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1. The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

Author: Braithwaite, T., Bailey, H., Bartholomew, D., Maharaj, V., Fraser, A., Deomansingh, F., Ramsewak, S. S., Tripathi, V., Sharma, S., Singh, D., Ramsewak, S. S., Bourne, R. R. A., and Gray, A.
Published: 2024
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2. The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

Author: Braithwaite, T., primary, Bailey, H., additional, Bartholomew, D., additional, Maharaj, V., additional, Fraser, A., additional, Deomansingh, F., additional, Ramsewak, S. S., additional, Tripathi, V., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Singh, D., additional, Bourne, R. R. A., additional, and Gray, A., additional
Published: 2023
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3. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Bourne R. R. A., Steinmetz J. D., Saylan M., Mersha A. M., Weldemariam A. H., Wondmeneh T. G., Sreeramareddy C. T., Pinheiro M., Yaseri M., Yu C., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Z. -J., Zimsen S. R. M., Yonemoto N., Tsegaye G. W., Vu G. T., Vongpradith A., Renzaho A. M. N., Sorrie M. B., Shaheen A. A., Shiferaw W. S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Saya G. K., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Shigematsu M., Sahraian M. A., Naderifar H., Sabour S., Rathi P., Sathian B., Miller T. R., Rezapour A., Rawal L., Pham H. Q., Parekh U., Podder V., Onwujekwe O. E., Pasovic M., Otstavnov N., Negash H., Pawar S., Naimzada M. D., Al Montasir A., Ogbo F. A., Owolabi M. O., Pakshir K., Mohammad Y., Moni M. A., Nunez-Samudio V., Mulaw G. F., Naveed M., Maleki S., Michalek I. M., Misra S., Swamy S. N., Mohammed J. A., Flaxman S., Park E. -C., Briant P. S., Meles G. G., Hayat K., Landires I., Kim G. R., Liu X., LeGrand K. E., Taylor H. R., Kunjathur S. M., Khoja T. A. M., Bicer B. K., Khalilov R., Hashi A., Kayode G. A., Carneiro V. L. A., Kavetskyy T., Kosen S., Kulkarni V., Holla R., Kalhor R., Jayaram S., Islam S. M. S., Gilani S. A., Eskandarieh S., Molla M. D., Itumalla R., Farzadfar F., Congdon N. G., Elhabashy H. R., Elayedath R., Couto R. A. S., Dervenis N., Cromwell E. A., Dahlawi S. M. A., Resnikoff S., Casson R. J., Abdoli A., Choi J. -Y. J., Dos Santos F. L. C., Abrha W. A., Nagaraja S. B., Abualhasan A., Adal T. G., Aregawi B. B., Beheshti M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Afshin A., Ahmadieh H., Alemzadeh S. A., Arrigo A., Atnafu D. D., Ashbaugh C., Ashrafi E., Alemayehu W., Alfaar A. S., Alipour V., Anbesu E. W., Androudi S., Arabloo J., Arditi A., Bagli E., Baig A. A., Barnighausen T. W., Battaglia Parodi M., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bijani A., Bikbov M., Bottone M., Braithwaite T., Bron A. M., Butt Z. A., Cheng C. -Y., Chu D. -T., Cicinelli M. V., Coelho J. M., Dai X., Dana R., Dandona L., Dandona R., Del Monte M. A., Deva J. P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Dreer L. E., Ehrlich J. R., Ellwein L. B., Emamian M. H., Fernandes A. G., Fischer F., Friedman D. S., Furtado J. M., Gaidhane S., Gazzard G., Gebremichael B., George R., Ghashghaee A., Golechha M., Hamidi S., Hammond B. R., Hartnett M. E. R., Hartono R. K., Hay S. I., Heidari G., Ho H. C., Househ M., Ibitoye S. E., Ilic I. M., Huang J. J., Ilic M. D., Ingram A. D., Irvani S. S. N., Jha R. P., Kahloun R., Kandel H., Kasa A. S., Kempen J. H., Khairallah M., Khan E. A., Khanna R. C., Khatib M. N., Kim J. E., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Koyanagi A., Kurmi O. P., Lansingh V. C., Leasher J. L., Leveziel N., Limburg H., Manafi N., Mansouri K., McAlinden C., Mohammadi S. F., Mokdad A. H., Morse A. R., Naderi M., Naidoo K. S., Nangia V., Nguyen H. L. T., Ogundimu K., Olagunju A. T., Panda-Jonas S., Pesudovs K., Peto T., Ur Rahman M. H., Ramulu P. Y., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reinig N., Robin A. L., Rossetti L., Safi S., Sahebkar A., Samy A. M., Serle J. B., Shaikh M. A., Shen T. T., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Silva J. C., Silvester A., Singh J. A., Singhal D., Sitorus R. S., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Sousa R. A. R. C., Stambolian D., Tadesse E. G., Tahhan N., Tareque Md. I., Topouzis F., Tran B. X., Tsilimbaris M. K., Varma R., Virgili G., Wang N., Wang Y. X., West S. K., Wong T. Y., Jonas J. B., Vos T., Bourne, R. R. A., Steinmetz, J. D., Saylan, M., Mersha, A. M., Weldemariam, A. H., Wondmeneh, T. G., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Pinheiro, M., Yaseri, M., Yu, C., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Z. -J., Zimsen, S. R. M., Yonemoto, N., Tsegaye, G. W., Vu, G. T., Vongpradith, A., Renzaho, A. M. N., Sorrie, M. B., Shaheen, A. A., Shiferaw, W. S., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Saya, G. K., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Shigematsu, M., Sahraian, M. A., Naderifar, H., Sabour, S., Rathi, P., Sathian, B., Miller, T. R., Rezapour, A., Rawal, L., Pham, H. Q., Parekh, U., Podder, V., Onwujekwe, O. E., Pasovic, M., Otstavnov, N., Negash, H., Pawar, S., Naimzada, M. D., Al Montasir, A., Ogbo, F. A., Owolabi, M. O., Pakshir, K., Mohammad, Y., Moni, M. A., Nunez-Samudio, V., Mulaw, G. F., Naveed, M., Maleki, S., Michalek, I. M., Misra, S., Swamy, S. N., Mohammed, J. A., Flaxman, S., Park, E. -C., Briant, P. S., Meles, G. G., Hayat, K., Landires, I., Kim, G. R., Liu, X., Legrand, K. E., Taylor, H. R., Kunjathur, S. M., Khoja, T. A. M., Bicer, B. K., Khalilov, R., Hashi, A., Kayode, G. A., Carneiro, V. L. A., Kavetskyy, T., Kosen, S., Kulkarni, V., Holla, R., Kalhor, R., Jayaram, S., Islam, S. M. S., Gilani, S. A., Eskandarieh, S., Molla, M. D., Itumalla, R., Farzadfar, F., Congdon, N. G., Elhabashy, H. R., Elayedath, R., Couto, R. A. S., Dervenis, N., Cromwell, E. A., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Choi, J. -Y. J., Dos Santos, F. L. C., Abrha, W. A., Nagaraja, S. B., Abualhasan, A., Adal, T. G., Aregawi, B. B., Beheshti, M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Alemzadeh, S. A., Arrigo, A., Atnafu, D. D., Ashbaugh, C., Ashrafi, E., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Huang, J. J., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mokdad, A. H., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Panda-Jonas, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Stambolian, D., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Jonas, J. B., Vos, T., University of Washington [Seattle], Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg University, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Aksum University, Cairo University, University of Sharjah, Wolkite University, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, Adigrat University, San Raffaele Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Bahir Dar University (BDU), University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, ondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Service d'Ophtalmologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, University of Minho, University of Adelaide, Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Seoul National University Hospital, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Dammam - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Harvard University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Gondar, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Cairo University - Faculty of Medicine, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, The University of Lahore, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia, University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Jigjiga Universit, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Manipal academy of Higher Education, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Yale University [New Haven], University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], University of Hail, Mysore Medical College, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL), Institute of Human Virology [Nigeria] (IHVN), Myungsung Medical College, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba, Partenaires INRAE, Baku State University, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Health Ministers Council Gulf Cooperative Council Stat, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University Malaysia, Yonsei University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., and GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators* on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Eye disease, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Glaucoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Articles, General Medicine, Diabetic retinopathy, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from
Published: 2021
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4. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in East Asia in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Author: Cheng C. -Y., Wang N., Wong T. Y., Congdon N., He M., Wang Y. X., Braithwaite T., Casson R. J., Cicinelli M. V., Das A., Flaxman S. R., Jonas J. B., Keeffe J. E., Kempen J. H., Leasher J., Limburg H., Naidoo K., Pesudovs K., Resnikoff S., Silvester A. J., Tahhan N., Taylor H. R., Bourne R. R. A., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study, Battaglia Parodi M., Cheng, C. -Y., Wang, N., Wong, T. Y., Congdon, N., He, M., Wang, Y. X., Braithwaite, T., Casson, R. J., Cicinelli, M. V., Das, A., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Keeffe, J. E., Kempen, J. H., Leasher, J., Limburg, H., Naidoo, K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Silvester, A. J., Tahhan, N., Taylor, H. R., Bourne, R. R. A., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease, Study, and Battaglia Parodi, M.
Subjects: Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, medicine.medical_treatment, Visual impairment, Population, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, vision loss expert group, Blindness, vision lo, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, vision impairment, Prevalence, medicine, blindne, Humans, refractive error, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, education.field_of_study, Asia, Eastern, business.industry, Diabetic retinopathy, Cataract surgery, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Sensory Systems, Ophthalmology, glaucoma, Trachoma, cataract, global burden of disease study, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Optometry, medicine.symptom, macular degeneration, epidemiology, business
Abstract: BackgroundTo determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment (VI) in East Asia in 2015 and to forecast the trend to 2020.MethodsThrough a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, we estimated prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity ResultsIn 2015, age-standardised prevalence of blindness, MSVI, mild VI and uncorrected presbyopia was 0.37% (80% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.12%–0.68%), 3.06% (80% UI 1.35%–5.16%) and 2.65% (80% UI 0.92%–4.91%), 32.91% (80% UI 18.72%–48.47%), respectively, in East Asia. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (43.6%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (12.9%), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, trachoma and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The leading cause for MSVI was uncorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, corneal disease, trachoma and DR. The burden of VI due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma and DR has continued to rise over the decades reported.ConclusionsAddressing the public healthcare barriers for cataract and uncorrected refractive error can help eliminate almost 57% of all blindness cases in this region. Therefore, public healthcare efforts should be focused on effective screening and effective patient education, with access to high-quality healthcare.
Published: 2019
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5. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Southeast Asia and Oceania: 1990–2010

