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BackgroundEnvironmental contamination is suspected to play an important role in Candida auris transmission. Understanding speed and risks of contamination after room disinfection could inform environmental cleaning recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicenter study of environmental contamination associated with C. auris colonization at six ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities and one acute-care hospital in Illinois and California. Known C. auris carriers were sampled at five body-sites followed by sampling of nearby room surfaces before disinfection and at 0, 4, 8, and 12-hours post-disinfection. Samples were cultured for C. auris and bacterial multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Odds of surface contamination after disinfection were analyzed using multilevel generalized estimating equations.ResultsAmong 41 known C. auris carriers, colonization was detected most frequently on palms/fingertips (76%) and nares (71%). C. auris contamination was detected on 32.2% (66/205) of room surfaces pre-disinfection and 20.5% (39/190) of room surfaces by 4-hours post-disinfection. A higher number of C. auris-colonized body sites was associated with higher odds of environmental contamination at every time point following disinfection, adjusting for facility of residence. In the rooms of 38 (93%) C. auris carriers co-colonized with a bacterial MDRO, 2%-24% of surfaces were additionally contaminated with the same MDRO by 4-hours post-disinfection.ConclusionsC. auris can contaminate the healthcare environment rapidly after disinfection, highlighting the challenges associated with environmental disinfection. Future research should investigate long-acting disinfectants, antimicrobial surfaces, and more effective patient skin antisepsis to reduce the environmental reservoir of C. auris and bacterial MDROs in healthcare settings.

Comprehensive sex education (CSE) is evidence-based, addresses a wide variety of topics, and is inclusive of sexual and gender minority (SGM) experiences. However, teachers are often not trained to deliver CSE and are uncomfortable teaching it. This can lead to the omission of important topics and leave youth dissatisfied with their sex education. Thus, more research is needed to understand educator needs/approaches when delivering sex education and how educators incorporate SGM-affirming content. We conducted fifteen interviews with sex educators in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia (BC), Canada, in autumn 2021, to understand current approaches to and gaps in the provision of CSE. We used an interpretive descriptive methodology. Personal and structural factors constrain the delivery of CSE in BC. Personal factors include motivation, teacher comfort/knowledge, personal trauma, and fear of pushback. Structural factors include inequitable access to parent advisory council funding, Learning Standards design, and the peripheral nature of sex education. Participant recommendations for the future of sex education include increased mandatory pre-service and in-service training, the implementation of 'sex education mentors' in each district, an online hub of resources, and government funding for community-based educators. We recommend (1) that government funding be allocated for at least one trained sex educator in every school district who can coach and mentor teachers; (2) the creation and promotion of an online information hub which includes lesson plans, videos, and resources for teachers; (3) and that teachers' colleges create mandatory courses on teaching CSE. KEYWORDS: Sexual and gender minorities, sexual health education, teacher training, Comprehensive sex education (CSE) is a sex-positive (e.g., recognizes that sex is normal, can be pleasurable and joyful, is inclusive of all identities) and evidenced-based approach (Smart Sex Resource, 2023). [...]

HIV can compromise the immune system; persons with HIV (PWH), especially those not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), might be vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies have reported an increased risk for [...]

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.205.].

Increasingly higher demands are being made on the capacity-limited cognitive capabilities of human operators as they strive to maintain situation awareness (i.e., understanding "what is going on") and performance in complex tasks. In the current study we asked whether: (a) training administered via a mobile phone-based app could improve multitasking and (b) improved multitasking in the app would generalize to improved performance and situation awareness in a simulated air traffic control task (ATC). Participants completed the ATC task before and after multiple sessions of app-based multitasking training or control training. Multitasking on the app improved across training sessions. However, this did not lead to improved performance or situation awareness, or workload reduction, relative to control training on the ATC task. These outcomes indicate that app-based multitasking training based on repetition of a single training task will not necessarily yield generalizable benefits to human performance in other complex dynamic tasks.

Monkeypox virus transmission may be associated with large events where at-risk or potentially infected persons engage in sexual activity at or outside the event (1). The Chicago Department of Public [...]

