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3. First production of X-rays at the ThomX high-intensity Compton source

Author

Jacquet, M, Alexandre, P, Alkadi, M, Alves, M, Amer, M, Amoudry, L, Auguste, D, Babigeon, J, Balcou, P, Baltazar, M, Benabderrahmane, C, el Fekih, R, Benoit, A, Berteaud, P, Biagini, M, Blin, A, Bobault, S, Bonanzingamarco, M, Bonenfant, J, Bonis, J, Bouanani, Y, Bouaziz, S, Bouvet, F, Bravin, A, Bruni, C, Bruyere, C, Bzyl, H, Cassinari, L, Cassou, K, Cayla, J, Chabaud, T, Chaikovska, I, Chance, S, Chapelle, C, Chaumat, V, Chiche, R, Cobessi, A, Cormier, E, Cornebise, P, Couprie, M, Cuoq, R, Dalifard, O, Degallaix, J, Delerue, N, Del Net, W, Diaz, A, Dietrich, Y, Diop, M, Dorkel, R, Douillet, D, Drebot, I, Dugal, J, Dupraz, K, Dupuy, E, El Ajjouri, M, El Kamchi, N, El Khaldi, M, Elleaume, H, Ergenlik, E, Estève, F, Favier, P, Fernandez, M, Gamelin, A, Garaut, J, Garolfi, L, Gauron, P, Gauthier, F, Girault, P, Gonnin, A, Grasset, D, Guerard, E, Guler, H, Haissinski, J, Hazemann, J, Helder, D, Herbeaux, C, Herry, E, Hodeau, J, Horodynski, J, Hubert, N, Iaquaniello, G, Jacquet, P, Jeantet, P, Jehanno, D, Jules, E, Kapoujyan, G, Kubytskyi, V, Labat, M, Labaye, F, Lacipière, J, Lacroix, M, Lahéra, E, Langlet, M, Lebarillec, T, Ledu, J, Le Duc, G, Le Guidec, D, Leluan, B, Lepercq, P, Lestrade, A, Jacquet M., Alexandre P., Alkadi M., Alves M., Amer M., Amoudry L., Auguste D., Babigeon J. L., Balcou P., Baltazar M., Benabderrahmane C., el Fekih R. B., Benoit A., Berteaud P., Biagini M., Blin A., Bobault S., Bonanzingamarco M., Bonenfant J., Bonis J., Bouanani Y., Bouaziz S., Bouvet F., Bravin A., Bruni C., Bruyere C., Bzyl H., Cassinari L., Cassou K., Cayla J. N., Chabaud T., Chaikovska I., Chance S., Chapelle C., Chaumat V., Chiche R., Cobessi A., Cormier E., Cornebise P., Couprie M. E., Cuoq R., Dalifard O., Degallaix J., Delerue N., Del Net W., Diaz A., Dietrich Y., Diop M., Dorkel R., Douillet D., Drebot I., Dugal J. P., Dupraz K., Dupuy E., El Ajjouri M., El Kamchi N., El Khaldi M., Elleaume H., Ergenlik E., Estève F., Favier P., Fernandez M., Gamelin A., Garaut J. F., Garolfi L., Gauron P., Gauthier F., Girault P., Gonnin A., Grasset D., Guerard E., Guler H., Haissinski J., Hazemann J. L., Helder D., Herbeaux C., Herry E., Hodeau J. L., Horodynski J. M., Hubert N., Iaquaniello G., Jacquet P., Jeantet P., Jehanno D., Jules E., Kapoujyan G., Kubytskyi V., Labat M., Labaye F., Lacipière J., Lacroix M., Lahéra E., Langlet M., Lebarillec T., Ledu J. F., Le Duc G., Le Guidec D., Leluan B., Lepercq P., Lestrade A., Jacquet, M, Alexandre, P, Alkadi, M, Alves, M, Amer, M, Amoudry, L, Auguste, D, Babigeon, J, Balcou, P, Baltazar, M, Benabderrahmane, C, el Fekih, R, Benoit, A, Berteaud, P, Biagini, M, Blin, A, Bobault, S, Bonanzingamarco, M, Bonenfant, J, Bonis, J, Bouanani, Y, Bouaziz, S, Bouvet, F, Bravin, A, Bruni, C, Bruyere, C, Bzyl, H, Cassinari, L, Cassou, K, Cayla, J, Chabaud, T, Chaikovska, I, Chance, S, Chapelle, C, Chaumat, V, Chiche, R, Cobessi, A, Cormier, E, Cornebise, P, Couprie, M, Cuoq, R, Dalifard, O, Degallaix, J, Delerue, N, Del Net, W, Diaz, A, Dietrich, Y, Diop, M, Dorkel, R, Douillet, D, Drebot, I, Dugal, J, Dupraz, K, Dupuy, E, El Ajjouri, M, El Kamchi, N, El Khaldi, M, Elleaume, H, Ergenlik, E, Estève, F, Favier, P, Fernandez, M, Gamelin, A, Garaut, J, Garolfi, L, Gauron, P, Gauthier, F, Girault, P, Gonnin, A, Grasset, D, Guerard, E, Guler, H, Haissinski, J, Hazemann, J, Helder, D, Herbeaux, C, Herry, E, Hodeau, J, Horodynski, J, Hubert, N, Iaquaniello, G, Jacquet, P, Jeantet, P, Jehanno, D, Jules, E, Kapoujyan, G, Kubytskyi, V, Labat, M, Labaye, F, Lacipière, J, Lacroix, M, Lahéra, E, Langlet, M, Lebarillec, T, Ledu, J, Le Duc, G, Le Guidec, D, Leluan, B, Lepercq, P, Lestrade, A, Jacquet M., Alexandre P., Alkadi M., Alves M., Amer M., Amoudry L., Auguste D., Babigeon J. L., Balcou P., Baltazar M., Benabderrahmane C., el Fekih R. B., Benoit A., Berteaud P., Biagini M., Blin A., Bobault S., Bonanzingamarco M., Bonenfant J., Bonis J., Bouanani Y., Bouaziz S., Bouvet F., Bravin A., Bruni C., Bruyere C., Bzyl H., Cassinari L., Cassou K., Cayla J. N., Chabaud T., Chaikovska I., Chance S., Chapelle C., Chaumat V., Chiche R., Cobessi A., Cormier E., Cornebise P., Couprie M. E., Cuoq R., Dalifard O., Degallaix J., Delerue N., Del Net W., Diaz A., Dietrich Y., Diop M., Dorkel R., Douillet D., Drebot I., Dugal J. P., Dupraz K., Dupuy E., El Ajjouri M., El Kamchi N., El Khaldi M., Elleaume H., Ergenlik E., Estève F., Favier P., Fernandez M., Gamelin A., Garaut J. F., Garolfi L., Gauron P., Gauthier F., Girault P., Gonnin A., Grasset D., Guerard E., Guler H., Haissinski J., Hazemann J. L., Helder D., Herbeaux C., Herry E., Hodeau J. L., Horodynski J. M., Hubert N., Iaquaniello G., Jacquet P., Jeantet P., Jehanno D., Jules E., Kapoujyan G., Kubytskyi V., Labat M., Labaye F., Lacipière J., Lacroix M., Lahéra E., Langlet M., Lebarillec T., Ledu J. F., Le Duc G., Le Guidec D., Leluan B., Lepercq P., and Lestrade A.

Abstract

With the increase in laser power and finesse of optical cavities over the last decade, laboratory-size Compton sources are very promising. These sources produce X-rays through interactions between relativistic electrons and laser photons and, in term of brightness, fall between large synchrotron facilities and classical laboratory X-ray sources. The ThomX source is the French project in this field. This article first presents a state of the art of high-intensity Compton sources, then the ThomX source is briefly described, and the first results are detailed, in particular the production of the first X-rays, the acquisition of the first spectrum and the first image of the beam. Finally, the next objectives are discussed.

