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La contaminación del aire en zonas urbanas debido a las emisiones automotrices e industriales es un problema global, incluyendo la ciudad de Quito- Ecuador. En este contexto, estudios previos han señalado el uso efectivo de bioindicadores de la calidad del aire utilizando criptógamas epífitas (briofitas y líquenes), que son organismos sensibles a los contaminantes porque absorben agua y nutrientes del ambiente. En este estudio, determinamos por primera vez los cambios en la riqueza y composición de criptógamas epífitas en el árbol hospedador Schinus molle comparando zonas de alto, medio y bajo tráfico de vehículos. Para ello, registramos la frecuencia y la cobertura de líquenes y briófitos con una cuadrícula de 10 x 50 cm, dividida en veinte cuadrados de 5 x 5 cm sobre árboles de Schinus molle. Se registraron 30 especies (23 líquenes y 7 briofitas). La riqueza, la cobertura y la diversidad no indicaron cambios en relación con el tráfico de vehículos, sin embargo, la composición de las comunidades indicó ligeros cambios en relación con el tráfico de vehículos. La composición de las especies indicó cambios en relación con el tráfico de vehículos, donde las especies de los géneros Leptogium y Teloschistes eran dominantes en las zonas con poco tráfico, por el contrario, las especies de los géneros Candelaria, Physcia y Frullania se observaron en zonas con más tráfico que son tolerantes a la contaminación. Schinus molle es una especie muy importante como refugio para la diversidad de criptógamas epífitas en zonas urbanas.

Through collections in 61 localities, the bryophytic flora of the Genal Valley is studied. A total of 154 taxa form the bryophytic diversity of the studied territory, 131 are mosses, 21 liverworts and 2 hornworts. Cephaloziella calyculata (Durieu & Mont.) Müll. Frib. and Geheebia erosa (J.A. Jiménez & J. Guerra) J.A. Jiménez & M.J. Cano are cited for the first time in Andalusia. Acaulon mediterraneum Limpr. and Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. are new records for the Malaga province. Taking into account their ecological behavior and habitats, the main bryophyte communities of the territory are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosses are used by many cultures to treat different diseases, probably due to their bioactive compounds, some of which may have antioxidant activity. This research evaluated the antioxidant activity (AA) of the species Breutelia subdisticha (Hampe) A. Jaeger, Leptodontium viticulosoides (P. Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. and Pylaisia falcata Schimp., from dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil (DPPH*) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS*+) methods. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) and relative antioxidant activity (% AAR) were determined from the extracts obtained using the Soxhlet technique, with subsequent statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc). The ethanolic extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than those of dichloromethane. By the DPPH* method the ethanolic extracts showed a relative antioxidant activity with respect to ascorbic acid for L. viticulosoides 3.06, B. subdisticha 177.00 and P. falcata 141.66. Using ABTS*+ method, ethanolic extracts showed a relative antioxidant activity with respect to ascorbic acid for L. viticulosoides 1.75, B. subdisticha 139.17 and P. falcata 120.22. In conclusion, L. viticulosoides exhibited the best antioxidant activity, therefore, we propose to continue with its research, in order to achieve a pharmacological application from a natural source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estudiamos los musgos que crecen en el valle del río Patía, en el suroccidente colombiano, que comprende zonas de bosque muy seco tropical y bosque seco premontano. En la franja altitudinal comprendida entre 550 y 1500 m s. n. m., encontramos 75 especies de musgos (28 familias y 53 géneros), 34 de ellas acrocárpicas (11 familias y 23 géneros) y 41 pleurocárpicas (17 familias y 30 géneros). Las familias con mayor número de especies son: Bryaceae (10), Pottiaceae (9), Hypnaceae (6), Macromitriaceae (5), Brachytheciaceae (5), Entodontaceae (5), Fissidentaceae (5) y Sematophyllaceae (4). Los géneros mejor representados son Bryum (6), Fissidens (5), Sematophyllum (4) y Entodon (3). El 60 % de las especies se encuentran en un solo tipo de sustrato: suelo (31), corteza (10), materia orgánica (3) y roca (1); el 40 % restante se encuentra en 2 o más sustratos. Bosques, matorrales, taludes y corrientes de agua son los hábitats preferidos por los musgos. Los elementos dominantes son neotropicales extraandinos (35 spp.), cosmopolitas (11), ampliamente tropicales (8) y afroamericanos (5).

