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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Este trabalho tem dois principais objetivos, o primeiro consiste em apresentar uma classificação de superfícies algébricas 3-regradas e 4-regradas em P4. O segundo obetivo é apresentar avanços acerca da obtenção de superfícies algébricas racionais que podem ser mergulhadas isomorficamente em P4. The aim of this work is to present a classification of the rational algebraic surfaces 3-ruled and 4-ruled that are embedded in P4. The other aim of this work concerns on advances in research of the rational algebraic surfaces that can be embedded in P4.

Sexualität begann als ein positiver Bereich menschlichen Handelns zu sehen, in diesem Zusammenhang begann sie, Sexualerziehung zu schätzen und diskussionen über ihre Bedeutung zu führen. Ziel dieses Artikels war es, das Wissen über Formen der Ansteckung und Prävention von STI zu analysieren. Diese Studie wurde an 03 staatlichen Schulen der Grund- und Sekundarstufe durchgeführt. Die Stichprobe bestand aus 287 Schülern, die bis zum 3. Schuljahr regelmäßig in diesen Schulen für die 8. Klasse/7. Klasse der Grundschule eingeschrieben waren. In dieser Studie wurden Daten über Geschlecht, Alter, Familienstand, Bildung und andere Daten erhoben. Die meisten Teilnehmer hatten bereits Kontakt mit dem Begriff STI; sie hat jedoch immer noch Überzeugungen über ihre Übertragungsformen. Es ist notwendig, Sexualität mit einem natürlicheren und positiveren Aspekt des menschlichen Lebens zu nähern, indem die freie Diskussion von Normen und Verhaltensmustern und die Debatte von Einstellungen zur Verfügung gestellt werden.

Сексуальность стала рассматриваться как позитивный размах человеческого действия, в этом контексте она стала ценить сексуальное воспитание, поднимая дискуссии о его важности. Целью данной статьи был анализ знаний о формах заражения и профилактики ИППП. Это исследование проводилось в 03 государственных школах начального и среднего уровня. Выборка состояла из 287 учащихся, регулярно обучающихся в этих школах, охватывающих 8-й класс/ 7-й класс начальной школы до 3-го года средней школы. В этом исследовании были собраны данные о поле, возрасте, семейном положении, образовании и других лицах. Большинство участников уже имели контакт с термином ИППП; однако она по-прежнему имеет представления о своих формах передачи инфекции. Необходимо подходить к сексуальности с более естественным и позитивным аспектом человеческой жизни, обеспечивая свободное обсуждение норм и моделей поведения и обсуждение подходов.

A sexualidade passou a ser vista como um âmbito positivo da atuação humana, nesse contexto, passou-se a valorizar a educação sexual, levantando discussões sobre sua importância. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar conhecimentos sobre formas de contágio e prevenção de IST. Este estudo foi realizado em 03 escolas estaduais de nível fundamental e médio. A amostra foi constituída de 287 alunos regularmente matriculados nas referidas escolas abrangendo do 8º ano/ 7a série do ensino fundamental até o 3º ano do ensino médio. Dados acerca do gênero, idade, estado civil, escolaridade e outros foram levantados nesta pesquisa. A maior parte dos participantes já teve contato com o termo IST; contudo, ainda possui crenças sobre suas formas de transmissão. Existe a necessidade de abordar a sexualidade com um aspecto mais natural e positivo da vida humana, proporcionando a livre discussão de normas e padrões de comportamento e o debate das atitudes.

