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The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. To evaluate the effect of NaCl content on microbiological, biochemical, physicochemical, and sensorial characteristics, Munster cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk seeded with 3 yeasts (Kluyveromyces marxianus, Debaryomyces hansenii , and Geotrichum candidum) and 5 ripening bacteria (Arthrobacter arilaitensis, Brevibacterium aurantiacum, Corynebacterium casei, Hafnia alvei , and Staphylococcus equorum). Experiments were performed in triplicate under 1.0%, 1.7%, and 2.4% NaCl levels in cheese. Ripening (d 2–27) was carried out at 12°C and 96% relative humidity. These kinetics were both reproducible and repeatable at a 99% confidence level. For each microbial, biochemical, and physicochemical parameter, 2 kinetic descriptors (the maximal or minimal rate and its occurrence time) were defined. On d 2, the physicochemical variables (water activity, dry matter, and water content) were strongly dependent on the salting level. From d 2 to d 27, K. lactis was insensitive to salt, whereas D. hansenii was stimulated. Geotrichum candidum growth appeared very sensitive to salt in cheese: at 1.0% NaCl, G. candidum exhibited overgrowth, negatively affecting rind appearance, underrind consistency and thickness, and off-flavor flaws. A salt concentration of 2.4% induced death of G. candidum. A total of 4 bacteria (A. arilaitensis, B. aurantiacum, C. casei , and H. alvei) were moderately sensitive to salt, but S. equorum was insensitive to it. Salt level in cheese had a significant effect on carbon substrate consumption rates. The lactate consumption rate in 1.0% salted cheeses was approximately twice higher than under 2.4% NaCl. Data analysis of microorganism, biochemical, and physicochemical kinetics, as well as sensory analysis, showed that 1.7% NaCl was the best salt level in Munster-type cheeses to achieve an optimum balance between cheese characteristics, sensory qualities, and marketability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the intestinal microbiota can influence the metabolism and overall functioning of avian organisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different probiotics and an antibiotic on the microbiomes of 1.400 male Cobb® broiler raised for 42 days. The experiment was conducted with the following treatments: positive control diet (basal diet + antibiotic); negative control diet (basal diet without antibiotic and without probiotic); basal diet + Normal Avian Gut Flora (NAGF); basal diet + multiple colonizing strain probiotics (MCSPs); and basal diet + non-colonizing single strain probiotics (NCSSPs). The antibiotic (enramycin—antibiotic growth promoter) and probiotics were administered orally during all experiment (1 to 42 days), mixed with broiler feed. To determine the composition of the microbiota, five samples of ileal digesta were collected from 42-day-old chickens of each experimental group. The alpha and beta diversity of the ileal microbiota showed differences between the groups. MCSPs presented greater richness and uniformity compared to the positive control, negative control, and NCSSPs treatments, while the negative control exhibited greater homogeneity among samples than NCSSPs. MCSPs also showed a higher abundance of the genus Enterococcus. There were differences between the groups for low-abundance taxa (<0.5%), with NAGF showing higher levels of Delftia, Brevibacterium, and Bulleidia. In contrast, NCSSPs had a higher abundance of Ochrobactrum, Rhodoplanes, and Nitrospira. It was concluded that the treatments analyzed in this study induced modulations in the ileal microbiota of the chickens examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation seeks to determine the antibiotic-producing potential of bacteria in inhibiting the growth of other organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The bacterial isolates were identified using standard cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterization. These were further screened for their antibiotic-producing potential using the Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) media. The identified bacterial isolates had a mean viable count ranging between 1.38×106/1,380,000 cfu/ml and 1.52×106/1,520,000 cfu/ml. Micrococcus roseus, Brevibacterium species, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus cereus were the predominant bacterial isolates. Nonetheless, the antibiotic test revealed that Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, whereas Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis showed zones of inhibition against E. coli. This study shows that Bacillus species have the potential to produce antibiotics and can be used to control microbial growth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition and structure of gut microbiota are easily influenced by external factors, especially host genetics. While horses are closely related to human life, there is a lack of research comparing the gut microbiota compositions and differences between native Mongolian horse (MH) and imported Dutch Warmblood horse (DH). Here, we collected feces from MH and DH and compared the differences in gut microbiota between the two breeds of horses using amplicon sequencing. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the diversity of gut microbiota between the two breeds of horses. At the phylum level, both Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most dominant phyla in all samples, independent of species. In addition, we also observed significant differences in 78 bacterial genera between the MH and DH, of which 36 genera (Bifidobacterium, Chujaibacter, Lactobacillus, Rothia, etc.) were significantly increased in DH and 42 genera (Aequorivita, Aeromicrobium, Psychrobacillus, Brevibacterium, etc.) were significantly decreased compared with MH. Altogether, this investigation dissected the compositions and differences of the gut microbiota between DH and MH and observed distinct differences in the gut microbiota between the two breeds of horses. Furthermore, these findings enhance our comprehension of the gut microbiome features of distinct horse breeds, which helps to analyze the differences in traits among different horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer is a biodegradable microbial polyester that is intracellularly accruing due to the depletion of nitrogen and phosphorous resources and an increase in carbon supply. As part of this research investigation, Sudan Black B staining, fermentation, chloroform-sodium hypochlorite solvent-based extraction, and characterization of extracted PHB were used to isolate and identify organisms capable of producing PHB. Brevibacterium casei (OQ519751) was used to synthesize PHB biopolymer from agro-residues (orange peel, mangosteen peel, sugarcane bagasse, water hyacinth, and jackfruit peel). Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the Central Composite Design (CCD) has proven to be highly effective for optimizing PHB synthesis. The optimal conditions determined through RSM allowed Brevibacterium casei to produce significant amounts of PHB when compared to an unoptimized medium. The model demonstrated statistical significance, as indicated by the F-value of 19.96 with an associated p-value of <0.0001. Furthermore, with an optimized pH level of 7, temperature of 37°C, and yeast extract as the nitrogen source, the carbon source water hyacinth was found to synthesize an enhanced quantity of a PHB yield of 1.29 g/L from 2.2 g/L of dry biomass (58.63%). PHB characterization was done with the aid of FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) analysis. The degradation study of PHB films was performed by soil burial method and morphological changes were scrutinized by SEM analysis. The results reveal that utilizing water hyacinth as a feedstock employs an enhanced production of PHB. This is the first report to synthesize maximum yield of PHB from Brevibacterium casei using water hyacinth as a substrate for production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença autossômica recessiva que afeta principalmente o sistema respiratório, resultando em infecções crônicas e deterioração da função pulmonar, além de comumente afetar o sistema digestivo e o pâncreas. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos uma criança do sexo feminino de 8 anos com FC, colonizada por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, que desenvolveu exacerbação pulmonar não responsiva ao tratamento empírico inicial de amplo espectro direcionado contra os agentes de colonização prévia. Brevibacterium sp. foi detectado em cultura de lavado broncoalveolar coletada em broncoscopia. O esquema antimicrobiano foi mudado para meropenem e amicacina com melhora clínica e radiológica após 23 dias de tratamento, recebendo alta após 30 dias de internação para seguimento ambulatorial. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde considerem a possibilidade de germes atípicos em casos de exacerbação pulmonar em pacientes com fibrose cística, principalmente em crianças sem resposta clínica inicial ao tratamento instituído empírico de amplo espectro.