Nonvascular plants (hornworts, mosses and liverworts) represent an important component of biodiversity in Cuban natural ecosystems; however, their presence in mountain agroecosystems has been little explored. The present study characterized the bryological diversity in agroforestry systems of the southern part of the Nipe and Cristal mountain ranges. The study area included six farms in the Santiago de Cuba province, in the municipalities of Mella (Pinalito and El Ocho de Mella) and Segundo Frente (El Guisaso, La Carolina, Las Mercedes and La Esperanza). In each one, random collections were made in the different habitats found. The bryological flora in the agroecosystems studied was represented by 37 species, in 30 genera and 21 families, with a predominance of generalist groups with a wide geographic distribution. The highest diversity was recorded in mosses (62 % of the total). No hornworts or endemics were recorded. The greatest diversity and exclusivity of taxa was recorded at the El Ocho de Mella farm. Among the forest formations evaluated, the mesophytic evergreen forest and the secondary vegetation registered the highest values of diversity. The 70 % of the taxa were collected as epiphytes and the corticolous taxa were the most representative group. The 62 % of the registered taxa presented a preliminary category of threat. Agroforestry systems, structured in areas of crops and areas of forests, represent an alternative to conserve remnants of the bryological flora in Cuban mountainous ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La vegetación no vascular está formada por líquenes, musgos, algas y cianobacterias tanto epífitas, como creciendo sobre el suelo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar los cambios producidos por el fuego en la cobertura de briófitos y líquenes del suelo en parcelas de bosques de Polylepis australis (tabaquillo) en el Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito (PNQC) en el centro de Argentina. En un sector del Área Protegida incendiado en setiembre de 2015 se seleccionaron 40 parcelas de 30 x 30 m, 20 en bosques no quemados y 20 en bosques quemados. Quince meses después del siniestro, en cada parcela se seleccionaron al azar cinco cuadrados de 2 x 2 m para estimar cobertura en suelo diferenciando líquenes y briófitos. Además, se registraron la cobertura de plantas vasculares, suelo desnudo y mantillo. Como variables explicativas se midió la orientación y pendiente en cada cuadrado y en cada parcela. Además, se estimó la cobertura de bosque previo al incendio y la severidad del fuego. Los resultados muestran una muy baja superficie ocupada por líquenes y briófitos en el suelo afectado por el fuego a pesar de la recuperación de la vegetación vascular. La cobertura de líquenes y briófitos varían en función de características del micrositio tanto en parcelas quemadas como no quemadas. Se discute el posible impacto de la pérdida de esta cobertura en el ecosistema de bosque de Polylepis.

From the study of samples mainly collected and reviewed under the Flora Briofítica Ibérica Project, we provide 27 new provincial records for Spain. Special mention deserves the new Iberian locality in Granada for Syntrichia handelii, an endangered species in Spain, Bryum mildeanum, Didymodon sicculus, Neckera besseri y Physcomitrium readeri new for Galicia, Catalonia, Andalusia and Extremadura, respectively and Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens y Schistidium strictum whose distribution range is extended from the Pyrenees to Cantabrian mountain range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los briófitos, especialmente musgos y hepáticas, son plantas no vasculares que han sido estudiados como bioindicadores de contaminación urbana ya que, por deposición atmosférica, retienen en sus tejidos gran cantidad de contaminantes producto de la actividad antrópica. Se realizó un muestreo de musgos y hepáticas presentes en la ciudad de Villavicencio (Meta-Colombia), con el fin de analizar la variabilidad espacial de las concentraciones de plomo retenidas en el tejido vegetal. Se estableció un muestreo en 59 puntos a lo largo de la ciudad, agrupándolos en cuatro zonas según su actividad principal: comerciales, residenciales, seminaturales y vías principales. En la identificación taxonómica se encontró que los géneros Fabronia sp. (Fabroniaceae) y Frullania sp. (Frullaniaceae), fueron los más abundantes. Las zonas de vías principales y comerciales presentaron las mayores concentraciones promedio de plomo de 12.62 mgKg-1 y 20.69 mgKg-1, respectivamente, estas zonas se caracterizaron por un alto flujo vehicular y oferta de servicios de mecánica automotriz que no cuentan con sistemas de gestión de residuos propios de la actividad. La comparación de las varianzas de las zonas estudiadas se realizó con el test estadístico ANDEVA que arrojó un valor p de 0.0028

