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Traffic safety numbers in developing countries show a serious global problem that requires studies and actions to promote safety for the most vulnerable users, such as pedestrians, as a way of contributing to sustainable urban mobility. Therefore, this research proposes a hybrid method to identify contributing factors and critical points according to the profile of crashes involving pedestrians being run over by motor vehicles in small cities. The proposed method uses multivariate data analysis, specifically Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), combined with geospatial tools. The study scenario corresponds to pedestrian-vehicle collisions that occurred in the urban area of Cachoeira do Sul, a small city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, recorded in police reports between 2015 and 2018. Additionally, Geographic Information Tools (GIS) were used to collect characteristics of the road environment. According to EFA, a set of attributes configured as contributing factors are discussed according to the components of the traffic system: user, road, vehicle, and environment. Subsequently, a CA was applied with the road-environmental factors, and three pedestrian-vehicle collision profiles were extracted, with clustering according to road segments with homogeneous characteristics. Moreover, a Kernel Density Estimate (KDE) was used to obtain heat maps of the pedestrian collisions profiles. The results allowed interventions to be proposed according to the contributing factors of each profile. The multivariate statistical analysis supported the discussion of the factors contributing to the occurrence of pedestrian-vehicle collisions in small cities in developing countries. The spatial visualization of the results showed urban corridors with a high risk for pedestrians and the identification of hotspots in the city. In addition, the study demonstrated that the hybrid method tested is an alternative for the government of cities with few resources to promote safety mobility.

Traffic crashes in Brazil represent a serious public health problem, representing the second leading cause of death in the country. Recently, a new trend of traffic accidents has been identified in relation to the places where they occur, called “interiorization of traffic accidents”, so that larger cities have decreasing rates of traffic deaths while smaller cities show increasing rates. This paper aims to analyze through a systematic literature review the main publications related to traffic crashes in order to identify the impacts generated by them, their trends, the variables used in studies and analyze studies that address the interiorization of traffic crashes in Brazil. The keywords combinations used in this review resulted in a list of 420 articles, 20 of which were selected based on titles, abstracts, and full texts and subsequently analyzed. Some studies show a change in the victims’ profile following the implementation of the Brazilian Traffic Code, male bikers aged 18 to 29 years, as well as a higher risk of death in cities with less than 100,000 inhabitants.

School trips characterize the main daily commute by students. Understanding how these trips are made and which aspects influence their choices is fundamental to provide improvements in transportation and quality of life for students. From a literature review, we listed aspects impacting the selection of the transportation mode used in school trips and the satisfaction with the quality of scholar transportation provided to the students. To qualify scholar trips in small cities, high school students from 10 schools located in 6 different cities of the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State were selected, totaling 763 students interviewed. Through the application of a qualitative and quantitative questionnaire we collected data on target audience, trips, perceptions of trips and satisfaction with scholar transportation, providing information for the diagnosis of the scholar trips. With the results obtained, it is possible to guide public policies aimed at improving the quality and safety of scholar trips.

Following the approval of Law 12.587.12 and an institution of the National Urban Mobility Policy, Brazilian municipalities started adapting new principles of sustainable mobility, thus preparing their Mobility Plans. The city of Cachoeira do Sul, with support from the Santa Maria Federal University (Cachoeira do Sul Campus), has recently developed its plan that focus on current city needs and prioritizing non-motorized modes of transport and public transport services. This paper aims at presenting the process of developing the Plan and extension actions to promote it. During its development, meetings and workshops related to the theme were held, as well as public audiences and technologies were again involved in the analysis of the city's needs regarding mobility. The information collected based diagnostics and analysis to solve current problems. Finally, this paper also presents activities related to the implementation of the Urban Mobility Plan, which shall succeed through actions implemented, their effective monitoring and the support of the population for the principles of sustainable mobility.