Abstract Exploring Brevibacterium strains from various ecosystems may lead to the discovery of new antibiotic-producing strains. Brevibacterium sp. H-BE7, a strain isolated from marine sediments from Northern Patagonia, Chile, had its genome sequenced to study the biosynthetic potential to produce novel natural products within the Brevibacterium genus. The genome sequences of 98 Brevibacterium strains, including strain H-BE7, were selected for a genomic analysis. A phylogenomic cladogram was generated, which divided the Brevibacterium strains into four major clades. A total of 25 strains are potentially unique new species according to Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) values. These strains were isolated from various environments, emphasizing the importance of exploring diverse ecosystems to discover the full diversity of Brevibacterium. Pangenome analysis of Brevibacterium strains revealed that only 2.5% of gene clusters are included within the core genome, and most gene clusters occur either as singletons or as cloud genes present in less than ten strains. Brevibacterium strains from various phylogenomic clades exhibit diverse BGCs. Specific groups of BGCs show clade-specific distribution patterns, such as siderophore BGCs and carotenoid-related BGCs. A group of clade IV-A Brevibacterium strains possess a clade-specific Polyketide synthase (PKS) BGCs that connects with phenazine-related BGCs. Within the PKS BGC, five genes, including the biosynthetic PKS gene, participate in the mevalonate pathway and exhibit similarities with the phenazine A BGC. However, additional core biosynthetic phenazine genes were exclusively discovered in nine Brevibacterium strains, primarily isolated from cheese. Evaluating the antibacterial activity of strain H-BE7, it exhibited antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Chemical dereplication identified bioactive compounds, such as 1-methoxyphenazine in the crude extracts of strain H-BE7, which could be responsible of the observed antibacterial activity. While strain H-BE7 lacks the core phenazine biosynthetic genes, it produces 1-methoxyphenazine, indicating the presence of an unknown biosynthetic pathway for this compound. This suggests the existence of alternative biosynthetic pathways or promiscuous enzymes within H-BE7’s genome.

Exploring Brevibacterium strains from various ecosystems may lead to the discovery of new antibiotic-producing strains. Brevibacterium sp. H-BE7, a strain isolated from marine sediments from Northern Patagonia, Chile, had its genome sequenced to study the biosynthetic potential to produce novel natural products within the Brevibacterium genus. The genome sequences of 98 Brevibacterium strains, including strain H-BE7, were selected for a genomic analysis. A phylogenomic cladogram was generated, which divided the Brevibacterium strains into four major clades. A total of 25 strains are potentially unique new species according to Average Nucleotide Identity (ANIb) values. These strains were isolated from various environments, emphasizing the importance of exploring diverse ecosystems to discover the full diversity of Brevibacterium. Pangenome analysis of Brevibacterium strains revealed that only 2.5% of gene clusters are included within the core genome, and most gene clusters occur either as singletons or as cloud genes present in less than ten strains. Brevibacterium strains from various phylogenomic clades exhibit diverse BGCs. Specific groups of BGCs show clade-specific distribution patterns, such as siderophore BGCs and carotenoid-related BGCs. A group of clade IV-A Brevibacterium strains possess a clade-specific Polyketide synthase (PKS) BGCs that connects with phenazine-related BGCs. Within the PKS BGC, five genes, including the biosynthetic PKS gene, participate in the mevalonate pathway and exhibit similarities with the phenazine A BGC. However, additional core biosynthetic phenazine genes were exclusively discovered in nine Brevibacterium strains, primarily isolated from cheese. Evaluating the antibacterial activity of strain H-BE7, it exhibited antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Chemical dereplication identified bioactive compounds, such as 1-methoxyphenazine in the crude extracts of strain H-BE7, which could be responsible of the observed antibacterial activity. While strain H-BE7 lacks the core phenazine biosynthetic genes, it produces 1-methoxyphenazine, indicating the presence of an unknown biosynthetic pathway for this compound. This suggests the existence of alternative biosynthetic pathways or promiscuous enzymes within H-BE7's genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2'-deoxyguanosine is a key medicinal intermediate that could be used to synthesize anti-cancer drug and biomarker in type 2 diabetes. In this study, an enzymatic cascade using thymidine phosphorylase from Escherichia coli (EcTP) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Brevibacterium acetylicum (BaPNP) in a one-pot whole cell catalysis was proposed for the efficient synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine. BaPNP was semi-rationally designed to improve its activity, yielding the best triple variant BaPNP-Mu3 (E57A/T189S/L243I), with a 5.6-fold higher production of 2'-deoxyguanosine than that of wild-type BaPNP (BaPNP-Mu0). Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the engineering of BaPNP-Mu3 resulted in a larger and more flexible substrate entrance channel, which might contribute to its catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, by coordinating the expression of BaPNP-Mu3 and EcTP, a robust whole cell catalyst W05 was created, capable of producing 14.8 mM 2'-deoxyguanosine (74.0% conversion rate) with a high time-space yield (1.32 g/L/h) and therefore being very competitive for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-methioninase degrades methionine, which is essential in methionine-dependent cancer cells, resulting in specific cell death. Normal cells can synthesize their own methionine amino acids even in the absence of exogenous methionine. This selective targeting of cancer cells makes L-methioninase a promising therapeutic candidate for cancer. In this study, L-methioninase was partially purified from Brevibacterium linens BL2. The specific activity of the enzyme was found as 3.055 units/mg. IC50 values (24 h) of the enzyme were 5.792 units/mL for U87MG cell line and 5.215 units/mL for T98G cell line. When L-methioninase and etoposide were used in combination, synergistic cytotoxic and cell migration inhibition effects on U87MG and T98G cells alongside decreased