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Hypoxia is a condition frequently encountered by cells in tissues, whether as a normal feature of their microenvironment or subsequent to deregulated growth. Hypoxia can lead to acidification and increased oxidative stress, with profound consequences for cell physiology and tumorigenesis. Therefore, the interplay between hypoxia and oxidative stress is an important aspect for understanding the effects of hypoxic microenvironments on cells. We have used a previously developed variant of the method of coverslip-induced hypoxia to study the process of acidification in a hypoxic microenvironment and to simultaneously visualize intracellular levels of hypoxia and oxidative stress. We observed high accumulation of CO2 in hypoxic conditions, which we show is the main contributor to acidification in our model. Also, increased levels of oxidative stress were observed in moderately hypoxic cells close to the oxygen source, where the mitochondrial membrane potential was preserved. Conversely, cells at large distances from the oxygen source showed higher levels of hypoxia, milder oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results contribute to characterize the interplay between reduced oxygen levels, acidification and oxidative stress in a simple in vitro setting, which can be used to model cell responses to an altered environment, such as the early tumor microenvironment.

La periodontitis es una de las enfermedades bucales de mayor prevalencia, el estudio de su patogénesis ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años, sin embargo, los detalles de los mecanismos involucrados en la reabsorción ósea no están aún esclarecidos. RANK, RANKL y OPG son proteínas que tienen un rol conocido en otras enfermedades del tejido óseo, en este trabajo se revisó la evidencia sobre su posible participación en la patogenia de la enfermedad periodontal. Es necesaria más evidencia para conocer la relación entre RANK, RANKL, OPG y la reabsorción ósea vinculada a la periodontitis.

La formación de nuevas células se genera a partir de células preexistentes a través de una serie ordenada de eventos denominada ciclo celular. El control de este es fundamental para la integridad del genoma, por lo que hay múltiples proteínas regulando este proceso. Actualmente, se conoce que el complejo Mantenimiento de Minicromosoma (MCM2-7) tiene un rol esencial en la replicación del ADN, específicamente involucrado en la proliferación, durante el ciclo celular. La identificación inmunohistoquimica de las proteínas de este complejo a nivel tisular, podría ser una herramienta muy útil, para usarlos como biomarcadores y así comprender uno de los mecanismos biológicos que se ven afectados en el cáncer. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión del complejo MCM2-7, ya que estas proteínas como se ha descrito, podrían comportarse como buenos marcadores biológicos de proliferación celular, y así poder realizar un buen diagnóstico, pronóstico y futuros blancos terapéuticos de aquellas lesiones principalmente neoplásicas, principalmente las que asientan a nivel de la mucosa bucal. New cells are formed from preexisting cells through an ordered series of events called cell cycle. As the control of this cycle is fundamental for genome integrity, multiple proteins regulate this process. We currently know that the Minichromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) complex has a major role in DNA replication in the cell cycle, in particular regarding proliferation. The immunohistochemical identification of the proteins in this complex on tissues may be useful, as they could be used as biomarkers and would help us understand one of the biological mechanisms affected in cancer processes. Our aim is to collect the existing evidence regarding the members of the MCM2-7 complex, since these proteins could be effective biological cell proliferation markers, which would help practitioners make accurate diagnosis, prognosis and future therapeutic targets of lesions that are mainly neoplastic, especially in the buccal mucosa.

Epidemiology of Covid‐19 and diffusion patterns of the novel coronavirus (SARS – CoV – 2) are still poorly understood, as they differ substantially among countries and even in neighboring regions within the same country. It is not clear if differences in viral spreading depends on population age, genetic influences, specific environmental factors (e.g. season of the year), socioeconomic conditions or a combination of these. Some Authors hypothesized that differences in models of SARS – CoV – 2 diffusion may be explained also on the basis of ethnic influences (Pareek, Bangash, Pareek, Pan, Sze, Minhas, Hanif, Khunti, 2020). Under such perspective, it seems rational to compare the Italian experience to that of Uruguay.

