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Multi-flexible-body dynamics (MFBD) and the discrete element method (DEM) are well suited for co-simulation. This paper proposes an efficient, robust, and stable strategy for co-simulating between MFBD solvers and DEM solvers based on the conventional serial staggered (CSS) procedure for co-simulation. A standardized version of this strategy is also proposed that enables the DEM solver to be embedded into the MFBD software. If embedded in this manner, the MFBD software could be extended to create a single MFBD/DEM model, execute a co-simulation, and post process the results in one environment. The proposed strategy is coded into the commercial software RecurDyn. A simple DEM solver is formulated in this paper, embedded into RecurDyn, and numerical examples to demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal are presented.

O artigo apresenta o relato de processo do Projeto Corpecendo, com foco nas ferramentas de representação de design e os modos de interpretar e dar visibilidade para a prática do vestir. Parte dos conceitos de “inscrição” (Latour, 2001) e “documentos de processo” (Salles, 2011), para propor uma abordagem poética da prática de projeto e buscar aproximações entre os processos e materialidades das práticas investigativas da arte e do design. Investe em experimentações estéticas, vinculadas a arte do corpo e a prática artesanal, para abordar o vestir pelo viés de estratégias investigativas mediadas pelas dinâmicas do corpo e criação de artefatos.

The article considers the massification of higher education in post-Soviet Russia and shows its special aspects against the background of the studentship history in our country from 1917 to 2017. The main cause of the boom in the sphere of higher education at the turn of the century is the social and economic transformation of the society. The emergence of private universities and fee-based education in the public sector of higher education provided opportunities for broad segments of society. The unmet demand for higher education has resulted in an upsurge in the interest to higher education among the society. The similar boom and wave-like dynamics may be traced regarding postgraduate training due to long lasting deficit. The paper presents the results of comparing student body dynamics in universities, postgraduate and doctoral schools and shows the boom synchronicity at the levels of universities and postgraduate schools.

The selection of surgical site for the femoral tunnel during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery remains controversial. However, it is not only surgical site that lacks scientific consensus but also the level of pre-tension force applied during implanted graft fixation. This study aims to propose the optimal femoral tunnel position considering appropriate pre-tension in ACL reconstruction surgery. To select the optimal position, the stress and strain on the implanted graft in 40 cases was calculated by testing combinations of 10 recommended tunnel positions on the femoral epicondyle and four pre-tension forces (0, 10, 20, and 30 N) using multi-flexible body dynamics. The lowest implanted graft stress and strain was found in a posterior proximal site at 15 mm from the lateral femoral epicondyle; the pre-tension force here showed no significance. In conclusion, changes in stress on the implanted graft were affected more by tunnel position than by pre-tension.

Most terrestrial animals move with a specific number of propulsive legs, which differs between clades. The reasons for these differences are often unknown and rarely queried, despite the underlying mechanisms being indispensable for understanding the evolution of multilegged locomotor systems in the animal kingdom and the development of swiftly moving robots. Moreover, when speeding up, a range of species change their number of propulsive legs. The reasons for this behaviour have proven equally elusive. In animals and robots, the number of propulsive legs also has a decisive impact on the movement dynamics of the centre of mass. Here, I use the leg force interference model to elucidate these issues by introducing gradually declining ground reaction forces in locomotor apparatuses with varying numbers of leg pairs in a first numeric approach dealing with these measures’ impact on locomotion dynamics. The effects caused by the examined changes in ground reaction forces and timing thereof follow a continuum. However, the transition from quadrupedal to a bipedal locomotor system deviates from those between multilegged systems with different numbers of leg pairs. Only in quadrupeds do reduced ground reaction forces beneath one leg pair result in increased reliability of vertical body oscillations and therefore increased energy efficiency and dynamic stability of locomotion.