cytotoxic activity on the Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast and HaCaT cells compared to etoposide alone were observed. Additionally, colony numbers of U87MG cells were significantly reduced by L-methioninase and etoposide administration after 21 days of incubation. Furthermore, L-methioninase suppressed the expression levels of survivin and c-Myc while increasing the expression level of Caspase-3 in both glioblastoma cell lines. These effects were enhanced when etoposide was used in combination with etoposide. This investigation reveals that the L-methioninase enzyme not only exhibited cytotoxic effects on U87MG and T98G cells but also enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of etoposide when used in combination while also demonstrating fewer adverse effects on normal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen has been identified as one of the main causes leading to desiccation damage, while the time that the microorganism is exposed to ambient conditions can contribute to its degradation. At the Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Camagüey, an ecological product with a solid formulation with proven bionematicidal action called HeberNem-S® was developed, whose active ingredient is the Gram-positive bacterium Brevibacterium celere C-924. In the present work, a stability study of the active ingredient of the HeberNem-S? product was carried out at temperatures of 16, 28 and 37 °C without vacuum. As a result of the study, a mathematical model was obtained that simulates the degradation that occurs in the range of temperatures evaluated and without vacuum. The logarithmic-exponential mathematical model obtained makes it possible to estimate the degree of survival in the face of environmental modifications associated with the parameters studied, without the need to carry out experimental evaluations to determine viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

epsilon-Caprolactam (Caprolactam, CAP), a monomer of the synthetic non-degradable polymer nylon-6, is the major wastewater component in the production of caprolactam and nylon-6. Biological treatment of CAP, using microbes could be a potent alternative to the current waste utilization techniques. This work focuses on the characterization and potential use of caprolactam-degrading bacterial strain BS3 isolated from soils polluted by CAP production wastes. The strain was identified as Brevibacterium epidermidis based on the studies of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This study is the first to report the ability of Brevibacterium to utilize CAP. Strain BS3 is an alcalo- and halotolerant organism, that grows within a broad range of CAP concentrations, from 0.5 up to 22.0 g/L, optimally at 1.0–2.0 g/L. A caprolactam biodegradation experiment using gas chromatography showed BS3 to degrade 1.0 g/L CAP over 160 h. In contrast to earlier characterized narrow-specific CAP-degrading bacteria, strain BS3 is also capable of utilizing linear nylon oligomers (oligomers of 6-aminohexanoic acid), CAP polymerization by-products, as sole sources of carbon and energy. The broad range of utilized toxic pollutants, the tolerance for high CAP concentrations, as well as the physiological properties of B. epidermidis BS3, determine the prospects of its use for the biological cleanup of CAP and nylon-6 production wastes that contain CAP, 6-aminohexanoic acid, and low molecular weight oligomer fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brevibacterium linens (B. linens) is a dairy microorganism used in the production of washed cheese. However, there has been little research on B. linens, especially regarding its effects in vivo. Herein, we report the morphological characteristics of B. linens, such as its two‐phase growth and V‐ and Y‐shaped bodies. We also report that oral administration of B. linens increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and promoted the growth of lactobacilli and short‐chain fatty acid‐producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae and Muribaculaceae. These findings suggest that the ingestion of B. linens may have beneficial effects in humans and animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, have generated a problem of environmental contamination. The most current studies suggest a solution to this situation, based on microbiological degradation or biotransformation, using axenic microbial cultures. Objective: To develop a systematic mapping of the scientific literature on research on bacteria and fungi in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Methodology: The exploration, classification, verification and study of the documents with the respective research guidelines in relation to the purpose of this research was carried out. The documents obtained from WoS and Scopus were merged and replicas were eliminated, using the R studio software. Subsequently, a study of origin, theoretical reference, bibliometric and network study on bacteria and fungi in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons was developed. Results: The search yielded a total of 424 records. It was evidenced that the subject has had a significant increase over the years, mainly from 2015, with an increase of 51.9% and an annual increase rate of 10.41%. The country with the highest scientific production is China with 67 publications. According to the scientific papers reviewed until 2021, this is the first systemic review study on BHBH, which has used the R studio application to analyze the bibliographic productivity on this topic. Conclusion: Some of the native bacteria that biodegrade hydrocarbons are Gordonia, Brevibacterium, Dietzia, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For fungi they are Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium. For yeasts they are Candida, Yarrowia, Pichia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality from complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, shunt malfunction and in some cases, recurrence of infection. Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium are gram positive organisms that are rarely implicated in VP shunt infections but are more commonly associated with colonization of dialysis and central venous catheters. Typical microbiological isolates in VP shunt infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative rods. Here, we describe the case of a young woman who had VP shunt placement for over a decade without any history of infection, and now presented with new-onset VP shunt co-infection with Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium organisms.