Children connect with the city mainly through their trips to school. Since childhood children can develop the interest in taking care of the public spaces that surrounds them and develop a questioning character. The Pedala Kids extension project seeks to encourage children to ride bikes and interact with urban space through activities aimed at increasing road safety, encouraging active mobility and respect for life, with long-term effects, contributing to a well-functioning of the city. In partnership with a school in Cachoeira do Sul, the Federal University of Santa Maria - Campus Cachoeira do Sul held the Cycling Games. The aim of this paper is to present the experience of the Games as a playful activity that seeks to contribute to citizenship enhancement of children. With four main stages, the Games had four main steps: brief literature review, meetings with partner agencies for project structuring, preparation of supporting material and realization of the Cycling Games’ activities. Thus, this project stimulates the engagement of the academic community in promoting the quality of life of the population of Cachoeira do Sul.

Traffic accidents are the main cause of death for children and young people all over the world, so it is necessary to explore road safety measures to ensure the right to life of this population group. Understanding the measures to improve road safety conditions in school environments contributes to the safety of children and young people in school. The objective of this study is to define variables associated with traffic components that affect road safety conditions in school environments through an exploratory bibliographic research. As a result, the study provides a summary of the main variables found in the literature related to the subject and discusses the performance of these variables on traffic components and the impact road safety in school environments. Results of this study provide support for measures to improve road safety in school environments and encourage the use of more sustainable modes of transport, as well as, support the elaboration of research related to the theme.

Este estudo tem foco na obtenção da importância dos atributos do transporte coletivo por ônibus. A importância pode ser obtida por duas diferentes abordagens: a importância declarada (na qual os usuários respondem diretamente sobre a importância) e a importância derivada (na qual, a partir das avaliações de satisfação, se infere a importância através de técnicas estatísticas). Com o objetivo de verificar a existência de uma relação entre as duas abordagens que possa tornar dispensável a aplicação de perguntas de importância, conduziu-se entrevistas junto a usuários de ônibus da cidade de Porto Alegre, determinando-se a importância derivada e declarada dos atributos. As análises não demonstraram uma correspondência direta entre as abordagens. No entanto, utilizando um gráfico de dispersão importância versus satisfação, identificou-se uma correspondência entre os atributos localizados no quadrante de alta prioridade. Portanto, foi possível estabelecer uma relação qualitativa entre as abordagens declarada e derivada.

Most urban transport projects are complex as they involve different areas of knowledge and have to accommodate conflicting interests of many stakeholders. Despite existing good practices in public transportation, many cities in Brazil and around the world are not able to hold these improvements due to strong direct and indirect pressures from key stakeholders. The lack of trust among stakeholders has been stronger than the trust between them. Understanding the relationships between stakeholder and evaluating the critical paths is key to facilitating the implementation of improvements. This paper develops a qualitative and quantitative model that represents the stakeholders network involved in the planning, operation and monitoring of bus transit as well as determine key stakeholders and critical paths for decision making. To demonstrate the application of the model, we performed a case study in Porto Alegre. We have identified 13 key stakeholders directly and indirectly involved in the process. Through Stakeholder Value Network methodology, it was possible to qualify and quantify 59 value flows between stakeholders who can influence the implementation of improvements in public transport system. The main search results provide useful information to facilitate the implementation of improvements and thus qualifies the services provided to the population. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydney

One of the greatest challenges on mobility nowadays is to promote the use sustainable modes of transportation for the population of urban areas. This paper aims to map the main barriers reported by high school students to the use of active modes (walking and cycling) in the city of Cachoeira do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through the application of a survey on a sample of city students and were analyzed using discrete choice model logit binomial. Aspects such as security and road safety, as well as distance between origins and destinations presented positive impacts on active transport use. Conclusions can contribute for planning safer and more attractive road environments for the active modes. Results are valid for the surveyed city and also for other small cities with similar urban mobility and urban development standards.