Most terrestrial animals move with a specific number of propulsive legs, which differs between clades. The reasons for these differences are often unknown and rarely queried, despite the underlying mechanisms being indispensable for understanding the evolution of multilegged locomotor systems in the animal kingdom and the development of swiftly moving robots. Moreover, when speeding up, a range of species change their number of propulsive legs. The reasons for this behaviour have proven equally elusive. In animals and robots, the number of propulsive legs also has a decisive impact on the movement dynamics of the centre of mass. Here, I use the leg force interference model to elucidate these issues by introducing gradually declining ground reaction forces in locomotor apparatuses with varying numbers of leg pairs in a first numeric approach dealing with these measures’ impact on locomotion dynamics. The effects caused by the examined changes in ground reaction forces and timing thereof follow a continuum. However, the transition from quadrupedal to a bipedal locomotor system deviates from those between multilegged systems with different numbers of leg pairs. Only in quadrupeds do reduced ground reaction forces beneath one leg pair result in increased reliability of vertical body oscillations and therefore increased energy efficiency and dynamic stability of locomotion.Significance statementThe model grants access to the effects of gradual ground force reduction on total ground reaction forces, body dynamics and gait transitions.

Energy consumption (EC) of consumers primarily depends on comfort level (CL) affirmed by brain sensations of the central nervous system. Environmental parameters such as surroundings, relative humidity, air temperature, solar irradiance, air pressure, and cloud cover directly influence consumer body temperature that in return affect blood dynamics perturbing brain comfort sensations. This CL (either in summer, winter, autumn, or spring season) is a function of external environment and internal body variations that force a consumer toward EC. To develop a new concept of consumer's EC, first the authors described environment parameters in detail with relation to surroundings and EC. Considering this, they tabulated a generic relation of consumer's CL with EC and environment temperature. Second, to build an inter-related bond between the environmental effects on consumer body dynamics, they analysed theoretically and mathematically above mutual relations between medical and environmental sciences. Finally, they present their conceptual EC model based on a closed-loop feedback system. This model is a complex non-linear adaptive system with environmental and surrounding parameters as input to the system resulting in an optimised EC, considering consumer CL as a key parameter for the system.

In this paper, we investigated the feasibility of harvesting wave energy in Phan Thiet sea area. In Viet Nam seas, Phan Thiet sea area is the most suitable for exploiting wave energy. This paper studies exploiting sea wave energy by the point absorber method for Phan Thiet sea area. The point absorber is a popular harvesting sea wave energy method, it is suitable for areas with small wave energy as Phan Thiet sea area. This work build the floating body dynamics equation for point absorber buoy. By solving this equation, we have determined the efficiency of sea wave energy exploitation for Phan Thiet sea area. The result showed the wave energy in Phan Thiet sea area can be exploited effectively.

In order to reduce the influence of athlete’s body shape on the difficulty coefficient of diving, a more reasonable calculation method of body shape correction coefficient is proposed based on the original calculation rules of diving difficulty coefficient. First, the composition of the original diving difficulty coefficient and influencing factors is analyzed and the relationship between the various structural parts is fully clarified. Second, a coupled nonrigid body dynamics model is established and a 2-body model is used to simulate complex diving actions, and it is concluded that diving time is positively correlated with body shape. Finally, the air movement part and the water entry part of diving are discussed separately, the calculation model of the difficulty coefficient of body shape correction is established, and the original difficulty coefficient is corrected. The results show that the difficulty coefficient of each movement is obviously increased. This effectively avoids the influence of body shape on the diving difficulty coefficient.

espanolEn el escenario globalizador dirigido por el mercado, los conceptos de nacion, etnia y clase entran en crisis, y el cuerpo con sus expresiones, envoltorios y protesis ofrece versiones singulares fuera de los grandes sistemas clasificatorios predominantes en el imaginario moderno. Entre experimentados discursos que discuten la dinamica corporal, la moda se sobresale en el agenciamiento de los sentidos. EnglishIn the globalizing scenario managed by the market, the concepts of nation, ethnicity and class come into crisis and the body with its forms, envelopes and prosthetics offers unique versions, outside the major classification systems prevalent in the modern imagination. Among experienced speeches discussing body dynamics, fashion is very important for the production of new meanings.