We studied the mosses that occur in the Patía River valley, in southwestern Colombia, which includes very dry tropical forest and premontane dry forest. In the altitudinal range between 550 and 1500 m a. s. l., we found 75 species of mosses (28 families and 53 genera), 34 of them acrocarpic (11 families and 23 genera) and 41 pleurocarpic (17 families and 30 genera). The families with the greatest number of species are: Bryaceae (10), Pottiaceae (9), Hypnaceae (6), Macromitriaceae (5), Brachytheciaceae (5), Entodontaceae (5), Fissidentaceae (5) and Sematophyllaceae (4). Bryum (6), Fissidens (5), Sematophyllum (4) and Entodon (3) are the best represented genera. Sixty percent of the species are found in only one type of substrate: soil (31), bark (10), organic matter (3) and rock (1); the remaining 40 % are in two or more substrates. Forest, bush, banks and water streams are the habitats preferred by the mosses. The dominant elements are extra-Andean Neotropical (35 spp.), cosmopolitan (11), widely tropical (8) and African-American (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species composition of liverworts varies with altitude in the Northern part of the Andes due to the relationship of biotic (vegetation) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and sunlight brightness). In order to test this affirmation we determined the diversity, species composition, abundance, and distribution of species of Marchantiophyta in an altitudinal range from 2 400 to 3 400 m on the Colombian Cordillera Oriental, and established how these vary with altitude and life-zones, regarding abiotic factors. Samples, taken every 200 m in the altitudinal range, and environmental data were registered during a year. We found 162 species, the composition of liverworts varied throughout the altitudinal gradient with a high number of unique species in each altitude. The maximum diversity was found at 3 000 m, along with a dominance of leafy habit and epiphytic species, while the higher richness of families and genera was found between 3 200 and 3 400 m. Anoplolejeunea conferta had the largest value of coverage in the zone, the highest value of importance value index (IVI), and the widest altitudinal distribution, from 2 400 to 3 000 m in four different substrates. The liverworts were distributed differently with altitude, we found a high beta diversity (0.864) due to the replacement of species, with more that 30% of dissimilarity in species composition every 200 altitudinal meters, mainly depending on sunlight brightness variation. Accordingly, we found that abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, and sunlight brightness and its relationship vegetation are determinant in the diversity and altitudinal distribution of liverworts in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colombian bryoflora is considered one of the most diverse and widely distributed in the Andean mountains and the paramo areas, due to the variety of environments; it works like an erosion buffer zone and a humidity regulation that supports the environment and habitat conservation. This work was developed in a 100 ha Andean forest area, using nine linear transects of 100 x 4 m in the municipality of Bolívar (Santander, Colombia) and non-vascular plants were sampled in all substrates (soil, rocks, outcrops, organic matter and water tube-drainage). We recorded a total of 129 samples that belong to 72 species, 48 genera and 21 families, which represent the 7.78 % of the species in the country, and the 11.16 % of the current records in the department of Santander. Families with the highest number of species were Pilotricaceae (15), Neckeraceae and Fissidentaceae with seven species each one and Brachytheciaceae, Leucobryaceae and Thuidiaceae with five species each one. The richness genera are Lepidopilum (7), Fissidens (7) and Syrrhopodon (4); a total of 34 genera with just one species. Most of the moss species were found on the bark trees (20), followed by rocks (17) and soil (9) substrates. Concerning to life forms, the most abundant were, cushions (24 especies), turfs (23), dendroid (8), creeping (4) and pendulous (3). Using a DCA analysis we observed a greater richness in transects located inside the forest. Moreover, we found 36 new records for Santander and one for the country (Homaliodendron piniforme (Brid.) Enroth). These results showed that the Colombian sub-Andean forest may be the habitat of a considerable richness of mosses species and that is necessary to expand inventories of bryophytes in some Colombian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las micorrizas arbusculares han sido registradas para distintos representantes del Phylum Anthocerotophyta, entre ellos Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk. En este trabajo se da a conocer el tipo morfológico de colonización por parte de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en P. laevis, el cual corresponde a un intermedio entre los tipos Arum y Paris. Además, esta asociación se menciona por primera vez para los bosques templados del hemisferio sur. Se presentan descripciones breves e imágenes de las estructuras características de las micorrizas arbusculares presentes en P. laevis.

