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Broiler`s diets are mainly composed of plant origin products, where most of the phosphorus (P) is in the unavailable form, called phytate. The phytate molecule and the nutrients attached to it cannot be absorbed in the digestive tract without enzymatic degradation by the phytases. Phytases hydrolyze phytate in one molecule of inositol and six inorganic phosphate molecules reducing their antinutritional effects. The magnitude of phytase response may be more significant with increasing inclusion levels and phytate degradation correlates with large increases in P retention, tibia ash concentration, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, retention of nitrogen, apparent metabolizable energy and Ca retention. Therefore, this review has the objective of to characterize phytase and to address aspects related to its efficacy and its extra phosphoric effects in diets for broilers. As dietas para aves são compostas principalmente por produtos de origem vegetal, em que a maior parte do fosforo (P) se encontra na forma indisponível, denominada fitato. A molécula de fitato e os nutrientes ligados a ela não podem ser absorvidos no trato digestivo sem degradação enzimática realizada pelas fitases. As fitases hidrolisam o fitato em uma molécula de inositol e seis moléculas inorgânicas de fosfato reduzindo os seus efeitos antinutricionais. A magnitude da resposta da fitase pode ser mais significativa com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão e a degradação do fitato se correlaciona com grandes aumentos na retenção de P, concentração de cinzas na tíbia, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, eficiência alimentar, retenção de nitrogênio, energia metabolizável aparente e retenção de Ca. Por isso, esta revisão tem o objetivo de caracterizar a fitase e abordar os aspectos relacionados na sua eficácia e seus efeitos extra fosfóricos em dietas para frangos de corte.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2019-07-31T18:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Jomara-Broch_2019.pdf: 775459 bytes, checksum: 402ee354a4fa57fc2c218543c3fe3ef1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-31T18:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jomara-Broch_2019.pdf: 775459 bytes, checksum: 402ee354a4fa57fc2c218543c3fe3ef1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-29 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phytases in broiler’s diets. In the first experiment, five treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of a positive control diet (PC), a negative control diet (NC); and the NC diet + 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 FYT kg-1 phytase. From 1 to 21 days of age, weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) raised due to the increasing levels of phytase (P

Industrialization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) generates a coproduct called dry residue of cassava (DRC) that can be an alternative energy for broiler feed. DRC has a high content of starch, fibers and low levels of lipids, proteins and mineral mater. However, when it is used for poultry feed formulation is necessary to consider the bromatological composition as well as the presence of antinutritional factors in its composition. Some components found in the DRC such as soluble and insoluble fibers, non-starch polysaccharides and cyanogenic compounds are said to be responsible for negatively affectng animal performance. In this context, carbohydrase enzymes have been used for the purpose of providing more nutrients in the feed, in an attempt to improve or maintain the performance of the animals and thus their profitability. Xylanase, β-glucanase and α-amylase are some of the exogenous enzymes used in diets containing DRC to minimize their indigestible compounds. Resumo - Na industrialização da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) é gerado um coproduto denominado resíduo seco de fecularia (RSF) que pode ser utilizado como alimento energétco alternativo. O RSF caracteriza-se por apresentar em sua composição elevado teor de amido, fibras e baixos teores de lipídeos, proteínas e matéria mineral. Ao utlizar esse ingrediente nas formulações de rações para aves torna-se necessário, além do conhecimento da composição bromatológica, considerar a presença de fatores antinutricionais em sua composição. Alguns componentes encontrados no RSF como fibras solúveis e insolúveis, polissacarídeos não amiláceos e compostos cianogênicos são apontados como responsáveis por afetarnegativamente o desempenho dos animais. Neste contexto, enzimas carboidrases têm sido utilizadas com o propósito de disponibilizar maior quantidade de nutrientes no alimento, na tentatva de melhorar ou manter o desempenho dos animais e com isso a sua rentabilidade. Xilanase, β-glucanase e α-amilase são algumas das enzimas exógenas utilizadas em dietas, contendo RSF, para minimizar seus compostos indigestíveis.