During human walking, step width is predicted by mediolateral motion of the pelvis, a relationship that can be attributed to a combination of passive body dynamics and active sensorimotor control. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether humans modulate the active control of step width in response to a novel mechanical environment. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a force-field that either assisted or perturbed the normal relationship between pelvis motion and step width, separated by washout periods to detect the presence of potential after-effects. As intended, force-field assistance directly strengthened the relationship between pelvis displacement and step width. This relationship remained strengthened with repeated exposure to assistance, and returned to baseline afterward, providing minimal evidence for assistance-driven changes in active control. In contrast, force-field perturbations directly weakened the relationship between pelvis motion and step width. Repeated exposure to perturbations diminished this negative direct effect, and produced larger positive after-effects once the perturbations ceased. Both of these results provide evidence of gradual changes in active control in response to perturbations. In the longer term, these methods may be useful for improving deficits in the active control of step width often observed among clinical populations with poor walking balance.

It has been observed in many previous earthquakes that impact often occurs between the main girders in curved bridges. An earthquake can result in deck-unseating leading to catastrophic destruction of the structure. In this paper, the nonsmooth multirigid body dynamics method and the set-valued formulation were used to model and analyze the mechanism of impact between the curved bridge segments. The analysis demonstrated that these impacts are the major cause of segment rotation. The main contribution of this paper is to use Newton’s impact law and Coulomb’s friction law to describe the interaction between the curved bridge segments in the form of a set-valued function and to express impacts with friction as a linear complementary problem. For frictionless and frictional contact, the paper considers the single-point and multipoint impacts using the linear complementary formula to detect the unique actual slip-stick conditions of these states. A variety of criteria for distinguishing each case are presented and the results provide the kinetic characteristics of each contact case. The analysis has shown that the impact between the segments of a curved bridge and the tendency of the segments to rotate (and thus detach) are related to the overall geometry, the coefficient of restitution, the coefficient of friction, and the preimpact conditions in the plane of motion. Finally, a theoretical relationship diagram of the impact, rotation slip, and stick condition of the curved bridge segments at the contact point is given. The presented results will be useful for the seismic design of curved bridges.

We propose a model connecting body dynamics and sensor feedback to investigate gait adaptation mechanisms of decerebrate cats in split-belt waking. In our previous studies, we proposed a leg controller using leg loading/unloading for the leg phase transition of a quadruped robot: “Kotetsu.” The purpose of this study is to make a model of split- belt gait adaptation in spinal cats and decerebrate cats to refer to biological knowledge and to evaluate the validity of those models using Kotetsu. We construct the spinal cat model integrating our leg controller with Frigon’s spinal cord model. Also, we employ motor learning in the cerebellum by long-term depression for the decerebrate cat model. As the results of experiments, we show that early adaptation in the split-belt walking is obtained by the stance-to-swing leg phase transition mechanism in the spinal cat model. We also show that late adaptation in split-belt walking is obtained by motor learning as the step distance adjustment in the decerebrate cat model. The validity of those models is evaluated by comparing durations of forelegs bi-support phases and duty ratios in the transition from tied-belt to split-belt walking between decerebrate cats and Kotetsu with the decerebrate cat model.

Contains fulltext : 225220.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) When we reach for an object during a passive whole body rotation, a tangential Coriolis force is generated on the arm. Yet, within a few trials, the brain adapts to this force so it does not disrupt the reach. Is this adaptation governed by a single-rate or dual-rate learning process? Here, guided by state-space modeling, we studied human reach adaptation in a fully-enclosed rotating room. After 90 pre-rotation reaches (baseline), participants were trained to make 240 to-and-fro reaches while the room rotated at 10 rpm (block A), then performed 6 reaches under opposite room rotation (block B), and subsequently made 100 post-rotation reaches (washout). A control group performed the same paradigm, but without the reaches during rotation block B. Single-rate and dual-rate models can be best dissociated if there would be full un-learning of compensation A during block B, but minimal learning of B. From the perspective of a dual-rate model, the un-learning observed in block B would mainly be caused by the faster state, such that the washout reaches would show retention effects of the slower state, called spontaneous recovery. Alternatively, following a single-rate model, the same state would govern the learning in block A and un-learning in block B, such that the washout reaches mimic the baseline reaches. Our results do not provide clear signs of spontaneous recovery in the washout reaches. Model fits further show that a single-rate process outperformed a dual-rate process. We suggest that a single-rate process underlies Coriolis force reach adaptation, perhaps because these forces relate to familiar body dynamics and are assigned to an internal cause. 19 p.

