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This paper explores what is understood by the phrase 'spontaneous movement'. We discern five different understandings of spontaneity in the usage of the phrase: 1) spontaneous movement as automatic machine-like mechanistic, 2) spontaneous movement as free, 3) spontaneous movement as primal animateness of the body, 4) spontaneous movement as embodied responsive dealing in the world, 5) spontaneous movement as a force of nature. The first two understandings are rooted in a dualistic view, with the dichotomies of voluntary/involuntary and mind/body in the Western philosophical tradition. The next two arise from a phenomenological reflection on the body, drawn from Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, while the last comes from a holistic Eastern view of the body, human beings and nature. We argue that the latter three understandings of spontaneity demonstrate three aspects of a more comprehensive picture of the spontaneity of human movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this commentary, I draw on Annemarie Mol's work to ponder the implications of multiple ontologies of the body that are enacted in research as well as in domains such as athletics. I highlight the work of consumption scholars who have been demonstrating the relational entanglements of human bodies various other-than-human bodies and materialities, revealing a more distributed performance of the body and the self. I note the possibilities of reading Belk's oeuvre through the lens of multiple ontologies and enactments. In doing so, I question the linear and uni-directional evolution from "heavier" to "lighter" ontologies of the self in consumer research that Thompson's commentary seems to imply. I finally highlight the politics of ontological enactments and their implications for bodily wellness and autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does feminist theory have to offer sociology? Defining feminist theory as work that problematizes the gender binary and the relations of domination that constitute and emerge from it, we explore four key aspects of feminist scholarship. We begin with work that explores gender as a structuring trope. We then turn to how gender is coconstituted with other structures of power and domination. Next, we survey how feminists have theorized the relationship between nature and the social through the body. Finally, we examine feminist epistemological claims. We conclude by demonstrating the inextricability of feminist conceptual work and feminist politics. As we move across these bodies of work, we show how they are linked with one another and suggest some of the ways in which thinking like a feminist would help sociologists better grasp the dynamics of the social worlds we study.

CoVID-19 has been linked to long-term consequences on several human body organs, including lung ailments, kidney malfunctions, heart dysrhythmia, alterations in brain nutrient levels, psychological difficulties, abrupt changes in blood pressure, and more. Because of the considerable variety in the impacts on different body parts, researchers find it challenging to create models that can incorporate these effects for treatment recommendations and future disease prevention scenarios. Thus, this article examines some of the most recently proposed models for identifying the impacts of CoVID19 on various human organs. This review examines the underlying theories in terms of clinical nuances, functional advantages, contextual limits, and potential empirical applications. Based on this discussion, researchers will be able to find the best models for detecting particular diseases on specific body parts. It was discovered that hybrid bioinspired models, when paired with deep learning-based classification algorithms, can effectively detect these impacts. This text also parametrically analyses these models in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall, allowing readers to select the best models for their performance-specific use cases. To expand on this discussion, this book evaluates a unique CoVID19 Classification Rank Metric (CCRM) that integrates these factors for thorough model identification. Based on this criteria, researchers will be able to develop appropriate models for clinical scenarios that have high accuracy, low delay, and scalability while costing less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing global responses to HIV/AIDS entail shifting biological loci of surveillance which are believed to constitute HIV risk. Meanwhile, various local institutions and organizations are mobilized to play a key role in HIV service delivery and surveillance. Drawing on a socio-material approach to the body and the economy, this study theorizes the emergence of three 'HIV service bio-economies' devised to provide HIV services while controlling HIV transmission in Taiwan. Instead of presuming a divide between the social and the biological, it analyzes how different bodies are produced through differing modes of HIV surveillance and economization, buttressed by global health sciences, state budgets and quantitative metrics. The analysis of multiple ontologies of HIV underscores the political nature of risk-framing in a transnational context, but also how certain bodies incapable of being enrolled in these economies could be further marginalized – a process which might be understood as an ontological politics of HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the context of infertility, women's bodies have a central physical, psychological, and social role. Medically assisted reproduction (MAR) treatment includes highly intrusive procedures targeting women's bodies. This study aimed to develop a preliminary understanding of women's core meanings around their bodies within their experiences of medicalized infertility in Italy. Design: 104 Italian women dealing with infertility and MAR treatments answered open-ended questions, which were part of a broader online survey. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed. Results: Three themes were identified: (a) the paradox of the body: 'I feel like I was born for something that my body can't do'; (b) 'Something only mothers can do': meanings attributed to the physical body; (c) Internalized 'clinical gaze': medicalized body representations. Conclusions: This work provides insights into the meanings assigned to their bodies by Italian women dealing with MAR. This study outlined women's ambivalence towards their bodies, describing them as 'fragmented' into parts and as 'deposits' of their reproductive hopes. Results suggest that Italian pronatalist culture may have potential fallouts for women's gendered sense of self and the integration between their biological and psychosocial body experiences. Study limitations, future research directions, and clinical implications are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Israeli life-sentence parole hearings, we argue that release decisions are centred on the body, not the soul. The board employs a 'medical gaze' that dissects the paroled body by magnifying the applicant's dying body and narrowing the gaze to evaluate the days left to live. A new risk emerges: the risk of living upon release rather than dying. The board is ambivalent when managing this risk: the body is treated with suspicion, the applicant is criticized for their bodily state and risk and populist discourses are recalled to back parole decisions. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that portrays parole as focussing on rehabilitation and risk, the construction of the paroled body to manage the risk of living amounts to denying any moral worth or possibility of personal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study traces material movement across human–nonhuman animal bodies (henceforth human–animal) during ritual performances in which patients from Hittite Anatolia spat into an animal's mouth. It explores the transference of pollution through the lens of theoretical approaches that reflect on bodily margins and orifices as potent symbolic points of human bodies, as well as on bodily fluids as substances that can threaten inside/outside, subject/object distinctions. An examination of Hittite compositions from this theoretical perspective suggests that ritual patients were able, through spitting, and spittle, to release evils characterized primarily by being in between corporeality, social, and divine encounters, instead of freeing them principally from physical afflictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses access to basic health care facilities in Morocco, by emphasizing the issue of accommodation (Penchansky & Thomas, 1981). This article is based on data collected over three years spent in Rabat, Morocco, for fieldwork. The first year focused on hypertension. Research authorization was required for this research, which was obtained from the Ministry of Health. Research tools consisted of observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. I argue that waiting is not a passive experience or state. It is experienced with and through a mindful body (Scheper-Hughes & Lock, 1987), as an active and dynamic process that happens in a waiting room. The waiting room is conceptualized as a sphere of coexisting heterogeneity (Massey, 2005), allowing the concomitant presence of the body-self, social body, and the body politic, equivalent to body-inside and body-outside, respectively. By relating multiplicity and heterogeneity to time—biomedicine's time, different from patients' time, but also from the body's time or somatic time (Limor Meoded, 2018)—, I argue that the space of the waiting room brings these various temporalities together, commanding new configurations and processes (Massey, 2005). The dynamic process of waiting is embodied; it can burst out in the form of tension, when the concomitant presence of distinct trajectories, bodies, and temporalities inside the waiting room, sometimes generate violence (verbal and symbolic). Allowing this heterogeneity to coexist smoothly is the challenge of hospital architecture and its analysis from a phenomenological perspective will bring rich data to explore and extend the project of an anthropogeography of emotions and perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, TuoMeiYi (escaping beauty duty) has emerged in the Chinese digital space as a distinct feminist proposition. Advocating for women to break free from the constraints of beauty, TuoMeiYi feminists strive to redefine what a woman should look like, and actively practice their anti-beauty stance by shaving their hair into buzz cuts. This everyday feminist politics attempts to reclaim women’s autonomy over their bodies by transforming their feminist body into a rebellious project. Diverging from the prevalent media discursive approach in Chinese digital feminism studies, this article examines TuoMeiYi feminists’ explorative body project through the lens of affect grounded in corporeal and phenomenological feminist theories. Using digital ethnography to explore an online TuoMeiYi forum, this article recognizes that pride and shame have been discursively mobilized as pivotal tools to sustain the anti-beauty feminist ideal. Yet, the construction of the proud feminist subject also involves a highly self-autonomous logic that tries to eliminate feminist embodied feelings. In the end, this article argues that it is not ‘feeling good’ but the ‘strange feelings’ that demonstrate the feminist body is neither a docile nor consciously autonomous entity, but a rebellious affective being capable of feeling in unplanned alternative ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores embodied practices and relations of students’ ‘hexis’, the bodily part of habitus, during middle school years in a Danish state school setting, focusing on how these practices are shaped by classroom dynamics and grade level. Drawing on field notes and vignettes from 12 visits across 3 grade levels in 2 state schools – fifth grade (ages 11–12), seventh grade (ages 13–14), and ninth grade (ages 15–16) – the study reveals distinct patterns of body practices. Fifth graders exhibit a collective hexis in flux, seventh graders express more still and individual