La sexualité a commencé à être considérée comme une portée positive de l’action humaine, dans ce contexte, elle a commencé à valoriser l’éducation sexuelle, soulevant des discussions sur son importance. Le but de cet article était d’analyser les connaissances sur les formes de contagion et la prévention des IST. Cette étude a été menée dans 03 écoles publiques de niveau élémentaire et secondaire. L’échantillon se composait de 287 élèves inscrits régulièrement dans ces écoles couvrant la 8e année / 7e année de l’école primaire jusqu’à la 3e année de l’école secondaire. Des données sur le sexe, l’âge, l’état matrimonial, le niveau de scolarité et d’autres ont été recueillies dans le cadre de la présente étude. La plupart des participants ont déjà été en contact avec le terme IST; cependant, il a encore des croyances sur ses formes de transmission. Il est nécessaire d’aborder la sexualité avec un aspect plus naturel et positif de la vie humaine, en fournissant la libre discussion des normes et des modèles de comportement et le débat sur les attitudes.

La sexualidad comenzó a ser vista como un ámbito positivo de la acción humana, en este contexto, comenzó a valorar la educación sexual, planteando discusiones sobre su importancia. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el conocimiento sobre las formas de contagio y la prevención de las ITS. Este estudio se realizó en 03 escuelas estatales de nivel primario y secundario. La muestra estuvo constituida por 287 estudiantes matriculados regularmente en estas escuelas que abarcaban el 8º grado/ 7º grado de la escuela primaria hasta el 3º año de secundaria. En este estudio se recogieron datos sobre sexo, edad, estado civil, educación y otros. La mayoría de los participantes ya han tenido contacto con el término ITS; sin embargo, todavía tiene creencias sobre sus formas de transmisión. Existe la necesidad de abordar la sexualidad con un aspecto más natural y positivo de la vida humana, proporcionando la discusión libre de las normas y patrones de comportamiento y el debate de las actitudes.

Sexuality began to be seen as a positive scope of human action, in this context, it began to value sexual education, raising discussions about its importance. The aim of this article was to analyze knowledge about forms of contagion and prevention of STIs. This study was conducted in 03 state schools of elementary and secondary level. The sample consisted of 287 students regularly enrolled in these schools covering the 8th grade/ 7th grade of elementary school until the 3rd year of high school. Data on gender, age, marital status, education and others were collected in this study. Most participants have already had contact with the term STI; however, it still has beliefs about its forms of transmission. There is a need to approach sexuality with a more natural and positive aspect of human life, providing the free discussion of norms and patterns of behavior and the debate of attitudes.

La sessualità ha iniziato ad essere vista come una portata positiva dell’azione umana, in questo contesto, ha iniziato a valorizzarsi l’educazione sessuale, sollevando discussioni sulla sua importanza. Lo scopo di questo articolo era quello di analizzare le conoscenze sulle forme di contagio e prevenzione delle STI. Questo studio è stato condotto in 03 scuole statali di livello elementare e secondario. Il campione era composto da 287 studenti regolarmente iscritti a queste scuole che coprivano l’8 ° grado / 7 ° grado della scuola elementare fino al 3 ° anno del liceo. I dati su sesso, età, stato civile, istruzione e altri sono stati raccolti in questo studio. La maggior parte dei partecipanti ha già avuto contatti con il termine STI; tuttavia, ha ancora credenze sulle sue forme di trasmissione. È necessario affrontare la sessualità con un aspetto più naturale e positivo della vita umana, fornendo la libera discussione di norme e modelli di comportamento e il dibattito degli atteggiamenti.

The two-factor theory predicts that the acquisition of avoidance responses is dependent on fear reduction; as such, drugs that reduce or increase fear or anxiety states should alter inhibitory avoidance (IA) acquisition. The present experiment used white spaces as aversive unconditioned stimuli in IA in zebrafish. Adult zebrafishes were tested in three experiments: validation of white compartment as aversive in IA; open field test; and effect of antidepressant (fluoxetine, imipramine) and anxiolytic (diazepam, clonazepam). The data show the effectiveness of the white compartment as an aversive stimulus in IA. Antidepressant fluoxetine did not alter and imipramine impairs avoidance acquisition in higher doses. Imipramine also produced a sedative effect in lower doses. Anxiolytic and stimulant drugs facilitated learning at doses which did not impair locomotion, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of other factors in addition to fear/anxiety can impact aversive learning in zebrafish.