There exist few objective measures to evaluate or compare multi-rigid body dynamics simulations involving contact and friction. This absence creates uncertainty in simulation capabilities and accuracy, leaving users to wonder when can they trust simulations. Simulation science has focused on using theory and other simulations (verification) and real-world data (validation) to evaluate simulation correctness. With respect to rigid body dynamics, ballistic rigid body motion has been verified and validated, but rigid body simulations involving contact and friction are currently prone to producing results that appear inconsistent with real-world observations. Accurate validation is seldom performed for contacting “rigid” bodies, likely because the observation problem is so challenging (compared to, e.g., fluid dynamics, for which fluids are often transparent). This paper concentrates on a validation scenario for multi-rigid body dynamics with contact and friction, which are essential for simulating robotic locomotion and manipulation. We describe a collection and estimation process for telemetry data of a mechanically simple but highly dynamic, real-world robot whose motion is primarily driven by contact and friction, and we propose an approach for quantifying the performance of simulations of this robot.

Three body dynamics problems in the system of Earth-Moon are crucial for Space navigation safety. The existence of the stable periodic solutions, capturing the Lagrange libration points of the Earth-Moon system, under gravitational perturbation of the Sun is under investigation taking into account the light pressure of the Sun. A family of periodical orbits, which rises from the periodic solutions, is obtained. The probability of formation of cosmic dust clouds in these zones is estimated.

In this work, we propose a robust modeling and analysis technique of the piston-lubrication system considering fluid–structure interaction. The proposed schemes are based on combining the elastohydrodynamic analysis and multi-flexible body dynamics. In particular, multi-flexible body dynamics analysis can offer highly precise numerical results regarding nonlinear deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder bore, which can lead to more accurate results of film thickness for gaps filled with lubricant and of relative velocity of facing surfaces between the piston skirt and the cylinder block. These dynamic analysis results are also used in the elastohydrodynamic analysis to compute the oil film pressure and asperity contact pressure that are used as external forces to evaluate the dynamic motions of the flexible bodies. A series of processes are repeated to accurately predict the lubrication characteristics such as the clearance and oil film pressure. In addition, the Craig–Bampton modal reduction, which is a standard type of component mode synthesis, is employed to accelerate the computational speed. The performance of the proposed modeling schemes implemented in the RecurDyn™ multi-flexible body dynamics environment is demonstrated using a well-established numerical example, and the proposed simulation methods are also verified with the experimental results in a motor cycle engine (gasoline) which has a four cycle, single cylinder, overhead camshaft (OHC), air cooled.

We show that nearly half of all binary black hole (BBH) mergers dynamically assembled in globular clusters have measurable eccentricities ($e>0.01$) in the LISA band ($10^{-2}$ Hz), when General Relativistic corrections are properly included in the $N$-body evolution. If only Newtonian gravity is included, the derived fraction of eccentric LISA sources is significantly lower, which explains why recent studies all have greatly underestimated this fraction. Our findings have major implications for how to observationally distinguish between BBH formation channels using eccentricity with LISA, which is one of the key science goals of the mission. We illustrate that the relatively large population of eccentric LISA sources reported here originates from BBHs that merge between hardening binary-single interactions inside their globular cluster. These results indicate a bright future for using LISA to probe the origin of BBH mergers., accepted version. MNRAS

Bio-inspired flying robots (BIFRs) are micro-air-vehicles that use biomimetic actuation (oscillatory flapping wing) for lift, propulsion, and control. The dynamic behavior of these bio-inspired systems is quite intricate to study as it is typically described by a multibody, multi-time-scale, nonlinear, time-varying dynamical system. However, this rich dynamics lead to unconventional stabilization mechanisms whose study essentially necessitates a mathematically rigorous analysis. Our recent efforts using differential geometric control theory revealed a vibrational stabilization mechanism induced on the body pitching due to the interaction between the fast wing flapping dynamics and the slow body dynamics. In this effort, we construct an experimental setup allowing for two degrees of freedom for the body; vertical motion and pitching motion. The objective is to experimentally verify and demonstrate the vibrational stabilization phenomenon in insect flight and its mimicking BIFRs.