Published
2024

4. Regulation Theory

Author

Bouvet, F.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This paper reviews the design of regulation loops for power converters. Power converter control being a vast domain, it does not aim to be exhaustive. The objective is to give a rapid overview of the main synthesis methods in both continuous- and discrete-time domains., Comment: 23 pages, contribution to the 2014 CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Power Converters, Baden, Switzerland, 7-14 May 2014

Published
2016
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6. Inhibition of the membrane repair protein annexin-A2 prevents tumor invasion and metastasis

Author

Gounou, C., primary, Rouyer, L., additional, Siegfried, G., additional, Harté, E., additional, Bouvet, F., additional, d’Agata, L., additional, Darbo, E., additional, Lefeuvre, M., additional, Derieppe, M. A., additional, Bouton, L., additional, Mélane, M., additional, Chapeau, D., additional, Martineau, J., additional, Prouzet-Mauleon, V., additional, Tan, S., additional, Souleyreau, W., additional, Saltel, F., additional, Argoul, F., additional, Khatib, A. M., additional, Brisson, A. R., additional, Iggo, R., additional, and Bouter, A., additional

Published
2023
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8. Tunable High Spatio-Spectral Purity Undulator Radiation from a Transported Laser Plasma Accelerated Electron Beam

Author

Ghaith, A., Oumbarek, D., Roussel, E., Corde, S., Labat, M., André, T., Loulergue, A., Andriyash, I. A., Chubar, O., Kononenko, O., Smartsev, S., Marcouillé, O., Kitégi, C., Marteau, F., Valléau, M., Thaury, C., Gautier, J., Sebban, S., Tafzi, A., Blache, F., Briquez, F., Tavakoli, K., Carcy, A., Bouvet, F., Dietrich, Y., Lambert, G., Hubert, N., El Ajjouri, M., Polack, F., Dennetière, D., Leclercq, N., Rommeluère, P., Duval, J.-P., Sebdaoui, M., Bourgoin, C., Lestrade, A., Benabderrahmane, C., Vétéran, J., Berteaud, P., De Oliveira, C., Goddet, J. P., Herbeaux, C., Szwaj, C., Bielawski, S., Malka, V., and Couprie, M.-E.

Published
2019
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9. Seeded free-electron laser driven by a compact laser plasma accelerator

Author

Labat, M., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., (0000-0003-1064-489X) Ghaith, A., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., Berlioux, A., Berteaud, P., Blache, F., (0000-0002-1919-8585) Bock, S., Bouvet, F., Briquez, F., (0000-0003-0548-3999) Chang, Y.-Y., Corde, S., (0000-0002-3844-3697) Debus, A., Oliveira, C., Duval, J.-P., Dietrich, Y., El Ajjouri, M., Eisenmann, C., Gautier, J., Gebhardt, R., Grams, S., Helbig, U., Herbeaux, C., Hubert, N., Kitegi, C., Kononenko, O., (0000-0002-8145-5837) Kuntzsch, M., (0000-0003-3089-4087) La Berge, M., Le, S., Leluan, B., Loulergue, A., Malka, V., Marteau, F., Huy N. Guyen, M., Oumbarek-Espinos, D., (0000-0001-7990-9564) Pausch, R., Pereira, D., (0000-0002-4738-6436) Püschel, T., Ricaud, J.-P., Rommeluere, P., Roussel, E., Rousseau, P., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., Sebdaoui, M., (0000-0001-8965-1149) Steiniger, K., Tavakoli, K., Thaury, C., (0000-0002-6463-5406) Ufer, P., Valleau, M., Vandenberghe, M., Veteran, J., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Couprie, M.-E., Labat, M., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., (0000-0003-1064-489X) Ghaith, A., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., Berlioux, A., Berteaud, P., Blache, F., (0000-0002-1919-8585) Bock, S., Bouvet, F., Briquez, F., (0000-0003-0548-3999) Chang, Y.-Y., Corde, S., (0000-0002-3844-3697) Debus, A., Oliveira, C., Duval, J.-P., Dietrich, Y., El Ajjouri, M., Eisenmann, C., Gautier, J., Gebhardt, R., Grams, S., Helbig, U., Herbeaux, C., Hubert, N., Kitegi, C., Kononenko, O., (0000-0002-8145-5837) Kuntzsch, M., (0000-0003-3089-4087) La Berge, M., Le, S., Leluan, B., Loulergue, A., Malka, V., Marteau, F., Huy N. Guyen, M., Oumbarek-Espinos, D., (0000-0001-7990-9564) Pausch, R., Pereira, D., (0000-0002-4738-6436) Püschel, T., Ricaud, J.-P., Rommeluere, P., Roussel, E., Rousseau, P., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., Sebdaoui, M., (0000-0001-8965-1149) Steiniger, K., Tavakoli, K., Thaury, C., (0000-0002-6463-5406) Ufer, P., Valleau, M., Vandenberghe, M., Veteran, J., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., and Couprie, M.-E.

Abstract

Seeded free-electron laser driven by a compact laser plasma accelerator Free-electron lasers generate high-brilliance coherent radiation at wavelengths spanning from the infrared to the X-ray domains. The recent development of short-wavelength seeded free-electron lasers now allows for unprecedented levels of control on longitudinal coherence, opening new scientific avenues such as ultra-fast dynamics on complex systems and X-ray nonlinear optics. Although those devices rely on state-of-the-art large-scale accelerators, advancements on laser-plasma accelerators, which harness gigavolt-per-centimetre accelerating fields, showcase a promising technology as compact drivers for free-electron lasers. Using such footprint-reduced accelerators, exponential amplification of a shot-noise type of radiation in a self-amplified spontaneous emission configuration was recently achieved. However, employing this compact approach for the delivery of temporally coherent pulses in a controlled manner has remained a major challenge. Here we present the experimental demonstration of a laser-plasma accelerator-driven free-electron laser in a seeded configuration, where control over the radiation wavelength is accomplished. Furthermore, the appearance of interference fringes, resulting from the interaction between the phase-locked emitted radiation and the seed, confirms longitudinal coherence. Building on our scientific achievements, we anticipate a navigable pathway to extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths, paving the way towards smaller-scale free-electron lasers, unique tools for a multitude of applications in industry, laboratories and universities.

Published
2023

12. The LUNEX5 Project in France

Author

Couprie, M. E., Benabderrahmane, C., Betinelli, P., Bouvet, F., Buteau, A., Cassinari, L., Daillant, J., Denard, J. C., Eymard, P., Gagey, B., Herbeaux, C., Labat, M., Lestrade, A., Loulergue, A., Marchand, P., Marlats, J. L., Miron, C., Morin, P., Nadji, A., Polack, F., Pruvost, J. B., Ribeiro, F., Ricaud, J. P., Roy, P., Tanikawa, T., Roux, R., Bielawski, S., Evain, C., Szwaj, C., Lambert, G., Lifschitz, A., Malka, V., Lehe, R., Rousse, A., Ta Phuoc, K., Thaury, C., Devanz, G., Luong, M., Carré, B., LeBec, G., Farvacque, L., Dubois, A., Lüning, J., Sebban, Stéphane, editor, Gautier, Julien, editor, Ros, David, editor, and Zeitoun, Philippe, editor

Published
2014
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14. Seeded FEL lasing of the COXINEL beamline driven by the HZDR plasma accelerator

Author

Labat, M., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., Ghaith, A., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., Berlioux, A., Berteaud, P., Blache, F., (0000-0002-1919-8585) Bock, S., Bouvet, F., Briquez, F., Chang, Y.-Y., Corde, S., (0000-0002-3844-3697) Debus, A., Oliveira, C., Duval, J.-P., Dietrich, Y., El Ajjouri, M., Eisenmann, C., Gautier, J., Gebhardt, R., Grams, S., Helbig, U., Herbeaux, C., Hubert, N., Kitegi, C., Kononenko, O., (0000-0002-8145-5837) Kuntzsch, M., La Berge, M., Le, S., Leluan, B., Loulergue, A., Malka, V., Marteau, F., Huy N. Guyen, M., Oumbarek-Espinos, D., (0000-0001-7990-9564) Pausch, R., Pereira, D., (0000-0002-4738-6436) Püschel, T., Ricaud, J.-P., Rommeluere, P., Roussel, E., Rousseau, P., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., Sebdaoui, M., (0000-0001-8965-1149) Steiniger, K., Tavakoli, K., Thaury, C., (0000-0002-6463-5406) Ufer, P., Valleau, M., Vandenberghe, M., Veteran, J., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Couprie, M.-E., Labat, M., (0000-0001-9129-4208) Couperus Cabadağ, J. P., Ghaith, A., (0000-0002-4626-0049) Irman, A., Berlioux, A., Berteaud, P., Blache, F., (0000-0002-1919-8585) Bock, S., Bouvet, F., Briquez, F., Chang, Y.-Y., Corde, S., (0000-0002-3844-3697) Debus, A., Oliveira, C., Duval, J.-P., Dietrich, Y., El Ajjouri, M., Eisenmann, C., Gautier, J., Gebhardt, R., Grams, S., Helbig, U., Herbeaux, C., Hubert, N., Kitegi, C., Kononenko, O., (0000-0002-8145-5837) Kuntzsch, M., La Berge, M., Le, S., Leluan, B., Loulergue, A., Malka, V., Marteau, F., Huy N. Guyen, M., Oumbarek-Espinos, D., (0000-0001-7990-9564) Pausch, R., Pereira, D., (0000-0002-4738-6436) Püschel, T., Ricaud, J.-P., Rommeluere, P., Roussel, E., Rousseau, P., (0000-0002-2769-4749) Schöbel, S., Sebdaoui, M., (0000-0001-8965-1149) Steiniger, K., Tavakoli, K., Thaury, C., (0000-0002-6463-5406) Ufer, P., Valleau, M., Vandenberghe, M., Veteran, J., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., and Couprie, M.-E.