Chickens are in constant interaction with their environment, e.g., bedding and litter, and their microbiota. However, how litter microbiota develops over time and whether bedding and litter microbiota may affect the cecal microbiota is not clear. We addressed these questions using sequencing of V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes of cecal, bedding, and litter samples from broiler breeder chicken flocks for 4 months of production. Cecal, bedding, and litter samples were populated by microbiota of distinct composition. The microbiota in the bedding material did not expand in the litter. Similarly, major species from litter microbiota did not expand in the cecum. Only cecal microbiota was found in the litter forming approximately 20% of total litter microbiota. A timedependent development of litter microbiota was observed. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Weissella jogaejeotgali were characteristic of fresh litter during the first month of production. Corynebacterium casei, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus salivarius dominated in a 2-month-old litter, Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, and Sphingobacterium were characteristic for 3-month-old litter, and Salinococcus, Dietzia, Yaniella, and Staphylococcus lentus were common in a 4-month-old litter. Although the development was likely determined by physicochemical conditions in the litter, it might be interesting to test some of these species for active modification of litter to improve the chicken environment and welfare. IMPORTANCE Despite intimate contact, the composition of bedding, litter, and cecal microbiota differs considerably. Species characteristic for litter microbiota at different time points of chicken production were identified thus opening the possibility for active manipulation of litter microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have received increased attention due to their prospective use as biofertilizers for the enhancement of crop growth and yields. However, there is a growing need to identify new PGPR isolates with additional beneficial properties. In this paper, we describe the identification of a new strain of a non-sporulating Gram-positive bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of potato plants, classified as Brevibacterium sediminis MG-1 based on whole-genome sequencing. The bacteria are aerobic; they grow in a pH range of 6.0–10.0 (optimum 6.0), and a temperature range of 20–37 °C (optimum 30 °C). At 96 h of cultivation, strain MG-1 synthesizes 28.65 µg/ml of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) when 500 µg/ml of l-tryptophan is added. It is a producer of catechol-type siderophores and ACC deaminase (213 ± 12.34 ng/ml) and shows halotolerance. Treatment of pea, rye, and wheat seeds with a suspension of MG-1 strain cells resulted in the stimulation of stem and root biomass accumulation by 12–26% and 6–25% (P < 0.05), respectively. Treatment of seeds with bacteria in the presence of high salt concentration reduced the negative effects of salt stress on plant growth by 18–50%. The hypothetical gene lin, encoding the bacteriocin Linocin-M18, RIPP-like proteins, and polyketide synthase type III (T3PKS) loci, gene clusters responsible for iron acquisition and metabolism of siderophores, as well as gene clusters responsible for auxin biosynthesis, were identified in the B. sediminis MG-1 genome. Thus, the rhizosphere-associated strain B. sediminis MG-1 has growth-stimulating properties and can be useful for the treatment of plants grown on soils with high salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some species of the genus Brevibacterium are orange bacteria involved in cheese ripening, synthesis of odoriferous compounds, and carotenoids with aromatic end groups. Here, we report the genome sequence of Brevibacterium sp. XU54, isolated from radioactive soil in Xinjiang, China. The genome of XU54 consists of 4,899,099 base pairs with a GC content of 62.2%. The genome sequence was annotated with 4453 genes, encoding 4260 proteins, 13 rRNAs, and 49 tRNAs. 16S rRNA BLAST and comparative genomic analysis both indicated that XU54 may be a new species of Brevibacterium. In addition, compared to the type strains, some enzymes related to sulfur metabolism showed a low similarity of 66.85, 79.53 and 14.61%, respectively. The carotenoids biosynthesis gene cluster was identified and analyzed according to the genomic data, which revealed relatively low identity (5–85%) with existing strains. The optimum conditions for its growth and carotenoid production were then discussed. The whole-genome sequence of Brevibacterium sp. XU54 will be beneficial for utilizing these newly identified genes in carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation of sulfur metabolism pathway to promote the production of novel carotenoids and other structurally diverse compounds through combinatorial biosynthesis, which facilitates cheese ripening and coloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity has emerged as a serious issue for food security due to global climate change. It is estimated that currently about 62 million hectares or 20 percent of the world's irrigated land is affected by salinity. Salinity is a serious problem in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Isolation of salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and applying them as bioinoculants in crop plants are considered promising and effective biotechnological approaches to combat soil salinity. This study aimed to screen salt-tolerant PGPB from the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soils of rice plants collected from salt-affected coastal areas including Chattogram, Noakhali, Lakshmipur, and Cox's Bazar districts of Bangladesh and evaluated their performances on the seedling growth of rice. Out of forty-one salinity-tolerant bacterial isolates screened, Brevibacterium sediminis showed salinity tolerance up to 12% NaCl (w/v). In vitro bioassay revealed that B. sediminis promoted the seedling growth of rice cv. BRRI dhan29 (salinity susceptible) and BINAdhan-10 (salinity tolerant), and the growth-promoting effects were higher in BINAdhan-10. This study for the first time identified B. sediminis strain IBGE3C as a salt-tolerant PGPB from a widely cultivated rice variety, BRRI dhan28 in the Lakshmipur district of Bangladesh. Our results suggest that salt-tolerant PGPB isolated from the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil of rice plants could be used as a low cost and environmentally friendly option for overcoming the detrimental effects of salt stress on rice plants in the southern coastal regions of Bangladesh. However, further studies are needed for assessing the efficacy of B. sediminis on enhancement of salinity tolerance, and growth and yield of rice under salinity stressed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smear-ripened cheeses host complex microbial communities that play a crucial role in the ripening process. Although bacteriophages have been frequently isolated from dairy products, their diversity and ecological role in such this type of cheese remain underexplored. In order to fill this gap, the main objective of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteriophages from the rind of a smear-ripened cheese. Thus, viral particles extracted from the cheese rind were tested through a spot assay against a collection of bacteria isolated from the same cheese and identified by sequencing the full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. In total, five virulent bacteriophages infecting Brevibacterium aurantiacum, Glutamicibacter arilaitensis, Leuconostoc falkenbergense and Psychrobacter aquimaris species were obtained. All exhibit a narrow host range, being only able to infect a few cheese-rind isolates within the same species. The complete genome of each phage was sequenced using both Nanopore and Illumina technologies, assembled and annotated. A sequence comparison with known phages revealed that four of them may represent at least new genera. The distribution of the five virulent phages into the dairy-plant environment was also investigated by PCR, and three potential reservoirs were identified. This work provides new knowledge on the cheese rind viral community and an overview of the distribution of phages within a cheese factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key messageCarrizo transgenic plants overexpressing methionine-gamma-lyase produced dimethyl sulfide. The transgenic plants displayed more resistance to nematode attacks (Tylenculus semipenetrans) and may represent an innovative strategy for nematode control. Tylenchulus semipenetrans is a nematode pest of many citrus varieties that causes extensive damage to commercial crops worldwide. Carrizo citrange vr. (Citrus sinensis L. Usb × Poncirus trifoliate L. Raf) plants overexpressing Brevibacterium linens methionine-gamma-lyase (BlMGL) produced the sulfur volatile compound dimethyl sulfide (DMS). The aim of this work was to determine if transgenic citrus plants expressing BlMGL showed increased tolerance to T. semipenetrans infestation and to determine the effect on the content of key amino acids. While transgenic lines emitted dimethyl sulfide from leaves and roots, no sulfur-containing volatiles were detectable in wild-type Carrizo in the same tissues. Significant changes detected some key amino acids from leaves of transgenic plants such as aspartate, lysine, glycine, leucine and threonine with no changes in the amounts of methionine and α-ketobutyrate. In roots only glycine showed significant changes across all transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type plants. Transgenic plants expressing BlMGL and emitting DMS had less T. semipenetrans aggregation and more biomass than infected WT control plants, indicating that they may represent an innovative management alternative to pesticide/nematicide-based remedies.