Oral granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare, benign lesion that can easily be misdiagnosed. Particularly, the presence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia might, in some cases, lead to the hypothesis of squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Recurrence has been reported in up to 15% of cases treated with conventional surgery. Here, we reported a case of GCT of the tongue in a young female patient, which was successfully treated through 445 nm diode laser excision. Laser surgery might reduce bleeding and postoperative pain and may be associated with more rapid healing. Particularly, the vaporization effect on remnant tissues could eliminate GCT cells on the surgical bed, thus hypothetically leading to a lower rate of recurrence. In the present case, complete healing occurred in 1 week, and no recurrence was observed after 6 months. Laser surgery also allows the possibility to obtain second intention healing. Possible laser-induced histopathological artifacts should be carefully considered.

Resumen: Con el fin de tener una mayor comprensión sobre el comportamiento biológico del mixoma odontogénico (MO), se realizó inmunohistoquímica en 31 muestras, utilizando marcadores relacionados con mecanismos de progresión tumoral (adhesión, angiogénesis, apoptosis, inflamación y proliferación celular). Epitelio odontogénico fue detectado en cuatro muestras mediante CK19 y CD138, este último, mostró expresión baja en matriz extracelular (MEC) y alta en las células tumorales. La microdensidad vascular (MDV) media fue de 7.51 y 5.35 vasos marcados con CD34 y VEGF-A respectivamente. Una alta expresión de Orosomucoide-1 y Mast Cell Tryptase se observó células tumorales y en MEC. El MO mostró negatividad para Calretinina. Este perfil inmunohistoquímico, la baja expresión para Ki-67, Bcl-2 y p53, y la relativamente baja MDV, sugieren que la actividad proliferativa, anti-apoptótica o angiogénica no representan los principales mecanismos de crecimiento del MO, los cuales podrían estar asociados a eventos como inmunomodulación y degradación de la MEC. Resumo: Para melhor compreensão do comportamento biológico do mixoma odontogênico (MO), imuno-histoquímica foi realizada em 31 amostras, utilizando marcadores relacionados aos mecanismos de progressão tumoral (adesão, angiogênese, apoptose, inflamação e proliferação celular). Epitélio odontogênico foi detectado em quatro amostras por CK19 e CD138, o último mostrou baixa expressão na matriz extracelular (MEC) e alta em células tumorais. A microdensidade vascular (MDV) média foi de 7.51 e 5.35 vasos marcados com CD34 e VEGF-A, respectivamente. Uma alta expressão de Orosomucoide-1 e Mast Cell Tryptase foi observada nas células tumorais e na MEC. O MO mostrou negatividade para Calretinina. O perfil imuno-histoquímico mencionado acima, a baixa expressão de Ki-67, Bcl-2 e p53 e a relativamente baixa MDV, sugerem que a atividade proliferativa, anti-apoptótica ou angiogênica não representam os principais mecanismos de crescimento do MO, os quais poderiam estar associados com eventos como imunomodulação e degradação da MEC. Abstract: In order to elucidate better the biological behavior of the odontogenic myxoma (OM), immunohistochemistry was performed in 31 samples, using markers related to mechanisms of tumor progression (adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation and cell proliferation). Odontogenic epithelium was detected in four samples with CK19 and CD138, the latter had a low-expression in extracellular matrix (ECM) and a high-expression in tumor cells. The mean microvascular density (MVD) assessed with CD34 and VEGF-A, was 7.51 and 5.35 blood vessels respectively. A high-expression of Orosomucoid-1 and Mast Cell Tryptase was observed in tumor cells and ECM, while Calretinin was completely negative. The previously mentioned immunohistochemical profile, as well as the low expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and p53 and the relatively low MVD, suggests that the proliferative, anti-apoptotic and angiogenic activities do not represent the main growing mechanisms of OM, which could be associated to other events, such as immunomodulation and ECM degradation.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of inorganic arsenic (As) in the potable water available to the population to be able to estimate the non-carcinogenic risks for underweight children and the carcinogenic risk for adults exposed to As intake who live in the Mezquital municipality, Durango, Mexico. Methods: The As content was quantifed in the water supply sources for human use and its intake was estimated in Mezquital population, southern Durango. With the data obtained, the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to determine the non-carcinogenic risk to develop chronic systemic effects in underweight children. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference health values estimating As exposure risk are from 0.0003 mg/kg/day (non-carcinogenic) to 1.5 mg/kg/day (carcinogenic risk). Results: The analyzed waters presented as concentrations that varied from 0.3 to 10.2 &micro, g/L, with a mean of 7.35 &micro, g/L (CI 95% 6.27&ndash, 8.38). The exposure dose was 0.4 to 1.36, and the HQ was 1.90 to 6.48 mg/kg/day, the estimated carcinogenic risk from adults varied from 1.28 to 4.37E&minus, 4, with values of 3.74&ndash, 4.37E&minus, 4 mg/kg/day in central area. Conclusions: The children are at risk to develop chronic systemic effects due to ingestion of As from water.