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química e os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pela retenção de nitrogênio (EMAn) e seus respectivos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade (CMA e CMAn) de diferentes alimentos para frangos de corte provenientes da região oeste do Estado do Paraná. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia de Aves da UNIOESTE. Foram utilizados 260 pintos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb 500, com 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com doze tratamentos, quatro repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental. Os ingredientes estudados foram dez diferentes farelos de trigo, um triticale, um trigo grão e uma ração referência. Foram determinados valores de matéria seca, nitrogênio, energia bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, matéria mineral, cálcio, fósforo, sódio, potássio e magnésio e o valor do diâmetro geométrico médio. Para determinação dos valores de EMA e EMAn foi utilizado o método de coleta total de excretas com aves em crescimento. A composição química dos alimentos estudados apresentaram variações. Os valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 1819 a 2958 e 1734 a 2882 kcal/kg, respectivamente. De acordo com os valores energéticos e energia bruta, foram calculados os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade, valores estes que variaram de 43,26 a 75,24% para CMA e de 42,28 a 73,31% para CMAn. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected by nitrogen retention (AMEn) and metabolization coefficients (MC and MCn) of different feeds for broilers from the western region of Paraná State. The experiment was conducted at the Physiology of Birds Laboratory at UNIOESTE. Two hundred and sixty male chicks of the Cobb 500 strain, at 21 days old, were distributed in a randomized design with 12 treatments and four replicates of five birds per experimental unit. The feed ingredients studied were ten different wheat middlings, one triticale, one wheat grain and a reference diet. Values for dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, mineral matter, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium composition were determined as well as the geometric mean diameter of the feed particles. To determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) the total excreta collection method was used with growing birds. The chemical composition of the feeds was variable. The values for AME and AMEn ranged from 1. 819-2. 958 and 1. 734-2. 882 kcal. kg-1, respectively. Based on these energetic values and the values for gross energy, the coefficients of metabolizability were calculated. The values ranged from 43. 26-75. 24% for MC and from 42. 28- 73. 31% for MCn.

Foram determinados a composição química, os valores energéticos, os coeficientes de digestibilidade e o conteúdo de aminoácidos digestíveis verdadeiros de oito diferentes sojas integrais desativadas. Para a determinação dos valores energéticos foi utilizado o método da coleta total de excretas com 180 pintos, com 21 dias de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, nove tratamentos (oito sojas e uma ração referência), quatro repetições e cinco aves por unidade experimental. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira foram determinados utilizando a técnica da “alimentação forçada” com 40 galos cecectomizados, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto por oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e um galo por unidade experimental e cinco galos foram mantidos em jejum para determinação das perdas endógenas. Os valores médios de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade dos valores energéticos (CEMA e CEMAn) das sojas variaram, respectivamente, de 3.191 a 4.242 kcal/kg, 2.953 a 3.906 kcal/kg, 64,85 a 80,42% e 60,00 a 74,07%. Os valores médios dos coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoácidos essenciais e não essenciais das sojas avaliadas variaram de 79,74 a 93,08% e de 78,33 a 91,85%, respectivamente. A soja 1 (desativada orgânica) foi a que apresentou os menores coeficientes de digestibilidade em relação as demais (obtidas comercialmente) em virtude de possível subprocessamento, confirmado pela análise da atividade ureática de 0,32.