practices, and ninth graders demonstrate a complex mix characterised by individual stillness and collective in-flux. Notable gender differences emerge in the incorporation of school norms at seventh and ninth grades, with girls more likely to embody and take advantage of doxic orders of stillness. Highlighting the significant role of institutional and social contexts in shaping students’ embodied practices, this study offers a nuanced understanding of the interplay between body, time, and space in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plastic surgeons increasingly use social media to market their practices and educate prospective patients. Previous studies have investigated plastic surgery content on Instagram from the angle of hashtags and most popular plastic surgeons. However, very little is understood about what plastic surgeons themselves post on Instagram and what plastic surgery content average users engage with. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze Instagram posts from accounts related to plastic surgeons in the USA to establish suggestions for growing one's practice with this powerful platform to reach patients. Methods: Board-certified plastic surgeons from all US regions that were active from February 1, 2023 to April 12, 2023 were randomly chosen. Their Instagram accounts were accessed for post analysis. For procedural posts, engagement statistics and multiple variables were collected. Dixon's outlier test was used to determine outliers in the data. ANCOVA and Tukey analysis was used to determine whether procedure type influenced engagement. Results: 120 surgeon accounts were identified with 2157 posts analyzed, yielding notable differences in posts among regions. Most posts were aesthetic procedures (94.4%) and of female patients (90.3%). Surgical procedures were also predominant (86.1%). In addition, Reels had higher engagement than photograph posts. Users engaged with Body procedures at the highest rate. Conclusions: This cross-sectional analysis shows plastic surgeons tend to overwhelmingly post female patients, aesthetic procedures, and surgical content. These insights may be used to guide social media content and improve the effectiveness of Instagram as a tool for marketing or education. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of participation in Christ has remained a distinctive area in Pauline scholarship throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Scholars have raised a pressing critique, however, that "participation" has become a vague concept such that its use for exegesis of Paul is limited. This recent critique resembles E. P. Sanders's earlier concern in the late 1970s that scholars appear to lack a category of "reality" that corresponds to Paul's experience of participating in Christ. In light of this problem, I argue that the interpretive category of participation can be expanded further without losing its coherence. To develop this argument, I first chart a history of scholarship by focusing on participatory motifs that scholars have recently identified. Then, in the following sections, I analyze two motifs that have not been sufficiently integrated into this research on participation: (1) reasoning in accordance with Christ in Rom 15:5; (2) the form of the body conformed to Christ's glorified body in Phil 3:21. Finally, I discuss the conceptual linkage between these two Pauline passages. In conclusion, these two motifs will allow scholarship to move toward more nuanced perspectives on how Paul envisions participation in Christ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The portrayal of disability within sacred and dramatic narratives offers an avenue for the examination of societal and theological paradigms. Such an examination is attempted in this study by investigating the representation of disability in the Bible and Ola Rotimi's play Hopes of the Living Dead through the theoretical frameworks of Ableism and Reynolds' hermeneutical approach. Biblical stories depicting disability as a curse, a tool, and a subject of divine healing are used in the research to explore the complex interplay between societal perceptions and theological implications. Rotimi's dramatization of people with leprosy further elucidates themes of marginalisation and resilience within a predominantly secular context. Integrating Ableism theory, this paper critiques normative conceptions of ability and disability, while Reynolds' hermeneutical methodology facilitates a nuanced interpretation of the often-conflicting representations found in both sacred texts and dramatic literature. This interdisciplinary approach yields comprehensive insights into the cultural, religious, and social constructs surrounding disability, advocating for more inclusive and empathetic interpretative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) aims to disentangle multiple biological signal sources in each imaging voxel, enabling the computation of innovative maps of tissue microstructure. DW‐MRI model development has been dominated by brain applications. More recently, advanced methods with high fidelity to histology are gaining momentum in other contexts, for example, in oncological applications of body imaging, where new biomarkers are urgently needed. The objective of this article is to review the state‐of‐the‐art of DW‐MRI in body imaging (ie, not including the nervous system) in oncology, and to analyze its value as compared to reference colocalized histology measurements, given that demonstrating the histological validity of any new DW‐MRI method is essential. In this article, we review the current landscape of DW‐MRI techniques that extend standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), describing their acquisition protocols, signal models, fitting settings, microstructural parameters, and relationship with histology. Preclinical, clinical, and in/ex vivo studies were included. The most used techniques were intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM; 36.3% of used techniques), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI; 16.7%), vascular, extracellular, and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumors (VERDICT; 13.3%), and imaging microstructural parameters using limited spectrally edited diffusion (IMPULSED; 11.7%). Another notable category of techniques relates to innovative b‐tensor diffusion encoding or joint diffusion‐relaxometry. The reviewed approaches provide histologically meaningful indices of cancer microstructure (eg, vascularization/cellularity) which, while not necessarily accurate numerically, may still provide useful sensitivity to microscopic pathological processes. Future work of the community should focus on improving the inter‐/intra‐scanner robustness, and on assessing histological validity in broader contexts. Level of Evidence: NA Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Witnessing someone die can bring about an array of emotional pain, fear, and despair. In this autoethnography, the author tells a story of the time he witnessed two young African American men fall victim to violence in his hometown of Gary, Indiana. Throughout this essay, the author graphically describes the overwhelming shock and impact of witnessing their deaths and how that moment engulfed him emotionally. Through this narrative he explores the complex emotions that arose from this traumatic experience, one that compelled him to examine the complexities of facing his own mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternity swimwear is one of the least researched garment types despite its ability to create a unique affective experience for women during gestation. It contains as well as exposes and liberates the changing female form during pregnancy. The study explores the history of this 'second skin' and illuminates how it relates to sociocultural ideals and human agency. It also investigates the changing perceptions of pregnancy and how maternity wear evolved into maternity fashion. It briefly reviews American women's attitudes towards sports, primarily swimming, and discusses some of the controversies surrounding the most famous swimwear type, the bikini, before refocusing on maternity swimwear. The authors examine the role of maternity swimwear in helping the historically secluded private female body transition into a visible and public body and postulate the harmony created between swimsuit, mother and child, particularly whilst submerged in water. They suggest that the bathing suit enables women to take charge of their pregnant bodies and new identities and conclude that maternity swimwear is a significant tool of female agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rag Doll Plagues, by Mexican American writer Alejandro Morales, underlines the racial dimension of the environmental crisis while also demonstrating the material interdependence between human and more-than-human worlds through the lens of trans-corporeality. By exploring the material connection between the poisoned body and the environment; the interaction between the marginalized body and nonhuman as subject; and the mutant body’s agency as a “habitat” and “thing,” this paper highlights the evolving and dynamic relationship between the porous human body and various forms of living and non-living entities within and beyond its borders. Morales's plague reminds humanity to break away from narrow, teleological thinking in the face of disaster and to adopt a mode of thought that is interconnected with the world as well as attentive to, and appreciative of, the vitality of non-living entities, thus fostering a nonlinear, open “material ethics”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergy (1841-7191) is the property of Editura ASE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergy (1841-7191) is the property of Editura ASE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reflects on an instructor's experience of incorporating an optional assignment in a theology class wherein students are invited to learn a new athletic skill, journal while doing so, and then theologically reflect on their experience. It begins with the instructor making a case for the need to bring the body back into the classroom. This is followed by the theological reflections of three of the instructor's students. Finally, the instructor reflects on the themes of balance and muscle memory, stretching, and flow developed in the student reflections. These are used to outline how a balanced classroom revives theological wonder, affirms change in a cruciform fashion, and understands failure as part of God's modus operandi and so intrinsic to theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body is one of the main themes in Staubmann's Sociology in a New Key: Staubmann wants to establish a sociology that is grounded in the body and that does justice to the bodily dimension of sociality. In what follows, I will examine Staubmann's theory of the body from a philosophical viewpoint. I will discuss his main claims and relate them to recent developments in philosophy. First, I will outline Staubmann's position. Then, I will explore the similarities between this position and the interaction theory of social cognition, as developed by Gallagher, De Jaegher, Fuchs, and other philosophers. My main focus, however, will be on the relation between Staubmann's theory of the body and that of Thompson and Merleau-Ponty: I will point out the differences between their approaches but also highlight their similarities. In the end, I will make a plea for a non-reductive conception of life, which, I believe, is very much in line with Staubmann's Sociology in a New Key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Sa'adat Hasan Manto's short story "Toba Tek Singh", readers are introduced to Sikh inmate Bishan Singh living in an asylum in pre-Partition India.1 The disfigured, swollen, babbling body of Bishan Singh is redolent of Giorgio Agamben's representation of the " Muselmann ", the abject camp prisoners of Auschwitz, in his Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive. Drawing on Agamben's insights, this article reads the figure of Bishan Singh as the Agambenian " Muselmann " and Partition witness, caught in the space of the camp under the guise