Cities increasingly face problems in urban mobility. Studies on the influence of transport to promote quality of life serve as important tools for decision-making regaring urban planning. In this context, studies to identify the characteristics to design a walkable city are supporting tools in building more sustainable, safer, healtier, more accessible and livable urban environment. This paper aims to present the methodological procedures taken to elaborate the necessary instruments to the future application of the Best Worst Scaling technique, which in the walkablity study allows the determination of the most important characteristics to promote walking as transport. Among the methodological steps presented in this paper are the geospatial distribution methods and neighborhoods characterization in Cachoeira do Sul, a mid-sized city in Brazilian, sample stratification and calculation, variables included in the analysis, data collection, design and application of the walkability surveys

Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar se há diferenças entre as terapias associadas e isoladas do laser e microcorrentes no reparo de lesão por queimadura em ratos. Um total de 40 animais foi dividido aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: grupo controle (GC); grupo microcorrente (GM), grupo laser (GL) e grupo laser/microcorrente (GLM), tratados com laser associado a microcorrentes. Após lesões térmicas induzidas no dorso do animal, foi realizado um total de dez dias de tratamento. Amostras do tecido foram coletadas para estudo histopatológico semiquantitativo com Hematoxilina Eosina e Tricrômico de Masson. Foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc de Dunn. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para a produção de fibroblastos (p=0,0003), colágeno (p=0,0153), neoangiogênese (p=0,0031) e anexos cutâneos (p=0,0004). Na análise histológica semiquantitativa, o GLM apresentou valores menores nos parâmetros histológicos de presença de colágeno, número de fibroblastos e anexos cutâneos (pEste estudio tiene el objetivo de investigar si hay diferencias entre las terapias asociadas y aisladas del láser y microcorrientes en la reparación de lesión por quemadura en ratas. Un total de 40 animales fueron divididos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: grupo control (GC), grupo microcorriente (GM), grupo láser (GL) y grupo láser/microcorriente (GLM), tratados con láser asociado a microcorrientes. Después de inducidas las lesiones térmicas en el dorso del animal, fueron realizados en total diez días de tratamiento. Las muestras de tejido fueron recolectadas para el estudio histopatológico semicuantitativo usando Hematoxilina Eosina y Tricómico de Masson. Fueron utilizados los tests de Kruskal-Wallis y post-hoc de Dunn's. Hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos para la producción de fibroblastos (p=0,0003), colágeno (p=0,0153), neoangiogénesis (p=0,0031) y anexos cutáneos (p=0,0004). En el análisis histológico semicuantitativo, el GLM presentó valores menores en los parámetros histológicos de presencia de colágeno, número de fibroblastos y anexos cutáneos (pThis study aimed to investigate if there are differences between the associated and isolated therapies from the laser and micro current on healing of burn wound healing in rats. A total of 40 male rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control group (CG), micro current group (MG), laser group (LG) and laser/micro current group (LMG), treated with associated laser and micro current. Thermal damage was done on the back of the animal and a total of ten days therapy was performed. After treatment samples were taken from the lesions to perform semi quantitative histopathological study using Hematoxylin Eosin and Masson Trichrome. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Test were used for statistical analyses. We observed a significant difference between groups for production of fibroblasts (p=0.0003), collagen (p=0.0153), neoangiogenesis (p=0.0031) and skin annexes (p=0.0004). In semi-quantitative histological analysis, the LMG showed lower values in presence of collagen, fibroblasts and number of skin appendages, only for neoangiogenesis, the associated therapy showed similar values to single modality therapy groups. Laser and microcurrent have beneficial effects on tissue healing. However, it is suggested that the association of these two therapies reduces the effectiveness of the treatment when compared to single mode treatment.