Background The primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a recently described benign entity with histopathological and immunohistochemical features suggesting its origin during early odontogenesis. Aim: To integrate the available data published on POT into a comprehensive analysis to better define its clinicopathological and molecular features. Material and Methods An electronic systematic review was performed up to September 2019 in multiple databases. Results A total of 13 publications were included, representing 16 reported cases and 3 molecular studies. The mean age of the affected patients was 11.6 years (range 2-19), with a slight predominance in males (56.25%). The posterior mandible was the main location (87.5%), with only two cases affecting the posterior maxilla. All cases appeared as a radiolucent lesion in close relationship to an unerupted tooth. Recurrences have not been reported to date. Microscopically, POT comprises fibromyxoid tissue with variable cellularity surrounded by a cuboidal to columnar odontogenic epithelium but without unequivocal dental hard tissue formation. A delicate fibrous capsule surrounds (at least partially) the tumor. The epithelial component shows immunohistochemical positivity for amelogenin, CK19, and CK14, and variable expression of Glut-1, Galectin-3 and Caveolin-1, Vimentin, p-53, PITX2, Bcl-2, Bax and Survivin; the mesenchymal tissue is positive for Vimentin, CD90, p-53, PITX2, Bcl-2, Bax, and Survivin, and the subepithelial region exhibits the strong expression of Syndecan-1 and CD34. The Ki-67 index is low (

Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la expresión de diversos biomarcadores moleculares en liquen plano oral para ayudar a comprender su conducta biológica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio inmunohistoquímico en 40 casos de liquen plano oral contra BAX, BCL-2, CD-138, Histona 3, Ki-67, MCM3 y p53, en el Área de Patología Molecular Estomatológica de la Facultad de Odontología, UDELAR, Uruguay. Resultados: Se observó mayor expresión de BAX en contraposición con BCL-2, sugiriendo un comportamiento proapoptótico, respaldado a su vez por la ausencia de expresión de p53. La expresión de los marcadores de proliferación celular fue en todo el tejido lesional observado, sugiriendo así alteraciones de la proliferación. CD-138 se expresó de manera intensa y uniforme, determinando una baja alteración de las uniones intercelulares para estos casos. Conclusiones: La alteración en la expresión de las proteínas estudiadas sugiere un trastorno en los mecanismos proliferativos y apoptóticos, los cuales se asocian con una conducta patológica de la mucosa oral. Abstract: This study aims to establish an association of the expression of specific biomarkers in oral lichen planus to understand its biological behavior. Materials and methods: An immunohistochemistry study was conducted in 40 cases of oral lichen planus against BAX, BCL-2, CD-138, Histone 3, Ki-67, MCM3 and p53 at the Molecular Pathology Area of the School of Dentistry, UDELAR, Uruguay. Results: A greater expression of BAX was detected compared to BCL-2, suggesting a pro‑apoptotic behavior, supported by the absence of p53 expression. MCM3 expression was more sensitive than Ki-67, considering proliferation alterations. CD-138 had a more intense and uniform expression, determining fewer intercellular adhesion alterations. Conclusions The expression of the proteins studied suggests an alteration in proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms, associated with a pathological behavior of the oral mucosa.