Abstract

Laser Plasma Accelerators (LPAs), harnessing gigavolt-per-centimeter accelerating fields, can generate high peak current, low emittance and GeV class electron beams paving the way for the realization of future compact free-electron lasers (FELs). Here, we report on the commissioning of the COXINEL beamline driven by the HZDR plasma accelerator and experimental demonstration of FEL lasing at 270 nm in a seeded configuration. Control over the radiation wavelength is achieved with an improved bandwidth stability. Furthermore, the appearance of interference fringes, resulting from the interaction between the phase-locked emitted radiation and the seed, confirms longitudinal coherence, representing a key feature of such a seeded FEL. These results are cross-checked with simulations, ELEGANT for beam optics and GENESIS for FEL radiation. We anticipate a navigable pathway toward smaller-scale free-electron lasers at extreme ultra-violet wavelengths.

Published
2022

16. The ThomX ICS source

Author

Dupraz, K, Alkadi, M, Alves, M, Amoudry, L, Auguste, D, Babigeon, J, Baltazar, M, Benoit, A, Bonis, J, Bonenfant, J, Bruni, C, Cassou, K, Cayla, J, Chabaud, T, Chaikovska, I, Chance, S, Chaumat, V, Chiche, R, Cobessi, A, Cornebise, P, Dalifard, O, Delerue, N, Dorkel, R, Douillet, D, Dugal, J, El Kamchi, N, El Khaldi, M, Ergenlik, E, Favier, P, Fernandez, M, Gamelin, A, Garaut, J, Garolfi, L, Gauron, P, Gauthier, F, Gonnin, A, Grasset, D, Guerard, E, Guler, H, Haissinski, J, Herry, E, Iaquaniello, G, Jacquet, M, Jules, E, Kubytskyi, V, Langlet, M, Le Barillec, T, Ledu, J, Leguidec, D, Leluan, B, Lepercq, P, Letellier-Cohen, F, Marie, R, Marrucho, J, Martens, A, Mageur, C, Mercadier, G, Mercier, B, Mistretta, E, Monard, H, Moutardier, A, Neveu, O, Nutarelli, D, Omeich, M, Peinaud, Y, Petrilli, Y, Pichet, M, Plaige, E, Prevost, C, Rudnicky, P, Soskov, V, Taurigna-Quere, M, Trochet, S, Vallerand, C, Vitez, O, Wicek, F, Wurth, S, Zomer, F, Alexandre, P, Ben El Fekih, R, Berteaud, P, Bouvet, F, Cuoq, R, Diaz, A, Dietrich, Y, Diop, M, Pedeau, D, Dupuy, E, Marteau, F, Helder, D, Hubert, N, Veteran, J, Labat, M, Lestrade, A, Letresor, A, Lopes, R, Loulergue, A, Louvet, M, Marchand, P, El Ajjouri, M, Muller, D, Nadji, A, Nadolski, L, Nagaoka, R, Petit, S, Pollina, J, Ribeiro, F, Ros, M, Salvia, J, Bobault, S, Sebdaoui, M, Sreedharan, R, Bouanai, Y, Hazemann, J, Hodeau, J, Roy, E, Jeantet, P, Lacipiere, J, Robert, P, Horodynski, J, Bzyl, H, Chapelle, C, Biagini, M, Walter, P, Bravin, A, Del Net, W, Lahera, E, Proux, O, Elleaume, H, Cormier, E, Dupraz K., Alkadi M., Alves M., Amoudry L., Auguste D., Babigeon J. -L., Baltazar M., Benoit A., Bonis J., Bonenfant J., Bruni C., Cassou K., Cayla J. -N., Chabaud T., Chaikovska I., Chance S., Chaumat V., Chiche R., Cobessi A., Cornebise P., Dalifard O., Delerue N., Dorkel R., Douillet D., Dugal J. -P., El Kamchi N., El Khaldi M., Ergenlik E., Favier P., Fernandez M., Gamelin A., Garaut J. -F., Garolfi L., Gauron P., Gauthier F., Gonnin A., Grasset D., Guerard E., Guler H., Haissinski J., Herry E., Iaquaniello G., Jacquet M., Jules E., Kubytskyi V., Langlet M., Le Barillec T., Ledu J. -F., Leguidec D., Leluan B., Lepercq P., Letellier-Cohen F., Marie R., Marrucho J. -C., Martens A., Mageur C., Mercadier G., Mercier B., Mistretta E., Monard H., Moutardier A., Neveu O., Nutarelli D., Omeich M., Peinaud Y., Petrilli Y., Pichet M., Plaige E., Prevost C., Rudnicky P., Soskov V., Taurigna-Quere M., Trochet S., Vallerand C., Vitez O., Wicek F., Wurth S., Zomer F., Alexandre P., Ben El Fekih R., Berteaud P., Bouvet F., Cuoq R., Diaz A., Dietrich Y., Diop M., Pedeau D., Dupuy E., Marteau F., Helder D., Hubert N., Veteran J., Labat M., Lestrade A., Letresor A., Lopes R., Loulergue A., Louvet M., Marchand P., El Ajjouri M., Muller D., Nadji A., Nadolski L., Nagaoka R., Petit S., Pollina J. -P., Ribeiro F., Ros M., Salvia J., Bobault S., Sebdaoui M., Sreedharan R., Bouanai Y., Hazemann J. -L., Hodeau J. -L., Roy E., Jeantet P., Lacipiere J., Robert P., Horodynski J. -M., Bzyl H., Chapelle C., Biagini M., Walter P., Bravin A., Del Net W., Lahera E., Proux O., Elleaume H., Cormier E., Dupraz, K, Alkadi, M, Alves, M, Amoudry, L, Auguste, D, Babigeon, J, Baltazar, M, Benoit, A, Bonis, J, Bonenfant, J, Bruni, C, Cassou, K, Cayla, J, Chabaud, T, Chaikovska, I, Chance, S, Chaumat, V, Chiche, R, Cobessi, A, Cornebise, P, Dalifard, O, Delerue, N, Dorkel, R, Douillet, D, Dugal, J, El Kamchi, N, El Khaldi, M, Ergenlik, E, Favier, P, Fernandez, M, Gamelin, A, Garaut, J, Garolfi, L, Gauron, P, Gauthier, F, Gonnin, A, Grasset, D, Guerard, E, Guler, H, Haissinski, J, Herry, E, Iaquaniello, G, Jacquet, M, Jules, E, Kubytskyi, V, Langlet, M, Le Barillec, T, Ledu, J, Leguidec, D, Leluan, B, Lepercq, P, Letellier-Cohen, F, Marie, R, Marrucho, J, Martens, A, Mageur, C, Mercadier, G, Mercier, B, Mistretta, E, Monard, H, Moutardier, A, Neveu, O, Nutarelli, D, Omeich, M, Peinaud, Y, Petrilli, Y, Pichet, M, Plaige, E, Prevost, C, Rudnicky, P, Soskov, V, Taurigna-Quere, M, Trochet, S, Vallerand, C, Vitez, O, Wicek, F, Wurth, S, Zomer, F, Alexandre, P, Ben El Fekih, R, Berteaud, P, Bouvet, F, Cuoq, R, Diaz, A, Dietrich, Y, Diop, M, Pedeau, D, Dupuy, E, Marteau, F, Helder, D, Hubert, N, Veteran, J, Labat, M, Lestrade, A, Letresor, A, Lopes, R, Loulergue, A, Louvet, M, Marchand, P, El Ajjouri, M, Muller, D, Nadji, A, Nadolski, L, Nagaoka, R, Petit, S, Pollina, J, Ribeiro, F, Ros, M, Salvia, J, Bobault, S, Sebdaoui, M, Sreedharan, R, Bouanai, Y, Hazemann, J, Hodeau, J, Roy, E, Jeantet, P, Lacipiere, J, Robert, P, Horodynski, J, Bzyl, H, Chapelle, C, Biagini, M, Walter, P, Bravin, A, Del Net, W, Lahera, E, Proux, O, Elleaume, H, Cormier, E, Dupraz K., Alkadi M., Alves M., Amoudry L., Auguste D., Babigeon J. -L., Baltazar M., Benoit A., Bonis J., Bonenfant J., Bruni C., Cassou K., Cayla J. -N., Chabaud T., Chaikovska I., Chance S., Chaumat V., Chiche R., Cobessi A., Cornebise P., Dalifard O., Delerue N., Dorkel R., Douillet D., Dugal J. -P., El Kamchi N., El Khaldi M., Ergenlik E., Favier P., Fernandez M., Gamelin A., Garaut J. -F., Garolfi L., Gauron P., Gauthier F., Gonnin A., Grasset D., Guerard E., Guler H., Haissinski J., Herry E., Iaquaniello G., Jacquet M., Jules E., Kubytskyi V., Langlet M., Le Barillec T., Ledu J. -F., Leguidec D., Leluan B., Lepercq P., Letellier-Cohen F., Marie R., Marrucho J. -C., Martens A., Mageur C., Mercadier G., Mercier B., Mistretta E., Monard H., Moutardier A., Neveu O., Nutarelli D., Omeich M., Peinaud Y., Petrilli Y., Pichet M., Plaige E., Prevost C., Rudnicky P., Soskov V., Taurigna-Quere M., Trochet S., Vallerand C., Vitez O., Wicek F., Wurth S., Zomer F., Alexandre P., Ben El Fekih R., Berteaud P., Bouvet F., Cuoq R., Diaz A., Dietrich Y., Diop M., Pedeau D., Dupuy E., Marteau F., Helder D., Hubert N., Veteran J., Labat M., Lestrade A., Letresor A., Lopes R., Loulergue A., Louvet M., Marchand P., El Ajjouri M., Muller D., Nadji A., Nadolski L., Nagaoka R., Petit S., Pollina J. -P., Ribeiro F., Ros M., Salvia J., Bobault S., Sebdaoui M., Sreedharan R., Bouanai Y., Hazemann J. -L., Hodeau J. -L., Roy E., Jeantet P., Lacipiere J., Robert P., Horodynski J. -M., Bzyl H., Chapelle C., Biagini M., Walter P., Bravin A., Del Net W., Lahera E., Proux O., Elleaume H., and Cormier E.

