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5. Relative Humidity Dependence of Aerosol Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing in the Surface Boundary Layer of Southeastern China

Author

Cheng, Y. F., primary, Wiedensohler, Alfred, additional, Eichler, H., additional, Zhang, Y. H., additional, Birmili, W., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Gnauk, T., additional, Tesche, M., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Ansmann, A., additional, Althausen, A., additional, Englemann, R., additional, Wendisch, M., additional, Su, H., additional, and Hu, M., additional

Published
2007
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7. Size distributions of non-volatile particle residuals (Dp<800 nm) at a rural site in Germany and relation to air mass origin

Author

Engler, C., Rose, D., Wehner, B., Wiedensohler, A., Brüggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Spindler, G., Tuch, T., and Birmili, W.

Abstract

Atmospheric aerosol particle size distributions at a continental background site in Eastern Germany were examined for a one-year period. Particles were classified using a twin differential mobility particle sizer in a size range between 3 and 800 nm. As a novelty, every second measurement of this experiment involved the removal of volatile chemical compounds in a thermodenuder at 300°C. This concept allowed to quantify the number size distribution of non-volatile particle cores – primarily associated with elemental carbon, and to compare this to the original non-conditioned size distribution. As a byproduct of the volatility analysis, new particles originating from nucleation inside the thermodenuder can be observed, however, overwhelmingly at diameters below 6 nm. Within the measurement uncertainty, every particle down to particle sizes of 15 nm is concluded to contain a non-volatile core. The volume fraction of non-volatile particulate matter (non-conditioned diameter < 800 nm) varied between 10 and 30% and was largely consistent with the experimentally determined mass fraction of elemental carbon. The average size of the non-volatile particle cores was estimated as a function of original non-conditioned size using a summation method, which showed that larger particles (>200 nm) contained more non-volatile compounds than smaller particles (

Published
2007
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8. Aerosol optical properties and related chemical apportionment at Xinken in Pearl River Delta of China

Author

Cheng, Y.F., Wiedensohler, A., Eichler, H., Su, H., Gnauk, T., Brüggemann, E., Herrmann, H., Heintzenberg, J., Slanina, J., Tuch, Thomas, Hu, M., Zhang, Y.H., Cheng, Y.F., Wiedensohler, A., Eichler, H., Su, H., Gnauk, T., Brüggemann, E., Herrmann, H., Heintzenberg, J., Slanina, J., Tuch, Thomas, Hu, M., and Zhang, Y.H.

Abstract

Aerosol optical properties (AOPs) of sub-10 mu m particles under dry conditions (relative humidity (RH) < 20%) were investigated at Xinken in Pearl River Delta of China from 4 October to 5 November 2004. Severe aerosol optical pollution has been found characterized by strongly light-absorbing particles. At 550 nm, the magnitude of the light scattering (333 +/- 138 Mm(-1)) and absorption (70 +/- 42 Mm(-1)), limited visual range (5.3 +/- 2.5 km), and low single scattering albedo (0.83 +/- 0.05) show Xinken to be comparable to the most polluted urban cores rather than even a polluted rural site. Other presented AOPs include hemispheric backscattering fraction (11 +/- 1%) and asymmetry parameter (0.67 +/- 0.01) at 550 nm, and Angstrom exponent (a(450/700) = 1.6 +/- 0.15). Systematic relationships exist among the various AOPs. Their diurnal variations cannot be solely explained with the development of atmospheric boundary layer, but also obviously influenced by local wind patterns, variation of sources, photochemistry and nighttime heterogeneous chemistry. The fractional contributions to extinction, scattering and absorption (f(ep;sp;ap)) due to sub-aerosol-populations and individual chemical compounds are derived by the Mie simulations. The sub-1 mu m particles contribute more than 90% of the particle extinction (sigma(ep,550) (nm)). Under dry conditions, f(ep) of non-sea-salt sulfate, particulate organic matter, elemental carbon (EC) and residual are about 44%, 17%, 17% and 15%, respectively. However, the water uptake of particles can contribute 50-60% to sigma(ep,550) (nm) at RH 90%. So in the ambient atmosphere, sulfate, carbonaceous material and water all play very important roles, concerning the visibility impairment at Xinken. The respective mass extinction, scattering and absorption efficiencies (alpha(ep;sp;ap)) are mostly consistent with previously reported values for the polluted area. alpha(ap,EC,550) (nm) for sub-1 mu m and sub-10 mu m ranges are 9.3