Many marine sponges harbor dense communities of microbes that aid in the chemical defense of these nonmotile hosts. Metabolites that comprise this chemical arsenal can have pharmaceutically-relevant activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer properties. Previous investigation of the Caribbean giant barrel sponge Xestospongia muta revealed a microbial community including novel Actinobacteria, a phylum well known for its production of antibiotic compounds. This novel assemblage was investigated for its ability to produce compounds that inhibit M. tuberculosis by using a bioinformatics approach. Microbial extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of M. tb and genomes of the 11 strains that showed anti-M. tb activity including Micrococcus (n=2), Micromonospora (n=4), Streptomyces (n=3), and Brevibacterium spp. (n=2) were sequenced by using Illumina MiSeq. Three assembly algorithms/pipelines (SPAdes, A5-miseq and Shovill) were compared for their ability to construct contigs with minimal gaps to maximize the probability of identifying complete biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) present in the genomes. Although A5-miseq and Shovill usually assembled raw reads into the fewest contigs, after necessary post-assembly filtering, SPAdes generally produced the most complete genomes with the fewest contigs. This study revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the different assemblers based on their ease of use and ability to be manipulated based on output format. None of the assembly methods handle contamination well and high-quality DNA is a prerequisite. BGCs of compounds with known anti-TB activity were identified in all Micromonospora and Streptomyces strains (genomes > 5 Mb), while no such BGCs were identified in Micrococcus or Brevibacterium strains (genomes < 5 Mb). The majority of the putative BGCs identified were located on contig edges, emphasizing the inability of short-read assemblers to resolve repeat regions and supporting the need for long-read sequencing to fully resolve BGCs.

[Brevibacterium] flavum CCM 251 is used to produce l-lysine in the Biotika biotech factory in Slovenská Ľupča, Slovakia. [B.] flavum CCM 251 is the exclusive host of the lytic corynephage BFK20, which has been extensively studied. We have sequenced the complete genome of [B.] flavum CCM 251 using a combination of the Illumina MiSeq platform and MinION technology. The genome comprised a circular chromosome of 3362281 bp with 54.13% G + C content. In this study, we present an analysis of this genome. We identified six prophage-related sequence regions; three of these regions were classified as incomplete and the three others as questionable. The prophages were classified as Caudovirales, family Siphoviridae. In silico analyses of the genome identified two complete aspartate biosynthetic pathways involved in l-lysine production, a direct variant and a succinylase variant. The complete genome sequence of [B.] flavum CCM 251 (GenBank, CP079240) was compared with the genomes of other Corynebacterial strains. We confirmed these related strains have high similarity: 98.12% homology to C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 (EMBL BA00036) and 99.98% homology to [B.] flavum ATCC 15168 and C. glutamicum BE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To isolate polystyrene‐degrading bacteria from the gut of superworms and investigate their ability to degrade polystyrene (PS). Methods and Results: Three PS‐degrading bacteria identified as Pseudomonas sp. EDB1, Bacillus sp. EDA4 and Brevibacterium sp. EDX were successfully isolated from the gut of superworms (Zophobas atratus Larvae) that ingest PS. Incubating PS with each strain for 30‐day led to the formation of biofilm on the PS film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed considerable damage (in terms of pits formation) on the surface of the PS films. FTIR analysis suggested the incorporation of carbonyl group into the carbon backbone of PS. Decreasing of WCA of microbial‐treated PS film confirmed a chemical change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity on the PS surface. Based on these results, we conclude that all isolates had the ability to degrade PS. Conclusions: Brevibacterium sp. EDX (GenBank MZ32399) was isolated as the most efficient PS‐degrading strain based on the most changing in both PS surface morphology (SEM and WCA analyses) and chemical modification (FTIR analysis) in its PS degradation process. Significance and Impact of the Study: This was the first study to describe the PS degradation by Brevibacterium sp. EDX, and thus provided for its development in the plastic remediation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Struvite biomineralization is a promising method for phosphorus recovery from wastewater treatment plant streams, and the growth of responsible microorganisms in mixed cultures is one of the most critical points for applying this process in pilot and full-scale. This study aimed to investigate the growth and bio-struvite production of Brevibacterium antiquum in mixed sludge culture. Alkaline fermentation was applied at different pH conditions to enhance the phosphorus content of sludge for an efficient recovery, and pH 8 was determined as the most feasible considering the phosphorus release and sludge characteristics. Growth optimization studies showed that NaCl's presence decreases the growth rate of Brevibacterium antiquum and bio-struvite production. At the same time, pH in the range of 6.8–8.2 did not alter the growth significantly. In addition, studies showed the ability of Brevibacterium antiquum in unsterilized fermented sludge centrate to grow and recover the phosphorus as struvite. Thus, our results indicated the potential of struvite biomineralization in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid rise in global temperature has adverse effects on rice productivity. The lack of eminent resources for heat stress alleviation is threatening the agricultural sector. Heat stress alleviation by endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. The present study was conducted to check the colonization of Brevibacterium linens RS16 producing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase in the rice endosphere and to characterize its efficiency in enhancing stress tolerance. The ethylene emission pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, proline accumulation, expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were monitored at two different levels of heat stress (40°C and 45°C). Bacterial inoculation decreased ethylene emission levels by 26.9% and 24.4% in rice plants exposed to 40°C and 45°C, respectively, compared with the non-inoculated plants. B. linens RS16 also enhanced the expression profiles of glutathione S-transferase. The collective effect of GST expression profiles and decrease in ethylene emission due to bacterial ACC deaminase activity subsequently resulted in a decrease in ROS concentrations. Additionally, HSP16 and HSP26 increased expression in heat-stressed plants inoculated with B. linens RS16 resulted in enhanced stress tolerance (i.e., lesser proline accumulation) than non-inoculated plants. Hence, this study demonstrates the bacteria-mediated tolerance against heat stress by regulating the ethylene emission pathway and upregulating antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brevibacterium species are to be opportunistic pathogens. Although rare, several case reports have mentioned infections ranging from cutaneous infections to bacteremia. Here, we present a case report describing a 64-year-old male pancreatic cancer patient diagnosed with B. luteolum bacteremia.