Abstract

ThomX is a new generation Compact Compton Source. It is currently commissioned by and at the IJCLab (Laboratoire de physique des 2 infinis - Irène Joliot-Curie (UMR9012)) at Orsay. The first beam is expected at the begining of 2021. The aim of ThomX is to demonstrate the characteristics of an intense and Compact (lab-size) X-ray source based on Compton Scattering. The performances are mostly driven by the laser optical system which is above the state of the art of stored laser power. Proof of principle of various X-ray techniques will be performed thanks to the versatile ThomX beamline. Firstly, this article presents the machine description. Secondly, the issues and limits of the laser system are discussed. Then, the ThomX beamline is described and the machine status conclude the ThomX presentation. Finally, the expected performances for the next years and the possible experiments that can be made with this new machine are detailed.

Published
2020

28. Acute/Chronic respiratory failure II

Author

Georges, H., Gueteau, N., Leroy, O., Santré, C., Beuscart, C., Medaoui, H., Lemaire, C., Beaucaire, G., Cabezas, I., Romo, H., Salazar, E., Narváez, M., Pinquier, D., Boussignac, G., Pavlovic, D., Aubier, M., Beaufils, F., Raphael, J. C., Bouvet, F., Chevret, S., Chastang, Cl., Boiteou, R., Lherm, T., Marcier, F., Chamieh, F., Perrin, D., Tenaillon, A., Gabillet, J. M., Guidet, B., Staikowsky, F., Offenstadt, G., Amstutz, P., Truchero, C., Moya, J., Diaz-Prieto, A., Konrad, F., Schiener, R., Kilian, J., Georgieff, M., Salord, F., Cayrel, V., Peloux, A., Tixier, S., Chacornac, R., Durocher, A., Durocher, A. M., Gires, C., Behr, L., Saulnier, F., Gruez, L., Boileau, F., Dewailly, Ph., Wiedeck, H., Boiteau, R., Lherm, T., Perrin-Gachadoat, D., Valente, E., Hmouda, H., Fatrane, A., Fakhfakh, L., Bloch, N., Rousset, B., Boix, J. H., Marin, J., Amau, A., Tejeda, M., Olivares, D., Servera, E., Dambrosio, M., Dojat, M., Touchard, D., Harf, A., Lemaire, F., Brochard, L., Tormo, C., Lópes, V., Parra, V., Calvo, R., Lacueva, V., Maravall, J. L., Carneiro, A., Huet, B., Brun-Buisson, C., Schneider, A. J., Groeneveld A. B. J., Thijs L. G., Wesdorp R. I. C., Lafon, B., Denis, M., Vassal, T., Mayaud, C., Högman, M., Hedenström, H., Frostell, C., Arnberg, H., Hedenstierna, G., Romand, J. -A., Pinsky, M. R., Firestone, L., Lancaster, J. R., Zar, H., Brunet, F., Belghith, M., Mira, J. P., Lanore, J. J., Renaud, B., Pochard, F., Vaxelaire, J. F., Hamy, I., Armaganidis, A., Dall’ava, J., Dhainaut, J. F., Navalesi, P., Maltais, F., Gursahanev, A., Hernandez, P., Sovili, M., Gottfried, S., Gregorakos, L., Katsanos, C., Malessios, V., Nicoiopoulos, J., Tsaldari, L., Kountouri, M., Martín, M. T., Santos, F. J., Iribarren, S., Fernández, A., Diaz-Regañón, G., Martínez, Ch, Sirenko, Yu., Sychev, O., Shchupak, M., Babiy, L., Muñoz, J., Ruiz, F., Blanquer, J., Simó, M., Herrejón, A., Núñez, C., Chiner, E., Nouira, S., Elatrous, S., Bchir, A., Jaafoura, M., Abroug, F., Bouchouha, S., Bahrami, S., Yu, Y., Redl, H., Schlag, G., Conti, G., Cogliati, A., Dell’Utri, D., Ferretti, A., Traversa, R., Di Chiara, L., Marino, P., Kesecioĝlu, J., Pompe, J. C., Gültuna, I., Ince, C., Erdmann, W., Bruining, H. A., Castañeda, J., Blanco, J., Aldecoa, C., Boulain, T., Furet, Y., Dequin, P. F., Legras, A., and Perrotin, D.