Aims The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dexamethasone on the trismus, postsurgical pain, facial swelling, as well as the analgesic consumption after third molar surgery. Material and Methods The reports were identified in the most important medical databases. Those studies that met the requirements were fully assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of each report was evaluated with the Oxford Quality Scale and using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Each meta-analysis was done using the technique of mean difference and 95% confidence intervals employing a random effects model with the Review Manager 5.3., from the Cochrane Library. Significant statistical difference was accepted when the p value was less than 0.05 on the test of overall effect (Z value). Results Qualitative evaluation was done using the data of 330 patients extracted from seven articles and the quantitative assessment with data of 200 patients from three reports. It was not observed difference among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dexamethasone in any of the clinical effectiveness indicators. Conclusion The outcomes of our meta-analysis indicate that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and dexamethasone have good therapeutic effect for the management of inflammatory complications following to third molar surgery.

Background Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a benign intraosseous neoplasm that exhibits local aggressiveness and high recurrence rates. Osteoclastogenesis is an important phenomenon in the tumor growth of maxillary neoplasms. RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κappa B) is the signaling receptor of RANK-L (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand) that activates the osteoclasts. OPG (osteoprotegerin) is a decoy receptor for RANK-L that inhibits pro-osteoclastogenesis. The RANK / RANKL / OPG system participates in the regulation of osteolytic activity under normal conditions, and its alteration has been associated with greater bone destruction, and also with tumor growth. Objectives To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of OPG, RANK and RANK-L proteins in odontogenic myxomas (OMs) and their relationship with the tumor size. Material and Methods Eighteen OMs, 4 small ( 3cm) and 18 dental follicles (DF) that were included as control were studied by means of standard immunohistochemical procedure with RANK, RANKL and OPG antibodies. For the evaluation, 5 fields (40x) of representative areas of OM and DF were selected where the expression of each antibody was determined. Descriptive and comparative statistical analyses were performed with the obtained data. Results There are significant differences in the expression of RANK in OM samples as compared to DF (p = 0.022) and among the OMSs and OMLs (p = 0.032). Also a strong association is recognized in the expression of RANK-L and OPG in OM samples. Conclusions Activation of the RANK / RANK-L / OPG triad seems to be involved in the mechanisms of bone balance and destruction, as well as associated with tumor growth in odontogenic myxomas. Key words:Odontogenic myxoma, dental follicle, RANK, RANK-L, OPG, osteoclastogenesis.

Background Low protein expression of E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been associated with clinical and histopathological traits such as metastases, recurrence, low survival and poor tumor differentiation, and it is considered a high-risk marker of malignancy. However, it is still unknown whether low expression of E-cadherin is also present at the mRNA level in OSCC cases. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare E-cadherin mRNA expression in OSCC patients and controls and to correlate the expression with clinical and prospective characteristics. Material and Methods Forty patients and 40 controls were enrolled. E-cadherin mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Results E-cadherin mRNA expression was significantly decreased in OSCC patients compared to that of controls (p

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la expresión de MCM4-5-6 en gérmenes dentarios humanos en estado de campana. Materiales y Métodos Se obtuvieron preparados histológicos de 4 maxilares fetales incluidos en parafina en el archivo de bloques de la cátedra de Histología de la Facultad de Odontología, UdelaR. Se procedió al corte de los mismos en secciones para técnica de rutina (HE) y de IHQ para MCM 4, 5 y 6. Resultados: Las diferentes regiones del órgano del esmalte mostraron 100 % de positividad en el estrato intermedio, una variación de 100 % a 0 % en el epitelio interno del órgano del esmalte, desde el sector cervical al sector incisal del mismo, y0% tanto en el retículo estrellado como en el epitelio externo del órgano del esmalte. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos permitieron evidenciar y confirmar la acción proliferativa de las diferentes zonas del órgano del esmalte. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the expression of MCM4-5-6 in human tooth germs in the bell stage. Materials and methods: Histological samples were collected from four fetal maxillae placed in paraffin at the block archive of the Histology Department of the School of Dentistry, UdelaR. Sections were made for HE routine technique and for immunohistochemistry technique for MCM4-5-6. Results: Different regions of the enamel organ showed 100% positivity in the intermediate layer, a variation from 100% to 0% in the inner epithelium from the cervical loop to the incisal area, and 0% in the stellar reticulum as well as the outer epithelium. Conclusions: The results show and confirm the proliferative action of the different areas of the enamel organ.