Author: Keeffe, J, Taylor, H R, Fotis, K, Pesudovs, K, Flaxman, S R, Jonas, J B, Leasher, J, Naidoo, K, Price, H, White, R A, Wong, T Y, Resnikoff, S, and Bourne, R R A
Published: 2014
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6. The morphology of the optic nerve head in the Singaporean Chinese population (the Tanjong Pagar study): part 1—optic nerve head morphology

Author: Bourne, R R A, Foster, P J, Bunce, C, Peto, T, Hitchings, R A, Khaw, P T, Seah, S K L, and Garway-Heath, D F
Published: 2008
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7. The morphology of the optic nerve head in the Singaporean Chinese population (the Tanjong Pagar study): part 2—biometric and systemic associations

Author: Bourne, R R A, Foster, P J, Bunce, C, Peto, T, Hitchings, R A, Khaw, P T, Seah, S K L, and Garway-Heath, D F
Published: 2008
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8. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Pakistan. The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey

Author: Dineen, B, Bourne, R R A, Jadoon, Z, Shah, S P, Khan, M A, Foster, A, Gilbert, C E, and Khan, M D
Published: 2007

9. Worldwide glaucoma through the looking glass

Author: Bourne, R R A
Published: 2006

10. Anterior chamber depth measurement by optical pachymetry: systematic difference using the Haag-Streit attachments

Author: Bourne, R R and Alsbirk, P H
Published: 2006

11. Prevalence of glaucoma in Thailand: a population based survey in Rom Klao District, Bangkok

Author: Bourne, R R A, Sukudom, P, Foster, P J, Tantisevi, V, Jitapunkul, S, Lee, P S, Johnson, G J, and Rojanapongpun, P
Published: 2003

12. Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Bangladeshi adults: results of the National Blindness and Low Vision Survey of Bangladesh

Author: Dineen, B P, Bourne, R R A, Ali, S M, Huq, Noorul D M, and Johnson, G J
Published: 2003

13. Outcomes of cataract surgery in Bangladesh: results from a population based nationwide survey

Author: Bourne, R R A, Dineen, B P, Ali, S M, Huq, Noorul D M, and Johnson, G J
Published: 2003

14. Intracranial plasmacytoma masquerading as Gradenigo's syndrome

Author: BOURNE, R R A and MACLAREN, R E
Published: 1998

15. Epidemic optic neuropathy in primary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Author: Bourne, R R, Dolin, P J, Mtanda, A T, Plant, G T, and Mohamed, A A
Published: 1998

16. Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Glaucoma Worldwide and in World Regions 1990 - 2010: A Meta-Analysis

Author: Bourne R. R. A., Taylor H. R., Flaxman S. R., Keeffe J., Leasher J., Naidoo K., Pesudovs K., White R. A., Wong T. Y., Resnikoff S., Jonas J. B., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study, Battaglia Parodi M, Bourne, R. R. A., Taylor, H. R., Flaxman, S. R., Keeffe, J., Leasher, J., Naidoo, K., Pesudovs, K., White, R. A., Wong, T. Y., Resnikoff, S., Jonas, J. B., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease, Study, and Battaglia Parodi, M
Subjects: Male, Visual acuity, Eye Diseases, Databases, Factual, genetic structures, Vision, Visual Acuity, Social Sciences, Glaucoma, lcsh:Medicine, Blindness, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Macular Degeneration, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prevalence, Global health, Psychology, Public and Occupational Health, Geriatric Ophthalmology, lcsh:Science, Visual Impairments, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Retinal Degeneration, Blindne, Meta-analysis, Physical Sciences, Retinal Disorders, Sensory Perception, Female, medicine.symptom, Statistics (Mathematics), Research Article, Human, Open angle glaucoma, Population, Vision, Low, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Cataracts, medicine, Humans, Statistical Methods, education, business.industry, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, Geriatrics, Lens Disorders, Macular Disorders, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Optometry, lcsh:Q, business, Mathematics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Objective:\ud \ud To assess the number of individuals visually impaired or blind due to glaucoma and to examine regional differences and temporal changes in this parameter for the period from 1990 to 2012.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud As part of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2010, we performed a systematic literature review for the period from 1980 to 2012. We primarily identified 14,908 relevant manuscripts, out of which 243 high-quality, population-based studies remained after review by an expert panel that involved application of selection criteria that dwelt on population representativeness and clarity of visual acuity methods used. Sixty-six specified the proportion attributable to glaucoma. The software tool DisMod-MR (Disease Modeling–Metaregression) of the GBD was used to calculate fraction of vision impairment due to glaucoma.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud In 2010, 2.1 million (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI):1.9,2.6) people were blind, and 4.2 (95% UI:3.7,5.8) million were visually impaired due to glaucoma. Glaucoma caused worldwide 6.6% (95% UI:5.9,7.9) of all blindness in 2010 and 2.2% (95% UI:2.0,2.8) of all moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI). These figures were lower in regions with younger populations (10%). From 1990 to 2010, the number of blind or visually impaired due to glaucoma increased by 0.8 million (95%UI:0.7, 1.1) or 62% and by 2.3 million (95%UI:2.1,3.5) or 83%, respectively. Percentage of global blindness caused by glaucoma increased between 1990 and 2010 from 4.4% (4.0,5.1) to 6.6%. Age-standardized prevalence of glaucoma related blindness and MSVI did not differ markedly between world regions nor between women.\ud \ud Significance:\ud \ud By 2010, one out of 15 blind people was blind due to glaucoma, and one of 45 visually impaired people was visually impaired, highlighting the increasing global burden of glaucoma.
Published: 2016

17. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Hay, S. I., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adedeji, I. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afshin, A., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, S., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A. A., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Aiyar, S., Akinyemiju, T. F., Akseer, N., Al Lami, F. H., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, T., Alasfoor, D., Alene, K. A., Ali, R., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkaabi, J. M., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Maskari, F., Almazroa, M. A., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Althouse, B. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amoako, Y. A., Ansha, M. G., Antonio, C. A. T., Anwari, P., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Arora, M., Artaman, A., Aryal, K. K., Asgedom, S. W., Atey, T. M., Atnafu, N. T., Avila-Burgos, L., Arthur Avokpaho, E. F. G., Awasthi, A., Awasthi, S., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azarpazhooh, M. R., Azzopardi, P., Babalola, T. K., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Balakrishnan, K., Bannick, M. S., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., BÃ€rnighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barrero, L. H., Basu, S., Battista, R., Battle, K. E., Baune, B. T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., BÃ©jot, Y., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bennett, D. A., Bennett, J. R., Bensenor, I. M., Benson, J., Berhane, A., Berhe, D. F., BernabÃ©, E., Betsu, B. D., Beuran, M., Beyene, A. S., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bienhof, K., Bikbov, B., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Blyth, F. M., Boneya, D. J., Bose, D., Bou-Orm, I. R., Bourne, R. R. A., Brainin, M., Brayne, C. E. G., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N. J. K., Briant, P. S., Britton, G., Brugha, T. S., Buchbinder, R., Bulto, L. N. B., Bumgarner, B., Butt, Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cameron, E., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Carabin, H., CÃ¡rdenas, R., Carpenter, D. O., Carrero, J. J., Carter, A., Carvalho, F., Casey, D., CastaÃ±eda-Orjuela, C. A., Rivas, J. C., Castle, C. D., CatalÃ¡-LÃ³pez, F., Chang, J. -C, Charlson, F. J., Chaturvedi, P., Chen, H., Chibalabala, M., Chibueze, C. E., Chisumpa, V. H., Chitheer, A. A., Chowdhury, R., Christopher, D. J., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Colombara, D., Cooper, L. T., Cooper, C., Cortesi, P. A., Cortinovis, M., Criqui, M. H., Cromwell, E. A., Cross, M., Crump, J. A., Dadi, A. F., Dalal, Koustuv, Damasceno, A., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., Davitoiu, D. V., Davletov, K., De Courten, B., De Leo, D., De Steur, H., Degenhardt, L., Deiparine, S., Dellavalle, R. P., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Das Jarlais, D. C., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhillon, P. K., Dicker, D., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Dokova, K., Doku, D. T., Dorsey, E. R., Dos Santos, K. P. B., Driscoll, T. R., Dubey, M., Duncan, B. B., Ebel, B. E., Echko, M., El-Khatib, Z. Z., Enayati, A., Endries, A. Y., Ermakov, S. P., Erskine, H. E., Eshetie, S., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., Fanuel, F. B. B., Farag, T., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fazeli, M. S., Feigin, V. L., Feigl, A. B., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, J. C., Ferrari, A. J., Feyissa, T. R., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fitzmaurice, C., Flaxman, A. D., Foigt, N., Foreman, K. J., Franklin, R. C., Frostad, J. J., Fullman, N., FÃŒrst, T., Furtado, J. M., Futran, N. D., Gakidou, E., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Gebre, T., Gebregergs, G. B., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Geleijnse, J. M., Geleto, A., Gemechu, B. L., Gesesew, H. A., Gething, P. W., Ghajar, A., Gibney, K. B., Gillum, R. F., Ginawi, I. A. M., Gishu, M. D., Giussani, G., Godwin, W. W., Goel, K., Goenka, S., Goldberg, E. M., Gona, P. N., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S. V., Gosselin, R. A., Gotay, C. C., Goto, A., Goulart, A. C., Graetz, N., Gugnani, H. C., Gupta, R., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, T., Gupta, V., GutiÃ©rrez, R. A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A. D., Hailu, G. B., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hammami, M., Handal, A. J., Hankey, G. J., Hao, Y., Harb, H. L., Hareri, H. A., Haro, J. M., Harun, K. M., Harvey, J., Hassanvand, M. S., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R. J., Hedayati, M. T., Hendrie, D., Henry, N. J., Heredia-Pi, I. B., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H. W., Hofman, H. J., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hostiuc, S., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D. G., Htet, A. S., Hu, G., Huang, J. J., Huynh, C., Iburg, K. M., Igumbor, E. U., Ikeda, C., Irvine, C. M. S., Jacobsen, K. H., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M. B., James, P., Jassal, S. K., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S. P., Jeemon, P., Jensen, P. N., Jha, V., Jiang, G., John, D., Johnson, C. O., Johnson, S. C., Jonas, J. B., JÃŒrisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadel, R., Kahsay, A., Kamal, R., Kar, C., Karam, N. E., Karch, A., Karema, C. K., Karimi, S. M., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kassa, G. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassaw, N. A., Kastor, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Keiyoro, P. N., Kemmer, L., Kengne, A. P., Keren, A., Kesavachandran, C. N., Khader, Y. S., Khalil, I. A., Khan, E. A., Khang, Y. -H, Khoja, A. T., Khosravi, A., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, Y. J., Kim, D., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K. A., Kissoon, N., Kivimaki, M., Knudsen, A. K., Kokubo, Y., Kolte, D., Kopec, J. A., Kosen, S., Kotsakis, G. A., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Krohn, K. J., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, P., Kyu, H. H., Lager, A. C. J., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lambert, N., Lan, Q., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A., Leasher, J. L., Lee, P. H., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Leung, J., Leung, R., Levi, M., Li, Y., Liang, X., Liben, M. L., Lim, S. S., Linn, S., Liu, A., Liu, P. Y., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lodha, R., Logroscino, G., Looker, K. J., Lopez, A. D., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Lozano, R., Lucas, T. C. D., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Macarayan, E. R. K., Maddison, E. R., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Magdy Abd El Razek, M., Magis-Rodriguez, C., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majdzadeh, R., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malhotra, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Manguerra, H., Manhertz, T., Mantovani, L. G., Mapoma, C. C., March, L. M., Marczak, L. B., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins, P. H. V., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martopullo, I., MÃ€rz, W., Mathur, M. R., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGaughey, M., McGrath, J. J., McKee, M., Mehata, S., Meier, T., Meles, K. G., Memiah, P., Memish, Z. A., Mendoza, W., Mengesha, M. M., Mengistie, M. A., Mengistu, D. T., Mensah, G. A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mezgebe, H. B., Micha, R., Millear, A., Miller, T. R., Minnig, S., Mirarefn, M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Misganaw, A., Mishra, S. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, K. E., Mohammed, M. S. K., Mohan, M. B. V., Mokdad, A. H., Mollenkopf, S. K., Monasta, L., MontaÃ±ez