Published
1992
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29. OZCAR: The French Network of Critical Zone Observatories

Author

Gaillardet, J., Braud, I., Hankard, F., Anquetin, S., Bour, O., Dorfliger, N., de Dreuzy, J. R., Galle, Sylvie, Galy, C., Gogo, S., Gourcy, L., Habets, F., Laggoun, F., Longuevergne, L., Le Borgne, T., Naaim-Bouvet, F., Nord, G., Simonneaux, Vincent, Six, D., Tallec, T., Valentin, Christian, Abril, G., Allemand, P., Arenes, A., Arfib, B., Arnaud, L., Arnaud, N., Arnaud, P., Audry, S., Comte, V. B., Batiot, C., Battais, A., Bellot, H., Bernard, E., Bertrand, C., Bessiere, H., Binet, S., Bodin, J., Bodin, X., Boithias, Laurie, Bouchez, J., Boudevillain, B., Moussa, I. B., Branger, F., Braun, Jean-Jacques, Brunet, P., Caceres, B., Calmels, D., Cappelaere, Bernard, Celle-Jeanton, H., Chabaux, F., Chalikakis, K., Champollion, C., Copard, Y., Cotel, C., Davy, P., Deline, P., Delrieu, G., Demarty, Jérome, Dessert, C., Dumont, M., Emblanch, C., Ezzahar, J., Esteves, Michel, Favier, V., Faucheux, M., Filizola, N., Flammarion, P., Floury, P., Fovet, O., Fournier, M., Francez, A. J., Gandois, L., Gascuel, C., Gayer, E., Genthon, C., Gerard, M. F., David, Gilbert, Gouttevin, I., Grippa, M., Gruau, G., Jardani, A., Jeanneau, L., Join, J. L., Jourde, H., Karbou, F., Labat, D., Lagadeuc, Y., Lajeunesse, E., Lastennet, R., Lavado, W., Lawin, E., Lebel, Thierry, Le Bouteiller, C., Legout, C., Lejeune, Y., Le Meur, E., Le Moigne, N., Lions, J., Lucas, A., Malet, J. P., Marais-Sicre, C., Marechal, J. C., Marlin, C., Martin, P., Martins, J., Martinez, Jean-Michel, Massei, N., Mauclerc, A., Mazzilli, N., Molenat, J., Moreira Turcq, Patricia, Mougin, E., Morin, S., Ngoupayou, J. N., Panthou, G., Peugeot, Christophe, Picard, G., Pierret, M. C., Porel, G., Probst, A., Probst, J. L., Rabatel, A., Raclot, Damien, Ravanel, L., Rejiba, F., Rene, P., Ribolzi, Olivier, Riotte, Jean, Riviere, A., Robain, Henri, Ruiz, Laurent, Sanchez-Perez, J. M., Santini, William, Sauvage, S., Schoeneich, P., Seidel, J. L., Sekhar, M., Sengtaheuanghoung, O., Silvera, Norbert, Steinmann, M., Soruco, A., Tallec, G., Thibert, E., Lao, D. V., Vincent, Christine, Viville, D., Wagnon, Patrick, and Zitouna, R.

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

The French critical zone initiative, called OZCAR (Observatoires de la Zone Critique–Application et Recherche or Critical Zone Observatories–Application and Research) is a National Research Infrastructure (RI). OZCAR-RI is a network of instrumented sites, bringing together 21 pre-existing research observatories monitoring different compartments of the zone situated between “the rock and the sky,” the Earth’s skin or critical zone (CZ), over the long term. These observatories are regionally based and have specific initial scientific questions, monitoring strategies, databases, and modeling activities. The diversity of OZCAR-RI observatories and sites is well representative of the heterogeneity of the CZ and of the scientific communities studying it. Despite this diversity, all OZCAR-RI sites share a main overarching mandate, which is to monitor, understand, and predict (“earthcast”) the fluxes of water and matter of the Earth’s near surface and how they will change in response to the “new climatic regime.” The vision for OZCAR strategic development aims at designing an open infrastructure, building a national CZ community able to share a systemic representation of the CZ , and educating a new generation of scientists more apt to tackle the wicked problem of the Anthropocene. OZCAR articulates around: (i) a set of common scientific questions and cross-cutting scientific activities using the wealth of OZCAR-RI observatories, (ii) an ambitious instrumental development program, and (iii) a better interaction between data and models to integrate the different time and spatial scales. Internationally, OZCAR-RI aims at strengthening the CZ community by providing a model of organization for pre-existing observatories and by offering CZ instrumented sites. OZCAR is one of two French mirrors of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructure (eLTER-ESFRI) project.

Published
2018

30. L'avalanche du Bourgeat survenue le 9 janvier 2018

Author

Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bellot, H., Caccamo, P., Naaim, Mohamed, Ousset, F., Thibert, Emmanuel, Ravanat, X., Faug, T., Pitet, L., Segor, V., Maggioni, M., Bruno, E., Godone, D., Ceaglio, E., Viglietti, D., Freppaz, M., Barbero, M., Barpi, F., Borri-Brunetto, M., Bovet, E., Chiaia, B., De Biagi, V., Frigo, B., Pallara, O., Érosion torrentielle, neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), REGIONE AUTONOMA VALLE D'AOSTA ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TURINO ITA, DISTR POLITECNICO DI TORINO ITA, and INRAE

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]
Abstract

Chapeau. Le 9 janvier 2018, autour de 7h15, une avalanche d'ampleur significative descend le couloir du Bourgeat. L'écoulement de neige poudreuse, également appelé aérosol, détruit la forêt sur une largeur très importante et franchit le paravalanche du Bourgeat. Une quarantaine de chalets en aval de la digue terminale du paravalanche sont recouverts de neige par l'aérosol, et de nombreux arbres sont détruits et transportés par l'aérosol, ce qui cause les principaux dégâts qui restent fort heureusement uniquement matériels. Lors de sa propagation dans le couloir, l'écoulement dense, de neige froide au départ, se transforme en un écoulement plus lent, de neige humide, et interagit de manière complexe avec le paravalanche qui, in fine, contient bien la masse de neige lourde. Cet article propose une brève analyse qualitative des différentes hypothèses concernant les conditions de déclenchement, de propagation de l'aérosol et des écoulements denses et de leur interaction avec le paravalanche. Il dresse également une liste de questions qui peuvent se poser suite à cet événement.

Published
2018

31. Aeolian transport over wet sand beds

Author

Ralaiarisoa, Velotiana Jean-Luc, Valance, Alexandre, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Ould El Moctar, Ahmed, Dupont, Pascal, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire de thermocinétique [Nantes] (LTN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, wind-tunnel, aeolian transport, wind, wet sand, sand, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The transport of particles by the wind takes place in different natural contexts: sand in deserts and coastal areas or snow in cold regions. For spherical, dry and non-cohesive sand, the physics of aeolian transport is quite well understood. In contrast, much less is known about aeolian transport over wet sand beds which is relevant to sandy coastal areas. Although moisture effects have been the focus of numerous studies, there exist significant discrepancies in experimental or model predictions and reliable and quantitative results for aeolian sand transport in moist environments are lacking. In this experimental work, we conducted well-controlled wind tunnel experiments with wet sand beds ranging from 0.5 to 3% of moisture content at different wind speeds. The experiment al challenge is to control the homogeneity of the sand-water mixture and to minimize water evaporation during the experiments. To this end, the mixture of a 0.2mm natural sand and water was achieved in a concrete mixer and then left in a sealed container over 24 hours before it is spread evenly over the whole 7m length of the tunnel. Importantly, the air entering the tunnel is fully saturated of water vapor with the help of ultrasonic fog makers. We investigated two different configurations of transport: (i) the first one with zero upwind particle flux and (ii) the second with a finite upwind flux. The first configuration allows us to assess the static threshold of transport while the second one provides information about the dynamic threshold. For each experiment which typically lasts one or two minutes, the mass flow rate is obtained both via sand trap measurements and particle imaging. Preliminary results confirm that the presence of moisture within the bed increases the static threshold of transport but by a much greater factor than previously reported in the literature. For example with 3% moisture content, we found a threshold wind speed of 25m/s compared to the 8m/s given in the literature (see Fig. 1a). In contrast, the dynamic threshold is significantly lower and is close to that obtained for dry sand. Additionally, experiments with a finite upwind mass flux lead to mass flow rates comparable with those obtained for dry sand. At moderate wind speed (5m/s), the mass flow rate over 3% wet sand bed is surprisingly equivalent to that found for dry sand while at higher wind speed (7 and 9 m/s), it is smaller (see Fig. 1b). These results suggest that the saturated value of transport over a wet sand bed is the same as over dry sand but that the saturation length is much longer than that in dry conditions. We strongly suspect that with a longer tunnel, the mass flow rate would have reached the same value as for dry sand at any speed. These new results clearly rise the issues of saturated state of transport over wet sand beds and the sensitivity of the saturation length to moisture content.