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jomara_Broch.pdf: 1173474 bytes, checksum: a3f76ef839361f2f5f015320e04bd560 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-28 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry residue of cassava (DRC) and its use, associated or not with carbohydrases on production of broiler chickens. In the first experiment 160 Cobb 500 birds from 14 to 24 days old were used, 50% males and 50% females. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and five levels of inclusion of DRC (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%), totaling ten treatments and four replicates, with four birds each. The experimental period lasted ten days, five days of adaptation and five for excreta collection, in which two collections a day were carried out. Subsequently the samples of excreta, feed and DRC were dried in forced circulation of greenhouses air at 55 °C, subjected to analysis of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. The chemical composition for the DRC was 89.86% DM, 0.98% CP, 3519 kcal kg-1 of EB, 0.19% of EE, 27% NDF, 19.5% ADF, 0.33% calcium, 0.43% phosphorus, 0.46% potassium and 0.12% magnesium, in the natural matter. The mean values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) AME coefficient (CAME) and coefficient of AMEn (CAMEn) of DRC in natural matter were 1598 kcal kg-1, 1605 kcal kg-1, 45.42% and 45.61%, according to the methodology proposed by Matterson et al. (1965), respectively. According to another analysis method (ADEOLA, 2000), the AMEn value found may vary from 1789 kcal kg-1 to 1808 kcal kg-1. In the second experiment birds were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial scheme, consisting of the combination of the addition or not of carbohydrases and five levels of inclusion of DRC, resulting in 10 treatments and with five replicates of 22 birds each. At 21 days of age, two birds each were fasted for 6 hours, for blood brachial puncture. At 42 days old, four birds per pen were slaughtered to determine carcass yield, cut and organs, and percentage of abdominal fat and assessment of meat quality. Between 1-21 days old there was interaction (P0.05) from the control diet (CD). Carcass yields, breast, thigh, drumstick and wing were not influenced (P>0.05) by supplementation of carbohydrases and DRC inclusion levels in phase from 1-21 days. The relative weight of organs was not affected (P>0.05) by inclusion of DRC and addition or not of carbohydrases. The inclusion of carbohydrases provided an increase (P0.05) by the presence or absence of carbohydrases. The concentration of Gamma GT showed an increase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine showed a decrease (P0.05) due to the inclusion of DRC and with the addition or not of carbohydrases, in evaluation 15 minutes post mortem. In the analysis 24 hours post mortem there was significant interaction (P0.05) by inclusion of DRC and addition or not of carbohydrases. The cooking loss (CL) was influenced (P 0.05) by levels of DRC and addition or not of carbohydrases. The color variable b * showed a decrease (P 0,05) da ração controle (RC). Os rendimentos de carcaça, peito, coxa, sobrecoxa e asa não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pela suplementação de carboidrases e níveis de inclusão do RSF na fase de 1 a 21 dias. O peso relativo de órgãos não foi afetado (P>0,05) pela inclusão do RSF e adição ou não de carboidrases. A inclusão das carboidrases proporcionou um aumento (P0,05) pela presença ou não das carboidrases. A concentração da Gama GT apresentou um acréscimo e da alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e creatinina apresentaram um decréscimo (P0,05) em função da inclusão do RSF e com a adição ou não das carboidrases, na avaliação 15 minutos post mortem. Na análise 24 horas post mortem houve interação significativa (P0,05) pela inclusão do RSF e adição ou não de carboidrases. A perda por cocção (PPC) foi influenciada (P0,05) pelos níveis do RSF e adição ou não de carboidrases. A variável de cor b* apresentou um decréscimo (P