Bryophytes play a key role in peatland ecosystems; they participate directly in the constitution of peat and in the maintenance of these ecosystems. Nevertheless, the knowledge of this group is highly limited, specifically for liverworts. Therefore, we present a key to determine liverworts, restricted to peatland habitats and swamp forests of Tepualia stipularis (Hook. & Arn.) Griseb. of Isla Grande de Chiloé ( Chile ). This key includes the main reported taxa for these ecosystems and it is based on vegetative characters to facilitate identification. Fifty-two species and 28 genera are included. These taxa belong to 19 families. The best represented families are: Lepidoziaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Plagiochilaceae, and Aneuraceae. Chiloscyphus, Plagiochila, and Riccardia are the richest genera. A separate key for each group with similar characters and alphabetical taxa list are provided.

Birds' nests are elaborate constructions that are built to provide a safe and secure environment for the eggs and hatchlings of birds to develop. Twigs and leaves represent common nesting materials in birds' nests globally and with their beaks, they can carry materials, sometimes larger than the birds themselves, to construct their nests. In addition to twigs and leaves, birds also use various other materials less frequently, such as bryophytes, and in this study we examined the prevalence of bryophytes in birds' nests in Brazil. We analyzed the nest composition of 21 birds' nests from the Brazilian bryophyte collection at the Institute of Botany (SP Herbarium) and found that bryophytes were a widely used nesting material. The liverworts were dominant in terms of the species richness and the main structural components of the nests were mosses because they represent the main group of structurally bigger and constitutive bryophytes in the habitat in which the birds bred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a catalogue of 273 species of bryophytes in La Libertad Region, Peru. The study was based on the revision of material deposited or referenced preferably in the HUT and MO herbaria, on the determination of specialists and on the comparison with the species documented in official studies of bryophytes for this region. The material examined comes from the collections made by P.D. Hegewald & E.H. Hegewald (EPH) and of those made in the various botanical expeditions by personnel of Herbarium Truxillense (HUT) of the National University of Trujillo throughout its history, unless otherwise indicated. For each species, we indicate the geographical distribution according to the provinces and altitudes and representative example(s) signed by the collector(s) and the number of the main collector, followed by the acronym of the herbarium where it was deposited, as well as the common name if it existed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the study of samples collected and reviewed under the Flora Briofítica Ibérica Project as well as the examination of bryophytes from Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga), we provide 32 new provincial records for Spain and two for Portugal. Special mention deserves the new Iberian locality for Scorpidium scorpioides, an endangered species in Spain, whose distribution range is extended to upper Ebro valley and two new localities for Stegonia latifolia, classified as vulnerable species in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo de investigación se propagaron, bajo condiciones in vitro, propágulos de Marchantia polymorpha evaluando su desarrollo vegetativo mediante observaciones y registros semanales a cada cultivo por tratamiento en función del tiempo de desarrollo. En este contexto, se evaluó cualitativamente la forma y las características del talo, las cuales se valoraron mediante observaciones y registros semanales. Se analizaron los resultados cuantitativos mediante un análisis de varianza con diseño al azar y arreglo factorial 4 x 2, mediante la prueba estadística de Fisher. Las condiciones apropiadas de cultivo para propágulos de M. polymorpha se establecieron en una concentración de 25% de sales minerales Murashige y Skoog (1962), incubados a una temperatura de 25 ± 1 ºC. Luego de 13 semanas de desarrollo bajo condiciones in vitro, se adaptaron a condiciones naturales mediante un cambio de sustrato, y controlando la temperatura y humedad en el lugar de desarrollo. En esta etapa se evaluó la sobrevivencia de plantas durante 10 semanas; posteriormente al cambio de condiciones, y como característica cualitativa, se tuvo en cuenta el vigor del talo. Este protocolo de propagación de M. polymorpha, pionero en Colombia, es un modelo que permite conservar y cultivar de manera masiva diferentes especies de briófitos, especialmente aquellos que se encuentran en vías de extinción en nuestro país. Palabras