Published
2018

33. Operational implementation and evaluation of a blowing snow scheme for avalanche hazard forecasting

Author

Vionnet, V., Lafaysse, M., Naaim Bouvet, F., Giraud, G., Deliot, Y., Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; In alpine terrain, blowing snow events strongly affect the local evolution of the avalanche danger and must be taken into account by avalanche hazard forecasters. This study presents the implementation and the evaluation of the blowing snow scheme Sytron into the operational chain for avalanche hazard forecasting (named S2M) used in the main French mountain ranges. S2M-Sytron provides information on blowing snow occurrence and intensity per 300-m elevation bands and aspects for several regions of the French mountains. The wind forcing is provided by the meteorological analysis system SAFRAN. S2M-Sytron was evaluated for winter 2015/16 at 11 automatic stations measuring wind speed and blowing snow fluxes in the French Alps. The system detects 55% of blowing snow days with less than 10% of false alarms. S2M-Sytron captures the occurrence of blowing snow events with and without concurrent snowfall. Improvements are obtained when considering an updated parameterization for the properties of falling snow which reduces the threshold velocity for freshly fallen snow. Using observed wind speed instead of SAFRAN wind speed to drive Sytron shows further improvements at stations where SAFRAN wind speed differs from the observations due to local topographic features. Overall, S2M-Sytron provides a regional blowing snow assessment but cannot fully reproduce the local intensity of blowing snow events.

Published
2018
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34. Effectiveness of avalanche protection structures in run-out zones: the Taconnaz avalanche path case in France

Author

Naaim, Mohamed, Faug, T., Naaim Bouvet, F., Eckert, Nicolas, Irstea Publications, Migration, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, PROTECTION EFFECTIVENESS, RETARDING MOUNDS AND DAMS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, AVALANCHE, DEPTH-AVERAGED MODEL
Abstract

International audience; The present study uses a numerical avalanche propagation model based on depth-averaged equations supplemented with the Voellmy snow rheology. The effectiveness of the complex avalanche protection system currently built in the run-out zone of Taconnaz avalanche path, in the French Alps in Chamonix Mont-Blanc valley, is evaluated. This work was motivated by the fact that the protection structure initially planned to mitigate a centennial reference avalanche event could not be fully achieved primarily due to some budgetary constraints. A number of numerical simulations were conducted, considering different avalanche scenarios in terms of both the volume and the Froude number of the incoming flows at the entrance of the current avalanche protection system. Particular attention was paid to the residual volumes that were able to overtop the 25-m-high catching dam settled at the downstream end of the avalanche protection system, thus quantifying the overall effectiveness of the current protection system for the different scenarios considered.

Published
2018

35. OZCAR: French network of Critical Zone Observatories exploring the human's habitat

Author

Hankard, F., Gaillardet, J., Braud, I., Anquetin, S., Batiot, C., Boithias, L., Boudevillain, B., Bour, O., Galle, S., Galy, C., Gogo, Sébastien, Gourcy, Laurence, Grippa, M., Habets, F., Le Bouteiller, C., Longuevergne, Laurent, Martinez, J. M., Molenat, Jérôme, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Probst, A., Ruiz, L., Six, D., Tallec, T., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Water management, HYDROLOGY, Instruments and techniques: monitoring, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Catchment, Watershed
Abstract

International audience; OZCAR (Critical Zone Observatories - Application and Research) is a national Research Infrastructure dedicated to providing an integrated understanding of the Earth's surface processes ranging from the subsurface to the lower atmosphere and from high mountains to coastal areas. It includes over 100 highly instrumented sites distributed among 21 observatories for long-term measurements of biological, chemical and physical parameters of groundwater, river water, glaciers, soils, and wetlands in France and overseas. Based on long-term observations at the landscape scale, OZCAR sites address specific environmental question of local societal relevance but all share the same overarching goal of better predicting the response of the Critical Zone to perturbations across a range of timescales. Diversity of OZCAR observation sites allows exploring laterally and vertically all compartments of the CZ from mountains to costal areas. This enables data acquisition on water, soils, agricultural practices and exchanges with the atmosphere. Thus, OZCAR proposes a great variety of models that ultimately will help reproducing observations and predict the evolution of the CZ. Through its wealth of environmental data portal and modelling platerforms, OZCAR aims at advising policy makers and stakeholers on the water, soil, and biodiversity resource. Recently, OZCAR integrated together with the French LTSER network (Zones Ateliers) the pan-European eLTER-ESFRI project.

Published
2018

36. The Bourgeat avalanche that occurred on the 9th of January 2018

Author

Faug, Thierry, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bonnefoy, M., Thibert, Emmanuel, Eckert, Nicolas, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

National audience; Cet article fait une analyse en retour brève de l'avalanche de neige de grande ampleur survenue le 9 janvier 2018 et qui a rempli en grande partie le paravalanche.

Published
2018

37. Blowing snow sublimation at high altitude and effects on the surface boundary layer

Author

Vionnet, V., Deliot, Y., Naaim Bouvet, F., Sicart, J.E., Bellot, H., Merzisen, H., Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, COL DU LAC BLANC
Abstract

International audience; In alpine terrain, wind-induced snow transport strongly influences the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover. During their transport, blown snow particles undergo sublimation with an intensity depending on atmospheric conditions (air temperature and humidity). The mass loss due to blowing snow sublimation is a source of uncertainty for the mass balance of the alpine snowpack. Additionally, blowing snow sublimation modifies humidity and temperature in the surface boundary layer. To better quantify these effects in alpine terrain, a dedicated measurement setup has been deployed at the experimental site of Col du Lac Blanc (2720 m a.s.l., French Alps, Cryobs-Clim network) since winter 2015/2016. It consists in three vertical masts measuring the near-surface vertical profiles (0.2-5 m) of wind speed, air temperature and humidity and blowing snow fluxes and size distribution. Observations collected during blowing snow events without concurrent snowfall show only a slight increase in relative humidity (10-20%) and near-surface saturation is never observed. Estimation of blowing snow sublimation rates are then obtained from these measurements. They range between 0 and 5 mmSWE day-1 for blowing snow events without snowfall in agreement with previous studies in different environments (North American prairies, Antarctica). Finally, an estimation of the mass loss due to blowing snow sublimation at our experimental site is proposed for two consecutive winters. Future use of the database collected in this study includes the evaluation of blowing snow models in alpine terrain.

Published
2017

38. Blowing snow sublimation at high altitude and effects on the surface boundary layer

Author

Vionnet, Vincent, Guyomarc’h, Gilbert, Sicart, Jean Emmanuel, Déliot, Yannick, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bellot, Hervé, Hugo, Merzisen, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; In alpine terrain, wind-induced snow transport strongly influences the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover. During their transport, blown snow particles undergo sublimation with an intensity depending on atmospheric conditions (air temperature and humidity). The mass loss due to blowing snow sublimation is a source of uncertainty for the mass balance of the alpine snowpack. Additionally, blowing snow sublimation modifies humidity and temperature in the surface boundary layer. To better quantify these effects in alpine terrain, a dedicated measurement setup has been deployed at the experimental site of Col du Lac Blanc (2720 m a.s.l., French Alps, Cryobs-Clim network) since winter 2015/2016. It consists in three vertical masts measuring the near-surface vertical profiles (0.2-5 m) of wind speed, air temperature and humidity and blowing snow fluxes and size distribution. Observations collected during blowing snow events without concurrent snowfall show only a slight increase in relative humidity (10-20%) and near-surface saturation is never observed. Estimation of blowing snow sublimation rates are then obtained from these measurements. They range between 0 and 5 mmSWE day-1 for blowing snow events without snowfall in agreement with previous studies in different environments (North American prairies, Antarctica). Finally, an estimation of the mass loss due to blowing snow sublimation at our experimental site is proposed for two consecutive winters. Future use of the database collected in this study includes the evaluation of blowing snow models in alpine terrain

Published
2017

39. CRYOBS-CLIM: the CRYosphere, an OBServatory of the CLIMate

Author

Six, Delphine, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Schoeneich, Philippe, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
monitoring, glacier, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, snow, ice sheet, permafrost
Abstract

International audience; The SOERE CRYOBS-Clim aims at gathering monitoring strategies and observations performed on mountain glaciers, polar ice-sheets, seasonal snow cover and mountain permafrost in different regions (European Alps, tropical Andes, Himalayas, Antarctica,Svalbard).It addresses major societal issues such as water resources, ice-related hazards, atmospheric processes, avalanches, sea level rise, global climate change, …The observation strategy is based on in-situ (automated and manual) and remote (photogrammetry, LiDAR, satellite) monitoring of snow and ice related variables, which are conducted at different spatial scales (from tens of square meters to tens of square kilometers) and different time scales (from hourly to decadal) depending on the observation purpose. Many variables of interest are challenging to measure, requiringthe developments of innovative technology.An overview of data, new technologies and examples of significant results obtained in he framework of CRYOBS-CLIM will be given in the presentation.