O trabalho foi realizado para avaliar as características de carcaça e carne de suínos machos castrados e imunocastrados alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis nutricionais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos principais (T1-suínos machos castrados alimentados com dieta basal; T2-machos imunocastrados alimentados com dieta basal; T3-machos imunocastrados alimentados com dieta basal+3% aminoácidos e energia; T4-machos imunocastrados alimentados com dieta basal+5% aminoácidos e energia) e dois tratamentos secundários com ou sem ractopamina dentro de cada tratamento principal. Os suínos machos castrados apresentaram peso de abate 3,3% inferior (P

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2020-09-08T03:12:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_PatriciaOliveiraNesello-final-OK.pdf: 1247065 bytes, checksum: 635c6f97cafa0e62e0ac92c669455c5c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-08T03:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_PatriciaOliveiraNesello-final-OK.pdf: 1247065 bytes, checksum: 635c6f97cafa0e62e0ac92c669455c5c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-12-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary inclusion of guavira seed and bark extracts (Campomanesia adamantium) on the performance, relative weight of gastrointestinal tract organs, intestine morphometric and carcass yield of broilers from 1 to 42 days. A total of 1,680 one-day-old male chicks were used, distributed in a randomized design, in a 2x5 + 2 factorial design (hydroethanolic seed extract (HSE) and guavira bark (HGB); 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm of inclusion and two controls - positive with antibiotic addition and negative without additive – with seven replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit. The effects of the type and levels of seed and bark extraction as well as the interaction between these factors were verified by analysis of variance, excluding the controls. The effect of the levels on the evaluated characteristics was determined by polynomial regression, when it was irrelevant, linear contrasts were used. A comparison between diets containing HSE and HGB, and a positive control (PC) and negative control (NC) diet was performed by the F test for orthogonal contrasts. Regardless of the extract level added in the feed, it was observed that the birds fed with HSE had a higher (P

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2020-06-24T20:17:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Gabriela_para impressão.pdf: 1225961 bytes, checksum: 4ba1dc131b911a3f7e7ad2b7753eb659 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-24T20:17:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Gabriela_para impressão.pdf: 1225961 bytes, checksum: 4ba1dc131b911a3f7e7ad2b7753eb659 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-12-13 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The aim of this study was to evaluate phytase overdoses associated with carbohydrates in diets with nutritional reduction on performance, carcass and cut yields, relative weight of organs of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal morphometry, digestion viscosity, pH of intestinal and cecal contents, quality of bedding, bone and blood parameters of broilers. For this purpose, 1,540 male day-old broiler chicks were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, 14 repetitions with 22 birds per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of: positive control (CP): ration based on corn and soybean meal with the inclusion of meat meal and offal meal without enzymes; negative control (CN): CP diet with a reduction of 100 kcal, 0.15% P, 0.12% Ca, 4% AA and 5% Na; CN feed + carbohydrase + phytase (1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU kg-1). The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test (P 0.05) between treatments regarding rupture resistance, seeder index, density and growth plate. For mineral matter and calcium and phosphorus contents of the tibial bones at 21 and 42 days of age, there was no difference (P> 0.05) between treatments. Regarding blood parameters at 21 days, the concentrations of Ca and P in the blood were higher in birds that received 1000 FTU kg-1. For triglycerides, birds of the CN diet and 1000 FTU kg-1 showed higher concentrations. For alkaline phosphatase birds that received a diet with 1500 FTU kg-1 showed lower concentration when compared to CP. Glucose and total protein showed no difference (P> 0.05). At 42 days, the concentration of Ca, P and PT was higher in birds that received the CP diet. For glucose, the highest concentration was in birds that received 2000 FTU kg-1 compared to those that received 1000 FTU kg-1. For triglycerides the concentration was lower in birds that received 1000 and 1500 FTU kg-1. There was no difference for alkaline phosphatase (P> 0.05). The use of phytase associated with carbohydrases in diets with nutritional reduction maintained the birds' performance in the pre- initial phase. In the growth phase, the performance of these birds was superior to the CN treatment, not equaling the CP. The addition of carbohydrases associated with 1000 FTU kg-1 phytase provided an increase in serum calcium, phosphorus and total protein of the birds at 21 days. At 42 days, birds on the CP diet showed higher levels of calcium and phosphorus and the inclusion of enzymes reduced these levels, however, the bone parameters were not changed. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar superdoses de fitase associada às carboidrases em dietas com redução nutricional sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, peso relativo dos órgãos do trato gastrointestinal, morfometria intestinal, viscosidade da digesta, pH do conteúdo intestinal e cecal, qualidade de cama, parâmetros ósseos e sanguíneos de frangos de corte. Para tanto, foram utilizados 1.540 pintos de corte, machos, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos, 14 repetições com 22 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em: controle positivo (CP): ração a base de milho e farelo de soja com inclusão de farinha de carne e farinha de vísceras sem enzimas; controle negativo (CN): ração CP com redução de 100 kcal, 0,15% P, 0,12% Ca, 4% AA e 5% Na; ração CN + carboidrase + fitase (1000, 1500 e 2000 FTU kg-1). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto à resistência a ruptura, índice de seedor, densidade e placa de crescimento. Para matéria mineral e teores de cálcio e fósforo dos ossos da tíbia aos 21 e 42 dias de idade, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Sobre os parâmetros sanguíneos aos 21 dias, as concentrações de Ca e P no sangue foram maiores nas aves que receberam 1000 FTU kg-1. Para triglicerídeos as aves da dieta CN e 1000 FTU kg-1 apresentaram maiores concentrações. Para fosfatase alcalina aves que receberam dieta com 1500 FTU kg-1 apresentaram menor concentração ao comparar com o CP. Na glicose e proteína total não se constatou diferença (P>0,05). Aos 42 dias, a concentração de Ca, P e PT foi maior nas aves que receberam a dieta CP. Para glicose, a maior concentração foi nas aves que receberam 2000 FTU kg-1 em comparação aos que receberam 1000 FTU kg-1. Para triglicerídeos a concentração foi menor nas aves que receberam 1000 e 1500 FTU kg-1. Para fosfatase alcalina não houve diferença (P>0,05). A utilização de fitase associada às carboidrases em dietas com redução nutricional manteve o desempenho das aves na fase pré-inicial. Na fase de crescimento o desempenho dessas aves foi superior ao tratamento CN, não se equiparando ao CP. A adição de carboidrases associada a 1000 FTU kg-1 de fitase proporcionou aumento sérico de cálcio, fósforo e proteína total das aves aos 21 dias. Aos 42 dias a aves da dieta CP apresentaram maiores níveis de cálcio e fósforo e a inclusão de enzimas reduziu estes teores, porém, os parâmetros ósseos não foram alterados.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2020-06-19T18:40:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 VaneilaTese Final Impressao_Final.pdf: 1718046 bytes, checksum: d303000b157a76b690c3cd5c76e87a78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-19T18:40:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 VaneilaTese Final Impressao_Final.pdf: 1718046 bytes, checksum: d303000b157a76b690c3cd5c76e87a78 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-12-13 In this work, two experiments have been carried out. In the first one, the influence of vitamin A on performance, carcass and organ yields, blood parameters, protein and fat deposition, meat quality and bone parameters of broilers were evaluated. 2,300 chicks were distributed in a 2x2x5 factorial scheme, with two lipid sources (soy and palm), two supplementation periods, five levels of vitamin A (0; 3,000; 6,000; 12,000; 24,000 IU kg-1) and 10 repetitions with 23 birds each one. At 22 days old, treatments were redistributed; five repetitions continued to receive the initial diet and five repetitions received a diet supplemented with 6,700 IU kg-1. At 21 days old, the lipid source influenced the feed consumption, feed conversion and abdominal fat. The vitamin A influenced feed intake and weight gain (quadratic response). Vitamin A also influenced the weight of the liver, proventricle and abdominal fat at 21 days old. At 42 days old, the lipid source and vitamin A level influenced feed intake. Weight gain and feed conversion were influenced by period of supplementation and vitamin A level. Carcass yield and meat pH were influenced by vitamin A supplementation. From 1 to 21 days old, vitamin A supplementation was estimated at 15,585 IU kg-1 and at 42 days, 15,527 IU kg-1 and 15,148 IU kg-1 were estimated for periods 1 to 21 and 1 to 42 days, respectively. The second experiment evaluated the influence of vitamin A on performance, carcass and organ yields, bone and skin characteristics, meat quality and myopathies in broilers. 