Published
2008

9. A case of extreme particulate matter concentrations over Central Europe caused by dust emitted over the southern Ukraine

Author

Birmili, W., Schepanski, K., Ansmann, A., Spindler, G., Tegen, I., Wehner, B., Nowak, A., Reimer, E., Mattis, I., Müller, K., Brüggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Herrmann, H., Wiedensohler, A., Althausen, D., Schladitz, A., Tuch, Thomas, Löschau, G., Birmili, W., Schepanski, K., Ansmann, A., Spindler, G., Tegen, I., Wehner, B., Nowak, A., Reimer, E., Mattis, I., Müller, K., Brüggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Herrmann, H., Wiedensohler, A., Althausen, D., Schladitz, A., Tuch, Thomas, and Löschau, G.

Abstract

On 24 March 2007, an extraordinary dust plume was observed in the Central European troposphere. Satellite observations revealed its origins in a dust storm in Southern Ukraine, where large amounts of soil were resuspended from dried-out farmlands at wind gusts up to 30 m s-1. Along the pathway of the plume, maximum particulate matter (PM10) mass concentrations between 200 and 1400 µg m-3 occurred in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany. Over Germany, the dust plume was characterised by a volume extinction coefficient up to 400 Mm-1 and a particle optical depth of 0.71 at wavelength 0.532 µm. In-situ size distribution measurements as well as the wavelength dependence of light extinction from lidar and Sun photometer measurements confirmed the presence of a coarse particle mode with diameters around 2-3 µm. Chemical particle analyses suggested a fraction of 75% crustal material in daily average PM10 and up to 85% in the coarser fraction PM10-2.5. Based on the particle characteristics as well as a lack of increased CO and CO2 levels, a significant impact of biomass burning was ruled out. The reasons for the high particle concentrations in the dust plume were twofold: First, dust was transported very rapidly into Central Europe in a boundary layer jet under dry conditions. Second, the dust plume was confined to a relatively stable boundary layer of 1.4-1.8 km height, and could therefore neither expand nor dilute efficiently. Our findings illustrate the capacity of combined in situ and remote sensing measurements to characterise large-scale dust plumes with a variety of aerosol parameters. Although such plumes from Southern Eurasia seem to occur rather infrequently in Central Europe, its unexpected features highlights the need to improve the description of dust emission, transport and transformation processes needs, particularly when facing the possible effects of further anthropogenic desertification and climate change.

Published
2008

10. Size distributions of non-volatile particle residuals (Dp

Author

Engler, C., Rose, D., Wehner, B., Wiedensohler, A., Brüggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Spindler, G., Tuch, Thomas, Birmili, W., Engler, C., Rose, D., Wehner, B., Wiedensohler, A., Brüggemann, E., Gnauk, T., Spindler, G., Tuch, Thomas, and Birmili, W.

Abstract

Atmospheric aerosol particle size distributions at a continental background site in Eastern Germany were examined for a one-year period. Particles were classified using a twin differential mobility particle sizer in a size range between 3 and 800 nm. As a novelty, every second measurement of this experiment involved the removal of volatile chemical compounds in a thermodenuder at 300°C. This concept allowed to quantify the number size distribution of non-volatile particle cores - primarily associated with elemental carbon, and to compare this to the original non-conditioned size distribution. As a byproduct of the volatility analysis, new particles originating from nucleation inside the thermodenuder can be observed, however, overwhelmingly at diameters below 6 nm. Within the measurement uncertainty, every particle down to particle sizes of 15 nm is concluded to contain a non-volatile core. The volume fraction of non-volatile particulate matter (non-conditioned diameter < 800 nm) varied between 10 and 30% and was largely consistent with the experimentally determined mass fraction of elemental carbon. The average size of the non-volatile particle cores was estimated as a function of original non-conditioned size using a summation method, which showed that larger particles (>200 nm) contained more non-volatile compounds than smaller particles (