Hernandez, J. C., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Morrison, S. D., Moses, M., Mountjoy-Venning, C., Mruts, K. B., Mueller, U. O., Muller, K., Mudoch, M. E., Murthy, S., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, K. I., Nachega, J. B., Nagel, G., Naghavi, M., Naheed, A., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nasher, J. T., Natarajan, G., Negasa, D. E., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Newton, C. R., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, Q. L., Nguyen, G., Nguyen, T. H., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nong, V. M., Norheim, O. F., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J. J. N., Nyandwi, A., Obermeyer, C. M., O’Donnell, M. J., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Okoro, A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Olsen, H. E., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Ong, K., Opio, J. N., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Osborne, R. H., Osgood-Zimmerman, A., Osman, M., Ota, E., Owolabi, M. O., Pa, M., Pacella, R. E., Panda, B. K., Pandian, J. D., Papachristou, C., Park, E. -K, Parry, C. D., Parsaeian, M., Patil, S. T., Patten, S. B., Patton, G. C., Paudel, D., Paulson, K., Pearce, N., Pereira, D. M., Perez, K. M., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Peterson, C. B., Petri, W. A., Petzold, M., Phillips, M. R., Phipps, G., Pigott, D. M., Pillay, J. D., Pinho, C., Piradov, M. A., Plass, D., Pletcher, M. A., Popova, S., Poulton, R. G., Pourmalek, F., Prabhakaran, D., Prasad, N., Purcell, C., Purwar, M., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, R. H. S., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi, K., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. A., Rahman, M. H. U., Rai, R. K., Rajsic, S., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C. L., Rangaswamy, T., Rankin, Z., Rao, P. V., Rao, P. C., Rawaf, S., Ray, S. E., Reiner, R. C., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikof, S., Rezaei, S., Ribeiro, A. L., Roba, H. S., Robinson, S. R., Rojas-Rueda, D., Rokni, M. B., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Roth, G. A., Rothenbacher, D., Roy, A., Rubagotti, E., Ruhago, G. M., Saadat, S., Safdarian, M., Safri, S., Sagar, R., Sahathevan, R., Sahraian, M. A., Salama, J., Saleh, M. M., Salomon, J. A., Salvi, S. S., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J. R., Sanchez-NiÃ±o, M. D., Santomauro, D., Santos, J. V., Santos, I. S., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Sawhney, M., Saxena, S., Schelonka, K., Schmidt, M. I., Schneider, I. J. C., SchÃ¶ttker, B., Schutte, A. E., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Servan-Mori, E. E., Shaheen, A., Shaikh, M. A., Shamsipour, M., Shariful Islam, S. M., Sharma, R., Sharma, J., She, J., Shi, P., Shibuya, K., Shields, C., Shiferaw, M. S., Shigematsu, M., Shiri, R., Shirkoohi, R., Shirude, S., Shishani, K., Shoman, H., Siabani, S., Sibai, A. M., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Silberberg, D. H., Silva, J. P., Silva, D. A. S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, J. A., Singh, V., Singh, O. P., Singh, N. P., Sinha, D. N., Skiadaresi, E., Skirbekk, V., Slepak, E. L., Smith, D. L., Smith, M., Sobaih, B. H. A., Sobngwi, E., Soljak, M., Sorensen, R. J. D., Sousa, T. C. M., Sposato, L. A., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Srinivasan, V., Stanaway, J. D., Stathopoulou, V., Steel, N., Stein, D. J., Steiner, C., Steinke, S., Stokes, M. A., Stovner, L. J., Strub, B., Subart, M., Sufyan, M. B., Abdulkader, R. S., Sunguya, B. F., Sur, P. J., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B. L., Sylte, D., Szoeke, C. E. I., TabarÃ©s-Seisdedos, R., Tadakamadla, S. K., Tafere, G. R., Takala, J. S., Tandon, N., Tanne, D., Tarekegn, Y. L., Tavakkoli, M., Taveira, N., Taylor, H. R., Tegegne, T. K., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekelab, T., Temam Shifa, G., Terkawi, A. S., Tesfaye, D. J., Tesssema, B., Thakur, J. S., Thamsuwan, O., Theadom, A. M., Theis, A. M., Thomas, K. E., Thomas, N., Thompson, R., Thrift, A. G., Tobe-Gai, R., Tobollik, M., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Tortajada, M., Touvier, M., Traebert, J., Tran, B. X., Troeger, C., Truelsen, T., Tsoi, D., Tuzcu, E. M., Tymeson, H., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Undurraga, E. A., Uneke, C. J., Updike, R., Uthman, O. A., Uzochukwu, B. S. C., Van Boven, J. F. M., Varughese, S., Vasankari, T., Veerman, L. J., Venkatesh, S., Venketasubramanian, N., Vidavalur, R., Vijayakumar, L., Violante, F. S., Vishnu, A., Vladimirov, S. K., Vlassov, V. V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Wadilo, F., Wakayo, T., Wallin, M. T., Wang, Y. -P, Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R. G., Weiss, D. J., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H. A., Wijeratne, T., Williams, H. C., Wiysonge, C. S., Woldeyes, B. G., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woodbrook, R., Woolf, A. D., Workicho, A., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadgir, S., Yaghoubi, M., Yakob, B., Yan, L. L., Yano, Y., Ye, P., Yihdego, M. G., Yimam, H. H., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J, Yotebieng, M., Younis, M. Z., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M. E. S., Zegeye, E. A., Zenebe, Z. M., Zhang, X., Zheng, Y., Zhou, M., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zoeckler, L., Zuhlke, L. J., Murray, C. J. L., Adedji, I. A., Murdoch, M. E., Bryane, C. E. G., DALYs, G B D 2 0 1 6, Collaborators, H A L E, Hay, S. I., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adedeji, I. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afshin, A., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, S., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A. A., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Aiyar, S., Akinyemiju, T. F., Akseer, N., Al Lami, F. H., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, T., Alasfoor, D., Alene, K. A., Ali, R., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkaabi, J. M., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Maskari, F., Almazroa, M. A., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Althouse, B. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amoako, Y. A., Ansha, M. G., Antonio, C. A. T., Anwari, P., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Arora, M., Artaman, A., Aryal, K. K., Asgedom, S. W., Atey, T. M., Atnafu, N. T., Avila-Burgos, L., Arthur Avokpaho, E. F. G., Awasthi, A., Awasthi, S., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Azarpazhooh, M. R., Azzopardi, P., Babalola, T. K., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Balakrishnan, K., Bannick, M. S., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., BÃ€rnighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barrero, L. H., Basu, S., Battista, R., Battle, K. E., Baune, B. T., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., BÃ©jot, Y., Bekele, B. B., Bell, M. L., Bennett, D. A., Bennett, J. R., Bensenor, I. M., Benson, J., Berhane, A., Berhe, D. F., BernabÃ©, E., Betsu, B. D., Beuran, M., Beyene, A. S., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Biadgilign, S., Bienhof, K., Bikbov, B., Birungi, C., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bizuayehu, H. M., Blyth, F. M., Boneya, D. J., Bose, D., Bou-Orm, I. R., Bourne, R. R. A., Brainin, M., Brayne, C. E. G., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N. J. K., Briant, P. S., Britton, G., Brugha, T. S., Buchbinder, R., Bulto, L. N. B., Bumgarner, B., Butt, Z. A., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Cameron, E., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Carabin, H., CÃ¡rdenas, R., Carpenter, D. O., Carrero, J. J., Carter, A., Carvalho, F., Casey, D., CastaÃ±eda-Orjuela, C. A., Rivas, J. C., Castle, C. D., CatalÃ¡-LÃ³pez, F., Chang, J. -C, Charlson, F. J., Chaturvedi, P., Chen, H., Chibalabala, M., Chibueze, C. E., Chisumpa, V. H., Chitheer, A. A., Chowdhury, R., Christopher, D. J., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Colombara, D., Cooper, L. T., Cooper, C., Cortesi, P. A., Cortinovis, M., Criqui, M. H., Cromwell, E. A., Cross, M., Crump, J. A., Dadi, A. F., Dalal, Koustuv, Damasceno, A., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., Davitoiu, D. V., Davletov, K., De Courten, B., De Leo, D., De Steur, H., Degenhardt, L., Deiparine, S., Dellavalle, R. P., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Das Jarlais, D. C., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhillon, P. K., Dicker, D., Djalalinia, S., Do, H. P., Dokova, K., Doku, D. T., Dorsey, E. R., Dos Santos, K. P. B., Driscoll, T. R., Dubey, M., Duncan, B. B., Ebel, B. E., Echko, M., El-Khatib, Z. Z., Enayati, A., Endries, A. Y., Ermakov, S. P., Erskine, H. E., Eshetie, S., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Estep, K., Fanuel, F. B. B., Farag, T., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fazeli, M. S., Feigin, V. L., Feigl, A. B., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M, Fernandes, J. C., Ferrari, A. J., Feyissa, T. R., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fitzmaurice, C., Flaxman, A. D., Foigt, N., Foreman, K. J., Franklin, R. C., Frostad, J. J., Fullman, N., FÃŒrst, T., Furtado, J. M., Futran, N. D., Gakidou, E., Garcia-Basteiro, A. L., Gebre, T., Gebregergs, G. B., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Geleijnse, J. M., Geleto, A., Gemechu, B. L., Gesesew, H. A., Gething, P. W., Ghajar, A., Gibney, K. B., Gillum, R. F., Ginawi, I. A. M., Gishu, M. D., Giussani, G., Godwin, W. W., Goel, K., Goenka, S., Goldberg, E. M., Gona, P. N., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S. V., Gosselin, R. A., Gotay, C. C., Goto, A., Goulart, A. C., Graetz, N., Gugnani, H. C., Gupta, R., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, T., Gupta, V., GutiÃ©rrez, R. A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A. D., Hailu, G. B., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hammami, M., Handal, A. J., Hankey, G. J., Hao, Y., Harb, H. L., Hareri, H. A., Haro, J. M., Harun, K. M., Harvey, J., Hassanvand, M. S., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R. J., Hedayati, M. T., Hendrie, D., Henry, N. J., Heredia-Pi, I. B., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H. W., Hofman, H. J., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hostiuc, S., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D. G., Htet, A. S., Hu, G., Huang, J. J., Huynh, C., Iburg, K. M., Igumbor, E. U., Ikeda, C., Irvine, C. M. S., Jacobsen, K. H., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M. B., James, P., Jassal, S. K., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S. P., Jeemon, P., Jensen, P. N., Jha, V., Jiang, G., John, D., Johnson, C. O., Johnson, S. C., Jonas, J. B., JÃŒrisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadel, R., Kahsay, A., Kamal, R., Kar, C., Karam, N. E., Karch, A., Karema, C. K., Karimi, S. M., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kassa, G. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassaw, N. A., Kastor, A., Katikireddi, S. 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G., DALYs, G B D 2 0 1 6, and Collaborators, H A L E