epsilon-Caprolactam (Caprolactam, CAP), a monomer of the synthetic non-degradable polymer nylon-6, is the major wastewater component in the production of caprolactam and nylon-6. Biological treatment of CAP, using microbes could be a potent alternative to the current waste utilization techniques. This work focuses on the characterization and potential use of caprolactam-degrading bacterial strain BS3 isolated from soils polluted by CAP production wastes. The strain was identified as Brevibacterium epidermidis based on the studies of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This study is the first to report the ability of Brevibacterium to utilize CAP. Strain BS3 is an alcalo- and halotolerant organism, that grows within a broad range of CAP concentrations, from 0.5 up to 22.0 g/L, optimally at 1.0–2.0 g/L. A caprolactam biodegradation experiment using gas chromatography showed BS3 to degrade 1.0 g/L CAP over 160 h. In contrast to earlier characterized narrow-specific CAP-degrading bacteria, strain BS3 is also capable of utilizing linear nylon oligomers (oligomers of 6-aminohexanoic acid), CAP polymerization by-products, as sole sources of carbon and energy. The broad range of utilized toxic pollutants, the tolerance for high CAP concentrations, as well as the physiological properties of B. epidermidis BS3, determine the prospects of its use for the biological cleanup of CAP and nylon-6 production wastes that contain CAP, 6-aminohexanoic acid, and low molecular weight oligomer fractions.

A 71-year-old Pakistani man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with worsening mental status, abdominal pain, and oral intake for the past seven days was found to have pyogenic hepatic abscess with unculturable bacteria and subsequently found to have rare Brevibacterium bacteremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To provide theoretical basis for developing a new tomato breeding evaluation system, the endophytic bacterial communities structure in stems of tomato varieties with different fruit shapes were analyzed, the correlation between endophytic bacteria and fruit shape was explored. [ Method] B ioinformatics analysis of the endophytic bacterial community structure and related metabolic functions in stems of different fruit shapes tomatoes ( ellipsoid, flat, long and round) were analyzed using lllumina Mi Seq sequencing technology. [ Result] A total of 31 phyla,84 orders,206 orders,347 families,655 genera,1045 species,and 1660 OTUs were identified from endophytic bacteria in stems of four fruit-shaped tomato varieties. However, there was no significant differences ( P > 0. 05) on the diversity and richness indices of the endophytic bacteria between each variety. At phylum level, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobaciota were the dominant endophytic bacteria in stems of four different fruit shapes tomato varieties. The composition of endophytic bacteria at phylum level was quite similar among four different fruit shapes tomato varieties. However, the proponions of different endophytic bacteria at phylum level in stems of four different frnit shapes tomato varieties were difference. At genus level, Ralstonia, Pseudonocardia, Brevibacterium, Brachybactenum, Bacillus and Rlwdococcus were the common dominant endophytic bacteria in stems of four different fruit shapes tomato varieties. PICRUSt functional prediction results showed that six types of biological metabolic pathways in the primary functional layer of endophytic bacterial genes could be found in stems of tomatoes with different fruit shapes, and the metabolic pathway was the main functions of endophytic bacteria in stems of four different fruit shapes of tomatoes. Meanwhile, although the types of predicted gene in secondary functional layer were similar, but their numbers were different in stems of different fruit shapes of tomatoes. [Conclusion] Although some common dominant endophytic bacteria at genus level could be found in stems of four different Jiuit shaped tomato varieties, but their proponions also showed in different ratios. Meanwhile, some unique dominant endophytic bacteria at genus level also could be detected in four different fruit shaped tomato varieties, respectively. It suggested that the unique dominant endophytic bacteria in stems of tomatoes at genus level and their functions, could be strongly related to the fruit shapes forming processes. It also indicates that the composition of endophytic bacteria in stems of tomatoes can be used as a bio-indicator with great potential for evaluating fruit shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of antagonistic bacteria to control Macrophomina phaseolina was evaluated under in vitro, growth chamber, greenhouse and field conditions. A total of 177 bacteria, isolated from Athrocaulon macrostachyum rhizosphere of the Lebrija marsh, were screened for their potential against M. phaseolina (causes charcoal rot in strawberry) by dual culture assay. Of these isolates, 14 most promising strains were molecularly identified by the 16S rDNA sequencing method using the EzBioCloud database. These strains were tested for in vitro hydrolytic enzymes, HCN production, and biocontrol against M. phaseolina in strawberry plants. All the 14 strains produced, at least, one hydrolytic enzymatic activity and one of them, which belongs to Brevibacterium genus (Hvs8), showed the lowest records of disease incidence (20%) and severity (0.4). With these results, greenhouse and field trials were carried out with the Hvs8 strain, compared to non-treated control. In the greenhouse assays, Hvs8 strain increased root dry mass by 30%, over the control. In the field trials, production and fruit quality were not significantly different between Hvs8 treatment and non-treated control, but plant mortality and plant mortality associated to M. phaseolina decreased by more than 24% and 65% respectively, in Hvs8 treatment. This study suggests that Brevibacterium sp. Hvs8 strain could be a candidate for controlling charcoal rot in strawberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to isolate and screen the growth-promoting strains that can promote the growth of typical local pastures from the soil of the degraded grassland in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (abbreviated as northern Tibet), to promote the restoration of vegetation in northern Tibet. The results showed that: (1) Two low-temperature-tolerant bacteria TS22 and TS27 were successfully screened from Tibetan soil, and they were identified as Brevibacterium sp. by 16SrRNA gene. And Bacilusmycoides. (2) The results of in vitro evaluation of the growth-promoting properties of the two isolates showed that the strains TS22 and TS27 both have the ability to produce IAA, SID and ACC-deaminase activity, and TS222 has a higher ACC-deaminase activity. Aminase activity (264.69nmol.