Published
2007

11. Experten-Workshop: 'Verkehrsbedingte Feinstäube in der Stadt' vom 14./15.02.2005 in Leipzig durchgeführt vom UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Umweltbundesamt

Author

Lanzendorf, Martin, Birmili, W., Franke, Patrick, Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, Ulrich, Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, Marie, Herbarth, Olf, Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, Maik, Semmler, M., Tuch, Thomas, Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Lanzendorf, Martin, Birmili, W., Franke, Patrick, Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, Ulrich, Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, Marie, Herbarth, Olf, Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, Maik, Semmler, M., Tuch, Thomas, Wichmann, H.-E., and Wiedensohler, A.

Abstract

In Deutschland ist spätestens mit dem Inkrafttreten verschärfter Grenzwerte zum 1.1.2005 ein lebhaftes öffentliches Interesse an den Ursachen und Folgen verkehrsbedingter Feinstäube erwacht. Entgegen medienwirksam vorgetragenen einfachen Ursache-Wirkungs-Ketten ist die Feinstaubproblematik jedoch ausgesprochen vielschichtig. Während sich etwa die gesetzlichen  Regelungen und die öffentliche Diskussion bisher weitgehend auf die Beschränkung von PM10- Immissionen konzentrieren, stellen neuere epidemiologische  und toxikologische Befunde die gesundheitsschädliche Wirkung besonders kleiner Feinstaubfraktionen in den Mittelpunkt.&nbsp

Published
2006

12. Zusammenfassung – Verkehrsbedingte Feinstäube in der Stadt

Author

Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Lanzendorf, Martin, Franke, Patrick, Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Lanzendorf, Martin, and Franke, Patrick

Published
2006

13. Einleitung – Verkehrsbedingte Feinstäube in der Stadt

Author

Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Lanzendorf, Martin, Franke, Patrick, Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Lanzendorf, Martin, and Franke, Patrick

Published
2006

14. Ultrafeine Partikel aus Verkehrsemissionen – Probleme bei der Auswahl repräsentativer Messstandorte zur Beurteilung der Humanexposition

Author

Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Hanusch, Marie, Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., and Hanusch, Marie

Published
2006

15. Umweltpartikel in städtischen Atmosphären: Eigenschaften und zukünftiger Bedarf an Messmethoden

Author

Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Tuch, Thomas, Franck, Ulrich, Lanzendorf, M., Birmili, W., Franke, P., Appelhans, Y.J., Brüggemann, E., Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Düring, I., Franck, U., Friedrich, A., Gnauk, T., Hanusch, M., Herbarth, O., Kreyling, W.G., Lohmeyer, A., Möller, W., Peters, A., Schilde, M., Semmler, M., Tuch, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Wiedensohler, A., Tuch, Thomas, and Franck, Ulrich

Published
2006

18. Diurnal variations of ambient particulate wood burning emissions and their contribution to the concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seiffen, Germany

Author

Poulain, L., primary, Iinuma, Y., additional, Müller, K., additional, Birmili, W., additional, Weinhold, K., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Gnauk, T., additional, Hausmann, A., additional, Löschau, G., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, and Herrmann, H., additional

Published
2011
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19. Supplementary material to "Diurnal variations of residential particulate wood burning emissions and their contribution to the concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)"

Author

Poulain, L., primary, Iinuma, Y., additional, Müller, K., additional, Birmili, W., additional, Weinhold, K., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Gnauk, T., additional, Hausmann, A., additional, Löschau, G., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, and Herrmann, H., additional

Published
2011
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29. A case of extreme particulate matter concentrations over Central Europe caused by dust emitted over the southern Ukraine

Author

Birmili, W., primary, Schepanski, K., additional, Ansmann, A., additional, Spindler, G., additional, Tegen, I., additional, Wehner, B., additional, Nowak, A., additional, Reimer, E., additional, Mattis, I., additional, Müller, K., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Gnauk, T., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Althausen, D., additional, Schladitz, A., additional, Tuch, T., additional, and Löschau, G., additional