Abstract: Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75Â·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71Â·9-78Â·6) for females and 72Â·0 years (68Â·8-75Â·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45Â·6 years [42Â·0-49Â·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41Â·5 years [39Â·0-44Â·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6Â·24 years (5Â·97-6Â·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6Â·04 years (5Â·74-6Â·27) for males and 6Â·49 years (6Â·08-6Â·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1Â·78 years, cited By 723
Published: 2017
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18. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Vos, T., Abajobir, A. A., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abate, K. H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A. M., Abebo, T. A., Abera, S. F., Aboyans, V., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Ackerman, I. N., Adamu, A. A., Adetokunboh, O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, S. K., Aggarwal, R., Agrawal, A., Agrawal, S., Ahmad Kiadaliri, A., Ahmadieh, H., Ahmed, M. B., Aichour, A. N., Aichour, I., Aichour, M. T. E., Aiyar, S., Akinyemi, R. O., Akseer, N., Al Lami, F. H., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alam, T., Alasfoor, D., Alene, K. A., Ali, R., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Allen, C., Al-Maskari, F., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Altirkawi, K. A., Amare, A. T., Amini, E., Ammar, W., Amoako, Y. A., Andersen, H. H., Antonio, C. A. T., Anwari, P., ÃrnlÃ¶v, J., Artaman, A., Aryal, K. K., Asayesh, H., Asgedom, S. W., Assadi, R., Atey, T. M., Atnafu, N. T., Atre, S. R., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Ayala Quintanilla, B. 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Abstract: Background As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. Methods We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57Â·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40Â·8-75Â·9 million [7Â·2%, 6Â·0-8Â·3]), 45Â·1 million (29Â·0-62Â·8 million [5Â·6%, 4Â·0-7Â·2]), 36Â·3 million (25Â·3-50Â·9 million [4Â·5%, 3Â·8-5Â·3]), 34Â·7 million (23Â·0-49Â·6 million [4Â·3%, 3Â·5-5Â·2]), and 34Â·1 million (23Â·5-46Â·0 million [4Â·2%, 3Â·2-5Â·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2Â·7% (95% UI 2Â·3-3Â·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the a
Published: 2017
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19. Changes in health in England, with analysis by English regions and areas of deprivation, 1990-2013 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Author: Newton, J. N., Briggs, A. D. M., Murray, C. J. L., Dicker, D., Foreman, K. J., Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Forouzanfar, M. H., Ohno, S. L., Barber, R. M., Vos, T., Stanaway, J. D., Schmidt, J. C., Hughes, A. J., Fay, D. F. J., Ecob, R., Gresser, C., McKee, M., Rutter, H., Abubakar, I., Ali, R., Anderson, H. R., Banerjee, A., Bennett, D. A., Bernabé, E., Bhui, K. S., Biryukov, S. M., Bourne, R. R., Brayne, C. E. G., Bruce, N. G., Brugha, T. S., Burch, M., Capewell, S., Casey, D., Chowdhury, R., Coates, M. M., Cooper, C., Critchley, J. A., Dargan, P. I., Dherani, M. K., Elliott, P., Ezzati, M., Fenton, K. A., Fraser, M. S., Fürst, T., Greaves, F., Green, M. A., Gunnell, D. J., Hannigan, B. M., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hemingway, H., Larson, H. J., Looker, K. J., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Marcenes, W., Mason-Jones, A. J., Matthews, F. E., Moller, H., Murdoch, M. E., Newton, C. R., Pearce, N., Piel, F. B., Pope, D., Rahimi, K., Rodriguez, Alina, Scarborough, P., Schumacher, A. E., Shiue, I., Smeeth, L., Tedstone, A., Valabhji, J., Williams, H. C., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woolf, A. D., Davis, A. C. J., Newton, J. N., Briggs, A. D. M., Murray, C. J. L., Dicker, D., Foreman, K. J., Wang, H., Naghavi, M., Forouzanfar, M. H., Ohno, S. L., Barber, R. M., Vos, T., Stanaway, J. D., Schmidt, J. C., Hughes, A. J., Fay, D. F. J., Ecob, R., Gresser, C., McKee, M., Rutter, H., Abubakar, I., Ali, R., Anderson, H. R., Banerjee, A., Bennett, D. A., Bernabé, E., Bhui, K. S., Biryukov, S. M., Bourne, R. R., Brayne, C. E. G., Bruce, N. G., Brugha, T. S., Burch, M., Capewell, S., Casey, D., Chowdhury, R., Coates, M. M., Cooper, C., Critchley, J. A., Dargan, P. I., Dherani, M. K., Elliott, P., Ezzati, M., Fenton, K. A., Fraser, M. S., Fürst, T., Greaves, F., Green, M. A., Gunnell, D. J., Hannigan, B. M., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hemingway, H., Larson, H. J., Looker, K. J., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Marcenes, W., Mason-Jones, A. J., Matthews, F. E., Moller, H., Murdoch, M. E., Newton, C. R., Pearce, N., Piel, F. B., Pope, D., Rahimi, K., Rodriguez, Alina, Scarborough, P., Schumacher, A. E., Shiue, I., Smeeth, L., Tedstone, A., Valabhji, J., Williams, H. C., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woolf, A. D., and Davis, A. C. J.
Abstract: Background In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), knowledge about health and its determinants has been integrated into a comparable framework to inform health policy. Outputs of this analysis are relevant to current policy questions in England and elsewhere, particularly on health inequalities. We use GBD 2013 data on mortality and causes of death, and disease and injury incidence and prevalence to analyse the burden of disease and injury in England as a whole, in English regions, and within each English region by deprivation quintile. We also assess disease and injury burden in England attributable to potentially preventable risk factors. England and the English regions are compared with the remaining constituent countries of the UK and with comparable countries in the European Union (EU) and beyond. Methods We extracted data from the GBD 2013 to compare mortality, causes of death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with a disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in England, the UK, and 18 other countries (the first 15 EU members [apart from the UK] and Australia, Canada, Norway, and the USA [EU15+]). We extended elements of the analysis to English regions, and subregional areas defined by deprivation quintile (deprivation areas). We used data split by the nine English regions (corresponding to the European boundaries of the Nomenclature for Territorial Statistics level 1 [NUTS 1] regions), and by quintile groups within each English region according to deprivation, thereby making 45 regional deprivation areas. Deprivation quintiles were defined by area of residence ranked at national level by Index of Multiple Deprivation score, 2010. Burden due to various risk factors is described for England using new GBD methodology to estimate independent and overlapping attributable risk for five tiers of behavioural, metabolic, and environmental risk factors. We present results for 306 causes and 2337 sequelae, and 79 risks or risk clu, Export Date: 21 December 2015 CODEN: LANCA Correspondence Address: Newton, J.N.; Public Health England, Wellington HouseUnited Kingdom; email: john.newton@phe.gov.uk References: Murray C.J.L., Richards M.A., Newton J.N., UK health performance: Findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2013) Lancet, 381, pp. 997-1020; Greer S.L., Devolution and divergence in UK health policies (2008) BMJ, 337, p. a2616; England N.H.S., (2014) Five Year Forward View, , http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/futurenhs/, (accessed Aug 24, 2015); Naghavi M., Wang H., Lozano R., Global, regional and national levels of age-specific mortality and 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (2015) Lancet, 385, pp. 117-171; Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disabilities for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (2015) Lancet, 386, pp. 743-800; Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 76 behavioural, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2013 (2015) Lancet, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2, published online Sept 11; Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: Quantifying the epidemiological transition (2015) Lancet, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X, published online Aug 27; Vos T., Flaxman A.D., Naghavi M., Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (2012) Lancet, 380, pp. 2163-2196; Murray C.J.L., Ezzati M., Flaxman A.D., GBD 2010: Design, definitions, and metrics (2012) Lancet, 380, p
Published: 2015
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20. Ethnicity and ocular imaging