Background Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, while ameloblastic carcinoma is its malignant counterpart. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in malignancies have been correlated with higher aggressiveness and poor prognosis, as well as greater expression of podoplanin by tumoral cells. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of podoplanin, CD34, and CD105 (endoglin) was evaluated in 53 ameloblastomas and three ameloblastic carcinomas; additionally, immunohistochemistry for podoplanin was also performed in 10 tooth germs. Microvessel density of blood and lymphatic vessels was calculated and compared between ameloblastomas and ameloblastic carcinomas. Immunoexpression of podoplanin by ameloblastic cells was evaluated in tooth germs, ameloblastomas, and ameloblastic carcinomas. Results Podoplanin was similarly expressed by odontogenic epithelial cells of tooth germs and ameloblastomas, while its expression was lower in ameloblastic carcinomas. There was no difference in microvessel density assessed by CD34 between ameloblastomas and ameloblastic carcinomas; nevertheless, the latter presented higher amounts of lymphatic and new formed blood vessels. Conclusions Results suggest that podoplanin does not seem to be involved in invasion mechanisms of ameloblastic carcinomas, as its expression was decreased in the malignant tumoral cells. On the other hand, the increased lymphatic microvessel density and neoangiogenesis found in ameloblastic carcinomas could be related to its aggressiveness and potential for metastasis.

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a group of developmental disorders of the dental enamel that is mainly associated with mutations in the AMELX gene. Clinically, it presents different phenotypes that affect the structure and function of dental enamel both in primary and secondary dentition. The purpose of this study was to conduct a literature review on the AMELX functions and mutations that are related to amelogenesis imperfecta. A literature search was carried out in two databases: PubMed and Web of Science, using the keywords "AMELX", "amelogenin", "amelogenesis imperfecta" and "AMELX mutation". Forty articles were reviewed, with AMELX being found to be the predominant gene in the development of dental enamel and amelogenesis imperfecta by altering the structure of amelogenin. In the past few years, the characteristics of the amelogenesis imperfecta process have been described with different phenotypes of hypoplastic or hypo-mineralized enamel, and different mutations have been reported, by means of which the gene sequencing and the position of mutations have been determined.La amelogénesis imperfecta es un grupo de trastornos de desarrollo del esmalte dental asociados principalmente con mutaciones en el gen AMELX. Clínicamente presenta diferentes fenotipos que afectan la estructura y función del esmalte, tanto de la dentición primaria como secundaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica de las funciones y mutaciones de AMELX relacionadas con amelogénesis imperfecta. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en dos bases de datos: PubMed y Web of Science, usando las palabras clave “AMELX”, “amelogenina”, “amelogénesis imperfecta” y “mutación de AMELX”. Fueron revisados 40 artículos y se encontró que AMELX es el gen predominante en el desarrollo del esmalte dental y de la amelogénesis imperfecta, alterando la estructura de la amelogenina. En los últimos años se han descrito las características en el proceso de amelogénesis imperfecta con diferentes fenotipos de esmalte hipoplásico o hipomineralizado y se han reportado diferentes mutaciones, con lo que se ha determinado la secuenciación del gen y las posiciones de las mutaciones.

Background: Presence of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) might suggest that ameloblastomas recapitulate features of the enamel epithelium and induce bone resorption, which would facilitate their growth and local invasion. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of PTHrP in ameloblastomas. Material and Methods: An observational research study was designed including 39 cases of histologically diagnosed ameloblastomas (39 out of 42 patients gave consent for the use of their medical records and all data required for this study). Gender, age, tumor location, histological type and subtype of the tumor were recorded and PTHrP expression was determined by indirect immunohistochemistry using monoclonal anti-human PTHrP (1D1 / Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Protein expression and intensity were evaluated under light microscope and finally data recorded and statistically analyzed. This research was approved by the Caracas West General Hospital review board. Results: 39 cases of ameloblastomas were evenly distributed between genders (49% male and 51% female) with a mean age of 33 ± 3.53 years, mainly affecting the posterior mandible. 20 cases (51.28%) showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to PTHrP. 8 out of 15 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas and 12 out of 23 cases of unicystic ameloblastomas were PTHrP positive. Intense expression of PTHrP was observed in 4 unicystic ameloblastomas (all luminal subtype) and in 5 cases of conventional ameloblastomas. Conclusions: In the present study PTHrP expression in solid multicystic and unicystic ameloblastoma suggests its possible function in the biological behavior of the tumor. More studies are needed in order to determine the possible role of this protein related to bone invasion processes.