Published
2017

40. Involvment of the SOERE CRYOBS-CLIM (CRYosphere, an OBServatory of the CLIMate) in snow and ice related hazards prevention

Author

Six, Delphine, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Schoeneich, Philippe, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Irstea Publications, Migration, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and NAAIM, florence

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, ice related hazard, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, water ressources, ALPES FRANCAISES, Avalanche
Abstract

International audience; The SOERE CRYOBS-Clim aims at gathering monitoring strategies and observations performed on mountain glaciers, polar ice-sheets, seasonal snow cover and mountain permafrost in different regions (European Alps, tropical Andes, Himalayas, Antarctica, Svalbard). The monitoring and research topics consist in documenting and studying: i) Ice, water, and vapor mass fluxes (precipitation, snow transport, melt ...) mainly at the interface with the atmosphere. ii) Radiative and turbulent energy fluxes between the atmosphere and the surface, and the thermodynamic variables of the boundary layer. iii) The internal state of subsurface systems (temperature, conductivity, density, liquid water content, etc.) and the resulting continental water mass storage (water resource, sea-level). iv) Ice dynamics It addresses major societal issues such as water resources, ice-related hazards, atmospheric processes, avalanches, sea level rise and ocean circulation, global climate change. Significant examples obtained in the framework of CRYOBS-CLIM will be given in the presentation : water ressources in the Andes, blowing snow forecast related to avalanche hazard, glacial destabilization (including rock glaciers) in the French Alps...

Published
2017

41. Draix-Bleone critical zone observatory

Author

Le Bouteiller, Caroline, Antoine, G., Bakyono, J.P., Barré, P., Cecillon, Lauric, Chabaux, F., Copard, Yoann, Debret, Maxime, Dellinger, M., Cras, A., Di Giovanni, Christian, Goutal, N, Hilton, R.G., Klotz, Sebastien, F, MALLET, Marc, Vincent, Meunier, Patrick, Naaim-Bouvet, F., E., Naiken, M., Ogric, Pelt, E., Soulet, G., Susanto, K., Travi, Y., Taccone, F., Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Unité Ecosystèmes Montagnards, Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Centre de géochimie de la surface (CGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Durham University, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INRA SAD, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Domaine expérimental de Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée (ST LAURENT DE LA PREE), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Critical zone observatory, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; Draix-Bleone observatory is located in the French South Alps in a highly erodible badland area. It was created in 1983 to study hydrology and erosion processes in mountain and its focus has been extended since then to critical zone processes, including interactions between physical, chemical and biological components. In this poster we present recent results and innovative methods ranging from detailed measurements and modeling of sediment transport and soil moisture, chemical and physical denudation rates, chemical tracing of water fluxes, to the interactions between plant traits anddiversity, soil formation and stability, and interactions between vegetation cover and erosion.

Published
2017

42. Sastrugi geometrical properties and morphometry aver two winter seasons at Col du Lac Blanc (French Alps, 2700 m)

Author

Naaim Bouvet, F., Picard, G., Bellot, H., Arnaud, L., Vionnet, V., Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Some elements of snow surface roughness, such as ripple or sastrugi, are a direct manifestation of wind erosion and in turn modify the near-surface wind field and consequently the horizontal snow mass fluxes. This leads to a negative feedback between wind strength and surface roughness that must be taken into account in numerical models. Formation of sastrugi, which are elongated metric-scale ridges of wind-packed snow whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the prevailing wind at the time of their formation, is still not well-understood. The first step to provide new information about the formation and evolution of such features is to integrate meteorological data and accurate description of geometrical properties. But the complex and dynamic surface of sastrugi cannot be easily captured by manual measurements (Bellot et al., 2014), which furthermore must be frequent as the formation of new landforms can happen very quickly. That's why the potential of a low-cost time-lapse terrestrial laserscan RLS (Picard et al., 2016) has been investigated during the winter seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at Col du Lac Blanc in the French Alps. This experimental test site, dedicated to drifting snow studies, and subject to the formation of sastrugi is well-suited for such study : accurate meteorological data, including drifting snow fluxes, are available each 10 minutes. RLS covered a surface area of around 200 m2 for a spatial horizontal resolution of nearly 2 cm and monitored successfully surface roughness once a day during the whole winter seasons. Sastrugi geometrical parameters, such as the frontal area and average height of roughness elements has been extracted from the RLS data and the sastrugi morphometry has be examined over two winter seasons in link with snow fall, drifting snow occurence and intensity and wind speed.

Published
2017

43. Sastrugi geometrical properties and morphometry over two winter seasons at Col du Lac Blanc (French Alps, 2700 m a.s.l)

Author

Naaim-Bouvet, F., Picard, Ghislain, Bellot, Hervé, Laurent, Arnaud, Vionnet, Vincent, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, wind, Sastrugi, laserscan, snow
Abstract

International audience; Some elements of snow surface roughness, such as ripple or sastrugi, are a direct manifestation of wind erosion and in turn modify the near-surface wind field and consequently the horizontal snow mass fluxes. This leads to a negative feedback between wind strength and surface roughness that must be taken into account in numerical models.Formation of sastrugi, which are elongated metric-scale ridges of wind-packed snow whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the prevailing wind at the time of their formation, is still not well-understood. The first step to provide new information about the formation and evolution of such features is to integrate meteorological data and accurate description of geometrical properties.But the complex and dynamic surface of sastrugi cannot be easily captured by manual measurements (Bellot et al., 2014), which furthermore must be frequent as the formation of new landforms can happen very quickly. That’s why the potential of a low-cost time-lapse terrestrial laserscan RLS (Picard et al., 2016) has been investigated during the winter seasons 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 at Col du Lac Blanc in the French Alps. This experimental test site, dedicated to drifting snow studies, and subject to the formation of sastrugi is well-suited for such study : accurate meteorological data, including drifting snow fluxes, are available each 10 minutes.RLS covered a surface area of around 200 m2 for a spatial horizontal resolution of nearly 2 cm and monitored successfully surface roughness once a day during the whole winter seasons. Sastrugi geometrical parameters, such as the frontal area and average height of roughness elements has been extracted from the RLS data and the sastrugi morphometry has be examined over two winter seasons in link with snow fall, drifting snow occurence and intensity and wind speed.

Published
2017

44. Avalanches

Author

Faug, T., Naaim, Mohamed, Naaim Bouvet, F., Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

45. Morphométrie des sastrugi suivie par laser-scan automatique au Col du Lac Blanc (Alpes Françaises, 2720 m)

Author

Naaim Bouvet, F., Picard, G., Bellot, H., Arnaud, L., Vionnet, V., Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
STRASTUGI, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

National audience; Le manteau neigeux présente certains éléments de rugosité de surface, tels que les ripples ou les sastrugi, qui sont directement liés à l'érosion éolienne. En retour, ces rugosités modifient l'écoulement du vent à proximité de la surface, et par là même, le flux de neige transporté par le vent (Amory et al., 2016). Cette rétroaction doit donc être prise en compte dans les modèles numériques. Les sastrugi consistent en une irrégularité topographique tranchante du manteau neigeux d'une échelle métrique et dont les arrêtes sont orientées dans la direction des vents dominants au moment de leur formation. Les processus de formation de telles structures restent encore mal identifiés. Pour améliorer la connaissance dans ce domaine, une première étape consiste à combiner données météorologiques et descriptions précises des propriétés géométriques des sastrugi. Mais la complexité des surfaces ne peut pas être facilement appréhendée par de simples mesures manuelles et ce, d'autant plus, que la dynamique de formation de telles structures est très rapide. Un suivi régulier par balayage laser automatique peut donc être une solution. C'est ainsi qu'un laser-scan bas coût mis au point à l'IGE (Picard et al., 2016) a été testé pendant deux saisons hivernales au Col du Lac Blanc (Oisans, 2720 m) dans le cadre du SOERE CRYOBS-CLIM. Ce site expérimental est particulièrement bien adapté pour une telle étude puisqu'il dispose, outre d'une zone où se forment régulièrement des sastrugi, de données météorologiques précises, incluant le flux de particules de neige transportée, et ce toutes les 10 minutes. Le laser-scan a couvert une surface au sol d'environ 200 m² pour une résolution spatiale horizontale de 2 cm et a permis de suivre l'évolution de l'état de surface à raison d'un scan (voir 2) par jour pendant les saisons 2015-2016 et 2016-2017. Les caractéristiques géométriques des sastrugi, comme le maître couple ou encore la hauteur moyenne des rugosités, ont été extraites des modèles numériques de terrain issus du laser-scan et la morphométrie des sastrugi a été examiné à la lumière des données d'intensité des chutes de neige, de vitesses de vent et de flux de particules de neige transportée.