of an asylum for the mentally ill. This article also traces this space or holding centre for the mentally ill as a site of production of an ab-humanity marked not so much by a lack of speech, but by its provocative disorder. The figure of Bishan Singh as " Muselmann " emerges as marked out by his garbled, traumatized language that signals both his ab-humanity and his exposure to the violence that attends the making of the human subject. This study argues that Bishan Singh's wounded body and speech constitute traces of the unsayable, and that what is perceptible emerges from what is not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the primacy of the face in social perception research, people often base their impressions on whole persons (i.e., faces and bodies). Yet, perceptions of whole persons remain critically underresearched. We address this knowledge gap by testing the relative contributions of faces and bodies to various fundamental social judgments. Results show that faces and bodies contribute different amounts to particular social judgments on orthogonal axes of social perception: Bodies primarily influence status and ability judgments, whereas faces primarily influence warmth-related evaluations. One possible reason for this may be differences in signal that bodies and faces provide for judgments along these two axes. To test this, we extended our investigation to social judgment accuracy, given that signal is a precondition to accuracy. Focusing on one kind of status/ability judgment—impressions of social class standing—we found that perceivers can discern individuals' social class standing from faces, bodies, and whole persons. Conditions that included bodies returned higher accuracy, indicating that bodies may contain more signal to individuals' social class than faces do. Within bodies, shape cued social class more than details of individuals' clothing. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of the body for fully understanding processes and outcomes in person perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that the social reproduction discourse from the 1970s onwards, or the so-called domestic labour debate, has been about two things: value on the one hand, and the body and intimacy on the other. While there is a highly visible stake in how domestic labour is understood from the viewpoint of value, which is still debated today, the contribution of the discourse to understanding the body and intimacy in capitalism is more hidden and less discussed. In this paper, I review the discourse on social reproduction from the perspective of value, with a particular focus on recent contributions, Jared Sacks' and Alessandra Mezzadri's works. Then, I will discuss the discourse of social reproduction from the perspective of the body and intimacy and finally link this aspect to the lessons around value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city comprises of a wide variety of heterogeneous territorial units (e.g. districts or neighbourhoods). In many – especially larger – cities, social capital assets (like community bonds) are mirrored at the level of neighbourhoods which form the home for many sociocultural communities or distinct socio‐economic classes. We postulate in this study that the big city is essentially an 'archipelago' made up of 'urban villages'. We analyse the residents' perceived attractiveness regarding their daily local neighbourhood by introducing the concept of 'village love' (or 'neighbourhood love'), inspired by the recent literature on 'city love' (comprising 'body', 'soul' and 'community' constituents of urban life). Based on an extensive and detailed multi‐annual database for all neighbourhoods in Rotterdam, the present paper seeks to identify the background factors shaping 'village love' in the city, with particular attention to the citizens' subjective appreciation for and access to a great variety of (physical and immaterial) urban amenities shaping the place‐based satisfaction of residents. The theoretical framing of our research resembles the basics of traditional central place theory here transmitted to the urban space in which local proximity to amenities plays a key role. A wide array of relevant amenities impacting on the place‐specific well‐being feelings ('village love') of residents in various neighbourhoods in the city of Rotterdam is distinguished using inter alia‐rich multi‐annual survey data. This approach is empirically tested and verified by means of LISA statistics and advanced spatial econometric dependence models ('urbanometrics'). The findings confirm the usefulness of a central place interpretation of 'urban village love' in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is it possible to survive as a woman senior leader in the gendered managerial academy? In this autoethnographical article, I illustrate the lived reality, insecurity, and struggle of academic leadership. Drawing from three vignettes, I discuss decision‐making processes, blatant sexist aggressions, and the problematic negation of affect and personal life. Their critical contribution is to expose the consequences of gendered managerialism in the neo‐liberal academy and the false promise of 'leadership', in which women continue to experience gender challenges, sexism, and the risk of burnout in their everyday experiences. However, I also show how it is possible to counter the detrimental effects of gendered managerialism through four forms of resistance: resistance through embodied affective authenticity; resistance through solidarities, and social relations with others; resistance through feminist activism; and resistance by stepping back. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article delves into the concept of personal identity in Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavism, a Hindu tradition. It examines the relationship between consciousness, the self, and the body, emphasizing that consciousness is a crucial aspect of the self and is reliant on the body. The text also explores the notions of liberation and fall-down, suggesting that attachment to a specific type of body is necessary for one's eternal personal identity. The author presents a series of statements and axioms to elucidate these concepts and their implications. Additionally, the article discusses the concepts of grace and the conditions for liberation or fall-down in Gauḍīya theology, presenting various scenarios and statements to explore the connection between inhabiting a spiritual body and a material body. The text concludes that P1 and F2 are the only relevant statements for comprehending personal identity in relation to liberation and fall-down, as they represent necessary implications of inhabiting a spiritual or material body within Gauḍīya theology. [Extracted from the article]