Published
2008
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31. Korngrößendifferenzierte Identifikation der Anteile verschiedener Quellgruppen an der Feinstaubbelastung. Abschlussbericht (mit Daten-CD) zum Projekt 13-8802.3521/46

Author

Brüggemann, E., Franck, Ulrich, Gnauk, T., Herrmann, H., Müller, K., Neusüß, C., Plewka, A., Spindler, G., Stärk, Hans-Joachim, Wennrich, Rainer, Brüggemann, E., Franck, Ulrich, Gnauk, T., Herrmann, H., Müller, K., Neusüß, C., Plewka, A., Spindler, G., Stärk, Hans-Joachim, and Wennrich, Rainer

Published
2000

36. An episode of extremely high PM concentrations over Central Europe caused by dust emitted over the southern Ukraine

Author

Birmili, W., primary, Schepanski, K., additional, Ansmann, A., additional, Spindler, G., additional, Tegen, I., additional, Wehner, B., additional, Nowak, A., additional, Reimer, E., additional, Mattis, I., additional, Müller, K., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Gnauk, T., additional, Herrmann, H., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Althausen, D., additional, Schladitz, A., additional, Tuch, T., additional, and Löschau, G., additional

Published
2007
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42. Schmücke hill cap cloud and valley stations aerosol characterisation during FEBUKO (I): Particle size distribution, mass, and main components

Author

Brüggemann, E., primary, Gnauk, T., additional, Mertes, S., additional, Acker, K., additional, Auel, R., additional, Wieprecht, W., additional, Möller, D., additional, Collett, J.L., additional, Chang, H., additional, Galgon, D., additional, Chemnitzer, R., additional, Rüd, C., additional, Junek, R., additional, Wiedensohler, W., additional, and Herrmann, H., additional

Published
2005
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43. Aerosol characterisation at the FEBUKO upwind station Goldlauter (I): Particle mass, main ionic components, OCEC, and mass closure

Author

Gnauk, T., primary, Brüggemann, E., additional, Müller, K., additional, Chemnitzer, R., additional, Rüd, C., additional, Galgon, D., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Acker, K., additional, Auel, R., additional, Wieprecht, W., additional, Möller, D., additional, Jaeschke, W., additional, and Herrmann, H., additional

Published
2005
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44. FEBUKO and MODMEP: Field measurements and modelling of aerosol and cloud multiphase processes

Author

Herrmann, H., primary, Wolke, R., additional, Müller, K., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Gnauk, T., additional, Barzaghi, P., additional, Mertes, S., additional, Lehmann, K., additional, Massling, A., additional, Birmili, W., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, Wieprecht, W., additional, Acker, K., additional, Jaeschke, W., additional, Kramberger, H., additional, Svrcina, B., additional, Bächmann, K., additional, Collett, J.L., additional, Galgon, D., additional, Schwirn, K., additional, Nowak, A., additional, van Pinxteren, D., additional, Plewka, A., additional, Chemnitzer, R., additional, Rüd, C., additional, Hofmann, D., additional, Tilgner, A., additional, Diehl, K., additional, Heinold, B., additional, Hinneburg, D., additional, Knoth, O., additional, Sehili, A.M., additional, Simmel, M., additional, Wurzler, S., additional, Majdik, Z., additional, Mauersberger, G., additional, and Müller, F., additional

Published
2005
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45. Artefacts in the sampling of nitrate studied in the “INTERCOMP” campaigns of EUROTRAC-AEROSOL

Author

Schaap, M., primary, Spindler, G., additional, Schulz, M., additional, Acker, K., additional, Maenhaut, W., additional, Berner, A., additional, Wieprecht, W., additional, Streit, N., additional, Müller, K., additional, Brüggemann, E., additional, Chi, X., additional, Putaud, J.-P., additional, Hitzenberger, R., additional, Puxbaum, H., additional, Baltensperger, U., additional, and ten Brink, H., additional

Published
2004
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