This study proposes a method of body dynamics analysis for larval zebrafish incorporating a viscoelastic body model and a fluidic environment model to support the study of development mechanisms in motion generation. The results showed that the estimated fluid drag coefficients enabled the body dynamics model to approximate the paths of actual larvae with an error level of 0.76±0.74 [%] to the total body length.

Processing bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic mRNA granules that form a hub to regulate mRNA translation via controlling decapping, degradation, and storage. P-bodies markedly increase as part of a stress response for example during nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. Thus, P-bodies could regulate cell fate by tuning protein levels during the stress, and thereby contribute to tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. However, it is unclear how P-body formation is regulated by these stress and what biologic pathways P-body controls. Dysregulation of PIM and AKT kinases has been found in multiple cancers, including prostate and breast cancers. We find that the protein Enhancer of mRNA-decapping Protein 3 (EDC3), a P-body component, binds with the PIM protein kinase and is phosphorylated on serine 161 by the PIM and AKT kinases, suggesting these kinases could regulate P-body formation and function. Thus, we hypothesize that these oncogenic kinases regulate the EDC3 activity and P-body function via the phosphorylation of EDC3. Suppression of EDC3 phosphorylation by inhibiting PIM and AKT activities with drugs leads to an increase in P-body number. A knock-in mutation substituting alanine for serine 161 in PC3-LN4 prostate cancer cell line inhibited growth, migration and invasion in vitro. Prostate cancer tumor growth in these cells containing EDC3 mutation was reduced in mouse xenograft model, suggesting that this single phosphorylation is essential for regulating cell growth. These results suggest that the level of specific RNAs and its translation is being controlled by this mutation. Indeed, integrin family proteins, ITGB1 and ITGA6, are shown to be decreased in these cells consistent with the inability of these cells to attach and invade. High levels of phosphorylated EDC3 were detected in the breast cancer cell lines tested, whereas non-transformed immortalized breast epithelial cell lines showed much lower EDC3 phosphorylation. IHC staining of human breast cancer samples with phospho-specific antibodies demonstrated that EDC3 was highly phosphorylated in contrast to normal breast tissue which demonstrated low level of phosphorylation. These data indicate that in tumors, breast and prostate cancer, with activated PIM and AKT, high phosphorylation of EDC3 would increase the translation of target mRNAs via reducing their storage and destruction and affecting tumor cell growth and motility. Therefore, the phosphorylation of EDC3 by Pim and AKT kinases can be a driver of malignancy by controlling mRNA levels in breast and prostate cancers. Citation Format: Jeremiah Bearss, Sathish K. Padi, Neha Singh, Marina Cardo-Vila, Andrew S. Kraft, Koichi Okumura. Regulation of P-body dynamics and formation in tumors through EDC3 phosphorylation by PIM and AKT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2296.

Despite a near-infinite number of possible movement trajectories, our body movements exhibit certain invariant features across individuals; for example, when grasping a cup, individuals choose an approximately linear path from the hand to the cup. Based on these experimental findings, many researchers have proposed optimization frameworks to determine desired movement trajectories. Successful conventional frameworks include the geodesic path, which considers the geometry of our complicated body dynamics, and stochastic frameworks, which consider movement variability. The former succeed in explaining the kinematics in human reaching movements, and the latter succeed in explaining the variability in those movements. However, the conventional geodesic path framework does not consider variability, and the conventional stochastic frameworks do not consider the geometrical properties of our bodies. Thus, how to reconcile these two successful frameworks remains unclear. Here, I show that the conventional geodesic path can be interpreted as a Bayesian framework in which no uncertainty is considered. Hence, by introducing uncertainty into the framework, I propose a Bayesian geodesic path framework that can simultaneously consider the geometric properties of our bodies and movement variability. I demonstrate that the Bayesian geodesic path generates a mean movement trajectory that corresponds to the conventional geodesic path and a variability of movement trajectory, thus explaining the characteristic variability in human reaching movements.