This chapter advances understandings of emotion work by examining how "doing gender" and "doing health" are implicated in the pursuit of emotional tranquility. The study examines the role of hair loss in women's illness narratives of cancer using in-depth interviews with 16 white women in the US Northwest who vary in age, marital status, diagnoses, and treatments. The absence of women's hair presents an appearance of illness that prevents them from doing femininity, which calls into question their health status because of Western beauty standards. To overcome this barrier, the women use emotion work to manage the effects of their appearance through necessarily co-occurring bodily, cognitive, and expressive strategies (Hochschild, 1979). The required emotion work during women's hair loss makes explicit the symbolic linking of the healthy body with the feminine body through women's head hair. Pursuing treatment for cancer is often seen as a "fight" or a "battle" against the disease and the bodily assaults of such treatments, including unwanted visible bodily changes. A substantial body of empirical work has established the complex web of social psychological problems associated with breasts and breast cancer, but less attention has been given to the side effect of hair loss that is common across cancer types and treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body weight has a long history of functioning as a symbol of one's beauty, social status, morality, discipline, and health. It has also been a standard inflicted much more intensely on women than men. While US culture has long idealized thinness for women, even at risky extremes, there is growing evidence that weight standards are broadening. Larger bodies are becoming more visible and accepted, while desire for and approval of a thin ideal has diminished. However, the continued widespread prevalence of anti-fat attitudes and stigma leaves uncertainty about just how much weight standards are changing. This study used an online survey (n = 320) to directly compare evaluations of thin, fat, and average size women through measures of negative stereotypes, prejudicial attitudes, and perceptions about quality of life. Results indicated that, as hypothesized, thin women were perceived less favorably than average weight women. However, fat women were perceived less favorably than both average and thin women. Men were harsher than women in their evaluations of only fat women. Additionally, participants being underweight or overweight did not produce an ingroup bias in their evaluations of underweight and overweight targets, respectively. That is, participants did not rate their own group more favorably, with the exception of overweight participants having lower prejudice toward overweight targets. These findings add to the emerging evidence that women's weight standards are in transition, marked by an increasingly negative perception of thin women, though not necessarily growing positivity toward fat women. This evidence further points toward the need for more extensive research on attitudes of people across the entire weight spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embodied learning is a nascent term drawing on theories emphasising the role of the body, and body-based interaction in knowledge creation. Whilst embodied learning research has articulated pedagogical and design implications which resonate with museum practice and emphasis on hands-on approaches, translation between embodied learning research and everyday practice is limited. A key challenge is conducting research that is both methodologically rigorous whilst providing tractable implications for complex practice contexts. Whilst this tension is endemic in educational research, the field of embodied learning presents unique challenges. Here, we draw on experiences from a four-year, multisite, academic-practitioner research project investigating embodied learning with young children (3–6 years) in science centres/museums to synthesise, illustrate, and critically reflect on four key challenges: theoretical framing (how embodied learning is conceptualised), nature of the experience (what makes it embodied), evaluating embodied learning, and logistical challenges (capturing multiple modes of interaction, social context, communication). These challenges are illustrated through case studies, contributing a methodological lens for both academics and practitioners investigating the role and implications of embodied learning in museums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Until the structural change in South Tyrolean agriculture in the 1960s, the high pastures were important as essential fodder resources for the subsistence farming of mountain farmers, so it was primarily the farmers who were responsible for negotiating grazing rights. The task of the herder, on the other hand, was essentially to observe these rights strictly. Historically, herders in South Tyrol have played a socially marginal role, their activities focusing exclusively on the summer high pastures. But the current situation is different. Drawing on the example of one particular mountain pasture and one herder, the landscape can be understood as a “total social fact.” This landscape as a whole is able to give us a condensed account of the comprehensive changes over the past fifty years, expressed as the return of scrub, and the new embodied practices of the herder as well as the grazing animals.