Author: Bourne, R R A, primary
Published: 2010
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21. Can a community optometrist-based referral refinement scheme reduce false-positive glaucoma hospital referrals without compromising quality of care? The community and hospital allied network glaucoma evaluation scheme (CHANGES)

Author: Bourne, R R A, primary, French, K A, additional, Chang, L, additional, Borman, A D, additional, Hingorani, M, additional, and Newsom, W D, additional
Published: 2009
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22. Uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia: accommodating the unmet need

Author: Bourne, R. R A, primary
Published: 2007
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23. The prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy, associated risk factors and vision loss in patients registered with type 2 diabetes in Luganville, Vanuatu

Author: Smith, T. S T, primary, Szetu, J., additional, and Bourne, R. R A, additional
Published: 2006
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24. Evaluating a new logMAR chart designed to improve visual acuity assessment in population-based surveys

Author: Bourne, R R A, primary, Rosser, D A, additional, Sukudom, P, additional, Dineen, B, additional, Laidlaw, D A H, additional, Johnson, G J, additional, and Murdoch, I E, additional
Published: 2003
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25. Ethnicity and ocular imaging.

Author: Bourne RR and Bourne, R R A
Abstract: There exist ethnic differences in the prevalence of many ocular diseases. The ocular structures affected by these diseases can be imaged with devices that have increased in complexity over recent years. The purpose of this review is to explore what we mean by the term 'ethnicity' and what we know of ethnic differences in the structures of the eye that are commonly imaged. Finally, the implications of these ethnic differences are discussed in relation to the detection and monitoring of ocular disease that involves imaging instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2011
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26. Can a community optometrist-based referral refinement scheme reduce false-positive glaucoma hospital referrals without compromising quality of care? The community and hospital allied network glaucoma evaluation scheme (CHANGES).

Author: Bourne, R. R. A., French, K. A., Chang, L., Borman, A. D., Hingorani, M., and Newsom, W. D.
Subjects: *OPTOMETRISTS, *GLAUCOMA, *HOSPITALS, *OPTIC disc, *VISUAL fields
Abstract: Background/AimsTo describe the design, activity, and quality of the referral refinement phase of a novel glaucoma shared-care scheme.MethodsEight Optometrists with a Specialist Interest in glaucoma (OSI) were trained to perform a community-based comprehensive glaucoma evaluation of low-risk glaucoma hospital referrals (only one/none of the following factors noted for either eye: abnormal optic disc, abnormal visual field, abnormal intraocular pressure (IOP; 22–28 mmHg or IOP asymmetry)) using equipment standardized to that of the hospital glaucoma service.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-eight (27%) of a total of 512 glaucoma-related referrals were deemed ‘low risk’. Their choice of OSI discharged 40 (35%). The consultant agreed (virtually) with the decision to discharge with 28 (70%) and disagreed with 12 (30%). Comparing findings between OSI and consultant for 99 referred patients, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values for a suspicious optic disc were 78, 61, and 79%, respectively. For an IOP of >21 mmHg, they were 74, 85, and 90%, respectively. For an occludable anterior chamber angle (Van Herick's versus gonioscopy), they were 69, 88, and 94%, respectively.ConclusionThis referral refinement process can reduce numbers of false-positive referrals attending the hospital glaucoma service while retaining a relatively high level of examination quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2010
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27. Preschool immunisation rates in Moscow.