Recently, in vehicle development, consideration of the human passenger/driver has become increasingly important. In the present study, numerical simulation of human-body dynamics for a human in a vehicle was conducted. Generally, humans are simulated using whole-body models during numerical simulation. However, the whole-body model has multiple degrees of freedom and multiple properties that must be considered. Moreover, the influence of parameters of the human body is uncertain, and it is difficult to accurately set these parameters. Therefore, we herein focus on motion control of the human head and trunk because these parts account for a large portion of the overall human body. A simplified human model that can identify the characteristics of motion control for actual human response was proposed. In the present paper, the parameters of this human motion control are identified based on results obtained experimentally and using a simulation model. The characteristics of motion of an individual human are then considered based on the obtained characteristics of the parameters.

The European Space Agency (ESA) is currently involved in several activities related to launch vehicle designs (Future Launcher Preparatory Program, Ariane 6, VEGA evolutions, etc.). Within these activities, ESA has identified the importance of developing a simulation infrastructure capable of supporting the multi-disciplinary design and preliminary guidance navigation and control (GNC) design of different launch vehicle configurations. Astos Solutions has developed the multi-disciplinary optimization and launcher GNC simulation and sizing tool (LGSST) under ESA contract. The functionality is integrated in the Analysis, Simulation and Trajectory Optimization Software for space applications (ASTOS) and is intended to be used from the early design phases up to phase B1 activities. ASTOS shall enable the user to perform detailed vehicle design tasks and assessment of GNC systems, covering all aspects of rapid configuration and scenario management, sizing of stages, trajectory-dependent estimation of structural masses, rigid and flexible body dynamics, navigation, guidance and control, worst case analysis, launch safety analysis, performance analysis, and reporting.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Structural Integration and Fascial Fitness, a new form of physical exercise, on body image and the perception of back pain. [Subjects and Methods] In total, 33 participants with non-specific back pain were split into two groups and performed three sessions of Structural Integration or Fascial Fitness within a 3-week period. Before and after the interventions, perception of back pain and body image were evaluated using standardized questionnaires. [Results] Structural Integration significantly decreased non-specified back pain and improved both "negative body image" and "vital body dynamics". Fascial Fitness led to a significant improvement on the "negative body image" subscale. Benefits of Structural Integration did not significantly vary in magnitude from those for fascial fitness. [Conclusion] Both Structural Integration and Fascial Fitness can lead to a more positive body image after only three sessions. Moreover, the therapeutic technique of Structural Integration can reduce back pain.

This study aims to create a system that can be used to evaluate vehicle characteristics while simultaneously controlling human body behavior through numerical simulations. The proposed system consists of a vehicle model, a human body dynamics model, and a musculoskeletal model. In the present paper, a human body dynamics model using multibody dynamics is proposed. However, attempting to implement a whole-body model would necessitate dealing with multiple degrees of freedom and give rise to problematic phenomena. Furthermore, the influences of human motion are uncertain and difficult to parameterize. Accordingly, in the present research, the human model is limited to the head and trunk of a human body riding inside a vehicle. This human body dynamics model is composed of an internal model and an external model. The internal model incorporates a motion control model. The internal model, which is composed of an inverse model and a forward model, generates commands to control body motion, while the external model simulates the actual body motion. Then, in order to identify the parameters of the motion control model, the motion of maintaining posture is measured using a simple experimental device that can simulate horizontal acceleration applied to a subject. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed human body dynamics model, a simple human dummy model (which simulates the experimental model used for experiments such as automobile collisions) that consists of only a spring and a damper was created. Comparing this dummy model with the human body dynamics model reveals that the human body dynamics model can simulate details of human motion that the simple dummy model cannot.

In recent years, the use of retractable roofs is increasing to meet the demand of holding big-scale events. This article introduces a class of radial retractable roofs based on the foldable bar structure (FBS) mechanism. A radial retractable roof structure whose moveable section consisted of 6 segments and 6 rigid linkages was designed with appropriate parameters. An experimental study of a radial retractable roof was carried out. A scale model with a 3 metre diameter was constructed to study the roof deflection and vibration during the deployment process under four different load cases. Furthermore, based on the multi-flexible body dynamics theory, an ADAMS-ANSYS co-simulation was applied to simulate the motion process of the radial retractable roof structure. The experimental results were consistent with the numerical simulations. This indicates that the dynamic and fluctuation phenomena of structural behaviour are universal. The structural vibration was increased with the increase of external loads, and the vibration amplitude increased significantly when the roof was starting and braking. With the closing of the movable roof, the deflection of the fixed roof increased significantly. In the motion process, the bending moment of the fixed roof gradually increases, while that of the moving roof varies little. Vertical vibration is significant in the motion process by reason of the complex wheel-rail contact.