α-KBmg-1.h-1), TS27 shows a strong ability to produce IAA[(7.52±3.85)mg.L-1] and SID(92%). (3) The pot experiment showed that the effects of strains TS22 and TS27 on the growth of bluegrass and sagegrass in a low temperature environment of 10 ℃ vary with the difference of plants and strains. Strain TS22 has differences in plant height, root length, ground and underground dryness. In terms of major aspects, the growth of Poa pratensis was significantly promoted, and the growth-promoting ability was better than TS27. The results of this study provide a good bacterial resource and practical basis for the use of plant-microbial technology in vegetation restoration in alpine regions of northern Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two bacterial strains, designated REN4T and REN4-1, were isolated from daqu sample collected from baijiu factory located in Shanxi, China. The two strains shared highly similar 16S rRNA gene sequences (99.67% identities) and formed a monophyletic clade within the Brevibacterium 16S rRNA gene tree, showing 97.56–97.85% 16S rRNA gene sequence identities with type strains Brevibacterium permense VKM Ac-2280 T, Brevibacterium sediminis FXJ8.269 T, Brevibacterium oceani BBH7T and Brevibacterium epidermidis NCIMB 702286 T. They contained MK-8(H2) as the most predominant menaquinone, antesio-C15:0, antesio-C17:0, Iso-C16:0 and Iso-C17:0 as the major cellular fatty acids, DPG (diphosphatidylglycerol), PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGL (phosphatidylglycerollipids), and PL (phospholipids) as the main polar lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content of strains REN4 and REN4-1 were 64.35, 65.82 mol%. Moreover, the low DNA-DNA relatedness values, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and taxonomic analysis allowed the differentiation of strains REN4T and REN4-1 from the other recognized species of the genus Brevibacterium. Therefore, strain REN4T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacterium, for which the name Brevibacterium renqingii sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain REN4T (= JCM 33953 T = KCTC 49366 T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome analysis gives important insights into the biosynthetic potential of marine actinobacteria. The genomes of two marine actinomycetes Brevibacterium luteolum MOSEL-ME10a and Cellulosimicrobium funkei MOSEL-ME6 were sequenced to identify the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Additionally, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities were studied in vitro. We report a total genome size of 2.77 Mb with GC content of 67.8% and 6.81 Mb with GC content of 69% for Brevibacterium sp. MOSEL-ME10a and Cellulosimicrobium sp. MOSEL-ME6, respectively. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding different classes of natural products were predicted including terpenes, peptides, siderophores, ectoines, and bacteriocins. The bioactivity potential of crude extracts derived from these strains was evaluated. Notable anti-proliferative activity was observed against HepG2 cell line (hepatocellular carcinoma) with an IC50 value of 182 µg/mL for Brevibacterium sp. MOSEL-ME10a. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was assessed with IC50 values of 48.91 µg/mL and 102.5 µg/mL for Brevibacterium sp. MOSEL-ME10a and Cellulosimicrobium sp. MOSEL-ME6, respectively. Protein kinase inhibition potential was observed only for Brevibacterium sp. MOSEL-ME10a. Our study also reports lower amylase enzyme inhibition potential for both strains. Moreover, both crude extracts showed only slight-to-no toxic effect on erythrocytes at 400 µg/mL and below, indicating erythrocyte membrane stability. Our data present the genomic features revealing biosynthetic potential of marine actinobacteria as well as biological activities found in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial isolates with the capacity to remove paracetamol were selected from an activated sludge sample collected in an oxidation ditch of a wastewater treatment plant. Among these, twelve bacterial isolates were selected according to their capacity to grow in the presence of paracetamol. They were identified using the colony morphotype procedure and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, but only four of them showed the ability to utilise paracetamol as the sole carbon source in the presence of a nitrogen supply. Those four bacterial isolates were assigned to species of the genera Bacillus, [Brevibacterium], Corynebacterium and Enterococcus. Bacterial isolates were cultured in liquid mineral salt medium (MSM) spiked with 200 mg/L of paracetamol at 28 °C in the dark. In cultures inoculated with [Brevibacterium] frigoritolerans, Corynebacterium nuruki and Enterococcus faecium, removal of 97 ± 4%, 97 ± 6% and 86.9 ± 0.8% of paracetamol at 200 mg/L were obtained, respectively, while in the presence of a species belonging to Bacillus cereus group removal of the drug below the limits of detection was attained with evidence of mineralisation, after 144 h of incubation. During the degradation process, the metabolites 4-aminophenol, hydroquinone and 2-hexenoic acid were detected. As far as we know, these species are herein first-time described as paracetamol degraders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common organisms isolated from pediatric catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are Gram-positive cocci, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus. There are few formal reports of Brevibacterium casei infection and even fewer reports of CRBSI due to this Gram-positive rod. Here we report the first case of CRBSI due to B. casei in an 8-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukemia in Japan. The isolate exhibited decreased susceptibility to ß-lactam antibiotics. Antimicrobial therapy with meropenem and vancomycin, in addition to the removal of central venous catheter line, consequently led to a significant clinical improvement of the patient's symptoms. A literature review found available clinical courses in 16 cases (4 pediatric cases including our case) of B. casei infection. Our case and those in literature suggested that B. casei infection often occurs in patients with indwelling central venous catheters; the literature review further suggested that removal of central venous catheters is required in most cases. Special attention should be paid to the detection of opportunistic infections due to Brevibacterium spp. in immunocompromized children who are using a central venous catheter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular cloning of the gene argJ of thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus on Escherichia coli - Corynebacterim glutamicum shuttle expression vector pEC-XK99E in the cells of coryneform bacteria was carried out. To create a new arginine-producing strain, the constructed recombinant plasmid pARGJ was used. As a recipient, we used the previously obtained Brevibacterium flavum HK-19A strain, which synthesizes up to 25.0 g/L of L-arginine. The created new recombinant strain containing the heterologous gene argJ of the rmophilic bacterium provides higher yield (by 20%) of L-arginine compared to the recipient strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brevibacteria are Gram-positive rods found in human skin flora and dairy products. Although generally not considered human pathogens, case reports have implicated Brevibacterium species as rare causes of bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, and osteomyelitis. We report a case of Brevibacterium tibial osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent individual with implanted hardware and highlight the challenge of identifying the organism and recognizing it as a potential pathogen.

