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A novel way of strengthening connection to the future self through a writing exercise.

Testing a novel way to strengthen the connection to the future self, as well as examining the role of positive affect and concreteness in language for future self-continuity, through a writing exercise, in two experimental studies with participants recruited on Prolific.

Since MARPOL Annex VI took force in 1997, the limits ​​with in SECA (Sulphur EmissionControl Areas) have been stricter several times. This contributed to the vessel Peter Pan,owned by TT-Line AB, installed a scrubber in 2016. A scrubber enables the use of fuels with ahigh sulphur content and still meet the actual requirements. Since the scrubber was installed, ithas resulted in an increased workload for the crew on board. The goal of this study was toclarify if there are components in the system that cause frequent operational disturbances and ifthese can be replaced in order to reduce maintenance. To find out this a field study was doneon board the ship. This resulted in several components being observed and examined moreextensively. The compilation of the data collected during the field study showed that there areparts of the system that can be modified to extend the operating intervals. The conclusion washowever that the survey was going on for a too short period to give accurate results.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop a model that will facilitate the choice of maintenance strategy within the Swedish pulp and paper industry. Without compromising system availability, the model aims to reduce inventory holding costs. Methodology: At first, a literary research was conducted to create a holistic view over the chosen topic, in time it developed into a literature framework. Secondly, a case study was conducted in order to obtain empirical data. The data were obtained through interviews and archival records. The literature framework and the empirical data were then cross-analyzed with each other. Findings: In this thesis, a model has been developed based on previously applied and accepted methods. The methods have been identified and described in order to provide a strategy in which the inventory levels- and value could be lowered. The findings indicate that the organization must seek to assign ABC-classified and VED-analyzed components different maintenance actions in order to reduce the total cost. Theoretical contribution: This thesis contributes to a methodology development regarding spare parts management. It aims to add knowledge to the existing gap regarding spare parts order point and batch size. The thesis provides a procedure in which systems including critical and expensive components are evaluated in order to assign them the appropriate maintenance. Practical relevance: The model has only been exemplified by using a system position from Stora Enso Skutskär, the numerical values are examples. The model must be tested with real values and the risk analysis must be carried out with a group of employees with great insight regarding the selected component and system position. Limitations: This thesis is delimited to spare parts management and inventory management. The study only involves one Swedish organization, whereas the organization and its spare parts management illustrates the complexity concerning spares. The model will not be verified as the focus is to highlight the research gap and to develop the model.

Kunskap kring logistik och dess ekonomiska betydelse för organisationer har växt avsevärt de senaste årtionden. Logistik ses numera som en framgångsfaktor och bidrar genom effektiva informations- och materialflöden till en organisations konkurrenskraft. Organisationer strävar efter lönsamhet genom att bemöta det marknaden efterfrågar och inte sällan är utnyttjandegraden på maskiner nära 100 procent. Detta bidrar till ökat slitage och ställer höga krav på en väl fungerande förrådsverksamhet som underlättar det löpande underhållet genom tillförseln av reservdelar och förslitningskomponenter. Studien syftar till att inom industriell förrådsverksamhet undersöka om materialöverlämning vid disk är effektivt samt redogöra för faktorer för effektiva materialflöden. För att redogöra för hur en materialdisk bidrar till ett effektivt materialflöde har processens aktiviteter kartlagts och genom arbetsmätning tidsbestämts. För att utveckla kunskap rörande faktorer som påverkar materialflöden har benchmarking, intervjuer och observationer genomförts. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av en litteraturgranskning beståendes av tidigare forskning. Vid kartläggning av materialdisken framkom det att den är resurskrävande och bidrar inte till ett effektivt materialflöde. Studien visar på hur antalet betjäningstillfällen kan reduceras med hjälp av reservationer, kitting, reducering av icke-kritiska artiklar i förrådet, EDI och självbetjäning. För att möjliggöra självbetjäning presenterar studien stödjande faktorer i form av, materialrekvisition, god visualisering, streckkoder, handskanning och övervakning. Studien presenterar faktorer som bidrar till ett effektivt materialflöde inom industriell förrådsverksamhet i form av materialbehovsplanering baserad på kritikalitetsanalys, uppdaterade ledtider och transparent informationsflöde. Studiens implikationer till fallföretaget är materialdiskens konsumerade tid som uppgick till 82,5 timmar per månad med tillhörande kostnad på ungefär 300 000 kronor per år. Slutligen presenteras ett identifierat teoretiskt gap då tidigare utförd forskning främst riktar sig mot materialflöden inom produktion. Framtida forskning bör behandla materialbehovsplanering och materialflöden ur ett förråds perspektiv. Nyckelord: Logistik, arbetsmätning, benchmarking, effektiva materialflöden Knowledge about logistics and its economic importance for organizations has grown considerably in the recent decades. Logistics has been seen as a factor for a business success and contributes through effective information- and material flow to an organization's competitiveness. Organizations strive for profitability by responding to market demand and maximizing the machines utilization. This leads to early wear and tear of the machines, which then demands efficient storage operations that facilitate ongoing maintenance by supplying spare parts and components. The purpose of the study is to investigate the efficiency of material delivery at disk and seek to explain the factors that contribute to efficient material flows in an industrial storage operation. The process's activities are mapped through time and motion study, benchmarking, interviews and observations are conducted to develop the knowledge about the factors affecting the material flow. The empirical data is analysed with the help of a literature review. While mapping the material disk, it was found that it is a resource-intensive work and does not contribute to an efficient material flow. This study shows that how the number of services can be minimized by means of reservations, kitting, and reduction of non-critical items in the storage, EDI and self-service. To enable self-service, this study presents the supporting factors, like material requisition, good visualization, barcodes, manual scanning and monitoring. This study presents the factors that contribute to an effective material flow in an industrial storage operations, for instance. The study's contribution to the case company is the consumed time of the material disk which amounted to 82.5 hours per month with an associated cost of approximately 300,000 SEK per year. Finally, the theoretical gap related to material flow within production is presented. Future research should address material planning and material flows from a storage perspective. Keywords: Logistics, time and motion study, benchmarking, effective material flow.