Wearable devices for health monitoring and fitness management have foreseen a rapidly expanding market, especially those for noninvasive and continuous measurements with real-time display that provide practical convenience and eliminated safety/infection risks. Herein, a self-powered and fully integrated smartwatch that consists of flexible photovoltaic cells and rechargeable batteries in the forms of a "watch strap", electrochemical glucose sensors, customized circuits, and display units integrated into a "dial" platform is successfully fabricated for real-time and continuous monitoring of sweat glucose levels. The functionality of the smartwatch, including sweat glucose sensing, signal processing, and display, can be supported with the harvested/converted solar energy without external charging devices. The Zn-MnO2 batteries serve as intermediate energy storage units and the utilization of aqueous electrolytes eliminated safety concerns for batteries, which is critical for wearable devices. Such a wearable system in a smartwatch fashion realizes integration of energy modules with self-powered capability, electrochemical sensors for noninvasive glucose monitoring, and in situ and real-time signal processing/display in a single platform for the first time. The as-fabricated fully integrated and self-powered smartwatch also provides a promising protocol for statistical study and clinical investigation to reveal correlations between sweat compositions and human body dynamics.

Flight stability is an interesting subject for the researchers and engineers working on design and development of flying objects. This subject will be more complicated when the body free oscillation and its mutual influence are added to it. In present investigation, a three-dimensional free oscillating body (unstable inherently) with a flexible strip attached to its trailing edge which utilized for stabilizing, is studied in a viscous subsonic flow. Navier–Stokes equations are used for fluid flow analysis and Euler–Bernoulli cantilevered beam is implemented for structure deflection modeling. For analyzing Fluid-Structure Interaction, an iterative partitioned coupling algorithm is utilized. With combining a dynamic simulation tool for body dynamics, the Body-Fluid-Structure Interaction (BFSI) is studied and analyzed. Consequently, an efficient framework is developed for multi-disciplinary analysis of highly flexible stabilizers.

We have measured fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for ionization in $75\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{keV}p+{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions for ejected electron speeds close to the projectile speed. The data were analyzed in dependence on both the electron emission angle and the projectile scattering angle. Pronounced postcollisional effects between the projectile and the ejected electrons were observed. Significant differences between experiment and theory and between two conceptually very similar theoretical models were found. This shows that in the region of electron-projectile velocity-matching the FDCS is very sensitive to the details of the underlying few-body dynamics.

Solar systems dynamics. Stellar kinematics and dynamics. Galatic dynamics. Cosmology-Large scale structure dynamics. General dynamics

Substrate variations are likely to compel animal performance in natural environments, as running over complex terrains challenges the dynamic stability of the body differently in each step. Yet, being able to negotiate complex terrains at top speed is a strong advantage for animals that have to deal with predators and evasive prey. Only little is known on how animals negotiate such terrain variability at high speed. We investigated this in fast running Acanthodactylus boskianus lizards, by measuring their 3D kinematics using four synchronized high-speed video cameras (325Hz) on an adaptable racetrack. This racetrack was covered with four different substrates, representing increasing levels of terrain complexity. We found that the lizards deal with this complexity gradient by gradually adopting more erect parasagittal leg postures. More erected legs enable, in turn, more compliant legs use which are highly adjustable on complex terrains. Additionally, the lizards stabilise their head, which facilitates vestibular and visual perception. Together, compliant legs and head stabilisation enable the lizards to minimise movements of the body centre of mass, even when running on highly irregular terrains. This suggests that the head and the centre of mass are the priority targets for running on uneven terrains. As a result, running performance (mean forward speed) decreases only slightly, and only on the most challenging substrate under investigation.