Brevibacterium linens AE038-8 is an arsenic hyper-tolerant bacterial strain, previously isolated from well water in Tucumán, Argentina. The aim of this study was to characterize this strain regarding its resistance to different stress factors and to evaluate its antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We found that B. linens AE038-8 was capable of tolerating high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II). When grown in the presence of NaCl, it could tolerate up to 3 M in LB25 medium. When cultivated, B. linens released to the supernatants a bioactive principle with antiviral activity against HSV-1 virus regardless growth conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enzyme hyaluronidase (hyase) producing halotolerant bacterium was isolated from dental caries and identified as Brevibacterium halotolerans DC1. Higher growth and hyase production were observed in nutrient broth fortified with hyaluronic acid at pH 7.0, temperature 37 °C, 120 rpm upon 48 h of incubation. Hyase was purified using salt precipitation, DEAE cellulose ion exchange, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified to 13-fold with 67.19% recovery of activity and 26.37 U/mg of specific activity. SDS-PAGE and zymography revealed it to be near to homogeneity showing a relative molecular weight of about 43 kDa that was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. This hyase was very active and stable at pH 7.0 and temperature 40 °C. The presence of metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased its activity while Zn2+ and Cu2+ severely inhibited it. Being stable at 2 M NaCl, hyase exhibited its halotolerant nature. This enzyme showed wide substrate specificity where hyaluronic acid (HA) was the best substrate. The kinetic studies revealed that K m and V max were 91.3 μg/mL and 306.2 μg/mL/min respectively. This is the first report of hyaluronidase from a halotolerant Brevibacterium spp. which can find applications under high salinity. • The first report of hyaluronidase from Brevibacterium sp. • Brevibacterium halotolerans DC1 was halotolerant and isolated from dental caries. • Hyaluronidase showed significant stability in 2 M NaCl exhibiting halotolerant nature. • Hyaluronidase exhibited 43 kDa molecular mass with high stability at 40 °C and pH 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case emphasizes the significance of recognizing and managing Brevibacterium species. Here, we present a unique case of Brevibacterium species isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 60-year-old female with recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and small cell carcinoma of the lung. Management involved a two-week course of intravenous vancomycin. Brevibacterium species are infrequently encountered in clinical practice. Sharing this case report aims to enhance the limited understanding of Brevibacterium species infections and encourages discussion among healthcare professionals regarding its diagnosis and management., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Nguyen et al.)

Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, a strain quite potential use in environmental pollution, is also able to degrade the pesticide phorate. Here, we report a strain isolated from radioactive soil in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The genome of strain GD44 encompasses 5,471,331 base pairs with a GC content of 40.42%. The sequence was assembled into 1985 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 5053 proteins. Sequence analysis identified the genes encoding enzymes related to the degradation of organophosphorus compounds such as esterase, phosphotransferase, C–P lyase, and alkaline phosphatase. The nitrate reductase gene was also found in GD44, which was associated with biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles used for bacteriostat. In addition, Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO) genes accounted for 10.6%, including the vancomycin resistance gene cluster. Therefore, the whole-genome sequence of B. frigoritolerans GD44 will be beneficial for identifying and analyzing genes utilized for soil remediation and antibacterial agent, which will provide genetic evaluation for potential application in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This report presents the characterization of the first virulent phages infecting Brevibacterium aurantiacum, a bacterial species used during the manufacture of surface‐ripened cheeses. These phages were also responsible for flavour and colour defects in surface‐ripened cheeses. Sixteen phages (out of 62 isolates) were selected for genome sequencing and comparative analyses. These cos‐type phages with a long non‐contractile tail currently belong to the Siphoviridae family (Caudovirales order). Their genome sizes vary from 35,637 to 36,825 bp and, similar to their host, have a high GC content (~61%). Genes encoding for an immunity repressor, an excisionase and a truncated integrase were found, suggesting that these virulent phages may be derived from a prophage. Their genomic organization is highly conserved, with most of the diversity coming from the presence of long (198 bp) DNA tandem repeats (TRs) within an open reading frame coding for a protein of unknown function. We categorized these phages into seven genomic groups according to their number of TR, which ranged from two to eight. Moreover, we showed that TRs are widespread in phage genomes, found in more than 85% of the genomes available in public databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Our aim was to determine whether there is a synergistic interaction between the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizoglomus intraradices and the bacterium Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, and to understand how R. intraradices and B. frigoritolerans affect the competitive growth of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze in nutrient-deficient soil. Methods: Pot culture of F. bidentis and Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. under nutrient-limited soil conditions was used to test the effect of R. intraradices and B. frigoritolerans on the competitive growth of F. bidentis. Results: Inoculation with B. frigoritolerans and co-inoculation with R. intraradices and B. frigoritolerans increased the biomass of F. bidentis, and a single inoculation of B. frigoritolerans gave E. prostrata a competitive advantage over F. bidentis. However, we found higher R. intraradices colonization of exotic F. bidentis roots than native E. prostrata roots. Conclusions: R. intraradices and B. frigoritolerans probably play different roles in the invasion of F. bidentis. R. intraradices may give the invader a competitive advantage through the accumulation of higher foliar levels of N, and B. frigoritolerans may facilitate the uptake of available N from the soil. Therefore, the results support the hypothesis that the AM fungus-soil bacteria cooperation makes N available to F. bidentis and facilitates its competitive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]