1,920 birds were distributed in a randomized design, with 6 vitamin A supplementations (0; 6,000; 16,000; 26,000; 36,000 and 46,000 IU kg-1), into 16 repetitions with 20 birds. In the period from 22 to 42 days old, treatments were divided, 8 repetitions continued in the initial treatment and 8 repetitions with diets without vitamin A (0 IU kg-1). The level of vitamin A influenced feed intake, weight gain and weight of the proventricle at 21 days old (quadratic response). At 42 days, vitamin A influenced the weight gain and feed intake of birds not supplemented after 21 days. In birds supplemented up to 42 days, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion obtained quadratic responses. There was an influence of vitamin A on the weight of the wings, chest, legs, small intestine, pancreas, gizzard, abdominal fat, Seedor index, bone rupture strength and yellow intensity (b *). The incidence of WB with higher scores was found in birds supplemented from 5 to 42 days. WS showed a quadratic response to vitamin A supplementation. At 21 days old, supplementation of 28,209 IU kg-1 was estimated, while birds supplemented up to 42 days supplementation of 29,375 IU kg-1 and 27,775 IU kg-1 of vitamin A showed better results for weight gain and feed conversion, respectively. Neste trabalho, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro, avaliou-se a influência da vitamina A no desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e órgãos, parâmetros sanguíneos, deposição de proteína e gordura, qualidade de carne e parâmetros ósseos de frangos de corte. Foram distribuídos 2.300 pintainhos em esquema fatorial 2x2x5, com duas fontes lipídicas (soja e palma), dois tempos de suplementação, cinco níveis de vitamina A (0; 3.000; 6.000; 12.000; 24.000 UI kg-1) e 10 repetições com 23 aves. Aos 22 dias de idade, os tratamentos foram redistribuídos, das 10 repetições, cinco repetições continuaram a receber a dieta inicial e as cinco repetições restantes receberam dieta suplementada com 6.700 UI kg-1. Aos 21 dias de idade, a fonte lipídica influenciou o consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e gordura abdominal. A vitamina influenciou o consumo de ração e ganho de peso (resposta quadrática). A vitamina A influenciou o peso do fígado, proventrículo e gordura abdominal aos 21 dias de idade. Aos 42 dias de idade, a fonte lipídica e o nível de vitamina A influenciaram o consumo de ração. O ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram influenciados pelo tempo e nível de vitamina A. O rendimento de carcaça e o pH da carne foram influenciados pela suplementação de vitamina A. De 1 a 21 dias de idade, estimou-se uma suplementação de vitamina A de 15.585 UI kg-1 e aos 42 dias foram estimados 15.527 UI kg-1 e 15.148 UI kg-1 para o períodos 1 a 21 e 1 a 42 dias, respectivamente. O segundo estudo avaliou a influência da vitamina A no desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e órgãos, características ósseas e de pele, qualidade da carne e miopatias em frangos de corte. Foram distribuídas 1.920 aves em delineamento casualizado, com 6 suplementações de vitamina A (0; 6.000; 16.000; 26.000;36.000 e 46.000 UI kg-1), 16 repetições com 20 aves. No período de 22 a 42 dias, os tratamentos foram divididos, 8 repetições continuaram no tratamento inicial e 8 repetições com dietas sem vitamina A (0 UI kg-1). O nível de vitamina A influenciou o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e peso do proventrículo aos 21 dias de idade (resposta quadrática). Aos 42 dias, a vitamina A influenciou o ganho de peso e o consumo de ração das aves não suplementadas a partir dos 21 dias. Nas aves suplementadas até 42 dias, o ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar obtiveram respostas quadráticas. Houve influência da vitamina A no peso das asas, peito, pernas, intestino delgado, pâncreas, moela, gordura abdominal, índice de Seedor, força de ruptura óssea e intensidade de amarelo (b*). A incidência de WB com maiores escores foi encontrada nas aves suplementadas de 5 a 42 dias. O WS apresentou resposta quadrática à suplementação vitamínica. Foram estimadas as suplementações de 28.209 UI kg-1 aos 21 dias de idade, enquanto aos 42 dias de idade nas aves suplementadas até os 42 dias para ganho de peso a suplementação de 29.375 UI kg-1, e conversão alimentar com 27.775 UI kg-1 de vitamina A apresentam melhores resultados.