Published
2017

46. Suivi sur un site de haute altitude de la sublimation liée au transport de neige par le vent et de ces effets sur la couche limite de surface

Author

Vionnet, V., Deliot, Y., Bellot, H., Naaim Bouvet, F., Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, COL DU LAC BLANC
Abstract

National audience; Le transport de la neige par le vent est une composante importante de l'interaction entre l'atmosphère et la cryosphère. Dans les Alpes, il influence fortement la distribution temporelle et spatiale de la couverture neigeuse. Il s'accompagne également de la sublimation des particules de neige transportées dont l'intensité varie en fonction des conditions atmosphériques (température et humidité de l'air). Cette restitution de la neige à l'atmosphère sous forme de vapeur d'eau est une source d'incertitudes dans le bilan massique du manteau neigeux des régions alpines. La sublimation liée au transport modifie également les conditions atmosphériques dans la couche limite de surface en augmentant l'humidité de la masse d'air et en diminuant sa température. Des observations collectées en Antarctique ont ainsi montré que l'occurrence d'épisodes de transport de neige par le vent s'accompagne de la formation près de la surface d'une couche d'air saturée en vapeur d'eau. En zone alpine, des études de modélisation suggèrent un comportement différent et une augmentation limitée de l'humidité relative liée au mélange turbulent et à l'advection d'air sec. Afin de mieux documenter ces rétroactions en zone alpine, un mât de mesure du profil vertical de température et d'humidité près de la surface a été déployé depuis l'hiver 2015/2016 sur le site expérimental du Col du Lac Blanc (2720 m, massif des Grandes Rousses) appartenant au SOERE CryObs-Clim. Les données de ce mât ont été combinées avec les mesures de vent et des flux de neige transportée collectées sur le site. Les premiers résultats de cette analyse pour des épisodes de transport sans chute de neige simultanée sont présentés dans cette étude. Ils confirment les résultats de modélisation et montrent qu'au Col du Lac Blanc le transport de neige par le vent s'accompagne d'une augmentation limitée de l'humidité relative près de la surface. Cette augmentation peut être reliée à l'intensité du transport de neige par le vent et aux conditions d'humidité et de température de la masse d'air. Cette base de données constitue un nouveau moyen d'évaluation des modèles numériques de transport de neige par le vent en zone alpine.

Published
2017

47. Towards a free electron laser using laser plasma acceleration on COXINEL

Author

Couprie, M. E., primary, André, T., additional, Blache, F., additional, Bouvet, F., additional, Briquez, F., additional, Dennetière, D., additional, Dietrich, Y., additional, de Oliviera, C., additional, Duval, J. P., additional, Ajjouri, M. El, additional, Ghaith, A., additional, Herbeaux, C., additional, Hubert, N., additional, Khojoyan, M., additional, Kitégi, C., additional, Labat, M., additional, Leclercq, N., additional, Lestrade, A., additional, Loulergue, A., additional, Marcouillé, O., additional, Marteau, F., additional, Oumbarek, D., additional, Polack, F., additional, Rommeluère, P., additional, Sebdaoui, M., additional, Tavakoli, K., additional, Valléau, M., additional, Andriyash, I. A., additional, Benabderrahmane, C., additional, Corde, S., additional, Gautier, J., additional, Goddet, J. P., additional, Lambert, G., additional, Mahieu, B., additional, Phuoc, K. Ta, additional, Tafzi, A., additional, Thaury, C., additional, Smartsev, S., additional, Malka, V., additional, Roussel, E., additional, Evain, C., additional, Szwaj, C., additional, and Bielawski, S., additional

Published
2019
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48. Energy spread tuning of a laser-plasma accelerated electron beam in a magnetic chicane.

Author

Roussel, E, André, T, Andriyash, I, Blache, F, Bouvet, F, Corde, S, Espinos, D Oumbarek, Ghaith, A, Goddet, J-P, Kitegi, C, Kononenko, O, Labat, M, Lambert, G, Lestrade, A, Loulergue, A, Marteau, F, Marcouillé, O, Sebdaoui, M, Tafzi, A, and Tavakoli, K

Subjects
FREE electron lasers, RELATIVISTIC electron beams, ELECTRON beams, UNDULATOR radiation, RADIATION trapping, FOCUS (Optics), LIGHT sources
Abstract

Laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) deliver relativistic electron beams with high peak current and low emittance, with energies up to the GeV-level in only few centimetres. However, the divergence and the energy spread of these beams remain too large for potential light source applications. A magnetic transfer line can be used to manipulate the electron beam phase-space and select the transmitted energies with a slit located at its center. We will show that with a proper focusing optics along the line, one can tune the energy spread of the beam at a given energy without loss and produce undulator radiation with controlled bandwidth. We present analytic studies, numerical simulations and experimental results on the controled electron beam transport and application to undulator radiation with a control of the bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. Publisher Correction: Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources

Author

André, T., primary, Andriyash, I. A., additional, Loulergue, A., additional, Labat, M., additional, Roussel, E., additional, Ghaith, A., additional, Khojoyan, M., additional, Thaury, C., additional, Valléau, M., additional, Briquez, F., additional, Marteau, F., additional, Tavakoli, K., additional, N’Gotta, P., additional, Dietrich, Y., additional, Lambert, G., additional, Malka, V., additional, Benabderrahmane, C., additional, Vétéran, J., additional, Chapuis, L., additional, El Ajjouri, T., additional, Sebdaoui, M., additional, Hubert, N., additional, Marcouillé, O., additional, Berteaud, P., additional, Leclercq, N., additional, El Ajjouri, M., additional, Rommeluère, P., additional, Bouvet, F., additional, Duval, J. -P., additional, Kitegi, C., additional, Blache, F., additional, Mahieu, B., additional, Corde, S., additional, Gautier, J., additional, Ta Phuoc, K., additional, Goddet, J. P., additional, Lestrade, A., additional, Herbeaux, C., additional, Évain, C., additional, Szwaj, C., additional, Bielawski, S., additional, Tafzi, A., additional, Rousseau, P., additional, Smartsev, S., additional, Polack, F., additional, Dennetière, D., additional, Bourassin-Bouchet, C., additional, De Oliveira, C., additional, and Couprie, M. -E., additional

Published
2018
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50. Control of laser plasma accelerated electrons for light sources

Author

André, T., primary, Andriyash, I. A., additional, Loulergue, A., additional, Labat, M., additional, Roussel, E., additional, Ghaith, A., additional, Khojoyan, M., additional, Thaury, C., additional, Valléau, M., additional, Briquez, F., additional, Marteau, F., additional, Tavakoli, K., additional, N’Gotta, P., additional, Dietrich, Y., additional, Lambert, G., additional, Malka, V., additional, Benabderrahmane, C., additional, Vétéran, J., additional, Chapuis, L., additional, El Ajjouri, T., additional, Sebdaoui, M., additional, Hubert, N., additional, Marcouillé, O., additional, Berteaud, P., additional, Leclercq, N., additional, El Ajjouri, M., additional, Rommeluère, P., additional, Bouvet, F., additional, Duval, J. -P., additional, Kitegi, C., additional, Blache, F., additional, Mahieu, B., additional, Corde, S., additional, Gautier, J., additional, Ta Phuoc, K., additional, Goddet, J. P., additional, Lestrade, A., additional, Herbeaux, C., additional, Évain, C., additional, Szwaj, C., additional, Bielawski, S., additional, Tafzi, A., additional, Rousseau, P., additional, Smartsev, S., additional, Polack, F., additional, Dennetière, D., additional, Bourassin-Bouchet, C., additional, De Oliveira, C., additional, and Couprie, M.-E., additional

Published
2018
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