Ameloblastomas are a group of benign, locally aggressive, recurrent tumors characterized by their slow and infiltrative growth. E-Cadherin and syndecan-1 are cell adhesion molecules related to the behavior of various tumors, including ameloblastomas. Ninety-nine ameloblastoma samples were studied; the expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. E-Cadherin and epithelial syndecan-1 were more highly expressed in intraluminal/luminal unicystic ameloblastoma than in mural unicystic ameloblastoma and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, whereas the stromal expression of syndecan-1 was higher in mural unicystic ameloblastoma and solid/multicystic ameloblastoma. Synchronicity was observed between E-cadherin and epithelial syndecan-1; the expression was correlated with intensity in all cases. There was a strong association between expression and tumor size and recurrence. The evaluation of the expression of E-cadherin and syndecan-1 are important for determining the potential aggressiveness of ameloblastoma variants. Future studies are required to understand how the expression of these markers is related to tumor aggressiveness.

Introduction. Solid/conventional ameloblastoma (AM) and unicystic ameloblastoma (UAM) are the most frequent benign epithelial odontogenic tumors located in the maxillary region, and their treatment usually consists of extensive surgical resection. Therefore, it is relevant to study molecular markers to better understand the biological behavior of these tumors. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the expression of proteins related to cellular proliferation: Ki-67 and MCM4-6 complex. Materials and Methods. An immunohistochemistry technique was performed, with antibodies against Ki-67, MCM4, MCM5, and MCM6, in 10 AM and 10 UAM tumors. The results were quantified using label index and analyzed statistically. Results. AM and UAM had greater expression of MCM6, followed by MCM5, MCM4, and Ki-67 ( P < .05). Immunoexpression of Ki-67 and MCM5 was exclusively nuclear, whereas the expression of MCM4 and MCM6 was nuclear and cytoplasmic. Conclusion. The results suggest that MCM5 is a trustable cell proliferation marker with higher sensitivity compared with Ki-67 and may be useful to predict the biological behavior of AM and UAM. Despite this, further studies are necessary, including a correlation with clinical parameters to confirm these findings.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of the concentration of soluble salivary E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) compared with the clinical value of the resence of membranous E-cadherin (mE-cadherin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues. Material and Methods: Data regarding patient demographics, clinical stage, saliva and tumor tissue samples were collected. The saliva was analyzed for sE-cadherin protein levels and was compared to the mE-cadherin immunohistochemical expression levels in tumor tissues, which were assessed via the HercepTest® method. Patients without cancer were included in the study as a control group for comparisons of the sE-cadherin levels. Results: sE-cadherin levels in the saliva of patients without cancer were lower than those in patients with cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.031). Low mE-cadherin xpression was statistically significantly associated with lymph node positivity (p=0.015) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.001). The inverse relationship between mE-cadherin and sE-cadherin was significant in terms of lymph node positivity (p=0.014) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.037). Background: The objective of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of the concentration of soluble salivary E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) compared with the clinical value of the resence of membranous E-cadherin (mE-cadherin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues. Material and Methods: Data regarding patient demographics, clinical stage, saliva and tumor tissue samples were collected. The saliva was analyzed for sE-cadherin protein levels and was compared to the mE-cadherin immunohistochemical expression levels in tumor tissues, which were assessed via the HercepTest® method. Patients without cancer were included in the study as a control group for comparisons of the sE-cadherin levels. Results: sE-cadherin levels in the saliva of patients without cancer were lower than those in patients with cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.031). Low mE-cadherin xpression was statistically significantly associated with lymph node positivity (p=0.015) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.001). The inverse relationship between mE-cadherin and sE-cadherin was significant in terms of lymph node positivity (p=0.014) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.037). Background: The objective of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of the concentration of soluble salivary E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) compared with the clinical value of the resence of membranous E-cadherin (mE-cadherin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues. Material and Methods: Data regarding patient demographics, clinical stage, saliva and tumor tissue samples were collected. The saliva was analyzed for sE-cadherin protein levels and was compared to the mE-cadherin immunohistochemical expression levels in tumor tissues, which were assessed via the HercepTest® method. Patients without cancer were included in the study as a control group for comparisons of the sE-cadherin levels. Results: sE-cadherin levels in the saliva of patients without cancer were lower than those in patients with cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.031). Low mE-cadherin xpression was statistically significantly associated with lymph node positivity (p=0.015) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.001). The inverse relationship between mE-cadherin and sE-cadherin was significant in terms of lymph node positivity (p=0.014) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.037).