Author: Bourne, R R, Ivanov, V A, and McKenzie, S A
Subjects: *IMMUNIZATION
Published: 1994
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28. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and nearvision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the GlobalBurden of Disease Study

Author: Bourne, Rupert, Steinmetz, Jaimie, Flaxman, Seth, Briant, Paul Svitil, Taylor, Hugh, Resnikoff, Serge, Casson, Robert James, Abdoli, Amir, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Afshin, Ashkan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Akalu, Yonas, Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw, Alemayehu, Wondu, Alfaar, Ahmed Samir, Alipour, Vahid, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Androudi, Sofia, Arabloo, Jalal, Arditi, Aries, Asaad, Malke, Bagli, Eleni, Baig, Atif Amin, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Battaglia Parodi, Maurizio, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bottone, Michele, Braithwaite, Tasanee, Bron, Alain, Butt, Zahid, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria, Coelho, João, Dagnew, Baye, Dai, Xiaochen, Dana, Reza, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Del Monte, Monte, Deva, Jenny, Diaz, Daniel, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dreer, Laura, Ehrlich, Joshua, Ellwein, Leon, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Fernandes, Arthur, Fischer, Florian, Friedman, David, Furtado, João, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaidhane, Shilpa, Gazzard, Gus, Gebremichael, Berhe, George, Ronnie, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Golechha, Mahaveer, Hamidi, Samer, Hammond, Billy Randall, Hartnett, Mary Elizabeth R, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hay, Simon, Heidari, Golnaz, Ho, Hung Chak, Hoang, Chi Linh, Househ, Mowafa, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilic, Irena, Ilic, Milena, Ingram, April, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Kahloun, Rim, Kandel, Himal, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kempen, John, Keramati, Maryam, Khairallah, Moncef, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khanna, Rohit, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Kim, Judy, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Sezer, Kisa, Adnan, Koyanagi, Ai, Kurmi, Om, Lansingh, Van Charles, Leasher, Janet, Leveziel, Nicolas, Limburg, Hans, Majdan, Marek, Manafi, Navid, Mansouri, Kaweh, McAlinden, Colm, Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mokdad, Ali, Moosavi, Delaram, Morse, Alan, Naderi, Mehdi, Naidoo, Kovin, Nangia, Vinay, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Ogundimu, Kolawole, Olagunju, Andrew, Ostroff, Samuel, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peto, Tunde, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Ramulu, Pradeep, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Reinig, Nickolas, Robin, Alan, Rossetti, Luca, Safi, Sare, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Samy, Abdallah, Saxena, Deepak, Serle, Janet, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shen, Tueng, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Jae Il, Silva, Juan Carlos, Silvester, Alexander, Singh, Jasvinder, Singhal, Deepika, Sitorus, Rita, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skirbekk, Vegard, Soheili, Amin, Sousa, Raúl, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Stambolian, Dwight, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, Tadesse, Eyayou Girma, Tahhan, Nina, Tareque, Md Ismail, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Varma, Rohit, Virgili, Gianni, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ningli, West, Sheila, Wong, Tien, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, Jonas, Jost, Vos, Theo, Holden, Funding, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University of Washington [Seattle], Imperial College London, University of Melbourne, School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, University of Adelaide, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah (UoS), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, University of Gondar, Debre Markos University, The Fred Hollows Foundation, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Samara University, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Visibility Metrics LLC, University of Texas, University Hospital of Ioannina, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Government Medical College Pali, All India Institute of Medical Sciences [New Delhi], National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ufa Eye Research Institute, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Singapore Eye Research Institute [Singapore] (SERI), Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], University of Porto - Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territórioo (UP - DGAOT), Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Iran] (MOHME), University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, University of São Paulo (USP), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, University College of London [London] (UCL), Haramaya University (HU), Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, University of Georgia [USA], University of Utah, Institution of Public Health Sciences, Independent Consultant, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), University of Ibadan, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Faculty of Science of the University of Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Ophtalmologistes Associe Monastir, The University of Sydney, Bahir Dar University (BDU), Harvard University, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Health Services Academy, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin [Milwaukee] (MCW), Xiamen University, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Kristiania University College = Høyskolen Kristiania, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], HelpMeSee, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Health Information Services, Trnava University, University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Glaucoma Research Center, Singleton Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation [University of Washington], Iran University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran] (IUMS), Lighthouse Guild, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Suraj Eye Institute, Duy Tan University, Sightsavers, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Maharishi Markandeshwar University [Mullana] (MM(DU)), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Public Health England [London], Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg., Bourne, R. R. A., Steinmetz, J. D., Flaxman, S., Briant, P. S., Taylor, H. R., Resnikoff, S., Casson, R. J., Abdoli, A., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Afshin, A., Ahmadieh, H., Akalu, Y., Alamneh, A. A., Alemayehu, W., Alfaar, A. S., Alipour, V., Anbesu, E. W., Androudi, S., Arabloo, J., Arditi, A., Asaad, M., Bagli, E., Baig, A. A., Barnighausen, T. W., Battaglia Parodi, M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, M., Bottone, M., Braithwaite, T., Bron, A. M., Butt, Z. A., Cheng, C. -Y., Chu, D. -T., Cicinelli, M. V., Coelho, J. M., Dagnew, B., Dai, X., Dana, R., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Del Monte, M. A., Deva, J. P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dreer, L. E., Ehrlich, J. R., Ellwein, L. B., Emamian, M. H., Fernandes, A. G., Fischer, F., Friedman, D. S., Furtado, J. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gaidhane, S., Gazzard, G., Gebremichael, B., George, R., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Hamidi, S., Hammond, B. R., Hartnett, M. E. R., Hartono, R. K., Hay, S. I., Heidari, G., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Househ, M., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Ingram, A. D., Irvani, S. S. N., Jha, R. P., Kahloun, R., Kandel, H., Kasa, A. S., Kempen, J. H., Keramati, M., Khairallah, M., Khan, E. A., Khanna, R. C., Khatib, M. N., Kim, J. E., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kurmi, O. P., Lansingh, V. C., Leasher, J. L., Leveziel, N., Limburg, H., Majdan, M., Manafi, N., Mansouri, K., Mcalinden, C., Mohammadi, S. F., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mokdad, A. H., Moosavi, D., Morse, A. R., Naderi, M., Naidoo, K. S., Nangia, V., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Ogundimu, K., Olagunju, A. T., Ostroff, S. M., Panda-Jones, S., Pesudovs, K., Peto, T., Syed, Z. Q., Ur Rahman, M. H., Ramulu, P. Y., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reinig, N., Robin, A. L., Rossetti, L., Safi, S., Sahebkar, A., Samy, A. M., Saxena, D., Serle, J. B., Shaikh, M. A., Shen, T. T., Shibuya, K., Shin, J. I., Silva, J. C., Silvester, A., Singh, J. A., Singhal, D., Sitorus, R. S., Skiadaresi, E., Skirbekk, V., Soheili, A., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Spurlock, E. E., Stambolian, D., Taddele, B. W., Tadesse, E. G., Tahhan, N., Tareque, Md. I., Topouzis, F., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R. S., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Varma, R., Virgili, G., Wang, N., Wang, Y. X., West, S. K., Wong, T. Y., Zaidi, Z., Zewdie, K. A., Jonas, J. B., and Vos, T.
Subjects: Visual acuity, genetic structures, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Visual impairment, Glaucoma, Blindness, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, education, Eye diseases, Medicine(all), Near vision impairments, education.field_of_study, business.industry, General Medicine, Presbyopia, Systematic reviews, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract: Background: To contribute to the WHO initiative, VISION 2020: The Right to Sight, an assessment of global vision impairment in 2020 and temporal change is needed. We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990–2020, and forecasts for 2050. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. Only studies with samples representative of the population and with clearly defined visual acuity testing protocols were included. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate 2020 prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of mild vision impairment (presenting visual acuity ≥6/18 and
Published: 2020
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29. Global Estimates on the Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-analysis From 1990 to 2010