An extensive body of literature has examined the benefits and challenges of experiential learning in higher education. At the same time, colleges and universities have increased the utilization of large class sections, both online and face-to-face. To date, little research has examined mechanisms for leveraging the benefits, while mitigating the challenges, of experiential learning in large classes. This article seeks to address some of the inherent problems of experiential learning activities in large classes by providing an extension of Kolb's experiential learning framework. Drawing on the multisource feedback literature, we integrate a multisource evaluation process employing self-assessment, peer collaboration, and community engagement to enhance experiential learning outcomes. We propose that this process will help reduce faculty feedback and coaching requirements, while increasing student engagement and career readiness in large classes. We contend that our framework provides a viable model to facilitate student learning, sheds light on an understudied area of pedagogy, and addresses a practical issue facing management instructors in large classrooms. We conclude by offering a pilot study and implementation examples in three different types of management classes as well as proposing future research directions.

In this longitudinal study (N = 98), we examined whether drinking for suppression reasons moderated the relation between depressive symptoms and hooking up for self-affirmation reasons and negative hookup consequences. No moderation was found for hooking up for self-affirmation reasons, but the effect for negative hookup consequences approached significance. When drinking for suppression reasons is low, participants with fewer depressive symptoms reported more negative consequences, and participants with more depressive symptoms reported fewer negative consequences 2 months later. Results are discussed within the context of sex education and mental health programming for young adults.

Settings in which adherence to mask wearing and physical distancing is challenging, such as bars and restaurants, pose a risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (1). Superspreading events in bars have [...]

Organizations have worked over the years to develop efficiencies to their supply chains, which includes efforts to reduce waste, lower costs, consolidate suppliers and distributors, better manage costs of goods sold and inventory, develop efficiencies in packaging, storage, and shipping of product, as well as utilizing digital analytics to manage consumer choices and demands. These are all by-products of world-class manufacturing which have promoted systematic organizational and supply chain efficiencies. However, under economic shocks that are sustained over longer periods of time (e.g., Covid-19 Pandemic) and that affect supply chains from a variety of disruptions, a supply chain that is not prepared or adaptable may be broken or at a minimum weigh down the organization. Therefore, the ability to manage and control risk is a key aspect of effective supply chain management. However, the literature on pandemic risk mitigation is nascent. Thus, this paper offers a review of the extant literature, provides a strategic mitigation model covering five dimensions: leadership, preparedness, digitalization, resilience, and pivoting. These dimensions are designed to help organizations in the future to be more adaptive to events such as global pandemics and other large-scale disruptions and discuss implications for future research.

Teaching behavior has important implications for students' emotional well-being. Multiple models suggest students' perceptions of teaching behaviors are more critical than other measures for predicting well-being, yet student-report instruments that measure concrete and specific teaching behavior are limited. The purpose of the present studies is to develop an instrument to assess students' perceptions of concrete and specific teaching behavior and to test which teaching behavior is associated students' well-being. Construct validity and internal consistency for the 37-item Teaching Behavior Questionnaire (TBQ-S), composed of instructional, negative teaching, socio-emotional, and organizational behavior were examined using data from two independent samples (Study 1: n = 703; Study 2: n = 822). The factor structure was stable across both samples and internal consistencies ranged from 0.77 to 0.97. Results indicated student-ratings of teaching behavior were associated with positive and negative affect in students.

