IRT, which included 4 sets of 7 maximal, bilateral knee extensions/flexions 3 times/w on a leg-press flywheel ergometer. HIT elicited significant: i) modifications of selected anthropometrical features; ii) improvements of cardiovascular fitness and; iii) decrease of systolic pressure. HIT and IRT induced hypertrophy of the quadriceps muscle, which, however, was paralleled by significant increases in strength only after IRT. Neither HIT nor IRT induced relevant changes in blood lipid profile, with the exception of a decrease of LDL and CHO after IRT. Physiological parameters related with aerobic fitness and selected body composition values predicting cardiovascular risk remained stable during detraining and, after IRT, they were complemented by substantial increase of muscle strength, leading to further improvements of quality of life of the subjects.

Baskin is a new sport, inspired by basketball, but with modified rules that allow anyone, people with and without disabilities, male and female, to take part in the game in a meaningful way. The functional model of basketball has been particularly studied; on the contrary physiological qualities of baskin players is currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to verify the actual energy expenditure of baskin players (role 5). Five male subjects (age 16.8±2.7 y, BMI 22.6±2.4 kg/m2; VO2max 65.5±6.8 mLO2/kg/min; HRmax 196±1.9 bpm), participating to both basketball and baskin championships, volunteered to participate in the study. Each subject was monitored during the championship games for 30’ with the Actiheart (CamNtech, Papworth Everard, UK) from which mean and peak heart rate (HR) were measured allowing the extrapolation of mean and peak oxygen consumption (VO2). Subjects were also monitored with indirect calorimetry (K4b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) during 30’ of both baskin and basketball training sessions, to derive the individual relationship HR/VO2 under real game conditions. This relationship was used to extrapolate the VO2 from HR values during the championship matches. Moreover, 2 players were analyzed during a simulated baskin match during which the physical demands have been evaluated using a Global Positioning System (GPS, MinimaxX Catapult Innovations, Melbourne, Australia). The mean and peak VO2 and HR during the championship matches of baskin and basketball were comparable. The peak and mean HR achieved during the baskin game were 190±8.1 bpm (97±4.8% HRmax) and 139±20.8 bpm (71±10.9% HRmax), respectively. The peak and mean VO2 values were 62.7.±10.5 mLO2/kg/min (95.2±8.5% VO2max) and 29±10 mLO2/kg/min (44±15.6% VO2max), respectively. GPS data confirm the alternating nature of the discipline: performed exercises vary from low-intensity running and walking to all-out sprints. From this study it can be concluded that baskin is, as basketball