This article presents an ethnographic study of the donor body in deceased organ donation. Drawing on the science and technology studies’ incitement to study bodies being enacted and acted upon in situated practices, I explore the body being done and becoming undone in the practices of organ procurement at a Catalan hospital. The hospital has uniquely high rates of organ donation and transplantation, and deceased organ donation has become routinised and integrated into everyday hospital activities. I attend ethnographically to the medical professionals’ accounts of and interactions with bodies and organs in their work dealing with both donors after brain death diagnosis and uncontrolled donors after circulatory death diagnosis. During fieldwork, I followed the struggles of the transplant coordination team grappling with unruly bodies under different maintenance technologies. The body being done in these hospital practices is an active and unstable materiality that must be contended with: a labile body, or a fragile assemblage of interdependent functions, requiring multiple interventions provided by a host of dedicated hospital practitioners. The article shows that staying close to the medical professionals’ situated accounts is a valuable route to gaining novel understandings of the donor body.

The work systematizes several essential aspects of contemporary man. It reveals his trinitarian structure: body, soul, and spirit. His temporal trivalence - past, present, and future. The process of psycho-intellectual maturation. His essential dimension is ethical orientation. Its culmination is moral. The formation of belief and character are ethical values. Primarily, man is valued for who he is, not for what he has. He is what he is through communion, not through communication. Moral values define human personality. Through empathy, trust, and emotions, we define the human. Our objective is to stop precariousness, primarily the disorder of values.

Modern medicine is constantly evolving, enabling the early detection of diseases, offering various treatment options, protecting against undesirable conditions and providing advanced pharmacological solutions. The 19th century biomedical model, which prevailed into the 20th century, has greatly improved our understanding of the human body and the causes of disease. Despite the introduction of other models, such as the bio-psycho-social and the patient-centered model, the biomedical model remains an integral part of evidence-based medicine (EBM). It leads to various consequences such as specialization, biological determinism, the victim-blaming approach, reductionism and objectification. The article uses phenomenology as an analytical framework. Two research questions were posed: 1) How does the biomedical model influence the fragmentation of patient care? 2) What influence does the biomedical model have on the perception of the patient’s body? The main argument is that the medical model of disease is still influential in the fields of research, education and medical practice and, with the advances of evidence-based medicine, influences the perception of the patient’s body. The article is based on a literature review and aims to show the non-obvious connection between medical progress and body perception. The analysis has shown that the biomedical model influences the fragmentation of patient care through increasing professional reductionism and specialization, leading to an objectification of the body that can be made by both doctors and patients.