Effluents generated in landfills are difficult to treat and require different forms of treatment to reach the necessary polishing for disposal. Leachate is usually treated in stabilization ponds where pollutants are significantly removed, but it might not be enough for disposal. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the applicability of the natural coagulant Tanfloc SG and the chemical coagulant PAC, with the addition of the anionic flocculation auxiliary polymer (PA), in the coagulation / flocculation processes as a post-treatment of landfill effluents. The tests were carried out by means of a jar test, with coagulant dosage ranging from 0 - 1,250 mg.L-1 and pH values ranging from 5 - 9, in three decantation times. The results showed that both Tanfloc SG and PAC are efficient in clarifying the effluents, even though they act well in different dosage values of coagulants and pH. The polymer dosage did not generate significant improvements in the variations of the variables studied, however, in some experiments it was shown to expand removal range in regards to some variables. The PAC coagulant showed to be efficient in the removal of suspended solids, dissolved materials, colloidals and humic substances, and Tanfloc SG acted mainly in the removal of solids.

Desde o surgimento da vida no planeta os seres vivos estao sujeitos a ciclos ambientais. Regimes de luminosidade e escuridao

O Zebrafish e um pequeno peixe osseo (aproximadamente 30 milimetros), da ordem dos Ciprinideos, oriundo do delta do rio Ganges, India subcontinental

This research aims to describe the effects of a variable number of Danio rerio fish subjects, ranging from one to eight, in the light/dark box preference test. Four hundred eighty adult male short-finned phenotype zebrafish were tested in the light/dark box. There were four groups in this experiment and a different number of subjects was used in each group: the control group had only one subject, whereas the experimental groups had either two, four, or eight subjects simultaneously inside the apparatus in every session. The average occurrence (AO) of subjects in the white side of the aquarium and the first choice average (FC) were recorded. The AO revealed no difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects. The results for the test group with eight subjects showed significant difference when compared to the control group and from the test group with two subjects. The FC also showed no difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects. There was significant variation between the control and the test group with eight subjects. The results reflect a conflict between the animal's preference for dark places and the innate drive to explore new environments. Zebrafish are highly social animals, exhibiting preference for swimming in groups and other patterns of social cohesion. The reduced white avoidance behavior in the test group of eight subjects may possibly reflect the role of shoaling, which is a defensive behavior, in reducing anxiety and stress. On the other hand, the absence of difference between the control group and test groups with two and four subjects suggest that it is feasible to run the light/dark test with up to four subjects, becoming an alternative to streamline and simplify data collection and test analysis.

The animals have anatomical and physiological structures influenced by luminosity. In fish, the pineal gland cells contain photoreceptors and the suprachiasmatic nucleus seems to be involved in biological rhythm just like in other vertebrates. This work aims to describe the role of luminosity and day periods in Danio rerio's Light/Dark preference. For this purpose 160 naive adult undetermined sex Zebrafish were divided into 5 groups of 32 subjects and kept in isolated aquaria with light control. Afterwards, each fish was tested in the Light/Dark aquaria, with water column of 5 centimeters. There was an habituation period of 5 minutes (300 seconds) followed by removal of the sliding doors, allowing the subjects to explore the apparatus for 15 minutes (900 seconds). Tests were performed in different day periods, as follows: Morning (06:00 – 12:00 h); Afternoon (12:00 – 18:00 h); Night (18:00 – 24:00 h); Late Night (24:00 – 06:00 h). Our results show that the time of permanence is sensitive to day period. The number of crossings and latency were not influenced by the period of the day. Further studies regarding biological basis of Light/Dark Preference should be carried out in order to understand the role of circadian function in Danio rerio's behavior. Keywords: Danio rerio, zebrafish, behavior, light-dark preference, anxiety. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n3p106-111