A maioria dos projetos de transporte urbano é complexa, pois envolve diferentes áreas do conhecimento e tem que acomodar interesses conflitantes de diversos stakeholders. Apesar das boas práticas já existentes e das leis que regem as melhorias no transporte coletivo urbano, muitas cidades ao redor do mundo não são capazes de realizar estas melhorias devido a fortes pressões diretas e indiretas dos principais stakeholders. No Brasil, muitos são os planos não implementados e os projetos que não saíram do papel. A falta de confiança entre as partes interessadas - órgãos públicos e empresas privadas - tem sido mais forte do que a relação de confiança entre eles. Outros envolvidos, como Tribunais de Contas e Ministério Público só agora começaram a se envolver em questões de transportes. Representantes públicos, como, por exemplo, vereadores, pouco atuam nas melhorias do transporte coletivo. Recentemente, grupos da sociedade civil têm imposto certa pressão para a melhoria da relação custo-benefício dos serviços de transporte público. Dada a importância de certos stakeholders na realização de melhorias no sistema de transporte coletivo, entender as relações entre eles e avaliar os caminhos críticos é fundamental para facilitar a implementação destas melhorias. Ainda, conhecer os principais stakeholders e suas relações pode facilitar a atuação de gestores e otimizar esforços para engajar stakeholders no intuito de viabilizar melhorias no transporte coletivo. O objetivo desta tese é desenvolver um modelo qualitativo e quantitativo que represente a rede de stakeholders envolvidos com o planejamento, operação e fiscalização do transporte coletivo urbano por ônibus, bem como determinar os principais stakeholders e caminhos críticos para a tomada de decisão sobre ações de qualificação. Para demonstrar a aplicação do modelo, foi realizado um estudo de caso na cidade de Porto Alegre. Foram identificados 13 stakeholders principais direta e indiretamente envolvidos no processo. Através de metodologia Stakeholder Value Network, foi possível qualificar e quantificar 59 fluxos de valor entre stakeholders, que podem influenciar na implementação de melhorias no sistema de transporte coletivo. Os principais resultados da pesquisa fornecem informações úteis para facilitar a implementação de melhorias e, assim, qualificar o serviço prestado à população. Most urban transport projects are complex as they involve different areas of knowledge and have to accommodate conflicting interests of many stakeholders. Despite existing good practices and laws that rule improvements in public transportation, many cities around the world are not able to hold these improvements due to strong direct and indirect pressures from key stakeholders. This is specially the case prevailing in Brazilian cities. The lack of trust among stakeholders – public agencies and private companies – has been stronger than the trust between them. Other players such as Account Courts and Public Ministries have only just started to understand the importance of improving public transport. Political stakeholders, like city councilors, still have shallow acting on improving public transport. Recently, civil society groups have been imposing some pressures for improvements in the value for money of public transport services. Given the importance of some stakeholders in making improvements in the public transportation system, understanding the relationships between them and evaluating the critical paths is key to facilitating the implementation of these improvements. Recognizing key stakeholders and their relations can facilitate the work of managers and optimize efforts to engage stakeholders in order to implement improvements in public transport. This thesis aims to develop a qualitative and quantitative model that represents the network of stakeholders involved in the planning, operation and monitoring of bus public transport as well as determine key stakeholders and critical paths for taking decision on implementing improvements. To demonstrate the application of the model, we performed a case study in the city of Porto Alegre. We have identified 13 key stakeholders directly and indirectly involved in the process. Through Stakeholder Value Network methodology, it was possible to qualify and quantify 59 value flows between stakeholders who can influence the implementation of improvements in public transport system. The main search results provide useful information to facilitate the implementation of improvements and thus qualifies the services provided to the population.

Neste artigo explora-se o desempenho de um corredor BRT com uma unica faixa por sentido e sem ultrapassagem, em termos de capacidade e velocidade operacional, atraves da realizacao de um projeto de experimentos que envolveu a simulacao de 324 cenarios. Nas simulacoes variaram os niveis de demanda, as taxas de embarque e desembarque, a distância entre estacoes, o fator de carregamento dos veiculos, o numero de baias por estacao, e o posicionamento do semaforo em relacao as estacoes. A analise qualitativa revela que esse corredor BRT quando operado por onibus articulado pode atingir uma capacidade de cerca de 15.000 pass/h/sentido ao longo de sua secao critica e uma velocidade operacional de 23 km/h. Uma analise estatistica preliminar permitiu a estimativa de um modelo de regressao que representa o impacto de elementos de projeto na velocidade operacional de um BRT. Os resultados fornecem informacoes uteis para projetistas de corredores BRT de alto desempenho.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de investigar se há diferenças entre as terapias associadas e isoladas do laser e microcorrentes no reparo de lesão por queimadura em ratos. Um total de 40 animais foi dividido aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: grupo controle (GC); grupo microcorrente (GM), grupo laser (GL) e grupo laser/microcorrente (GLM), tratados com laser associado a microcorrentes. Após lesões térmicas induzidas no dorso do animal, foi realizado um total de dez dias de tratamento. Amostras do tecido foram coletadas para estudo histopatológico semiquantitativo com Hematoxilina Eosina e Tricrômico de Masson. Foram utilizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc de Dunn. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para a produção de fibroblastos (p=0,0003), colágeno (p=0,0153), neoangiogênese (p=0,0031) e anexos cutâneos (p=0,0004). Na análise histológica semiquantitativa, o GLM apresentou valores menores nos parâmetros histológicos de presença de colágeno, número de fibroblastos e anexos cutâneos (p