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2020-08-27T14:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Heloíse Trautenmuller - Versão Final.pdf: 1183438 bytes, checksum: a59cd54133d98cf3c68f7a6898ffc6e3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-27T14:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Heloíse Trautenmuller - Versão Final.pdf: 1183438 bytes, checksum: a59cd54133d98cf3c68f7a6898ffc6e3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-12-09 The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside (1,25(OH)2D3) on the feed of piglets in the nursery phase. Two experiments were carried out, digestibility experiment, using 36 male piglets with an average weight of 18,79 ± 3,37 kg, distributed in a block design, with four treatments, nine repetitions and one animal per experimental unit (EU). The procedures consisted of: D3 = 1969 IU of cholecalciferol; Negative control (NC) = vitamin D-free diet; 50% = 984,5 IU cholecalciferol + 0,375 µg 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside; and 100% = feed with 0,750 µg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside. The levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in feed, feces and urine, total consumption of Ca and P, excretion of Ca and P, and digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, organic matter, Ca and P were analised. The zootechnical performance experiment used 128 hybrid piglets, whole males, with approximately 21 days of age and an initial average body weight of 6,82 ± 0,38 kg, distributed in a block design, with eight replicates and four animals per EU. The treatments were: 100/0 = 100% of vitamin D supplemented by cholecalciferol (2707 IU in the pre-initial I, 2405 IU in the pre-initial II and 1969 IU in the initial phase); 50/50 = 50% of the addition supplemented by cholecalciferol according to each phase + 0,25 µg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside; 25/75 = 25% of cholecalciferol for each phase + 0,375 µg of 1,25(OH)2D3glycoside and 0/100 = 0,50 µg of1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside. Determination of initial body weight (IBW, kg), final body weight (FBW, kg), average daily consumption (ADC, kg day-1), average daily weight gain (ADWG, kg day-1) and the feed conversion rate (FC, kg kg-1). Were analyzed as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (AF) and 25(OH)D3 in the blood. At the end of the experimental period, 24 animals were slaughtered. How the carcasses were eviscerated and collected and weighed was mesured from the heart, liver, kidneys, intestines and spleen for the relative weight of the organs and pH of the gastrointestinal organs. The bones were collected for bone morphometric analysis. Comparisons between treatment media were performed using Tukey's test at the level of 5% or 10% probability. The β error of the parameters was used to help explain the values of 5 to 10% probability. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not influenced (P> 0,05) by the controls, as well as the excretion of Ca2+ and P. The zootechnical performance of the piglets shows differences between the tests for ADWGvariables (P=0,031) and for ADC (P=0,060) in the pre-initial phase I, FBW (P=0,095) and ADC (P=0,032) in the pre- initial phase I + II, ADC in the initial phase, ADC and feed convertion rate (FC) in the total period of the experiment. For plasma samples, or calcium in the pre-initial phase II (P=0,058), the highest concentration was in the 50/50 treatment. Alkaline phosphatase has a difference between treatments in the initial phase (P0,05) pelos tratamentos, bem como a excreção de Ca2+ e P. O desempenho zootécnico dos leitões apresentou diferenças entre os tratamentos para as variáveis GPD (P=0,031) e para o CRD (P=0,060) na fase pré-inicial I, PCF (P=0,095) e CRD (P=0,032) na fase pré-inicial I + II, CRD na fase inicial, CRD e conversão alimentar (CA) no período total do experimento. Para as concentrações plasmáticas, o cálcio na fase pré-inicial II (P=0,058), a maior concentração foi no tratamento 50/50. A fosfatase alcalina apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos na fase inicial (P