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A previous analysis of pathways to reach net zero naval operations quantified Department of the Navy (DON) operational systems emissions and identified potential pathways to meet the 2050 reduction targets prioritized in executive orders and DOD climate strategies. The analysis generalized illustrative pathways allocating reduction potential for alternative fuels, hydrogen, unmanned systems, batteries, operational efficiencies, advanced nuclear energy, renewable energy, and carbon capture and sequestration. This follow-on, Phase II analysis considered the DON-unique challenges for integrating emissions reduction measures and cited reported climate science to assess the impact of four specific pathways: alternative force structure, advanced nuclear energy, platform carbon capture and storage, and sustainable fuels. The analysis assumed the Department will not accept any measure that could reduce operational capabilities on ships or aircraft and deduced that by 2050 conventional gas turbine and diesel engines will still demand up to 28 million barrels of F-76 and JP-5 fuels. The study concludes that alternative force structure concepts, like unmanned systems, could realize some emissions reductions by 2050; however, because future force design is responding to strategic competition against pacing adversaries, the future force will likely demand more operational energy offsetting those reductions. Advances in nuclear energy and non-drop-in alternative fuels like ammonia and methanol could enable some future capabilities, supporting the added energy requirement and reducing emissions, but will not likely proliferate to scale to support 2050 targets. Advances in platform carbon capture technologies are being tested in commercial maritime applications, but the power demand and CO2 storage requirements will likely preclude commissioned warships and naval aircraft. Sustainable fuels, and specifically drop-in fuels, offer the greatest potential for significant emissions redu

In the aftermath of the Cold War, proliferation of late-20th-century Soviet and NATO offensive weaponry has provided many countries and groups around the globe with the ability to challenge the defensive infrastructure of neighboring states. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the struggle between two great superpowers to gain and maintain access to regions of strategic interest has been eclipsed by the emergence of new threats corrupt regimes, warlords, and terrorists who now have the capability to attack civilian populations, destabilize regional governments, and threaten United States and allied strategic interests. Of particular concern are the threats presented by aggressor short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. These weapons, capable of carrying weaponized chemical or biological payloads, are small, mobile, and difficult to track. Aegis, the premiere sea-based ballistic missile defense (BMD) system of the U.S. Navy, is a high-demand, cost-limited resource that cannot be mobilized to defend all potential target zones. A smaller, more mobile solution is necessary to afford foreign U.S. interests adequate protection. This paper details a systems engineering approach to assess the emergent ballistic missile threat, synthesize solution options to meet littoral region capability needs, and conduct comparative analyses to downselect a conceptual BMD system that meets stakeholder needs.

In the aftermath of the Cold War, proliferation of late-20th-century Soviet and NATO offensive weaponry has provided many countries and groups around the globe with the ability to challenge the defensive infrastructure of neighboring states. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the struggle between two great superpowers to gain and maintain access to regions of strategic interest has been eclipsed by the emergence of new threatscorrupt regimes, warlords, and terrorists who now have the capability to attack civilian populations, destabilize regional governments, and threaten United States and allied strategic interests. Of particular concern are the threats presented by aggressor short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. These weapons, capable of carrying weaponized chemical or biological payloads, are small, mobile, and difficult to track. Aegis, the premiere sea-based ballistic missile defense (BMD) system of the U.S. Navy, is a high-demand, cost-limited resource that cannot be mobilized to defend all potential target zones. A smaller, more mobile solution is necessary to afford foreign U.S. interests adequate protection. This paper details a systems engineering approach to assess the emergent ballistic missile threat, synthesize solution options to meet littoral region capability needs, and conduct comparative analyses to downselect a conceptual BMD system that meets stakeholder needs.

With the success of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions around the globe, the US Navy continues to re-evaluate its approach to other mission areas such as search and rescue and anti-submarine warfare (ASW). Recent tests onboard Navy aircraft carriers have proven the ability to successfully launch and recover large, fixed-wing aircraft autonomously from their flight decks. With these advancing technologies, a strong interest has emerged for a small support ship to launch and recover large, fixed-wing UAVs. This project was a ten-week effort by Naval Research Enterprise Internship Program (NREIP) interns and NSWCCD naval architects to explore the feasibility of a light UAV support ship concept with an ASW focus. The final design integrates a new concept hull type known as the TriSWACH (Trimaran, Small Waterplane Area Center Hull). The favorable stability and seakeeping attributes of the TriSWACH allow the ship to effectively perform flight operations from a vessel smaller than the Navy's current destroyers. Additionally a concept of operations (CONOPS) was developed that allows the design to perform the entire ASW mission using only its manned and unmanned aircraft. This report describes the CONOPS and the design for a light UAV support ship with ASW capability (LUSSA)., The original document contains color images.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies have been rapidly advancing. Compact in size, diverse in application, and capable of autonomous operation, UAVs are appealing for a variety of military missions. The U.S. Navy is exploring the potential use of unmanned vehicle systems for intelligence gathering and reconnaissance missions such as Anti-Submarine Warfare, search and rescue, and combat surveillance. UAVs reduce the risk of human loss, reduce monetary risk, and have extended operational flexibility and endurance. Large scale "swarms" of UAVs could scan a much larger combat area in less time than traditional airborne systems. The U.S. Navy is currently reevaluating its approach to combat surveillance by modeling the effectiveness of a UAV swarm and may conclude that a swarm is indeed the most effective strategy. The need to integrate unmanned aerial systems on board a mothership capable of launching, recovering, commanding, and maintaining UAVs has driven the development of this concept ship designed around the function of its aircraft systems. It includes such features as automated shipboard fixed-wing UAV launching for fast deployment, a large helicopter flight deck for sequential vertical take-off, and catch nets that deploy from the flight deck for UAV recovery. The design presented in this study demonstrates the size and layout of a feasible ship that meets the demand for a UAV Mothership., The original document contains color images.

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT, In the aftermath of the Cold War, proliferation of late-20th-century Soviet and NATO offensive weaponry has provided many countries and groups around the globe with the ability to challenge the defensive infrastructure of neighboring states. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the struggle between two great superpowers to gain and maintain access to regions of strategic interest has been eclipsed by the emergence of new threatscorrupt regimes, warlords, and terrorists who now have the capability to attack civilian populations, destabilize regional governments, and threaten United States and allied strategic interests. Of particular concern are the threats presented by aggressor short- and medium-range ballistic missiles. These weapons, capable of carrying weaponized chemical or biological payloads, are small, mobile, and difficult to track. Aegis, the premiere sea-based ballistic missile defense (BMD) system of the U.S. Navy, is a high-demand, cost-limited resource that cannot be mobilized to defend all potential target zones. A smaller, more mobile solution is necessary to afford foreign U.S. interests adequate protection. This paper details a systems engineering approach to assess the emergent ballistic missile threat, synthesize solution options to meet littoral region capability needs, and conduct comparative analyses to downselect a conceptual BMD system that meets stakeholder needs., http://archive.org/details/missiledefensein1094537707, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.