Proteoglycans (PGs) are essential for normal cellular development; however, alterations of their concentrations can promote tumor growth. To date, a limited number of studies report the presence of PGs in odontogenic tumors (OTs); therefore, the main purpose of this work is to gather the information published on the study of PGs. The search reported 26 articles referring to the presence of different PGs in distinct OTs from 1999 to May 2017. PGs seem to play an important role during OTs’ development as they are involved in several tumor processes; however, the number of reports on the study of these molecules is low. Thus, more studies are necessary in order to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of OTs.

Todas las células de los mamíferos contienen un sistema citoplasmático de fibras esencial para la movilidad celular, el citoesqueleto, el cual se encuentra integrado por tres unidades estructurales principales y proteínas asociadas: microfilamentos, microtúbulos y filamentos intermedios. Las citoqueratinas son filamentos intermedios que forman una red compleja que se extiende desde la superficie del núcleo a la porción periférica de la célula, donde se insertan en desmosomas y hemidesmosomas. Las citoquerarinas 14 y 19 han sido utilizadas como marcadores de diagnóstico y pronóstico en diversas neoplasias de origen epitelial, no sólo permiten identificar a una célula como epitelial, sino que permiten identificar diferentes etapas durante diferenciación del epitelio y caracterizar el tumor. Existen numerosos trabajos en la literatura biomédica que han ejemplificado la utilidad de citoqueratinas 14 y 19 para identificar epitelio odontogénico. Esta revisión analiza la utilidad de su inmunoexpresión en los diferentes quistes y tumores odontogénicos All mammal cells include a cytoplasmic fiber system essential for cell mobility, the cytoskeleton, formed by three main structural units and associated proteins: microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Cytokeratins are intermediate filaments forming a complex network which extends from the nucleus surface to the peripheral cell sector, where they are inserted into desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Cytokeratins 14 and 19 have been used as diagnosis and prognosis markers in various tumors of epithelial origin, not only to identify a cell as epithelial, but also to identify different stages during epithelial differentiation and to characterize the tumor. There are numerous studies in biomedical literature that have exemplified the utility of cytokeratins 14 and 19 to identify odontogenic epithelium. This review analyzes the utility of their immunologic expression in the different cysts and odontogenic tumors

Artículo original. En el marco de las políticas definidas por la Universidad de la República de respaldo al aprendizaje, la Facultad de Odontología presenta su primera experiencia curricular de integración estudiantil. En la carrera de Odontología, se verifica un importante retreaso académico en los dos primeros años. El proceso de afiliación a la vida universitaria puede generar desajustes en lso rendimientos y riesgo de desvinculación. Entendiendo la importancia del vínculo interpersonal entre estudiantes pares para la continuidad en los estudios, se propone generar estrategias articuladas que contribuyan a neuralizar la fragilidad al ingreso. La Unidad de Apoyo a la Enseñanza expone la experiencia del Curso Turoría entre Pares, curricular, optativo y teórico-práctico destacando que : estudiantes avanzados realizan el acompañamiento socio-afectivo, personal y académico de los ingresantes; afecta a toda la cohorte inicial; es de carácter semivolunatio; contempla un respaldo multidisciplinar; moviliza acciones de apoyo institucional complementarias y en red con otras estructuras de apoyo. (AU)