Na última década, o Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) consolidou-se como uma alternativa para qualificar o transporte urbano sobre pneus. Porém, como os elementos de projeto propiciam muita flexibilidade no conceito BRT é necessário que os projetistas tenham pleno entendimento deste sistema tão complexo. Sistemas prioritários para ônibus tipo BRT são ainda projetados com base em técnicas de tentativa e erro e em experiências bem sucedidas. A literatura especializada relata os efeitos de diversos elementos físico e operacionais no desempenho de sistemas ônibus, mas, geral, estes são representados de forma isolada. Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito da combinação dos elementos no desempenho de um sistema BRT. Modelos computacionais permitem que os elementos que compõem as diferentes configurações dos sistemas BRT sejam testados de forma combinada e melhorias sejam sugeridas ainda em fase de planejamento. Esta dissertação contempla aplicações do software EMBARQ BRT Simulator em duas dimensões. A primeira demonstra o potencial de utilização da ferramenta de simulação através de dois estudos de caso onde foi testado o desempenho de corredores BRT em fase de projeto no Rio de Janeiro e Arequipa, Peru. Na segunda aplicação, 324 cenários estruturados através de um projeto de experimentos a partir de 6 diferentes elementos de projeto, foram simulados. Os resultados propiciaram o desenvolvimento de análises quantitativas e qualitativas. Através da análise qualitativa buscou-se um melhor entendimento da interação dos elementos de projeto. A análise quantitativa passou pela formulação de dois modelos de regressão que tem como variável de resposta a velocidade operacional do BRT. A pesquisa propiciou um melhor entendimento do impacto da combinação de elementos de projeto. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para reduzir o empirismo na formulação de novos projetos de BRT. In the last decade, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has established itself as an alternative to qualifying urban transit. However, as design elements provide much flexibility in the BRT concept, designers need to have full understanding of this so complex system. Bus priority systems for BRT are still being designed based on techniques of trial and error and successful experiences. The literature reports the effects of various physical and operational elements of bus systems that impact its performance, but in general these are represented isolated. Little is known about the effect of the combination of these elements in the performance of a BRT system. Computational models allow the assessment of the different configurations of BRT systems elements being tested in combination and suggest improvements at the planning stages. This study includes the application of the software EMBARQ BRT Simulator in two applications. The first demonstrates the potential of using simulation tools through two case studies where it was tested the performance of BRT corridors in the design phase in Rio de Janeiro and Arequipa, Peru. In the second application, 324 scenarios were simulated; they were created as a combination from six different design elements. The results led to the development of quantitative and qualitative analysis. Through qualitative analysis it was possible a better understanding of the interaction of design elements. Quantitative analysis began by formulating two regression models whose dependent variable was the operating speed of BRT. The research provided a better understanding of the impact of the combination of design elements. It is hoped that the results contribute to reduce the empiricism in the formulation of new BRT projects.

This paper analyses the technological evolution and the trends of Automated People Movers (APM) in recent years. It establishes a baseline of the technological and economic aspects in order to support the development process of an enhanced version of the Aeromovel system (APM that uses air flow for propulsion on an elevated track). For the definition of the new Aeromovel guidelines, a significant sample of systems already developed worldwide was analyzed using an operational research tool based on a multivariate quantitative model, known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Several quantitative analyses taking into account implementation investment, total line length, number of boarding stations, passenger capacity per hour, and maximum speed were performed. As a preliminary result, it is observed that technologies that use external propulsion, for instance by means of cables, currently offer the best efficiency indicators when compared to other technological solutions for propulsion and power transmission, based on the performed DEA analysis.