This paper examines the contestation about khwajasara corporeality—legal, medical and activist claims about the khwajasara body—and how it has been subjected to state projects of welfare and citizenship in South Asia. The khwajasara/hijra body was a suspicious and a transgressive body for the colonial state, but it has become a target of legal and medical forms of knowledge with the transformation of the "transgender" as a new subject of citizenship in South Asia. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the khwajasara community in Pakistan, this paper examines how new "grid[s] of intelligibility" (Butler, 2001: 629) informed by legal and medical forms of expertise mediate rights claims as well as fuel social imaginary about khwajasaras—making the body of khwajasara legible as a Gender X citizen while also providing a new political context to which khwajasaras diversely respond. My analysis suggests that the new "citational apparatus" (Mitra, 2020: 111) concerning khwajasara corporeality makes khwajasaras "deserving" subjects of state welfare and protection, but only through introducing new forms of welfare surveillance, mediated by legal and medical experts. The paper suggests that as an object of state intervention as well as a means to elude legibility and demand equality and rights, the body remains central to governmental projects of welfare, governance and citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 20th century, the Cartesian paradigm of identity has been the object of criticism, raised by different epistemological perspectives, including post-structuralism, feminism, constructionism, and philosophy of language studies. A common aspect of these new theoretical-epistemological perspectives is the search to overcome an idealistic, immaterial, vision of the psychological subject, emphasizing the concrete character of its subjective construction, and the anchoring of the whole process in corporeality. These new trends rediscover the body as a concept within the human and social sciences, especially, inspired by Michel Foucault's work. In Psychology, although the body has recently become an object of increasing interest for different perspectives, a theoretical gap concerning its political dimension, the power forces that cross through corporeity is still observed. This article draws, then, on Queer Theory's epistemological contributions to critical psychology and the construction of such a notion of embodied subjectivity within Cultural Semiotic Psychology, considering the sociocultural processes that operate in the construction of subjects. Additionally, we seek to provide arguments to refuse the understanding that social markers such as sex, gender, and race are mere variables associated with the human, and reinforce that subjects are constitutively sexed, gendered, and racialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra -city transportation has become an expanding phenomenon in today's civilized society, which should be utilized as a desirable feature of stations in addition to passenger transportation. Due to the high volume of subway users and the duration of passengers' stops, the stations have become effective centers in daily urban activities. Considering the growing trend of expanding the metro network in metropolitan cities and the increasing need for it, special attention is paid to the importance of the quality of the metro station environment. In a busy urban environment, the social interactions of citizens should be considered. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the physical, functional, and psychological criteria in the design of metro stations and the effect of these components on the quality of the stations from the point of view of the metro users. Additionally, the paper aims to provide solutions to increase the spatial quality of the stations. The research method is descriptive -analytical, based on survey and questionnaire techniques used to collect field data. The final results of this research show that the average quality of the environment in the psychological criterion, with a value of 3.48, is higher than other criteria. The lowest level of satisfaction is in the physical criterion, specifically in the building and structure sub - criterion, with a value of 2.26. Therefore, optimizing the space in metro stations for people with physical disabilities, such as the disabled and dear veterans, is one of the most important priorities in the design of the access method. Additionally, urban furniture that is not designed for these individuals should be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the physical factor, with a value of 0.620, is considered the most important in improving the quality of the metro environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When organizations take radically new forms, employees' minds and bodies can also take radically new forms, but prior organizational research has lacked the concepts and data to understand such qualitative changes in persons. For 17 years, I studied a profound societal change, the market turn, inside organizations at their center, investment banks on Wall Street. The banks took a new, market-like form that facilitated the emergence of a cultural–historical new form of personhood, the body entrepreneur. Unlike traditional organizations, which predictably reward employee effort, the banks gradually decoupled rewards from effort, paying bankers for winning first internal and then external competitions and increasingly exposing them to market risk. Bankers internalized this entrepreneurial positioning by transforming their minds and bodies into resources for competitive success regardless of health consequences. As rewards became more elusive, bankers invested more resources, first the mind and then the body, and controlled them in progressively more powerful ways, first through cognitive techniques, then through self-experimentation with drugs. Bankers thus intervened more radically in their minds and bodies than organizations legitimately can, resulting in two qualitative person changes. One, bankers constructed personhood in cultural–historical new ways, changing from the traditional psychological self, which locates processes such as emotions and motivation in the mind, toward a somatic self, the body entrepreneur, which locates them in the body as brain states that bankers could self-design. Two, the body functioned in new ways: not inside–out as a biological imperative but outside–in, fluidly adjusting to changing situations. Whereas prior organizational theories have assumed what the body is, I problematize it, empirically studying the self-technologies through which people construct the culturally situated biologies that compel them to unproblematically reproduce new, market-like organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]