Over the last couple of decades, girls and women have generally outperformed boys and men in the educational system, and in the Danish media, high-achieving girls and women are often referred to as straight A girls (Danish: 12-talspiger). In this article, we conduct a corpus linguistic analysis of the frames constructed around the concept of straight A girls in Danish national newspapers (N = 215 articles). Th e analysis shows that straight A girls are framed as sick and conform in a societal culture dominated by performance pressure. Th e frames are primarily manifested in contrasting pairs where seemingly positive attributes are aff ected by or turned into negative assessments, and in highly generalizing and exorbitant accounts refl ecting a stereotypical conception of the girls. Conversely, the under-achieving boys are framed as easy-going and festive, but concurrently, also more innovative and independent. Th e article gives a critical account of such stereotypes, which could have substantial consequences for society’s understanding and treatment of girls and women under education. Over the last couple of decades, girls and women have generally outperformed boys and men in the educational system, and in the Danish media, high-achieving girls and women are often referred to as straight A girls (Danish: 12-talspiger). In this article, we conduct a corpus linguistic analysis of the frames constructed around the concept of straight A girls in Danish national newspapers (N = 215 articles). Th e analysis shows that straight A girls are framed as sick and conform in a societal culture dominated by performance pressure. Th e frames are primarily manifested in contrasting pairs where seemingly positive attributes are aff ected by or turned into negative assessments, and in highly generalizing and exorbitant accounts refl ecting a stereotypical conception of the girls. Conversely, the under-achieving boys are framed as easy-going and festive, but concurrently, also more innovative and independent. Th e article gives a critical account of such stereotypes, which could have substantial consequences for society’s understanding and treatment of girls and women under education.

Udgivelsesdato: 6. marts

Transmission power control is essential in systems of the third-generation (3G) in order to optimize the bandwidth utilization, which is critical when variable data rates are used. One remaining problem is oscillations in the output powers, due to round-trip delays in the power control loops together with the power up-down command device. The oscillations are naturally quantified using discrete time-describing functions, which are introduced and applied. More importantly, time-delay compensation (TDC) is proposed to mitigate the oscillations. When employing TDC, the power control algorithm exhibits greater stability, which is important from a network perspective. Simulations illustrate the oscillations and the benefits of TDC. Moreover, the fading tracking capability is improved, and thus, less fading margin is needed. The results apply not only to wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), but to other direct-sequence (DS) CDMA systems power controlled in a similar manner as well.

A common strategy to utilize available resources in cellular radio systems is to control the transmitter powers. However, when applying power control to real systems, a number of challenges are prevalent. Available information in measurement reports are crude and highly quantized. This paper utilizes point-mass approximations of probability density functions to implement nonlinear estimation of relevant parameters. Most popular power control algorithms track specified target signal-to-interference ratios (SIR:s), but the challenge is to control target values in an outer control loop. Here target SIR:s are provided by utilizing models of the relation between a relevant quality measure, such as frame erasure rate (FER), and the estimated parameters. This is an interesting alternative to outer loop strategies based on relatively infrequent frame error measurements. The discussed outer loop can also include handling of different priorities. The methods proposed in this work are applicable to a general system, but FH-GSM is used as the example throughout the paper. Illuminating simulations of a FH-GSM system illustrate the behavior and performance, which are considered acceptable. By using the proposed outer loop, capacity gains of up to 30% have been observed.

Transmission power control is essential in WCDMA in order to optimize the bandwidth utilization which is critical when variable data ratesare used. One remaining problem is oscillations in the output powers due to round-trip delays in the power control loops together with the power up-down command device. The oscillations are naturally quantified using discrete-time describing functions, which are introduced and applied. More importantly, Time Delay Compensation (TDC) is proposed to mitigate the oscillations. When employing TDC, the power control algorithm operates more stable, which is important from a network perspective. Simulations illustrate the oscillations and the benefits of TDC. Moreover, the fading tracking capability is improved and thus less fading margin is needed. The latest news from standardization is to try to operate without additional delay when close to a base station. Nevertheless, there will still be more distant mobile stations for which TDC will be beneficial.

Thorough analytical analysis of cellular radio networks is difficult in general. Therefore simulation environments are adequate tools to gain understanding about the behaviour of algorithms used in cellular radio networks. In this report MOSE (MObile communications System Emulator) is described. The objective has been to develop an intuitive and user-friendly environment supported by a graphical user-interface. The implemented models include time-varying communication channels, co-channel interference, time delays and constraints. Several filtering and power control algorithms are implemented, and dedicated tests facilitate comparison with respect to different aspects.