clave: briófitos; cultivo in vitro; cultivo ex vitro. Abstract Marchantia polymorpha propagules were propagated in this research in in vitro conditions to assess their growth in terms of development time. Development rate and contamination regarding each treatment were also evaluated by weekly observations and crop records for each experimental unit per treatment. Talus shape and characteristics were also qualitatively evaluated by weekly observations and records. Fisher’s statistical test was used for analysing quantitative results by variance analysis with random design and 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Appropriate conditions for cultivating M. polymorpha propagules were established at 25% Murashige and Skoog mineral salt concentration (1962), incubated at 25ºC ± 1ºC. After 13 weeks development in in vitro conditions, they were adapted to natural conditions by changing development site substrate and controlling temperature and humidity. Plant survival was evaluated for 10 weeks during this stage. Conditions were then changed and (as qualitative characteristic) talus vigour was taken into account. In was also determined that the ex vitro cultivation level should allow for gradual adjustment to new humidity, temperature and substrate conditions, taking special care that these conditions were not so altered as to become insurmountable. This pioneering M. polymorpha propagation protocol in Colombia is a model for the future maintenance and mass development of different bryophyte species, especially those which are endangered in our country. Key words: bryophyte; in vitro culture; ex vitro culture.

Se presenta una reseña histórica sobre el origen, consolidación, actualidad y perspectivas del Herbario de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (HPUJ). Entre los sucesos más importantes se destaca la inscripción en el Index Herbariorum bajo el acrónimo HPUJ en 1986 y el registro oficial ante el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt en 2001 (Registro No. 11), según la Resolución 1115 de 2000 del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. El objetivo del HPUJ es ser una colección de referencia científica reconocida y centro de docencia e investigación de la flora de Colombia, que cumpla con las funciones de conservación,investigación, docencia, exhibición y servicio. Actualmente el HPUJ reúne cerca de 42 000 ejemplares organizados en dos grandes grupos uno la colección general que comprende las Spermatophyta(Angiospermae y Gymnospermae) y un segundo grupo denominado colecciones menores que incluyen colecciones de tipos, pteridofitos, briofitos, líquenes, algas macroscópicas, micoteca (macrohongos),antoteca (flores en preservante líquido), carpoteca (frutos y semillas), xiloteca (muestras de madera), palinoteca (muestras de polen), colección en sílica gel, ilustraciones botánicas y productos etnobotánicos. Actualmente el herbario tiene su mayor fortaleza en la flora de alta montaña colombiana y en la familiaOrchidaceae.

Twelve mosses within nine genera of Pottiaceae, including Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt., A. stracheyanum Mitt., Barbula cf. seramensis H.Akiyama, Chionoloma bombayense (Müll.Hal.) P.Sollman, Gymnostomiella erosula (Müll.Hal. ex Dusén) Arts, G. vernicosa (Harv.) M.Fleisch., Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp., H. orientale (F.Weber) Kučera, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon, Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger, Leptodontium viticulosoides (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. and Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll.Hal., are newly reported for São Tomé and Príncipe and eight of these species represent the first report for the Gulf of Guinea islands. Notes on habitat and distribution are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alpha and beta diversity and the distribution of substrates of rheophilous bryophytes in three streams were determinate (Salto del Sereno, Pajarito and Paraíso localities), located in Montes de María (Sucre, Colombia). Two transects of 50 x 2m were conducted at each sampling site during the rainy season. The class Bryopsida presented 22 species and Hepaticopsida presented 9. The families of mosses with the largest number of species were Bryaceae (3 species), Neckeraceae (2), Pottiaceae (2). In liverworts, Lejeuneaceae (6), and the richest genera were Fissidens (5 species), Fabronia (2), Lejeunea (3) and Mastigolejeunea (2). The type of substrate with increased incidence of bryophytes was the epilithic (29 species), followed by epiphyte-corticolous (16) and terrestrial (13). The 31 species registered here, are new records for the department, 24 for the Caribbean region and one for Colombia (Hyophiladelphus agrarius). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]