Author: Holly Price, Rupert R A Bourne, Jost B. Jonas, Janet L Leasher, Konrad Pesudovs, Richard A. White, Seth Flaxman, Hugh R. Taylor, Jill E Keeffe, Kovin Naidoo, Serge Resnikoff, Tien Yin Wong, Leasher, J. L., Bourne, R. R. A., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Keeffe, J., Naidoo, K., Pesudovs, K., Price, H., White, R. A., Wong, T. Y., Resnikoff, S., Taylor H. R., Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and Battaglia Parodi, M
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Visual acuity, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Visual impairment, Population, Vision Disorders, Visual Acuity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Disease, Audiology, Blindness, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Prevalence, Internal Medicine, medicine, Global health, Humans, education, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, education.field_of_study, Diabetic Retinopathy, Australasia, business.industry, Vision Disorder, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Blindne, Europe, Meta-analysis, Africa, North America, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, medicine.symptom, business, Visually Impaired Persons, Human, Demography
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To estimate global and regional trends from 1990 to 2010 of the prevalence and number of persons visually impaired specifically by diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a complication of the precipitous trends in global diabetes, is fundamental for health planning purposes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The meta-analysis of published population studies from 1990 to 2012 for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD) yielded estimated global regional trends in DR among other causes of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity RESULTS Globally in 2010, out of overall 32.4 million blind and 191 million visually impaired people, 0.8 million were blind and 3.7 million were visually impaired because of DR, with an alarming increase of 27% and 64%, respectively, spanning the two decades from 1990 to 2010. DR accounted for 2.6% of all blindness in 2010 and 1.9% of all MSVI worldwide, increasing from 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively, in 1990. These figures were lower in regions with younger populations (4%). CONCLUSIONS The number of persons with visual impairment due to DR worldwide is rising and represents an increasing proportion of all blindness/MSVI causes. Age-standardized prevalence of DR-related blindness/MSVI was higher in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. One out of 39 blind people had blindness due to DR, and 1 out of 52 visually impaired people had visual impairment due to DR.
Published: 2016
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30. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in South-east Asia and Oceania in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

Author: Hugh R. Taylor, Rupert R A Bourne, Aditi Das, Robert J Casson, Nina Tahhan, Gretchen A Stevens, Serge Resnikoff, Kovin Naidoo, Jost B. Jonas, Seth Flaxman, Alexander J Silvester, Hans Limburg, Konrad Pesudovs, Tien Yin Wong, John H. Kempen, Janet L Leasher, Jill E Keeffe, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Keeffe, J. E., Casson, R. J., Pesudovs, K., Taylor, H. R., Cicinelli, M. V., Das, A., Flaxman, S. R., Jonas, J. B., Kempen, J. H., Leasher, J., Limburg, H., Naidoo, K., Silvester, A. J., Stevens, G. A., Tahhan, N., Wong, T. Y., Resnikoff, S., Bourne, R. R. A., on beahlf of Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease, Study, and Battaglia Parodi, M
Subjects: Refractive error, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, vision loss expert group, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Blindness, 0302 clinical medicine, PRESBYOPIA, WORLDWIDE, Prevalence, POPULATION, Asia, Southeastern, education.field_of_study, GLOBAL PREVALENCE, Sensory Systems, 1113 Opthalmology and Optometry, Blindne, Trachoma, global burden of disease study, epidemiology, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, Visual impairment, Population, Oceania, Cataract, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, medicine, vision impairment, Humans, VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, education, Science & Technology, business.industry, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Presbyopia, ADULTS, Macular degeneration, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, REFRACTIVE ERROR, DISTANCE, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: BackgroundTo assess prevalence and causes of vision impairment in South-east Asia and Oceania regions from 1990 to 2015 and to forecast the figures for 2020.MethodsBased on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity (PVA) N5 or N8 in the presence of normal vision) were estimated for 1990, 2010, 2015 and 2020.ResultsThe age-standardised prevalence of blindness for all ages and both genders was higher in the Oceania region but lower for MSVI when comparing the subregions. The prevalence of near vision impairment in people≥50 years was 41% (uncertainty interval (UI) 18.8 to 65.9). Comparison of the data for 2015 with 2020 predicts a small increase in the numbers of people affected by blindness, MSVI and mild VI in both subregions. The numbers predicted for near VI in South-east Asia are from 90.68 million in 2015 to 102.88 million in 2020. The main causes of blindness and MSVI in both subregions in 2015 were cataract, uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, corneal disease and age-related macular degeneration. There was no trachoma in Oceania from 1990 and decreasing prevalence in South-east Asia with elimination predicted by 2020.ConclusionsIn both regions, the main challenges for eye care come from cataract which remains the main cause of blindness with uncorrected refractive error the main cause of MSVI. The trend between 1990 and 2015 is for a lower prevalence of blindness and MSVI in both regions.
Published: 2018

31. Spontaneous foreign body extrusion following perforating eye injury.

Author: Bourne RR, Parulekar M, Bacon AS, and MacLaren RE
Subjects: Adult, Cataract etiology, Cataract Extraction, Eye Foreign Bodies complications, Eye Foreign Bodies diagnostic imaging, Eye Injuries, Penetrating complications, Eye Injuries, Penetrating diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Radiography, Wounds, Gunshot diagnostic imaging, Eye Foreign Bodies surgery, Eye Injuries, Penetrating surgery, Wounds, Gunshot surgery
Abstract: A structured approach to the management of a perforating ballistic eye injury is illustrated in this case, where initial treatment was limited to simple corneal wound closure and antibiotic prophylaxis. A pellet had passed completely through the globe but the retina remained attached, and it was decided to manage the case conservatively. Two retained foreign bodies were extruded spontaneously some months after the injury when suture removal and delayed cataract surgery led to a virtually perfect visual outcome. The patient has had no further complications at least three years after initial injury. The management of this civilian case illustrates some basic concepts in treating ballistic eye injuries that may be applicable in a military setting.
Published: 2002
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31 results on '"Bourne, R. R. A."'

1. The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

2. The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

3. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

4. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in East Asia in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

5. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Southeast Asia and Oceania: 1990–2010

6. The morphology of the optic nerve head in the Singaporean Chinese population (the Tanjong Pagar study): part 1—optic nerve head morphology

7. The morphology of the optic nerve head in the Singaporean Chinese population (the Tanjong Pagar study): part 2—biometric and systemic associations

8. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in Pakistan. The Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey

9. Worldwide glaucoma through the looking glass

10. Anterior chamber depth measurement by optical pachymetry: systematic difference using the Haag-Streit attachments

11. Prevalence of glaucoma in Thailand: a population based survey in Rom Klao District, Bangkok

12. Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Bangladeshi adults: results of the National Blindness and Low Vision Survey of Bangladesh

13. Outcomes of cataract surgery in Bangladesh: results from a population based nationwide survey

14. Intracranial plasmacytoma masquerading as Gradenigo's syndrome

15. Epidemic optic neuropathy in primary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

16. Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Glaucoma Worldwide and in World Regions 1990 - 2010: A Meta-Analysis

17. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

18. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

19. Changes in health in England, with analysis by English regions and areas of deprivation, 1990-2013 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

20. Ethnicity and ocular imaging

21. Can a community optometrist-based referral refinement scheme reduce false-positive glaucoma hospital referrals without compromising quality of care? The community and hospital allied network glaucoma evaluation scheme (CHANGES)

22. Uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia: accommodating the unmet need

23. The prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy, associated risk factors and vision loss in patients registered with type 2 diabetes in Luganville, Vanuatu

24. Evaluating a new logMAR chart designed to improve visual acuity assessment in population-based surveys

25. Ethnicity and ocular imaging.

26. Can a community optometrist-based referral refinement scheme reduce false-positive glaucoma hospital referrals without compromising quality of care? The community and hospital allied network glaucoma evaluation scheme (CHANGES).

27. Preschool immunisation rates in Moscow.

28. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and nearvision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the GlobalBurden of Disease Study

29. Global Estimates on the Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-analysis From 1990 to 2010

30. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in South-east Asia and Oceania in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections

31. Spontaneous foreign body extrusion following perforating eye injury.

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