O Zebrafish é um animal experimental que tem se mostrado útil em várias áreas de pesquisa do comportamento, incluindo estados afetivos relacionados ao estresse. A substância de alarme é conhecida por eliciar respostas de estresse, sendo portanto uma ferramenta para investigar as bases biológicas do medo. O teste claro escuro, por sua vez, é a ferramenta para investigar o papel da substância de alarme como sinalizador de comportamentos de ansiedade, alterando o padrão de preferência claro/escuro. Foram utilizados 21 animais adultos, experimentalmente ingênuos, da espécie Danio rerio e sexo indeterminado, divididos em três grupos de sete: grupo controle; tratamento agudo e tratamento crônico. No grupo crônico houve administração de substância de alarme durante 10 dias; no grupo agudo, a solução conteve substância de alarme somente no décimo dia. O teste Claro/Escuro foi aplicado antes e depois da exposição dos animais ao tratamento. O teste claro escuro não detectou mudanças nos comportamentos de permanência no lado claro, alternância e latência nos sujeitos da espécie Danio rerio expostos aguda e cronicamente à substância de alarme. Contudo, a análise gráfica aponta que a substância de alarme altera os padrões de preferência claro/escuro, havendo aumento da ansiedade nos grupos agudo e crônico, principalmente no grupo crônico. Palavras-chave: comportamento, ansiedade, estresse, reação de alarme. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n1p87-93

The building structures are objects of interest in Civil Engineering, appropriate to its importance in sustaining and preserving the building. The monitoring of their behavior can occur for analyzes on structural elements, directly, or other structures for monitoring the building. Such situations encourage the improvement of new techniques for structural evaluations through measurement service elements and interpretation of monitoring data. Amid this context, the present study aims to analyze, diagnose, classify, expose the possible causes and possible solutions of the problems of the buildings studied pathological located at Sinop – MT, where the study included various types of buildings from earthen, 3, 11 e 19 pavements, as residential construction, public and private educational institutions, or for use in the construction step, all intuited with the larger scope of diseases in the municipality, identifying whether or not problems that could compromise the safety criteria, resistance and good performance of buildings.

Este trabalho tem dois principais objetivos, o primeiro consiste em apresentar a construção do complexo cotangente de morfismos introduzida pelo célebre trabalho de LichtenbaumSchlessinger, a qual generaliza o complexo truncado de Grothendieck. O segundo obetivo éapresentar uma descrição explícita do primeiro módulo de cohomologia do complexo cotangente de uma curva monomial. The aim of this work is to present a rather explicit description of the first cohomology module of the cotangent complex of a monomial curve through the construction of the cotangent complex of a morphism introduced in a celebrated work of LichtenbaumSchlessinger, construction which generalizes the truncated cotangent complex introduced by A. Grothendieck.

Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is a toxic mercury salt and a major pollutant, that can be found in soil, water and air, with influences on behavior, physiology and adaptation to the environment. In this study two experiments were designed to examine interactions and effects of HgCl2 on some behavioral patterns of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). In the first experiment we tested the effect of a progressive dose (five 0.04 mg) on aggressive display with exposure to a mirror, whereas in the second experiment we tested the effect of an acute dose (0.2 mg) on the aggressive display with exposure to a mirror. The experiments were performed on 5 consecutive sessions at intervals of 18 hours between sessions. Differences of performance were shown by subjects in the acute and progressive treatments when compared with a control treatment in the majority of behaviors evaluated, namely Floating, Slow Swimming, Wavy Swimming, Emerging, Bend, Square Move and Motor Display Components. Acute treatment was different from control only on Show Body, while the progressive group differed on Resting, Horizontal Display and Appropriate Display Components. Differences between Correlate Display Components and Total were also shown. Both the acute and progressive contamination with HgCl2 decrease the motor activity in the aggressive display, mirror-image test of Betta splendens, mainly on the progressive dose. This implies an impairment on feeding behavior, predator avoidance, reproductive behavior, mate choice and territoriality. These results suggest that in this fish species, the progressive dose has a greater effect on behavior in general and that both the acute and progressive contamination with mercury chloride affect many other aspects of behavior.