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L’approche neuroscientifique des troubles mentaux s’appuie presque exclusivement sur une conception objectiviste de la psychiatrie, une conception qui n’accorde de l’importance qu’à ce qui peut être observé (directement ou indirectement) des difficultés du patient, au détriment du « comment » ces difficultés sont vécues. Nous suggérons, en prenant pour exemple la schizophrénie et la vulnérabilité à cette pathologie, qu’une épistémologie qui prenne en considération la structure de la subjectivité humaine, et ce que l’on sait de son ontogenèse chez le petit enfant, peut être plus fructueuse. The neuroscientific approach of mental disorders bases itself almost exclusively on an objectivist conception of psychiatry, a conception that only grants importance to those difficulties that can be (directly or indirectly) observed, at the expense of how these difficulties are experienced by the patient. By taking schizophrenia and the vulnerability to this pathology as an example, we argue that an epistemology that considers the structure of human subjectivity, and what we know of its ontogenesis during infancy, could be more useful. El enfoque neurocientífico de los trastornos mentales se basa casi exclusivamente en una concepción objetivista de la psiquiatría, una concepción que le da importancia solo a lo que se observa (directa o indirectamente) de las dificultades del paciente, en detrimento al «cómo» se viven estas dificultades. Sugerimos, basandonos en el ejemplo de la esquizofrenia y la vulnerabilidad a esta enfermedad, que una epistemología que tenga en cuenta la estructura de la subjetividad humana, y lo que se sabe acerca de su ontogenia en los niños pequeños, puede ser más fructífera.

One of the requirements for revealing the nature of History of Turkish Psychology is to determine which type of schools’ effect to form Turkish psychological tradition. Psychology in scientific meaning, started being known through leadership of Germany in both the World and Turkey. However, studies which were done in both the last periods of Ottomans and the first periods of Turkey Republic show that the effects of French and Switzerland cannot be ignored. When considered from this point of view, the Institute of jean jacques Rousseau in Geneva University has an important role to form the tradition of Turkish psychology. The structure of Turkish psychology and pedagogy takes shape and it carves out a niche for itself in scientific-academic field by virtue of both trainees of the institute and the assistant professors of the institute who are invited to Turkey, Türk Psikoloji Tarihi’nin mahiyetinin ortaya çıkarılması için gereken şartlardan birisi de psikoloji geleneğimizin hangi ekollerin etkisinde oluştuğunu belirlemektir. Bilimsel manada psikoloji, dünyada ve ülkemizde daha çok Almanya’nın önderliğinde tanınmaya başlanmış olsa da Osmanlının son dönemleri ve Cumhuriyetin ilk yılları ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar gösteriyor ki Fransa ve İsviçre’nin de etkisi göz ardı edilemeyecek denli büyüktür. Bu açıdan bakıldığında Cenevre Üniversitesi jean jacques Rousseau Enstitüsü psikoloji geleneğimizin oluşmasında büyük bir rol oynamıştır. Gerek Rousseau Enstitüsü’nde eğitim alan kişiler gerekse Türkiye’ye davet edilen Enstitü öğretim üyeleri ile Türk Psikoloji ve Pedagoji yapısı şekillenmeye başlamış ve bilimsel-akademik alanda kendine yer edinmiştir