There are clear, empirical associations between teaching behaviors and students' affect. Yet no study to date has investigated whether teaching behaviors (i.e., instructional, organizational, socio-emotional, and negative) impact students' affect differently based on race/ethnicity. This gap in the literature is concerning given the substantial academic and mental health disparities between African American (AA) and European American (EA) students. Thus, the present study examined whether differences exist in the associations between teaching behaviors and affect in AA and EA high school students. Participating AA and EA high school students (N = 968; 60.2% EA) completed the Teaching Behavior Questionnaire and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale for Children. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we found a positive association between instructional teaching behavior and positive affect in EA but not AA students; this association was significantly stronger in EA than in AA students (p < 0.05). There was a positive association between socio-emotional teaching behavior and positive affect (p < 0.05) for AA and EA students; race did not moderate this finding (p > 0.05). Finally, there was a negative association between negative teaching behavior and positive affect in EA but not AA students; race did not moderate this finding (p > 0.05). Regarding negative affect, socio-emotional and negative teaching behavior were positively associated with negative affect (p < 0.05) in EA and AA students, respectively. Race did not moderate these associations (p > 0.05). The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Measles, a highly contagious respiratory virus with the potential to cause severe complications, hospitalization, and death, was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000; however, with ongoing global transmission, infections in the United States still occur. On March 7, 2024, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed a case of measles in a male aged 1 year residing in a temporary shelter for migrants in Chicago. Given the congregate nature of the setting, high transmissibility of measles, and low measles vaccination coverage among shelter residents, measles virus had the potential to spread rapidly among approximately 2,100 presumed exposed shelter residents. CDPH immediately instituted outbreak investigation and response activities in collaboration with state and local health departments, health care facilities, city agencies, and shelters. On March 8, CDPH implemented active case-finding and coordinated a mass vaccination campaign at the affected shelter (shelter A), including vaccinating 882 residents and verifying previous vaccination for 784 residents over 3 days. These activities resulted in 93% measles vaccination coverage (defined as receipt of ≥1 recorded measles vaccine dose) by March 11. By May 13, a total of 57 confirmed measles cases associated with residing in or having contact with persons from shelter A had been reported. Most cases (41; 72%) were among persons who did not have documentation of measles vaccination and were considered unvaccinated. In addition, 16 cases of measles occurred among persons who had received ≥1 measles vaccine dose ≥21 days before first known exposure. This outbreak underscores the need to ensure high vaccination coverage among communities residing in congregate settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Environmental contamination is suspected to play an important role in Candida auris transmission. Understanding speed and risks of contamination after room disinfection could inform environmental cleaning recommendations. Methods We conducted a prospective multicenter study of environmental contamination associated with C. auris colonization at 6 ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities and 1 acute care hospital in Illinois and California. Known C. auris carriers were sampled at 5 body sites followed by sampling of nearby room surfaces before disinfection and at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours after disinfection. Samples were cultured for C. auris and bacterial multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Odds of surface contamination after disinfection were analyzed using multilevel generalized estimating equations. Results Among 41 known C. auris carriers, colonization was detected most frequently on palms/fingertips (76%) and nares (71%). C. auris contamination was detected on 32.2% (66/205) of room surfaces before disinfection and 20.5% (39/190) of room surfaces by 4 hours after disinfection. A higher number of C. auris –colonized body sites was associated with higher odds of environmental contamination at every time point following disinfection, adjusting for facility of residence. In the rooms of 38 (93%) C. auris carriers co-colonized with a bacterial MDRO, 2%–24% of surfaces were additionally contaminated with the same MDRO by 4 hours after disinfection. Conclusions C. auris can contaminate the healthcare environment rapidly after disinfection, highlighting the challenges associated with environmental disinfection. Future research should investigate long-acting disinfectants, antimicrobial surfaces, and more effective patient skin antisepsis to reduce the environmental reservoir of C. auris and bacterial MDROs in healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report summarizes risk assessment interviews and follow-up with health care personnel (HCP) after exposure to patients with mpox disease during 17 May to 8 July 2022. HCP-case interactions were assessed using a standard questionnaire to categorize the risk associated with patient encounters. We assessed 150 interactions among 142 HCP and 30 cases. Four (2.7%) interactions were defined as high risk, 5 (3.3%) intermediate, 107 (71.3%) low, and 31 (20.7%) no risk. High and intermediate exposures were offered postexposure prophylaxis; 4 accepted. No documented mpox transmission after exposure was identified. These findings suggest transmission risk in health care settings during routine patient care is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV is associated with severe mpox. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) could facilitate mpox transmission. We estimated HIV and STI frequency among patients with mpox and compared characteristics associated with mpox severity. Mpox cases during 1 June 2022 to 31 March 2023 were matched to Illinois HIV/AIDS surveillance data. Among 1124 patients with mpox, 489 (44%) had HIV and 786 (70%) had prior or concurrent STI; 307 (39%) had ≥3 STI episodes. More patients with mpox who were living with HIV were hospitalized than those without HIV (10.3% vs 4.1%, P <.001). STI screening visits are opportunities to vaccinate against mpox and provide HIV prophylaxis or treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study (N = 202; mean age = 19.52 years, SD = 1.36 years; 66.5% female) analyzed three structural equation models to determine whether ruminative brooding and negative affect, moderated by shame proneness, explained college student drinking behaviors more than a model without shame proneness. Results indicated a model including shame proneness fit the data best; however, the moderated variables were not significantly associated with other variables in the retained model. Results are discussed alongside clinical recommendations within a university counseling center framework.